WO2014197694A1 - Compositions de sorgho en granulés et compressées riches en drêches de distillerie avec solubles (dds) - Google Patents

Compositions de sorgho en granulés et compressées riches en drêches de distillerie avec solubles (dds) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014197694A1
WO2014197694A1 PCT/US2014/041092 US2014041092W WO2014197694A1 WO 2014197694 A1 WO2014197694 A1 WO 2014197694A1 US 2014041092 W US2014041092 W US 2014041092W WO 2014197694 A1 WO2014197694 A1 WO 2014197694A1
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Prior art keywords
sorghum
ddgs
weight
oil
pellet
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Ceased
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PCT/US2014/041092
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English (en)
Inventor
Scott A. STAGGENBORG
Michael R. Thomas
John C. Steffens
Gregory M. ZINKL
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Chromatin Inc
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Chromatin Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to the field of compressed compositions using dried distiller grains (DDGS), such as pellets, including feed pellets for livestock, and lick tubs.
  • DDGS dried distiller grains
  • Feed pelletizing is conventionally an extrusion type thermoplastic molding operation in which finely divided particles of a feed ration are formed into compact, easily handled and transported pellets.
  • Dried distillers grain is a by-product of ethanol production.
  • DDGS results from the process of converting corn into ethanol.
  • DDGS may be used for a variety of purposes, such as fodder for livestock because of its high nutritional value.
  • DDGS have some properties that make them less than desirable as a livestock feed.
  • non-pelletized DDGS risk spoilage when spread on the ground as feed and exposed to the weather.
  • Second, DDGS transportation of loose granular DDGS is difficult because of caking that occurs as a result of moisture adsorption on the particle surface, or due to variability in the proportions of wet DG and condensed distillers solubles mixed prior to drying.
  • Sorghum Sorghum
  • Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a tropical grass that can be grouped into three basic types: (i) grain, (ii) forage, and (iii) sweet sorghum (Monk, 1980). Over 22,000 varieties of sorghum exist throughout the world (Jackson and al, 1980). Sorghum-sudangrass hybrids are intermediate in plant size between sorghum and sudangrass. Yield is generally less than for forage sorghums but similar to slightly higher than sudangrass. It can be used for hay, haylage, green-chop, and pasture. Sudangrass grows from 4 - 7 feet tall, has leaves about 1/2 inch wide and stems about 1/4 inch in diameter. It can be harvested as pasture, green chop, hay, or silage. The smaller stems give it better drying characteristics than other sorghums for hay making. Hybrids are available that are slightly larger and higher yielding (Undersander and Lane, 2001). Sorghum is indigenous to Africa.
  • Sorghum has many advantageous biological characteristics, including a high photosynthetic rate and high drought tolerance. Sorghum can grow under intense light and heat. In addition, sorghum plants have a waxy surface which reduces internal moisture loss and facilitates drought resistance.
  • Sorghum can be made into pellets (Swanson, 2010).
  • dehydrated sorghum meal can be mixed with molasses as a binder, in proportions of 20%, 30%, 40%, and 60% molasses, where it was found that 30% was optimal for producing a dry feed that was not sticky or pack together (Swanson, 2010).
  • Proteins can also be added to such pellets, which are usually a half inch or less in thickness (Swanson, 2010).
  • Sorghums, sorghum-sudangrass hybrids and sudangrasses grown for forage are most appropriately compared with corn silage in feed value.
  • Table 1 lists representative feed values for the various classes of sorghum and sudangrass forages. Corn silage is also included in this table for reference.
  • Table 2 shows the values of Table 1 as a percentage of corn silage.
  • Pellets and cubes are ideal for feedlot applications because their density and durability allow them to be handled with existing equipment used to handle ground livestock feed. The higher densities lower transportation and handling costs compared with loose DDGS. Product density and durability for range animal feeding are important as these products are used to supplement grazing animals. The ability to deliver a pellet that can withstand increased handling and transport is important. Lick tubs are desired because they not only deliver the higher quality feed, but are self- regulating in terms of animal intake based on their density. Because of this, tubs can be distributed throughout a pasture and animals will self-feed until the material is exhausted.
