WO2014180839A1 - Procédé de fourniture de puissance de réglage à un réseau électrique au moyen d'un accumulateur - Google Patents

Procédé de fourniture de puissance de réglage à un réseau électrique au moyen d'un accumulateur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014180839A1
WO2014180839A1 PCT/EP2014/059225 EP2014059225W WO2014180839A1 WO 2014180839 A1 WO2014180839 A1 WO 2014180839A1 EP 2014059225 W EP2014059225 W EP 2014059225W WO 2014180839 A1 WO2014180839 A1 WO 2014180839A1
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Prior art keywords
power
accumulator
galvanic cells
temperature
elements
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PCT/EP2014/059225
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Georg Markowz
Carsten Kolligs
Wolfgang Deis
Anna FLEMMING
Dennis GAMRAD
Sébastien COCHET
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Evonik Industries AG
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Evonik Industries AG
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy using batteries or super capacitors with converting means
    • H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy using batteries or super capacitors with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/627—Stationary installations, e.g. power plant buffering or backup power supplies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/10—Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for providing control power for a power network with an accumulator and to an apparatus for carrying out such a method.
  • Electricity grids are used to distribute electricity from many energy generators in large areas to many users and to supply households and industry with energy. Energy producers, usually in the form of power plants, provide the required energy. As a rule, power generation is planned and provided based on the forecasted consumption.
  • Both the generation and the consumption of energy can lead to unplanned fluctuations. These can arise on the energy producer side, for example, in that a power plant or part of the power grid fails or, for example, in the case of renewable energies such as wind, that the energy production is higher or lower than predicted. Consumers may also experience unexpectedly high or low consumption. For example, the failure of a portion of the grid, which cuts off some consumers from the power supply, can lead to a sudden reduction in power consumption. This generally results in power network fluctuations due to unplanned and / or short-term variations in power generation and / or consumption.
  • the desired AC frequency is, for example, 50 Hz in Europe.
  • a reduction in consumption compared to the plan results in an increase in the frequency at planned power fed in by the energy producers, as well as an increase in electricity production compared to the planned consumption plan.
  • a reduction in the output of the energy producers compared to the plan leads to a reduction of the network frequency at scheduled consumption, as well as to an increase in consumption compared to the plan at scheduled production.
  • network stability it is necessary to keep these deviations within a defined range. For this purpose, depending on the amount and direction of the deviation, it is necessary to provide specifically positive control power by connecting additional generators or switching off consumers, or negative balancing power by shutting down generators or adding consumers.
  • the absolute maximum power is to be provided at frequency deviations of minus 200 mHz and (absolute) below, the absolute minimum power is to be provided at frequency deviations of plus 200 mHz and above.
  • SRL secondary control power
  • MRL minute reserve power
  • Their task is to compensate for the disturbance as quickly as possible and thus to ensure that the frequency is back within the desired range as quickly as possible, preferably at the latest after 15 minutes.
  • the SRLs and the MRLs have lower requirements (5 or 15 minutes to full service delivery after activation), and at the same time these services must be provided for longer periods than primary control capacity.
  • an energy management system which comprises a power generator and an energy store, wherein the energy store can be charged by the power generator.
  • This will enable an energy producer, who in normal operation does not ensure consistent energy production, such as the increasingly favored renewable energies, such as wind power or photovoltaic power plants, to deliver their energy more evenly into the power grid.
  • the disadvantage of this is that in this way a single power plant can be stabilized, but all other disturbances and fluctuations in the power network can not be intercepted or only to a very limited extent.
  • DE 10 2008 046 747 A1 also proposes operating an energy store in an island power grid in such a way that the energy store is used to compensate for consumption peaks and consumption minima.
  • the disadvantage of this is that the energy storage devices do not have the necessary capacity to compensate for a longer disturbance or a plurality of disturbances rectified with respect to the frequency deviation in succession.
  • Accumulators and other energy stores can absorb or release energy very quickly, making them basically suitable for providing PRL.
