WO2014180835A1 - Presse à granulés et procédé de fabrication de granulés - Google Patents

Presse à granulés et procédé de fabrication de granulés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014180835A1
WO2014180835A1 PCT/EP2014/059219 EP2014059219W WO2014180835A1 WO 2014180835 A1 WO2014180835 A1 WO 2014180835A1 EP 2014059219 W EP2014059219 W EP 2014059219W WO 2014180835 A1 WO2014180835 A1 WO 2014180835A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
biomass
flat die
pelleting press
press
rollers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2014/059219
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Frank Heymanns
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
Original Assignee
Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau filed Critical Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
Publication of WO2014180835A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014180835A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
    • B30B11/228—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using pressing means, e.g. rollers moving over a perforated die plate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/30—Feeding material to presses
    • B30B15/302—Feeding material in particulate or plastic state to moulding presses
    • B30B15/308—Feeding material in particulate or plastic state to moulding presses in a continuous manner, e.g. for roller presses, screw extrusion presses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pelleting press for the production of pellets according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for the production of pellets according to the preamble of patent claim 18.
  • pellets also known as pellets or granules, from fines or compacted and / or molten material is already known.
  • comminuted biomass such as sawdust, dust or the like
  • Chipboard used by the woodworking industry but it can also freshly harvested stocks or in the woodworking industry unusable types of wood or waste materials are used.
  • block power plants or special high-temperature furnaces for heat generation and / or for the production of electrical energy can also cleanly burn small amounts of polluted material (pellets of particleboard or MDF boards with or without a coating or a coating).
  • the wood pellets are usually produced in so-called pelleting presses, in which the material to be pressed is pressed by moving and / or active rolling rolls, also called roll-up rolls, through bores of a die. Through the holes, the material (biomass) is formed and discharged as strands from the holes. Under holes are understood to mean all openings, which are preferably carried out substantially cylindrical, are arranged in a die for the passage and shaping of the material. The holes can also larger inlet areas (subsidence) to improve the
  • Flat dies roll the roller rollers circular (mill construction).
  • the invention preferably deals with flat dies, but may also be used with ring dies.
  • the material to be compacted may be not only biomass for incineration in fireplaces, but any pelletable material such as feed or food, coal, plastic or the like. On the possibilities of treatment and dispersion of biomass, or the
  • Metering device which consists of a scattering device and arranged underneath endlessly circulating forming belt.
  • the document DE 10 2009 051 481 A1 describes a pelleting press for the production of pellets from biomass, with a flat die and several rolls, which are arranged above the flat die. It is further described that a
  • Spreader may be provided to perform separately for each roller biomass can. How such a scattering device could be formed is not described in detail in the document. Due to the now world-wide acknowledged global warming is the industry
  • the system costs and the operating costs should be as low as possible in order to be able to produce pellets at the lowest possible cost.
  • An essential element that determines the production performance of a pelleting press is the die.
  • the die as a wearing part, is a major cause of planned and unplanned maintenance, with the pelleting press usually being shut down for longer periods of maintenance, which can result in significant production downtime.
  • pelleting presses which are designed for the large-scale industrial production of pellets are to achieve the highest possible throughput of
  • the die can be made more resistant by, for example, increasing the diameter of the die and / or increasing the thickness of the die, resulting in correspondingly increased plant costs for the pelleting press. There is therefore a trade-off between the requirements of a small one
  • a pelleting press is specified for the production of pellets of material to be pressed, preferably biomass for use as
  • Pelleting press having a flat die and a plurality of rollers rolling on the flat die to press the biomass through holes formed in the flat die to pellets, wherein for each of the rolls one each
  • Metering device and an adjoining the metering chute is provided for metering and for supplying biomass to a region of the flat die, which is in the direction of movement of the flat die before the respective roller, and wherein a distributor device is provided for distributing biomass, the Pelleting press is fed, and for feeding the biomass to the
  • each roller its own metering device, which ensures that a tuned, uniform amount of biomass on the
  • the distributor device has a distributor cone and a distributor ring disposed below the distributor cone, wherein a plurality of apertures are formed in the distributor ring, each aperture being arranged and configured to allow particles of the biomass to pass through the apertures into one below the aperture to allow arranged metering device.