  • DDGS have been pelletized.
  • the pellets or range cubes are formed by compressing dried grains with the addition of binder materials or supplements that help the resulting pellet become dense and cohesive.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,996,065 "MOLASSES-FREE CHEMICALLY REACTIVE BIN DER FOR AN IMAL FEED," discusses a feed pellet composition with binders to replace molasses binders.
  • the use of corn cob, DDGS and dried distillers grains with solubles are mentioned as examples for possible pellet ingredients.
  • the ratio of ingredients is, on a w/w dry matter basis,: about 30-50% milled biomass, about 45-65% dried distillers grains, less than about 6% distillers solubles, and about less than around 2.5% binder (such as molasses, lignin sulfate, and sodium bentonite).
  • binder such as molasses, lignin sulfate, and sodium bentonite.
  • Grain Sorghum - silage 30 50 1.31 0.74 7.5 3.0 0.35 0.21 1.37 n/a 38
  • pellets are prepared from piles of bagasse that are 10 to 20 feet high, and pressure is applied at 35 psi to 60 psi.
  • US Patent No. 4,236,897 discloses high heating value, fuel pellets comprising from about 50 to about 99% by weight natural cellulosic material and from about 1 to about 50% by weight synthetic polymeric thermoplastic material.
  • the synthetic thermoplastic material is uniformly distributed throughout the fuel pellet.
  • the thermoplastic material is solid at room temperature and has an injection molding temperature of at least 200 °F.
  • Such a pellet can be prepared in a pelletizer where the temperature of the pellet as it emerges from the die is from about 150 to about 250 °F.
  • a thermoplastic material such as polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylonitrile- butadienestyrene, acetal copolymer, acetal homopolymer, acrylic, polybutylene, and combinations thereof, which are often derived from petroleum, and can be toxic to handle at different stages of processing and unsuitable for animal feed.
  • WO2013036647 discloses pellets comprising a sorghum material, such as a sweet sorghum material; the pellets are highly combustible and comprise woody materials in addition to the sorghum materials.
  • US Patent Application Publication No. 20070084385 discloses methods and devices for pelletizing unprocessed cellulosic fibrous material, such as sweet sorghum bagasse, into combustible fuel pellets.
  • the invention is directed to a compressed composition
  • a compressed composition comprising 30% to 60% by weight DDGS; 30% to 60% by weight sorghum; and 1% to 10% by weight oil, wherein the sum of the DDGS and the sorghum do not exceed 99% by weight.
  • the compressed composition comprises 45% to 47% by weight dried distiller grain (DDGS); 45% to 47% by weight sorghum; and 6% to 10% by weight oil.
  • the DDGS can result from the manufacture of ethanol.
  • the DDGS may be from corn, sorghum, wheat, rye, barley, quinoa, or oat DDGS.
  • the sorghum can be a forage, sweet, or a grain sorghum, or combinations thereof.
  • the sorghum can be engineered to express at least one enzyme.
  • the sorghum can be processed before being comprised into such compositions, wherein such preprocessing comprises extracting juice from the sorghum or cutting, chopping, grinding, or adding to the sorghum at least one enzyme, an organic agent, an inorganic agent, a microbe, or an engineered microbe to the sorghum.
  • the sorghum can comprise bagasse or stover.
  • the oil can comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of corn, canola, sorghum, olive, flax, cottonseed, peanut, safflower, sesame, soy, palm, fish, soy, canola, sunflower, palm, nut, and vegetable oils; animal fat and restaurant grease.
  • the compressed composition can further comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of a pharmaceutical, a micronutrient, a mineral, a vitamin, plant material, grains, oilseed meals, milk products, wheat middlings, wheat bran, rice bran, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, molasses, rice mill byproduct, amino acids, antioxidants, tocochromanols, tocopherols, coccidostats, feed additives, yeasts, buffers, organic acids, mycotoxin inhibitors, clays, and alumina.
  • a pharmaceutical a micronutrient, a mineral, a vitamin, plant material, grains, oilseed meals, milk products, wheat middlings, wheat bran, rice bran, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, molasses, rice mill byproduct, amino acids, antioxidants, tocochromanols, tocopherols, coccidostats, feed additives, yeasts, buffers, organic acids, mycotoxin inhibitors, clays, and alumina.