  • a disadvantage is that very large capacities of the batteries must be provided in order to deliver the control power over a longer period or repeatedly.
  • very large capacity batteries are also very expensive. Particularly critical here is that the batteries have a limited lifetime, which can be reduced in particular by temperature effects during operation. Accordingly, efforts have been made to improve the life and temperature sensitivity of the batteries. However, these improvements are associated with higher investment because these accumulators are expensive and may possibly have lower performance.
  • the process should be as simple and inexpensive as possible.
  • the installations with which the procedure can be carried out should have the lowest possible investment and maintenance costs in terms of the provision of control capacity.
  • Another object of the invention is to be seen in that the capacity of the energy storage device should be as low as possible in order to provide the required control power.
  • the inventive method should also be able to provide the necessary control power as needed as quickly as possible.
  • the subject of the present invention is accordingly a method for providing control power for a power network, in which at least one battery connected to the power network comprising a plurality of battery elements, each comprising a plurality of individual galvanic cells, temporarily supplying power to the power grid as required and temporarily from the power grid receives electrical power as needed, wherein the accumulator comprises a periphery, via which the power is stored in the galvanic cells or stored out of the galvanic cells, which is characterized in that at a provision of control power at least one accumulator element absorbs power or wherein the accumulator element used to provide the control power or the accumulator elements used to provide the control power depending on the temperature difference between the galvanic cells the accumulator elements and / or the temperature difference between the Akkumulator imageryn and in dependence on the state of charge of the accumulator and / or the Akkumulatorrii is or will be selected.
  • the present invention makes it possible to increase the service life of the accumulators used, as a result of which, among other things, the maintenance costs can be reduced. Furthermore, more cost-effective accumulators can be used by the present invention, without this would have to be taken into account strong losses in terms of life in purchasing. As a result, the investment costs can be reduced accordingly. In particular, can be dispensed with a permanent active air conditioning, which causes high maintenance costs. For every cell technology, there is a temperature window in which the combination of operational and calendar aging becomes minimal. In operation, there is a range of power requirements that dissolve heat in the memory because the battery has a power dissipation.
  • the preferred temperature window can be maintained, for example, by keeping the room temperature, if necessary, by slight heating at the lower end of the optimum temperature window and usually only a part of the accumulator elements (eg individual "blocks" or “strands") being in operation , Should these cells heat up enough to raise their temperature beyond the optimal temperature window, they may be temporarily removed from service and other cells activated.
  • the inventive method is also suitable to provide the necessary control power very quickly. Moreover, the process can be carried out with very few process steps, the same being simple and reproducible.
  • the present method serves to provide control power for stabilizing an AC network.
  • the frequency changes in an AC grid if the balance between energy consumption and energy supply is not maintained.
  • control energy or control power is delivered to the power grid (positive control energy or positive control power) or taken from the mains (negative control energy or negative control power).
  • Positive control power can be supplied by energy supply, such as energy input of an energy storage or by connecting a power plant, or by throttling a consumer in the network.
  • Negative control power may be supplied to the grid by absorbing energy from an energy store, throttling an energy source, such as a power plant, or by connecting a load to the grid. Further important information on this can be found in the prior art, reference being made in particular to the documents discussed in the introduction. In this context, it should be noted that the terms Control power and control energy for the purposes of this invention have a similar meaning content.
  • control power for a given nominal power is provided by the provider to the network operator.
  • the nominal power is to be understood as meaning the power with which the control power source, which is operated by a method according to the invention, is at least prequalified.
  • the prequalification performance may be higher than the nominal power provided to the network operator at maximum.
  • This nominal power can also be referred to as contracted maximum power, as this power is provided to the grid at maximum.
  • the method according to the invention serves to stabilize an AC network.
  • AC grids are characterized by a change in the polarity of the electrical current, with positive and negative instantaneous values complementing each other so that the current is zero on average over time.
  • These networks are generally used for the transmission of electrical energy.