  • Reliable distribution device can be realized, which allows an efficient distribution of the biomass on the metering devices.
  • the distributor cone and the distributor ring may preferably be a
  • Scraper arrangement may be arranged, with at least one scraper which extends in the radial direction at least over a part of the distributor ring, wherein further
  • Drive means are provided for driving the scraper arrangement in rotation, so that the at least one scraper brushes over the distributor ring.
  • the scraper or scrapers efficiently ensure that biomass accumulating on the distributor ring is conveyed into the ports and further into the dosing devices.
  • the openings are preferably designed to be closed. This can be it
  • roller arrangement with a plurality of rollers can be arranged for metering the biomass.
  • the rollers may be further configured and configured to comminute and / or dissolve the biomass.
  • the rollers may be formed as spoke rollers, as knife rollers or as rollers on whose peripheral surfaces in regular patterns projections and / or depressions, in particular in diamond shape.
  • the metering devices can simultaneously serve to dissolve and loosen the biomass, and / or to break up the biomass, so that larger lumps that may possibly be contained in the biomass supplied to the pelleting press, do not reach the flat die and possibly there too Can cause problems.
  • roller arrangement in the metering device is a
  • Storage space is designed to biomass through an opening that the
  • Metering is assigned to record and temporarily store. In this way, the metering device can be decoupled from the distributor device and it can be ensured that the respective roller can be continuously supplied with a constant stream of biomass.
  • the chutes may each have an outlet opening bounded by a lower outlet edge.
  • the lower outlet edge is preferably arranged at a height h above the flat die, wherein the height h is less than 2 times, preferably less than 1.5 times, and particularly preferably less than 1.0 times the press gap height.
  • the height h can also be zero. In this way, the lower outlet edge can simultaneously serve to level a remainder of biomass which, after being pressed by one of the rollers, remains on the rolling surface of the flat die, or to completely clear it off from zero in the case of a height h , and excess biomass from the rolling surface
  • the stripped biomass is preferably returned to the
  • Promoted distributor device to be re-dosed and fed via a chute of a roller for recompression.
  • the promoted distributor device to be re-dosed and fed via a chute of a roller for recompression.
  • the lower outlet edge against the direction of movement on an oblique structure in order to improve the "clearing effect" of the flat die.
  • the lower outlet edge is arranged to lie in a region between the press nip formed between the associated roll and the flat die and a perpendicular tangent to the associated roll.
  • the vertical is preferably perpendicular to the rolling surface of the flat die. In this way, the biomass supplied through the outlet opening in the direction of the roll is fed almost directly into the press nip.
  • the chutes may each have a first chute section and a second chute section, wherein the second chute section is bounded on its side facing away from the associated roller by an arcuately curved wall, wherein the lower outlet edge is defined by a lower end of the second chute section.
  • the side of a chute facing the associated roller is also delimited by an arcuately curved wall, so that a horizontal cross-section of the lower chute section in FIG
  • the biomass can be discharged in this way via an outlet opening which extends over the entire width of the rolling surface of the flat die, but only a small extent in
  • the direction of movement of the flat die has only a substantially smaller horizontal extent and is narrow in this sense. In this way, the
  • Biomass be placed approximately as a homogeneous, even mat on the rolling surface of the flat die.
  • the arcuately curved wall may be curved in the region of the lower outlet edge such that a tangent to that of the roller
  • the fall shafts have a height and an angle ⁇ , which are dimensioned such that the particles emerging from the respective outlet opening of the biomass have a velocity component in the horizontal direction which on average assumes a value which is in one Range between 80 and 120%, preferably between 90% and 1 10%, in particular about 100% of the speed of the rolling surface.
  • the biomass particles therefore have substantially the same speed in the horizontal direction as the speed of the rolling surface at this point, which results from the rotational speed of the
  • the biomass particles can therefore easily be deposited on the rolling surface, without resulting in shock-like kinetic energy transfer for acceleration and deceleration, which could lead to unwanted movement of the biomass particles and disruption in the formation of a uniform and homogeneous occupancy of the rolling surface.
