WO2014177697A1 - Dialyseur pour hémodialyse comprenant des membranes capillaires, installation de filature pour capillaires et procédé de fabrication de capillaires - Google Patents

Dialyseur pour hémodialyse comprenant des membranes capillaires, installation de filature pour capillaires et procédé de fabrication de capillaires Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014177697A1
WO2014177697A1 PCT/EP2014/058994 EP2014058994W WO2014177697A1 WO 2014177697 A1 WO2014177697 A1 WO 2014177697A1 EP 2014058994 W EP2014058994 W EP 2014058994W WO 2014177697 A1 WO2014177697 A1 WO 2014177697A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
profile
outlet opening
membrane
cross
longitudinal direction
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Ceased
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PCT/EP2014/058994
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Oliver GOTTSCHALK
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NEPHRO-SOLUTIONS AG
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NEPHRO-SOLUTIONS AG
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Publication of WO2014177697A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014177697A1/fr
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
    • A61M1/1621—Constructional aspects thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
    • B01D69/082—Hollow fibre membranes characterised by the cross-sectional shape of the fibre
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
    • B01D69/085—Details relating to the spinneret

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a dialyzer for blood washing according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a spinning system for producing capillaries in a dialyzer according to the invention and to a method for producing the capillaries according to the invention.
  • Dialyzers are basically known in the art. Dialysis patients suffering from chronic renal insufficiency are treated in specialized clinics with the help of so-called hemodialysis HD. HD is by far the most common procedure in renal replacement therapy, accounting for more than 89% of the world's treatments. Another method of renal replacement therapy is the so-called peritoneal or peritoneal PD.
  • Hemodialysis requires the use of hemodialysis machines and dialyzers, which are connected to the device as "artificial kidneys" with the help of extracorporeal blood circulation and must also be replaced as consumables, so-called disposable articles, which can be used to remove uremic retention products and water (Ultrafiltration) from the Patient's Blood (Bloodwash)
  • dialyzers contain more than 10,000 hollow fibers whose wall is formed as a membrane and which are called capillary membranes.
  • micro-hollow fibers are used in gas separation processes.
  • application of a profile to the outer wall of a hollow micro-fiber is disclosed so as not to drop the distance between the micro-hollow fibers to increase efficiency at a minimum distance.
  • the article in the appendix discloses a profile on an inner wall of a hollow micro-fiber, it is only disclosed for use in gas separation processes in which the micro hollow fibers are produced in a spinning process from a solution of PEI / PVP / NMP in a ratio of 19/1 1/70 wt% and water is used as coagulum
  • These micro hollow fibers are already suitable for use in dialyzers in no case suitable. It is therefore a first object of the invention to provide a dialyzer for the blood washing available, which has an improved effect with the same size.
  • a dialyzer for the blood scrubbing is provided with a plurality of capillaries each extending in a longitudinal direction, each having a semipermeable capillary membrane 7 each having a membrane inner surface and a membrane outer surface.
  • a wall of the capillary represents the semipermeable capillary membrane, wherein a membrane exchange surface enlarging profile is provided on the membrane inner surface.
  • the membrane inner surface is enlarged in comparison with a circular in the cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction membrane inner surface which has a same average inner diameter.
  • the mean inner diameter is a diameter that results from complete leveling or smoothing of the peaks and valleys of the profile.
  • the membrane inner surface is geometrically differently realized to increase the membrane exchange area.
  • the semipermeable membranes are conveniently polysulfone (PSu) and / or polyethersulfone (PES). These are materials that have been clinically tested and approved and approved for use in dialyzers.
  • the semipermeable membrane may consist entirely of polysulfone and / or polyethersulfone.
  • the profile extends along the entire extent in the longitudinal direction of the membrane inner surface of each of the capillaries. According to the invention, it is provided to make the membrane inner surface as large as possible with the same mean inner diameter. This is preferably achieved in that the Membraninnenfiambae has a profile which extends conveniently along the entire capillary in the longitudinal direction.
  • each of the capillaries has a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
  • the profile has a wave shape which extends in the cross section along an entire circumference of the membrane inner surface.
  • the waveform can be a sinusoidal wave, but also other types of waveforms, such as rectangular waves, sawtooth profiles, or the like. act, preferably each having rounded edges.
  • the profile is translation invariant in the longitudinal direction, d. H. the profile has an identical shape in several cross sections along the longitudinal direction of the capillary.
  • the undulating profile along the circumference at least 10, preferably at least 30, more preferably at least 60 peaks.