  • the AC grids are operated at a default frequency currently in Europe, especially in Germany, at 50,000 Hz. In North America, however, the default frequency is 60,000 Hz.
  • this default frequency is not fixed, but is slightly varied in order to adapt the so-called network time, which inter alia serves as a clock timer, to the coordinated world time. Consequently, such AC mains operate at a variable default frequency.
  • the default frequency is lowered or increased by 10 mHz depending on the deviation of the mains time, so that the default frequency is currently 49.990 Hz, 50.000 Hz or 50.010 Hz. This adjustment is made centrally by the grid operator and taken into account when using secondary control power (SRL) and minute reserve power (MRL).
  • SRL secondary control power
  • MDL minute reserve power
  • the default frequency for example, to adapt to the world time, slightly varied become. This can be done for example by an active transmission of the corresponding data by the network operator.
  • a dead band is set by the default frequency required for the contractual provision of control power, as stated above.
  • a control power is currently provided in Europe from a certain maximum deviation of the mains frequency (actual AC frequency) from the default frequency (target AC frequency), with a deviation of +/- 200 mHz, in full. In the area between the dead band and the maximum deviation, only a certain proportion of the maximum available control power in Europe is to be fed into the power grid.
  • the type of control power delivery is not critical to the present invention. According to the regulations currently in force in Europe, the amount of the service to be provided is to be increased largely linearly with increasing frequency deviation from the default frequency. Thus, with a deviation of 100 mHz, a control power becomes common 50% of the maximum output. This maximum power is provided at a deviation of 200 mHz and corresponds to the previously defined rated power or contracted maximum power, for which the energy storage is at least prequalified. With a deviation of 50 mHz, accordingly, 25% of the rated power is provided.
  • a unit with a high measuring accuracy can be used to determine the network frequency, in particular the average network frequency.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention can provide that the frequency deviation with an inaccuracy of a maximum of +/- 8 mHz, more preferably of at most +/- 4 mHz, most preferably of at most +/- 2 mHz, especially preferably of a maximum of + / - 1 mHz is measured.
  • an accumulator for carrying out the method is used, which can absorb and deliver electrical energy.
  • Batteries include, in particular, lead-acid batteries, sodium-nickel-chloride accumulators, sodium-sulfur accumulators, nickel-iron accumulators, nickel-cadmium accumulators, nickel-metal hydride accumulators, nickel-hydrogen accumulators, nickel-zinc accumulators, sodium Ion accumulators, potassium ion accumulators and lithium ion accumulators.
  • lead-acid batteries sodium-nickel-chloride accumulators, sodium-sulfur accumulators, nickel-iron accumulators, nickel-cadmium accumulators, nickel-metal hydride accumulators, nickel-hydrogen accumulators, nickel-zinc accumulators, sodium Ion accumulators, potassium ion accumulators and lithium ion accumulators.
  • lead-acid batteries sodium-nickel-chloride accumulators
  • sodium-sulfur accumulators nickel-iron accumulators
  • nickel-cadmium accumulators nickel-metal hydride accumulators
  • accumulators are preferred which have a high efficiency and a high operational and calendar life.
  • the preferred accumulators accordingly include, in particular, lithium ion accumulators (for example lithium polymer accumulators, lithium titanate accumulators, lithium manganese accumulators, lithium iron phosphate accumulators, lithium iron manganese phosphate Accumulators, lithium-iron-yttrium-phosphate accumulators) and developments thereof, such as lithium-air accumulators, lithium-sulfur accumulators and tin-sulfur lithium-ion accumulators.
  • lithium-ion secondary batteries are particularly suitable for methods according to the invention because of their rapid reaction time, that is, both in terms of the response time and the rate at which the power can be increased or reduced.
  • the efficiency is good, especially for Li-ion batteries.
  • preferred accumulators exhibit a high power to capacity ratio, this characteristic being known as the C rate.
  • an energy of at least 4 kWh can be stored in the accumulator, preferably of at least 10 kWh, particularly preferably at least 50 kWh, very particularly preferably at least 250 kWh.