  • the DDGS comprise 47% by weight; the sorghum comprises 47% by weight; and the oil comprises 6% by weight; the DDGS can comprise corn DDGS, and the oil can comprise corn oil; or, the DDGS can comprise sorghum DDGS, and the oil can comprise grain sorghum oil.
  • Such compressed compositions can be in the form of pellets or lick tubs. Such compressed compositions can be made by mixing the DDGS, sorghum and oil, heating the mixture to approximately 200 °F and either extruding the mixture to make a pellet, or subjecting the mixture in a vessel to a pressure exceeding at least 2000 psi for 15-20 minutes.
  • the invention is directed to methods of making compressed compositions, wherein the compressed composition comprises 30% to 60% by weight DDGS; 30% to 60% by weight sorghum; and 1% to 10% by weight oil, wherein the sum of the DDGS and the sorghum do not exceed 99% by weight.
  • the compressed composition comprises 45% to 47% by weight dried distiller grain (DDGS); 45% to 47% by weight sorghum; and 6% to 10% by weight oil.
  • the DDGS can result from the manufacture of ethanol.
  • the DDGS may be from corn, sorghum, wheat, rye, barley, quinoa, or oat DDGS.
  • the sorghum can be a forage, sweet, or a grain sorghum, or combinations thereof.
  • the sorghum can be engineered to express at least one enzyme.
  • the sorghum can be processed before being comprised into such methods, wherein such preprocessing comprises extracting juice from the sorghum or cutting, chopping, grinding, or adding to the sorghum at least one enzyme, an organic agent, an inorganic agent, a microbe, or an engineered microbe to the sorghum.
  • the sorghum can comprise bagasse or stover.
  • the oil can comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of corn, canola, sorghum, olive, flax, cottonseed, peanut, safflower, sesame, soy, palm, fish, soy, canola, sunflower, palm, nut, and vegetable oils; animal fat and restaurant grease.
  • the compressed composition can further comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of a pharmaceutical, a micronutrient, a mineral, a vitamin, plant material, grains, oilseed meals, milk products, wheat middlings, wheat bran, rice bran, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, molasses, rice mill byproduct, amino acids, antioxidants, tocochromanols, tocopherols, coccidostats, feed additives, yeasts, buffers, organic acids, mycotoxin inhibitors, clays, and alumina.
  • a pharmaceutical a micronutrient, a mineral, a vitamin, plant material, grains, oilseed meals, milk products, wheat middlings, wheat bran, rice bran, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, molasses, rice mill byproduct, amino acids, antioxidants, tocochromanols, tocopherols, coccidostats, feed additives, yeasts, buffers, organic acids, mycotoxin inhibitors, clays, and alumina.
  • the DDGS comprise 47% by weight; the sorghum comprises 47% by weight; and the oil comprises 6% by weight; the DDGS can comprise corn DDGS, and the oil can comprise corn oil; or, the DDGS can comprise sorghum DDGS, and the oil can comprise grain sorghum oil.
  • Such compressed compositions can be in the form of pellets or lick tubs. Such compressed compositions can be made by mixing the DDGS, sorghum and oil, heating the mixture to approximately 200 °F and either extruding the mixture to make a pellet, or subjecting the mixture in a vessel to a pressure exceeding at least 2000 psi for 15-20 minutes.
  • the invention is directed to a pellet or lick tub comprising 30% to 60% by weight DDGS; 30% to 60% by weight sorghum; and 1% to 10% by weight oil, wherein the sum of the DDGS and the sorghum do not exceed 99% by weight.
  • the pellet or lick tub comprises 45% to 47% by weight dried distiller grain (DDGS); 45% to 47% by weight sorghum; and 6% to 10% by weight oil.
  • the DDGS can result from the manufacture of ethanol.
  • the DDGS may be from corn, sorghum, wheat, rye, barley, quinoa, or oat DDGS.
  • the sorghum can be a forage, sweet, or a grain sorghum, or combinations thereof.