  • it also discloses any other number of waves.
  • only one wave or only two waves can be provided, which already enlarge the membrane inner surface.
  • the intended peaks and valleys are designed in height / depth so that when perfused with blood as few blood cells are adsorbed.
  • the object is achieved by a spinning system having the features of claim 6.
  • the spinning system comprises a multiplicity of spinnerets, each having a longitudinal direction and a respective first outlet opening for a temporary filling medium and a second outlet opening for a polymer solution, the second outlet opening preferably completely surrounding the first outlet opening in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and the first and second outlet openings are opened in the longitudinal direction, preferably in such a way that the temporary filling medium and the polymer solution both emerge together in the same direction in the longitudinal direction from the outlet openings of the spinneret.
  • an inner wall of the second outlet opening in the cross-section has a complementary profile surrounding the first outlet opening.
  • the complementary profile completely circumscribes the first outlet opening.
  • an outlet nozzle is provided between the two outlet openings, which is preferably annular in shape in the cross section.
  • an outer wall of the outlet nozzle on the complementary profile which is then applied during the manufacturing process of the capillary as a profile on the inner membrane surface.
  • an inner wall of the preferably annular outlet nozzle is smooth and in the cross section circular, preferably exactly circular, while the outer wall has the complementary profile.
  • the first outlet opening is circular in cross-section and the second outlet opening is annular and preferably concentrically surrounds the first outlet opening, and the outlet nozzle annular in cross-section is arranged between the two outlet openings and the complementary profile is provided on the outer wall of the outlet nozzle.
  • This preferred embodiment of the invention allows a particularly simple production of the spinning system according to the invention, by using conventional spinning plants, in which the spinnerets are replaced.
  • the spinnerets each have an outlet nozzle, which separates the two outlet openings from each other and on the outer wall of a complementary profile is applied.
  • the complementary profile is undulating in the cross-section and extends along the entire circumference of the outer wall of the outlet nozzle.
  • the complementary profile is preferably provided at least at the exit point of the spinneret, i. H. at the point where the exiting from the spinneret polymer solution still touches the outer wall of the outlet, to accommodate there on the embankment wall, the complementary profile as a profile can.
  • noses protrude from the outlet point in the longitudinal direction.
  • These lugs are part of the complementary profile and can be used to form, for example, elongated wave troughs in the profile of the membrane inner wall.
  • an inner wall of the outlet nozzle in the cross section is smooth and strictly circular.
  • the spinning plant has a first container which is filled with the temporary filling medium and a second container which is filled with the polymer solution.
  • the polymer solution is preferably a polysulfone (PSu) and / or polyethersulfone solution (PES).
  • PSu polysulfone
  • PES polyethersulfone solution
  • other polymers can be used.
  • the preferred solvents for PSu or PES are N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and dimethylacetamide.
  • membrane polymers can also be used to construct the semipermeable membrane be chosen and appropriate solutions are kept.
  • all membrane polymers suitable for dialysis can be used, in particular membrane polymers based on modified celluloses, such as, for example, cellulose acetate and / or based on polyacrylonitrile and / or polyamide.
  • the object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 16.
  • a polymer solution for forming a semi-permeable membrane of a first outlet opening of a spinneret is fed, and at the same time a filling medium for forming a temporary soul of a second outlet opening of the spinneret is supplied.
  • a capillary-shaped endless tube continuously leaves the spinneret, and at least at the exit point the polymer solution passes over a complementary profile, which is preferably attached to an outlet spout of the spinneret, and when passing over a profile forms on a membrane inner surface.
  • the profile on the inner surface of the membrane is kept in shape by the temporary soul.
  • the temporary core preferably generates a variable internal pressure with which the membrane inner surface is pressed from the inside, so that the membrane does not coincide with one another and does not change or lose its profile achieved by the complementary profile, or at least only very slowly.
  • the polymer solution coagulates, whereby the profile is already stabilized directly after the exit point of the spinneret and is prevented from bleeding.
  • Coagulation in this application is understood to mean the dimensionally stable solidification of the polymer solution.
  • the capillary endless tube is guided after exiting through a coagulation bath and coagulates there to the endless capillary, d. H. that forms a dimensionally stable semipermeable membrane with the profile on the membrane inner surface, which can then be summarized in bundles and cut, and then install the capillary bundles in a dialyzer.