  • the accumulator may have a capacity of at least 1 Ah, preferably 5 Ah, preferably at least 10 Ah, especially preferably at least 20 Ah and particularly preferably at least 50 Ah.
  • the accumulator with a voltage of at least 1 V, preferably at least 10 V and more preferably at least 100 V can be operated.
  • An accumulator which can be used according to the invention comprises a multiplicity of accumulator elements which each comprise a plurality of individual galvanic cells.
  • a galvanic cell is a device for the reversible conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy, wherein this device has at least two half-cells in which run spatially separated redox reactions, which are connected by at least one ion conductor, so that by an electron conductor connecting the at least two half-cells a release or storage of electrical energy is possible.
  • the capacity of the individual galvanic cells may preferably be 1 to 200 Ah, preferably 20 to 80 Ah, more preferably 35 to 45 Ah, the individual galvanic cells having a voltage of 0.5 to 10 V, preferably 2 to 6 V, especially preferably from 3 to 4 V may have.
  • the accumulator comprises a periphery over which the Power is stored in the galvanic cells or expelled from the galvanic cells.
  • a periphery comprises at least one component which enables the control and / or monitoring of states of one or more galvanic cells and / or the transmission of energy into one or more galvanic cells.
  • this includes voltage transformers, components for the measurement and / or regulation of the current intensity and / or the voltage, temperature sensors.
  • each galvanic cell comprises a periphery which makes it possible, for example, to measure and / or regulate the current intensity and / or the voltage. Furthermore, the temperature of at least one galvanic cell and / or the temperature of the periphery can be measured.
  • thermocouple which is arranged between the parallel arranged and parallel-connected two individual galvanic cells.
  • An accumulator element is a combination of several galvanic cells.
  • each accumulator element may comprise a periphery, wherein the temperature of at least a part of the galvanic cells of the accumulator element and / or the temperature of at least part of the periphery is measured.
  • a plurality of galvanic cells for power consumption or power output can be combined in a block operated as accumulator element, wherein each block preferably comprises 2 to 400, more preferably 4 to 200 galvanic cells.
  • a block is a specific embodiment of an accumulator element, wherein a plurality of galvanic cells are combined via series and / or parallel connection.
  • an easily replaceable Component are provided, which has a suitable voltage range and / or a suitable current.
  • a plurality of galvanic cells for power consumption or power output can be operated in one block, wherein each block preferably comprises 4 to 100, more preferably 8 to 50 galvanic cells and a plurality of blocks form a strand as Akkumulatorelement, each strand preferably 2 bis 100, more preferably 4 to 50 blocks.
  • a string is a specific embodiment of an accumulator element, wherein a plurality of galvanic cells are connected in series via a series connection in such a way that a voltage is achieved in a region which corresponds to that of the external voltage range of the accumulator.
  • the strand may preferably be constructed of blocks.
  • the accumulator elements preferably the previously defined strands of a rechargeable battery
  • the accumulator elements can be based on various types of rechargeable battery defined in advance, such that, for example, one or more strands comprise lithium-ion cells and one or more strands have cells corresponding to those of lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries and / or nickel metal hydride batteries.
  • a plurality, particularly preferably all blocks and / or strands of the accumulator can be controlled and / or regulated independently of one another.
  • certain individual galvanic cells of the totality of all galvanic cells can be internally selected to provide control power. It can be provided that the method is carried out taking into account all galvanic cells of the accumulator.
  • Inventive methods can be characterized in that the state of charge of each accumulator element of the accumulator is measured, preferably by a battery management system.
  • At least one accumulator element when providing control power, at least one accumulator element receives or outputs power, the accumulator element used to provide the control power or the accumulator elements used to provide the control power depending on the temperature difference between the galvanic cells of the accumulator elements and / or the temperature difference between the accumulator elements and in dependence on the state of charge of the accumulator and / or the accumulator elements is or will be selected.