  • Means may further be provided for closing the manholes and / or the
  • Distributor device in particular to put the distributor cone and / or the distributor ring in vibration. In this way, it is possible to ensure improved transport of the biomass and / or reduce deposition of biomass particles.
  • the solution for the method for the production of pellets is that the biomass is distributed via a distributor to the number of rollers and each fed to a metering device, the metering the biomass dosed transferred into a chute and the biomass in the chute to a range of Flat die is supplied, which is in the direction of movement of the flat die in front of the respective roller. It is particularly advantageous if the biomass is intermediately stored by the metering device in a gap and thus can be controlled and passed on evenly.
  • Speed component in the horizontal direction from the chute of the flat die is passed, which assumes on average a value which is in a range between 80% and 120%, preferably between 90% and 1 10%, in particular about 100% of the speed of the rolling surface.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of a circular flat die and several on it
  • Fig. 2 is a side view in section of Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of a pelleting press according to an embodiment
  • Figures 1 and 2 show a section of a pelleting press 3 according to an embodiment, wherein the supply of the biomass 1 is not shown for clarity.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a circular flat die 4 and a plurality of rollers 5 rolling thereon in four pressing devices or press racks 12, respectively.
  • This number is not restrictive and, depending in part Inner or outer diameter of the flat die 4, a plurality of pressing devices 12 may be arranged in the pelleting press 3.
  • the flat die 4 with the rolling surface 19 is movably mounted in the pressing devices 12 by means of bearings 9 and is driven by at least one drive 27 for performing a circular movement about the axis of the flat die 4.
  • rollers 5 in the pressing devices 12 are not shown.
  • the rollers 5 are arranged in a fixed position in the pressing devices 12, so that the rollers 5 roll with their surfaces on the rolling surface 19 of the flat die 4 or roll on the biomass 1, which rests on the rolling surface 19.
  • This compression space 2 is bounded laterally by the side walls 1 1.
  • Fig. 2 can be seen in a section of Fig. 1, the pelleting press 3 on a foundation 14, wherein in the schematic sectional view of a press frame 21 with a multi-part press frame, which is arranged from a lower crosshead 7 and two pull tabs 6, wherein in the pull tabs mounted axle 16 of the roller 5 by means of corresponding machine elements, respectively bearing, is movably held.
  • the biomass 1 is pressed through the holes 13 into pellets 10.
  • the flat die 4 driven in this example is supported on the lower crosshead 7 by means of bearings 9.
  • Pressing device 12 and the press racks 21 has priority and has been omitted for reasons of clarity on the representation of obvious and known mechanical system parts.
  • the pressing device 12 on the left side no own upper crosshead 8, as shown in the right-hand illustration.
  • the axis 16 of the roller 5 can take over the function of the upper crosshead 8.
  • multi-part press frame locks or bolts 15, with which they can be disassembled quickly.
  • FIG. 3 shows a side view of a pelleting press 3, such as the pelleting press 3 shown in partial detail in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows a plan view of the distribution device for distributing the biomass 1 onto the individual pressing devices 12.
  • biomass 1 is fed vertically from above to the pelletizing press to encounter a distributor device having a distributor cone 31 and a distributor ring 34 disposed below the distributor cone 31.
  • the biomass 1 is distributed by the distributor cone 31 in order to impinge substantially distributed around the circumference of the distributor cone 31 onto the distributor ring 34 arranged below it.
  • Disposed between the distributor ring 34 and the distributor cone 31 is a scraper arrangement 32 which is provided with one or more scrapers 33 which extend in the radial direction over at least part of the distributor ring 34.