  • the sorghum can be engineered to express at least one enzyme.
  • the sorghum can be processed before being comprised into such compositions, wherein such preprocessing comprises extracting juice from the sorghum or cutting, chopping, grinding, or adding to the sorghum at least one enzyme, an organic agent, an inorganic agent, a microbe, or an engineered microbe to the sorghum.
  • the sorghum can comprise bagasse or stover.
  • the oil can comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of corn, canola, sorghum, olive, flax, cottonseed, peanut, safflower, sesame, soy, palm, fish, soy, canola, sunflower, palm, nut, and vegetable oils; animal fat and restaurant grease.
  • the pellet or lick tub can further comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of a pharmaceutical, a micronutrient, a mineral, a vitamin, plant material, grains, oilseed meals, milk products, wheat middlings, wheat bran, rice bran, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, molasses, rice mill byproduct, amino acids, antioxidants, tocochromanols, tocopherols, coccidostats, feed additives, yeasts, buffers, organic acids, mycotoxin inhibitors, clays, and alumina.
  • a pharmaceutical a micronutrient, a mineral, a vitamin, plant material, grains, oilseed meals, milk products, wheat middlings, wheat bran, rice bran, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, molasses, rice mill byproduct, amino acids, antioxidants, tocochromanols, tocopherols, coccidostats, feed additives, yeasts, buffers, organic acids, mycotoxin inhibitors, clays, and alumina.
  • the DDGS comprise 47% by weight; the sorghum comprises 47% by weight; and the oil comprises 6% by weight; the DDGS can comprise corn DDGS, and the oil can comprise corn oil; or, the DDGS can comprise sorghum DDGS, and the oil can comprise grain sorghum oilSuch pellets or lick tubs can be made by mixing the DDGS, sorghum and oil, heating the mixture to approximately 200 °F and either extruding the mixture to make a pellet, or subjecting the mixture in a vessel to a pressure exceeding at least 2000 psi for 15-20 minutes.
  • the invention is directed to methods of making a pellet or lick tub, wherein the pellet or lick tub comprises 30% to 60% by weight DDGS; 30% to 60% by weight sorghum; and 1% to 10% by weight oil, wherein the sum of the DDGS and the sorghum do not exceed 99% by weight.
  • the pellet or lick tub comprises 45% to 47% by weight dried distiller grain (DDGS); 45% to 47% by weight sorghum; and 6% to 10% by weight oil.
  • the DDGS can result from the manufacture of ethanol.
  • the DDGS may be from corn, sorghum, wheat, rye, barley, quinoa, or oat DDGS.
  • the sorghum can be a forage, sweet, or a grain sorghum, or combinations thereof.
  • the sorghum can be engineered to express at least one enzyme.
  • the sorghum can be processed before being comprised into such compositions, wherein such preprocessing comprises extracting juice from the sorghum or cutting, chopping, grinding, or adding to the sorghum at least one enzyme, an organic agent, an inorganic agent, a microbe, or an engineered microbe to the sorghum.
  • the sorghum can comprise bagasse or stover.
  • the oil can comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of corn, canola, sorghum, olive, flax, cottonseed, peanut, safflower, sesame, soy, palm, fish, soy, canola, sunflower, palm, nut, and vegetable oils; animal fat and restaurant grease.
  • the pellet or lick tub can further comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of a pharmaceutical, a micronutrient, a mineral, a vitamin, plant material, grains, oilseed meals, milk products, wheat middlings, wheat bran, rice bran, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, molasses, rice mill byproduct, amino acids, antioxidants, tocochromanols, tocopherols, coccidostats, feed additives, yeasts, buffers, organic acids, mycotoxin inhibitors, clays, and alumina.
  • a pharmaceutical a micronutrient, a mineral, a vitamin, plant material, grains, oilseed meals, milk products, wheat middlings, wheat bran, rice bran, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, molasses, rice mill byproduct, amino acids, antioxidants, tocochromanols, tocopherols, coccidostats, feed additives, yeasts, buffers, organic acids, mycotoxin inhibitors, clays, and alumina.