  • the power loss of the individual galvanic cells has values of at most 15%, preferably at most 10%, particularly preferably at most 5%, based on the rated power of the individual galvanic cells.
  • the temperatures of the galvanic cells and / or the accumulator elements can be controlled or regulated via the power loss during and / or out, since the internal resistance depends on the temperature as well as on the state of charge.
  • the energy is stored in colder galvanic cells and / or accumulator elements, so that the temperature of colder galvanic cells and / or accumulator elements by preferably in the recording of control power in the accumulator higher power loss is increased.
  • the control output of galvanic cells and / or Akkumulatorelennenten is delivered in the delivery of control power, which have a temperature which leads to the lowest possible power loss. Since the power loss drops at higher temperatures, those galvanic cells and / or accumulator elements which have a higher temperature are then used.
  • the accumulator elements and / or the galvanic cells are selected in a provision of control power so that the temperature difference between the Akkumulatorettin and / or the galvanic cells is minimized.
  • the lowest temperature accumulator element can be selected, as this can generate heat that results in a reduction in the temperature difference between this accumulator element and other accumulator elements.
  • the temperature of the accumulator element can be measured at different locations, wherein an arithmetic mean obtained from these temperatures can be formed. For this purpose, the temperatures of at least part of the galvanic cells associated with this accumulator element can be determined.
  • the minimization of the temperature difference between the accumulator elements can take place in that the accumulator element with the highest temperature, if appropriate determined by averaging and the Akkumulatorelement is selected, which is spatially maximally removed from the Akkumulatorelement with the highest temperature and a temperature which is less than or equal to the average temperature of all Akkumulatoriata.
  • the selection of the accumulator elements used to provide the control power of the temperature difference between the galvanic Cells of Akkumulatoriata done.
  • the accumulator elements can be used, the galvanic cells have the lowest possible temperature difference, in which case the selection criteria set out above for the temperature difference between the accumulator elements can additionally be taken into account.
  • an accumulator element can be selected to provide the control power whose galvanic cells have a maximum temperature difference of 10 ° C., preferably 5 ° C.
  • the galvanic cells are operated in a temperature range from -20 to 80.degree. C., preferably from 0 to 60.degree. C., particularly preferably from 20 to 40.degree.
  • an active temperature control of the accumulator elements and / or the galvanic cells can take place.
  • the absolute level of the control power is dependent on the capacity of the accumulator and / or the accumulator elements, wherein the expediency of an active cooling may result from the temperature rise and / or the absolute temperature of one or more accumulator elements.
  • active cooling of the accumulator elements and / or the galvanic cells can take place.
  • the limit of this temperature of the accumulator elements and / or the galvanic cells is dependent on the type of galvanic cells.
  • the temperature of the galvanic cells or the Akkumulatorieri can, in particular at high power and power sales, by means of active cooling, in particular by lowering the coolant temperature of a coolant or by a stronger coolant flow are adjusted or regulated so that they are below a maximum temperature of 120 ° C. , preferably of 100 ° C, more preferably of 80 ° C remains, these values are for example for lithium batteries.
  • Active cooling may generally be useful at a temperature of the accumulator elements and / or the galvanic cells of preferably at least 60 ° C, more preferably at least 75 ° C.
  • These temperature data can be, for example, a measured Maximum temperature, based on all measured temperatures, or to an arithmetic mean, based on the number of measured temperatures, wherein the temperature data preferably refer to a measured maximum temperature.
  • it can be provided that with a mean absolute deviation of the temperature of the accumulator elements and / or the galvanic cells smaller than a limit value and a mean temperature of the accumulator elements above a limit, active cooling of the accumulator elements and / or the galvanic cells takes place.
  • the arithmetic mean of the measured temperatures is determined for determining the average temperature of the accumulator elements.
  • the mean absolute deviation of the temperature results from the absolute values (amounts) of the difference between the average temperature of the accumulator elements and the respective measured temperature of the accumulator element and / or the galvanic cells by the arithmetic mean of the obtained differences of these absolute values.