  • Drive means (not shown) are further provided for rotating the scraper assembly 32 so that the at least one scraper 33 brushes over the distributor ring 34.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the pelleting press of FIG. 3, apertures 35 are shown formed in the distributor ring 34 such that biomass 1 is disposed through the apertures 35 below
  • Dosing devices 36 can get. It can also be provided that the openings 35 are designed to be closable in order to interrupt the flow of biomass 1 into a metering device 36 located below the closed opening 35, for example when a pressing device 12 is inoperative or not required. It is preferred that walls 48 are provided which delimit the surface of the distributor ring 34 in the radial direction outwardly and inwardly (not shown), so that a kind of annular trough is formed, in which the particles of the biomass distributed by the distributor cone 31 1 and held in the region of the distribution ring 34. With reference again to FIG. 3, it can be seen that in the region below the distributor device and above the flat die 4 a plurality of
  • Dosing devices 36 and chutes 40 are arranged, wherein each roller 5 and a pressing device 12, a metering device 36 and associated with the metering device 36 and associated with this chute 40 is assigned. It can be metered by a metering device 36 continuously for a roller 5 for pressing certain amount of biomass 1 and fed through the chute 40 of a roller 5.
  • a roller arrangement with a plurality of rollers 38 is arranged in each case, which serve to dose the biomass 1, and preferably also serve to comminute the biomass 1 and / or dissolve.
  • the rollers 38 may be formed, for example, as spoked rollers or as knife rollers.
  • the rollers may also be formed as rollers 38, on the peripheral surfaces in regular patterns projections and / or depressions, in particular in diamond and / or diamond shape, are formed.
  • a storage space 37 is formed above the roller assembly.
  • Biomass 1 which falls through an opening 35 from the distribution ring 34, enters the storage space 37 and can accumulate there before the biomass 1 discharged through the rollers 38 from the storage space 37, metered and discharged into the chute 40.
  • the storage space 37 thus serves as a buffer for biomass 1, so that the metering device 36 is decoupled from the supply of biomass 1 through the distributor device and can meter a steady, uniform stream of biomass 1 and discharge into the chute 40.
  • the storage space 37 and / or the area of the distribution device and / or in the chute 40 may be provided with means for conditioning the biomass 1, such as moistening, vapor deposition, heating, inerting.
  • the chutes 40 are preferably formed with an upper chute section 41 and a lower chute section 42. At the lower end of the lower chute section 42, an outlet opening 45 bounded by a lower outlet edge 46 is formed, through which biomass 1, which flows through the chute 40, is discharged for deposition on the unrolling surface 19.
  • the area of storage of the biomass 1 on the rolling surface 19 in the direction of movement 47 of the flat die 4 in front of an associated roll 5 is shown in greater detail in FIG. 5.
  • the lower outlet edge 46 is arranged at a height h above the flat die 4. The lower outlet edge 46 can thus serve at the same time for leveling residues of biomass 1, which are still on the rolling surface 19.
  • the height h may be designed, for example, as a multiple of the press nip height between the roller 5 and the rolling surface 19, such as less than 2.0 times, less than 1.5 times or less than 1.0 times the press nip height ,
  • the height h can also be zero, so that the lower outlet edge 46 touches directly on or directly above the rolling surface 19 and thus scraps and removes remaining residues of biomass 1 on the rolling surface.
  • the stripped biomass 1 can be returned to the distribution device to be re-dosed one of the rollers 5 to be supplied.
  • the outlet unit 46 opposite to the direction of movement 47 on an oblique structure in order to improve the "clearing effect" of the flat die 4.
  • the lower outlet edge 46 can be arranged in the immediate vicinity of the press nip, for example, in which the outlet edge 46 is in the region between the press nip and a vertical S, which
  • the second chute section 42 has, preferably two arcuately curved,
  • Walls 43, 44 which limit the second chute section 42 on the side facing the roller 5 and on the side facing away from the roller 5, so that a horizontal cross section of the lower chute section 42 tapers in the direction of the particles of the biomass 1.
  • the arcuately curved wall 43 is curved at the lower outlet edge 46 so that a tangent T applied thereto assumes an angle ⁇ with the rolling surface 19 of the flat die 4, which is between 20 ° and 55 °, preferably between 30 ° and 45 ° preferably between 32 ° and 40 °.