  • polysulfone solution PSu
  • polyethersulfone solution PES
  • solutions with other membrane polymers can also be used in the process according to the invention. All membrane polymers suitable for dialysis can be used for this, in particular membrane polymers based on modified celluloses, such as, for example, cellulose acetate and / or based on polyacrylonitrile and / or polyamide.
  • modified celluloses such as, for example, cellulose acetate and / or based on polyacrylonitrile and / or polyamide.
  • FIG. 2a shows a basic structure of a dialyzer
  • FIG. 2b shows a basic structure of a semipermeable membrane
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a spinning system for carrying out a method according to the invention for producing capillaries according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a sectional view along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3, FIG.
  • FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a spinneret according to the invention
  • FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of the capillary according to the invention, in FIG. 6.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically the basic structure of a dialysis machine for performing hemodialysis on a patient 1.
  • the patient's blood is washed extracorporeally.
  • Fig. 1 shows only the forearm of a patient 1.
  • the blood is removed from the patient 1 via an access 2 on the forearm of the patient 1 by means of a shunt and pumped by a blood pump 3 via the access 2 and fed to a dialyzer 4.
  • Blood taken from the patient 1 is additionally supplied with a coagulation inhibitor in a feeder 6, and the blood enriched with the coagulation inhibitor is pumped into the dialyzer 4 and washed in the dialyzer 4.
  • the dialyzer 4 serves as the actual "artificial kidney", which washes waste products from the patient's blood and extracts water from the organism.
  • the dialyzer 4 is in a separated from a circulatory system 7 Diaiysat Vietnameselauf 8 Dialysier crampkeit, also called dialysate supplied.
  • the blood circulation 7 and the Diaiysat Vietnameselauf 8 are in the dialyzer 4 in opposite directions and separated by semipermeable membranes 9.
  • the semipermeable membranes 9 are shown in Fig. 1 only very schematically by an oblique contact surfaces between the two circuits 7, 8. Their actual shape is described below.
  • the dialyzer 4 essentially comprises a multiplicity of capillaries 20 arranged parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction L.
  • Capillaries 20 are small, hair-thin tubes having an inner diameter of between 150 ⁇ m and 240 ⁇ m and an outer diameter between 200 pm and> 300 pm.
  • the capillaries 20 are arranged parallel to one another in the dialyzer 4, preferably without direct contact with one another.
  • a respective lumen 21 of each of the capillaries 20, d. H. through the respective free inner tube of the capillary 20 the blood of the circulatory system 7 flows in the longitudinal direction L of each of the capillaries 20.
  • an outer space 22 of each capillary 20 flows in the opposite direction, ie opposite to the longitudinal direction L, the dialysate in Diaiysat Vietnameselauf 8 at the capillaries 20 outside over.
  • the membrane 9 of each capillary wall is semipermeable.
  • the principal mode of action of the semipermeable membrane 9 is shown in FIG. 2b.
  • 2 b shows on the left side the blood flowed through lumen 21 of the capillary 20 and on the right side of the outer space 22 of the capillary 20, which is flowed through by the dialysate.
  • the patient's blood 1 has a number of different sized substances, only a few of which are shown.
  • the semipermeable membrane 9 has a pore size that does not allow large molecules to pass therethrough. In this sense, large molecules are red blood cells 23 (erythrocytes) and large protein molecules such as albumin 24.
  • the concentration of the substances in the dialysate is selected such that water diffuses through the semipermeable membrane 9 from the blood in the lumen 21 through the semipermeable membrane 9 into the dialysate due to the transmembrane pressure applied via the machine.
  • small molecule retention products such as uric acid, urea, creatinine and phosphate ions diffuse from the blood compartment in lumen 21 into the dialysate compartment.
  • electrolytes 25 diffuse from the dialysate into the blood because the dialysate has a correspondingly higher electrolyte concentration individually set for the patient 1.
  • the molecular flow J for each type of molecule is critically dependent on the size of the exchange surface A, d. H. of the size of the surface of the semipermeable membrane 9 formed by a membrane inner surface 9a. There is also a dependence on the gradient of the concentration of this substance along the path x in the radial direction.
  • the invention makes use of the idea to increase the size of the exchange surface A with otherwise constant outer dimensions of the capillaries 20 and thus to increase the molecular flow, thereby increasing the effect of the capillaries 20, so the volume passed through the semipermeable membrane 9 per unit length of the capillary 20, enlarged. This is made possible by the fact that the restriction of the diffusion by a periodic change in thickness of the membrane linearly the area obtained, but square.
  • the capillaries 20 according to the invention are produced in the form of hair-thin Kapillarendlosschläuchen 20a in spinning units 30.