  • the limit value with regard to the mean absolute deviation of the temperature of the accumulator elements and / or the galvanic cells as well as the limit value with respect to the mean temperature depend on the respective accumulator type.
  • the minimum limit with regard to the mean absolute deviation of the temperature of the accumulator elements and / or the galvanic cells may be for example at most 10 ° C., preferably at most 5 ° C.
  • the limit value with respect to the mean temperature may be, for example, at least 70 ° C., preferably at least 80 ° C., and particularly preferably at least 85 ° C. in the case of lithium accumulators.
  • the accumulator elements and / or the galvanic cells are heated.
  • the temperature of the galvanic cells or the accumulator elements in particular at low power and power sales, by means of active heating, in particular by providing a temperature of a heating means or by a stronger Schuffenbach press Kunststoffe and / or by charge shifts between the galvanic cells such is set or regulated that it remains above a minimum temperature of - 10 ° C, preferably of 0 ° C, more preferably of + 10 ° C.
  • These temperature data may relate, for example, to a measured minimum temperature, based on all measured temperatures, or to an arithmetic mean, based on the number of measured temperatures, wherein the temperature data preferably relate to a measured minimum temperature.
  • a positive control power is fed through selected individual Akkumulator emulate in the power grid, the state of charge are above a first limit and / or at a control energy request a negative control power through selected individual Akkumulatorimplantation from the Power supply is removed and stored when their state of charge are below a second threshold, the two limits particularly preferably define the desired mean state of charge.
  • the selection of the accumulator elements used to provide the control power is effected as a function of the state of charge of the accumulator and / or of the accumulator elements.
  • this selection criterion ensures that the previously explained selection, which is based on the temperature difference of the accumulator elements and / or the galvanic cells, can provide the requested power, wherein a lower critical state of charge should not be undershot, since this shortens the life of the galvanic cells can be.
  • the accumulator elements and / or the galvanic cells have a state of charge of at least 5%, preferably at least 10% and particularly preferably at least 20%, if positive control power is to be provided and at most 95%, preferably at most 90%, and more preferably at most 80%, if negative control power is necessary to stabilize the power grid.
  • a hydrogen-based energy storage system designates a system which can supply hydrogen from electricity and generate electrical energy from hydrogen.
  • an energy storage system based on hydrogen comprises at least one hydrogen storage.
  • the preferred systems for generating hydrogen from electricity include in particular electrolysis units.
  • the generation of electrical energy from hydrogen can be carried out, for example, with a fuel cell, a turbine, for example a gas turbine or a hydrogen engine, these units sometimes operating a generator.
  • a fuel cell for example a fuel cell
  • a turbine for example a gas turbine or a hydrogen engine
  • the type of hydrogen storage is not critical, so that for this purpose a pressure tank, a liquid gas storage or a chemical storage can be used.
  • a flywheel, a heat accumulator, a natural gas generator with gas power plant, a pumped storage power plant, a compressed air storage power plant and / or a superconducting magnetic energy storage is used as energy storage, which does not represent an electrochemical element, or combinations ("pools") of Save or save with conventional control power sources or from storage with consumers and / or power generators.
  • a heat storage device operated as an energy store must be operated together with a device for producing electricity from the stored heat energy.
  • the method may be performed with an additional control power provider.
  • Additional control power supplies in this context are devices that can provide control power, but that do not represent energy storage.
  • the additional providers of control services include, in particular, energy producers and energy consumers.
  • a power plant is used as an energy generator, preferably a coal power plant, a gas power plant or a hydroelectric power plant and / or a plant for producing a substance is used as an energy consumer, in particular an electrolysis plant or a metal -Werk, preferably one Aluminum plant or a steel plant.
  • Such energy producers and consumers are well-suited to providing longer-term balancing services.
  • Their inertia does not constitute a hindrance if suitably combined with dynamic storage.
  • the nominal power of the energy storage can be surprisingly increased without the capacity of the same must be increased.