  • the DDGS comprise 47% by weight; the sorghum comprises 47% by weight; and the oil comprises 6% by weight; the DDGS can comprise corn DDGS, and the oil can comprise corn oil; or, the DDGS can comprise sorghum DDGS, and the oil can comprise grain sorghum oil.
  • Such pellets or lick tubs can be made by mixing the DDGS, sorghum and oil, heating the mixture to approximately 200 °F and either extruding the mixture to make a pellet, or subjecting the mixture in a vessel to a pressure exceeding at least 2000 psi for 15-20 minutes.
  • the invention is directed to methods of feeding livestock, comprising feeding the livestock a compressed composition comprising 30% to 60% by weight DDGS; 30% to 60% by weight sorghum; and 1% to 10% by weight oil, wherein the sum of the DDGS and the sorghum do not exceed 99% by weight.
  • the compressed composition comprises 45% to 47% by weight dried distiller grain (DDGS); 45% to 47% by weight sorghum; and 6% to 10% by weight oil.
  • the DDGS can result from the manufacture of ethanol.
  • the DDGS may be from corn, sorghum, wheat, rye, barley, quinoa, or oat DDGS.
  • the sorghum can be a forage, sweet, or a grain sorghum, or combinations thereof.
  • the sorghum can be engineered to express at least one enzyme.
  • the sorghum can be processed before being comprised into such methods, wherein such preprocessing comprises extracting juice from the sorghum or cutting, chopping, grinding, or adding to the sorghum at least one enzyme, an organic agent, an inorganic agent, a microbe, or an engineered microbe to the sorghum.
  • the sorghum can comprise bagasse or stover.
  • the oil can comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of corn, canola, sorghum, olive, flax, cottonseed, peanut, safflower, sesame, soy, palm, fish, soy, canola, sunflower, palm, nut, and vegetable oils; animal fat and restaurant grease.
  • the compressed composition can further comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of a pharmaceutical, a micronutrient, a mineral, a vitamin, plant material, grains, oilseed meals, milk products, wheat middlings, wheat bran, rice bran, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, molasses, rice mill byproduct, amino acids, antioxidants, tocochromanols, tocopherols, coccidostats, feed additives, yeasts, buffers, organic acids, mycotoxin inhibitors, clays, and alumina.
  • a pharmaceutical a micronutrient, a mineral, a vitamin, plant material, grains, oilseed meals, milk products, wheat middlings, wheat bran, rice bran, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, molasses, rice mill byproduct, amino acids, antioxidants, tocochromanols, tocopherols, coccidostats, feed additives, yeasts, buffers, organic acids, mycotoxin inhibitors, clays, and alumina.
  • the DDGS comprise 47% by weight; the sorghum comprises 47% by weight; and the oil comprises 6% by weight; the DDGS can comprise corn DDGS, and the oil can comprise corn oil; or, the DDGS can comprise sorghum DDGS, and the oil can comprise grain sorghum oil.
  • Such compressed compositions can be in the form of pellets or lick tubs. Such compressed compositions can be made by mixing the DDGS, sorghum and oil, heating the mixture to approximately 200 °F and either extruding the mixture to make a pellet, or subjecting the mixture in a vessel to a pressure exceeding at least 2000 psi for 15-20 minutes.
  • the invention is directed to methods of providing a service, comprising making a compressed composition comprising at least 30% by weight DDGS; 30% by weight sorghum; andl% by weight oil, wherein the sum of the DDGS and the sorghum do not exceed 99% by weight, and receiving a fee for the service, wherein the fee is one selected from the group consisting of (i) a royalty payment, (ii) a fee based on a sale of the pellet or lick tub, (iii) a fee based on a license for the pellet or lick tub, and (iv) a fee based on receipt of a product or service comprising making the pellet or lick tub.
  • the compressed composition comprises 45% to 47% by weight dried distiller grain (DDGS); 45% to 47% by weight sorghum; and 6% to 10% by weight oil.
  • the DDGS can result from the
  • the DDGS may be from corn, sorghum, wheat, rye, barley, quinoa, or oat DDGS.
  • the sorghum can be a forage, sweet, or a grain sorghum, or combinations thereof.
  • the sorghum can be engineered to express at least one enzyme.