  • the basic structure of a spinning system 30 is shown in Fig. 3a.
  • the spinning system 30 has a plurality of juxtaposed, aligned in the longitudinal direction L spinnerets 31, one of which is shown in Fig. 3 in principle.
  • the longitudinal direction L corresponds to the direction of gravitational force.
  • the spinneret 31 are fed two media, on the one hand a polymeric solution 32, which coagulates in the further course of the process to the semipermeable membrane 9, and a temporary filling medium 33, such as water or air, the During the manufacturing process, a soul 38 temporarily forms and keeps the capillary endless tube 20a open until the capillary endless tube 20a has gained sufficient stability through coagulation in order to no longer change or collapse its shape.
  • the pressure with which the temporary filling medium is conveyed into the spinneret 31 is variably controlled so as to facilitate the formation of the desired cross-section.
  • the spinneret 31 has a first, in cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L circular outlet opening 34, which is intended for the supply of the temporary filling medium 33, and a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L annular second outlet opening 35, the first outlet opening 34 substantially surround concentrically and which is intended for discharging the polymer solution 32.
  • the polymer solution 32 and the filling medium 33 meet. At this moment, coagulation of the polymer solution 32 on the membrane inner surface 9a to the semipermeable membrane 9 already begins.
  • FIG. 4 shows, in principle, the structure of the capillary endless tube 20a coagulating on the membrane inner surface 9a but not yet completely coagulated directly after it leaves the spinneret 31
  • the capillary endless tube 20a has at this point an outer annular partially coagulated polymer solution 32a, which forms by further continuous coagulation to the semipermeable membrane 9 and then forms the actual capillary 20.
  • An inner surface of the partially coagulated polymer solution 32a which already corresponds to the structure of the membrane inner surface 9a, has a wave-shaped profile 37a, which is in cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L of the capillary 20 along the entire circumference of the inner surface of the partially coagulated polymer solution 32a, already in the construction of Membrane inner surface 9a corresponds, extends.
  • the temporary core 38 of the capillary endless tube 20a is formed by the temporary filling medium 33. This may be, for example, water which keeps the capillary endless tube 20a open by a variable internal pressure and which stabilizes the shape of the membrane inner surface 9a by the coagulation which already forms when the temporary filling medium 33 and polymer solution 32 meet.
  • the filling medium 33 is of a temporary nature, ie it leaves the capillary 20 in the further course of the method, preferably after it has been completely coagulated.
  • the spinneret 31 is arranged as shown in FIG. 3 about a felling distance I above a coagulation bath 39.
  • the capillary endless tube 20a emerging from the spinneret 31 drops by gravity into the coagulation bath 39. There, too, a membrane outer surface 9b coagulates.
  • the capillary endless tube 20a is led out by deflection rollers 40 from the coagulation 39 and in several, continuously arranged Washed baths.
  • the coagulated capillary endless tube 20a is wound up so that capillaries 20 arranged parallel to one another are formed as bundles.
  • the capillaries 20 are processed in a conventional manner and arranged parallel to each other in and to the dialyzer 4.
  • FIG. 5 shows an enlarged view of the exit point 36 of the spinneret 31 according to the invention.
  • the first outlet opening 34 and the second outlet opening 35 are shown.
  • the two outlet openings 34, 35 are separated by a substantially annular nozzle 50 from each other.
  • the temporary filling medium 33 is let out through the first outlet opening 34 and the polymer solution 32 through the second outlet opening 35.
  • a wave-shaped complementary profile 37b is applied to an outer wall 50b of the outlet nozzle 50.
  • the wave-shaped complementary profile 37b is provided in particular directly at the exit point 36, d. H.
  • the wave-shaped complementary profile 37b extends a distance, preferably 0.5 mm, 1 mm or 1, 5 mm against the longitudinal direction L along the outer wall 50b of the outlet nozzle 50.
  • the length of the wave-shaped complementary profile 37b is dimensioned the polymer solution 32, which flows along the outer wall 50b of the outlet nozzle 50, can assume a corrugated profile 37a, which is just complementary to the corrugated complementary profile 37b.
  • an inner wall 50a of the outlet nozzle 50 is circular in cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L.
  • the wave-shaped complementary profile 37b and the wave-shaped profile 37a need not necessarily have a sinusoidal waveform in cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L. It can also rectangular sawtooth shapes or waveforms that are not sinusoidal, for example, rectangular shapes with rounded corners o. ⁇ , find use.