  • the energy storage can be provided by the additional control power provider even with a high network load in a very short time if needed, without a lengthy energy trading is necessary.
  • a relatively high capacity can be delivered at a relatively low capacity of the memory, which can generally be delivered only for a short period of time. Due to the direct access to the additional control power provider, the latter can provide or substitute the control power actually to be provided by the energy store after a short time.
  • a regeneration of the energy storage by the energy or power of the additional control power provider can be carried out.
  • the energy storage contributes to the quality of the control power delivery, as a result, a fast response time is achieved.
  • the additional control power contributor mainly contributes to the quantity, since this at relative low cost over a design-related, significantly longer time control power can deliver.
  • the energy generator and / or the energy consumer has or have a power of at least 10 kW individually or in the pool, preferably at least 100 kW, more preferably at least 1 MW and most preferably at least 10 MW.
  • the ratio of rated power of the energy storage device to maximum power of the additional control power supply may preferably be in the range of 1: 10,000 to 100: 1, more preferably in the range of 1: 1000 to 40: 1.
  • the rated power of the energy storage refers to the total power, which have all the elements of the energy storage, and energy storage, which do not represent an electrochemical element, are taken into account.
  • accumulators are among the energy stores.
  • the desired state of charge of the accumulator may preferably be in the range of 20 to 80% of the capacity, more preferably in the range of 40 to 60%.
  • the state of charge corresponds in particular in the case of accumulators as an energy storage the state of charge (engl.:State-of-Charge ", SoC) or the energy content (English:" State-of-Energie ", SoE).
  • the state of charge can be determined via the energy exchange, which can be estimated by unloading and charging processes by appropriate methods or can be measured directly.
  • the necessary measuring devices are commercially available, the state of charge can be measured continuously or at intervals.
  • the desired state of charge of the accumulator may depend on forecast data.
  • consumption data can be used to determine the optimum state of charge, which depends on the time of day, the day of the week and / or the season.
  • the method of the present invention may preferably be performed with a device comprising at least one accumulator, a controller for controlling the stored and stored power of the accumulator elements, and means for measuring the temperature of two or more of the accumulator elements, the accumulator is connected to a power supply that can be fed by the device power in the mains and can be removed from the mains.
  • the device comprises a frequency meter for measuring the mains frequency of the power network and a data memory, wherein in the memory at least one limit (for example, default frequency +/- 10 mHz, default frequency +/- 200 mHz, etc.) of the network frequency is stored, wherein the controller is adapted to compare the mains frequency with the at least one threshold and to control depending on the comparison, the performance of the accumulator and optionally another energy storage device, an energy consumer and / or an energy generator. In this case, this controller can also control the power of the at least two accumulator elements of the accumulator.
  • the memory at least one limit (for example, default frequency +/- 10 mHz, default frequency +/- 200 mHz, etc.) of the network frequency is stored
  • the controller is adapted to compare the mains frequency with the at least one threshold and to control depending on the comparison, the performance of the accumulator and optionally another energy storage device, an energy consumer and / or an energy generator.
  • this controller can also control the power of the at least two
  • this control system responds to a subsystem, in particular a management system, which regulates the respective power of the at least two accumulator elements of the accumulator to the total power requested by the superordinate control, optionally taking into account the previously described preferred embodiments of the present method.
  • a control according to the invention is understood in the present case a simple control.
  • each control comprises a control, as in a control, a control in dependence on a difference of an actual value to a desired value takes place.
  • the controller is thus designed as a control, in particular with respect to the state of charge.
  • the controller is a control system.
  • the accumulator can be housed in a housing and / or a container, which allows a controlled passive cooling, wherein a controlled passive cooling can be achieved for example by controllable flaps, which increases the air flow at a high temperature and a reduction allow the air flow at a low temperature.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention for the provision of control power.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of a preferred embodiment of a device 10 according to the invention for a method according to the invention comprising a controller 1 1 and an accumulator 12 with a peripheral, via which the power is stored in the galvanic cells or stored out of the galvanic cells. Furthermore, the device is connected to a power grid 14.