  • the angle a as well as the drop height of a respective chute 40, can be so dimensioned that particles of the biomass 1 leaving the outlet opening 45 have a horizontal velocity of between 80 and 120%, preferably between 90% and 110%, in particular approximately 100% of the speed of the rolling surface 19, respectively the flat die 4, with which it moves past the outlet edge 46 past. 1453

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Glanulating (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une presse à granulés ainsi qu'un procédé de fabrication de granulés à partir d'un matériau à comprimer, de préférence à partir de biomasse, destiné à être utilisé comme combustible dans des foyers, tel que des fibres, copeaux ou fragments contenant de la cellulose et/ou de la lignocellulose. Le système comprend une matrice plate et une pluralité de cylindres qui roulent sur la matrice plate afin de forcer la biomasse à passer dans des trous percés dans la matrice plate pour former des granulés par compression. Pour chacun des cylindres, la presse à granulés est équipée d'un dispositif doseur et d'un puits de descente raccordé au dispositif doseur afin de doser et amener la biomasse sur une zone de la matrice plate située devant le cylindre concerné. Un dispositif répartiteur est installé afin de répartir la biomasse introduite dans la presse à granulés et l'amener aux dispositifs doseurs.
PCT/EP2014/059219 2013-05-06 2014-05-06 Presse à granulés et procédé de fabrication de granulés Ceased WO2014180835A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013104632.0 2013-05-06
DE201310104632 DE102013104632A1 (de) 2013-05-06 2013-05-06 Pelletierpresse und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Pellets

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014180835A1 true WO2014180835A1 (fr) 2014-11-13

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ID=50678198

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2014/059219 Ceased WO2014180835A1 (fr) 2013-05-06 2014-05-06 Presse à granulés et procédé de fabrication de granulés

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DE (1) DE102013104632A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014180835A1 (fr)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR891152A (fr) * 1942-07-10 1944-02-29 Olier Sa Ets A Machine à agglomérer
DE2920392A1 (de) * 1979-05-19 1980-11-27 Steag Ag Strangpresse zur herstellung von agglomeraten aus feinkoerniger kohle als einsatzbrennstoff fuer festbettreaktoren, insbesondere druckgasgeneratoren
CS210339B1 (cs) * 1979-02-05 1982-01-29 Ludvik Budicek Zařízení k plnění tvarovacích lisů
EP0391497A1 (fr) * 1989-04-05 1990-10-10 Coöperatieve Landbouwbank Meppel B.A. Procédé pour fabriquer des flacons de fourrage animal, et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé
US5277572A (en) 1992-05-12 1994-01-11 Montcalm Fibre Corporation Densifier for densifying coated paper
EP2241434A2 (fr) 2009-04-13 2010-10-20 Dieffenbacher GmbH + Co. KG Procédé et installation de fabrication de granulés de bois à partir de biomasse dans une masse à granulés destinés à être utilisés comme matériaux combustibles dans des foyers
DE102009051481A1 (de) 2009-10-30 2011-05-05 Dieffenbacher Gmbh + Co. Kg Pelletierpresse zur Herstellung von Pellets

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR891152A (fr) * 1942-07-10 1944-02-29 Olier Sa Ets A Machine à agglomérer
CS210339B1 (cs) * 1979-02-05 1982-01-29 Ludvik Budicek Zařízení k plnění tvarovacích lisů
DE2920392A1 (de) * 1979-05-19 1980-11-27 Steag Ag Strangpresse zur herstellung von agglomeraten aus feinkoerniger kohle als einsatzbrennstoff fuer festbettreaktoren, insbesondere druckgasgeneratoren
EP0391497A1 (fr) * 1989-04-05 1990-10-10 Coöperatieve Landbouwbank Meppel B.A. Procédé pour fabriquer des flacons de fourrage animal, et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé
US5277572A (en) 1992-05-12 1994-01-11 Montcalm Fibre Corporation Densifier for densifying coated paper
EP2241434A2 (fr) 2009-04-13 2010-10-20 Dieffenbacher GmbH + Co. KG Procédé et installation de fabrication de granulés de bois à partir de biomasse dans une masse à granulés destinés à être utilisés comme matériaux combustibles dans des foyers
DE102009051481A1 (de) 2009-10-30 2011-05-05 Dieffenbacher Gmbh + Co. Kg Pelletierpresse zur Herstellung von Pellets

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