  • the outer wall 50b of the outlet nozzle 50 of the spinneret 31 can, for example, in lithographic printing process with the wave-shaped complementary profile 37b be provided.
  • Processes for producing such micro- or nanostructures are known, for example, from WO 02/43937 A2.
  • extending on the outer wall 50b of the outlet 50 in the longitudinal direction L extending complementary waveforms can be printed.
  • other techniques for generating the wave-shaped complementary profile 37b conceivable, such. B. the milling of depressions in the outer wall 50 b of the outlet nozzle 50th
  • FIG. 6 shows the membrane inner surface 9a of the capillary 20 with the wave-shaped profile 37a.
  • FIG. 6 shows a wave profile with 64 sine waves.
  • the sinusoidal wave-shaped profile of FIG. 6 causes, compared to a circular cross-section, an enlargement of the membrane inner surface 9a of 350%. For 41 waves, the increase in the size of the membrane inner surface 9a would be 285%.
  • all other wave numbers are possible; it is even possible that the capillary 20 comprises only one wave or two waves and any other number of waves and also a significantly higher number than the above-mentioned 68 waves.
  • FIG. 7 shows the capillary 20 according to the invention in a perspective basic view. Due to the significant increase in the size of the membrane inner surface 9a with a constant length and the same average inner diameter of the capillary 20, the effect of the capillaries 20 is increased accordingly. Since the molecular current J is proportional to the size of the exchange surface A according to Fick's law mentioned above, an increase in the effect of the capillary 20 at the same length corresponding to the increase of the membrane inner surface 9b in the above examples by 285% and 350, respectively %.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dialyseur comprenant une pluralité de capillaires (20) s'étendant chacun dans une direction longitudinale (L) et agencés les uns à côté des autres, chaque capillaire présentant une membrane (9) semi-perméable pourvue d'une surface intérieure de membrane (9a) et d'une surface extérieure de membrane. La surface intérieure de membrane (9a) est caractérisée en ce qu'elle présente un profil (37a) qui l'élargit.
PCT/EP2014/058994 2013-05-03 2014-05-02 Dialyseur pour hémodialyse comprenant des membranes capillaires, installation de filature pour capillaires et procédé de fabrication de capillaires Ceased WO2014177697A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202013004189U DE202013004189U1 (de) 2013-05-03 2013-05-03 Semipermeable Kapillarmembran mit wellenförmig ausgebildeter innerer aktiver Austauschfläche
DE202013004189.7 2013-05-03

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WO2014177697A1 true WO2014177697A1 (fr) 2014-11-06

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PCT/EP2014/058994 Ceased WO2014177697A1 (fr) 2013-05-03 2014-05-02 Dialyseur pour hémodialyse comprenant des membranes capillaires, installation de filature pour capillaires et procédé de fabrication de capillaires

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WO (1) WO2014177697A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019152354A1 (fr) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-08 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Production de fibres à l'aide de filières
US11253819B2 (en) 2020-05-14 2022-02-22 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Production of thin film composite hollow fiber membranes
US11331632B2 (en) 2020-02-14 2022-05-17 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Thin film composite hollow fiber membranes fabrication systems
US11406941B2 (en) 2020-02-14 2022-08-09 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Thin film composite hollow fiber membranes fabrication systems
US12116326B2 (en) 2021-11-22 2024-10-15 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Conversion of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons using non-thermal plasma and a catalyst

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US6805730B2 (en) * 2002-01-29 2004-10-19 Amersham Biosciences Membrane Separations Corp. Convoluted surface hollow fiber membranes

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019152354A1 (fr) * 2018-01-31 2019-08-08 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Production de fibres à l'aide de filières
CN111670272A (zh) * 2018-01-31 2020-09-15 沙特阿拉伯石油公司 使用喷丝器生产纤维
US10889915B2 (en) 2018-01-31 2021-01-12 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Producing fibers using spinnerets
US11674241B2 (en) 2018-01-31 2023-06-13 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Producing fibers using spinnerets
US11331632B2 (en) 2020-02-14 2022-05-17 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Thin film composite hollow fiber membranes fabrication systems
US11406941B2 (en) 2020-02-14 2022-08-09 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Thin film composite hollow fiber membranes fabrication systems
US11253819B2 (en) 2020-05-14 2022-02-22 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Production of thin film composite hollow fiber membranes
US12116326B2 (en) 2021-11-22 2024-10-15 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Conversion of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons using non-thermal plasma and a catalyst

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