  • the accumulator 12 comprises a plurality of accumulator elements 12a, 12b to 12n, each comprising a plurality of individual galvanic cells.
  • the periphery of the accumulator 12 may have a management system (battery management system) which controls the loading or unloading of the individual accumulator elements 12a, 12b to 12n.
  • This Management system is generally connected to the controller 1 1.
  • this management system can be spatially separated from the controller 1 1 or housed with this in a housing.
  • Li-ion batteries with little harmful effects on the battery 12 are quickly and frequently charged and discharged, so that they are particularly suitable and preferred for all embodiments according to the invention.
  • Li-ion batteries can be provided with considerable capacity. For example, these are easily accommodated in one or more 40-foot ISO containers.
  • the controller 1 1 is connected to the accumulator 12.
  • the controller 1 1 may be connected to the power grid 14, this connection, not shown in Figure 1, a transmission of requests for required control power, both positive and negative, may allow.
  • each of the accumulator elements 12a, 12b, ..., 12n at least one thermocouple (not shown) is arranged, with which the temperature of the accumulator elements 12a, 12b, ..., 12n and / or the temperature of the galvanic cells, the each accumulator 12a, 12b, ..., 12n includes, is measurable or is measured.
  • the thermocouples are connected to the controller 1 1.
  • other temperature measuring elements can be used.
  • a thermocouple or temperature measuring element between two adjacent accumulator elements 12a, 12b, ..., 12n is arranged.
  • the control 1 1 controls the charging and discharging of the individual accumulator elements 12a, 12b,..., 12n, the selection of the accumulator elements 12a, 12b,..., 12n depending on the temperature of the accumulator elements 12a, 12b,. .., 12n or whose galvanic cells have. Since the temperature of the accumulator 12a, 12b, ..., 12n and the galvanic cells of the accumulator 12a, 12b, ..., 12n increases by a charging or discharging and depending on the isolation between the individual Akkumulatoriata 12a, 12b, ..
  • the embodiment set forth in Figure 1 comprises an additional power generator and / or power consumer 16, which in the present invention is an optional component.
  • the additional power generator and / or energy consumer 16 is connected both to the power grid 14 and to the accumulator 12, so that the control power provided by the additional power generator and / or energy consumer 16 can be fed directly into the power grid 14 or for the regeneration of the accumulator 12 can be used.
  • the control of the additional power generator and / or energy consumer 16 may be effected by conventional components, which may be in communication with the controller 1 1 of the device 10 according to the invention. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fourniture de puissance de réglage à un réseau électrique dans lequel au moins un accumulateur raccordé au réseau électrique, comprenant une pluralité d'éléments accumulateurs équipés chacun d'une pluralité de cellules galvaniques individuelles, injecte par intermittence de la puissance électrique dans le réseau électrique en fonction des besoins et prélève par intermittence de la puissance électrique à partir du réseau électrique en fonction des besoins. L'accumulateur comprend un équipement périphérique par le biais duquel la puissance est injectée dans les cellules galvaniques ou extraite de celles-ci. Lors d'une fourniture de puissance de réglage, au moins un élément accumulateur prélève ou délivre de la puissance. Le ou les éléments accumulateurs utilisés pour fournir la puissance de réglage sont sélectionnés en fonction de la différence de température entre les cellules galvaniques des éléments accumulateurs et/ou entre les éléments accumulateurs et en fonction de l'état de charge de l'accumulateur et/ou des éléments accumulateurs. La présente invention concerne en outre un dispositif permettant la mise en œuvre du présent procédé.
PCT/EP2014/059225 2013-05-07 2014-05-06 Procédé de fourniture de puissance de réglage à un réseau électrique au moyen d'un accumulateur Ceased WO2014180839A1 (fr)

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CN115431810A (zh) * 2022-10-27 2022-12-06 永联智慧能源科技(常熟)有限公司 一种电流控制方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质

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