  • the sorghum can be processed before being comprised into such methods, wherein such preprocessing comprises extracting juice from the sorghum or cutting, chopping, grinding, or adding to the sorghum at least one enzyme, an organic agent, an inorganic agent, a microbe, or an engineered microbe to the sorghum.
  • the sorghum can comprise bagasse or stover.
  • the oil can comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of corn, canola, sorghum, olive, flax, cottonseed, peanut, safflower, sesame, soy, palm, fish, soy, canola, sunflower, palm, nut, and vegetable oils; animal fat and restaurant grease.
  • the compressed composition can further comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of a pharmaceutical, a micronutrient, a mineral, a vitamin, plant material, grains, oilseed meals, milk products, wheat middlings, wheat bran, rice bran, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, molasses, rice mill byproduct, amino acids, antioxidants, tocochromanols, tocopherols, coccidostats, feed additives, yeasts, buffers, organic acids, mycotoxin inhibitors, clays, and alumina.
  • a pharmaceutical a micronutrient, a mineral, a vitamin, plant material, grains, oilseed meals, milk products, wheat middlings, wheat bran, rice bran, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, molasses, rice mill byproduct, amino acids, antioxidants, tocochromanols, tocopherols, coccidostats, feed additives, yeasts, buffers, organic acids, mycotoxin inhibitors, clays, and alumina.
  • the DDGS comprise 47% by weight; the sorghum comprises 47% by weight; and the oil comprises 6% by weight; the DDGS can comprise corn DDGS, and the oil can comprise corn oil; or, the DDGS can comprise sorghum DDGS, and the oil can comprise grain sorghum oil.
  • Such compressed compositions can be in the form of pellets or lick tubs. Such compressed compositions can be made by mixing the DDGS, sorghum and oil, heating the mixture to approximately 200 °F and either extruding the mixture to make a pellet, or subjecting the mixture in a vessel to a pressure exceeding at least 2000 psi for 15-20 minutes. The method can further comprise providing a compressed composition, such as a pellet or lick tub, that is customized to a third party's specifications.
  • the invention is directed to methods of decreasing mycotoxin in DDGS, comprising making a compressed composition comprising at least 30% by weight DDGS; 30% by weight sorghum; and 1% by weight oil, wherein the sum of the DDGS and the sorghum do not exceed 99% by weight, and the mycotoxing level is reduced in the compressed compositionas when compared to the DDGS alone.
  • the compressed composition comprises 45% to 47% by weight dried distiller grain (DDGS); 45% to 47% by weight sorghum; and 6% to 10% by weight oil.
  • the DDGS can result from the manufacture of ethanol.
  • the DDGS may be from corn, sorghum, wheat, rye, barley, quinoa, or oat DDGS.
  • the sorghum can be a forage, sweet, or a grain sorghum, or combinations thereof.
  • the sorghum can be engineered to express at least one enzyme.
  • the sorghum can be processed before being comprised into such methods, wherein such preprocessing comprises extracting juice from the sorghum or cutting, chopping, grinding, or adding to the sorghum at least one enzyme, an organic agent, an inorganic agent, a microbe, or an engineered microbe to the sorghum.
  • the sorghum can comprise bagasse or stover.
  • the oil can comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of corn, canola, sorghum, olive, flax, cottonseed, peanut, safflower, sesame, soy, palm, fish, soy, canola, sunflower, palm, nut, and vegetable oils; animal fat and restaurant grease.
  • the compressed composition can further comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of a pharmaceutical, a micronutrient, a mineral, a vitamin, plant material, grains, oilseed meals, milk products, wheat middlings, wheat bran, rice bran, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, molasses, rice mill byproduct, amino acids, antioxidants, tocochromanols, tocopherols, coccidostats, feed additives, yeasts, buffers, organic acids, mycotoxin inhibitors, clays, and alumina.
  • a pharmaceutical a micronutrient, a mineral, a vitamin, plant material, grains, oilseed meals, milk products, wheat middlings, wheat bran, rice bran, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, molasses, rice mill byproduct, amino acids, antioxidants, tocochromanols, tocopherols, coccidostats, feed additives, yeasts, buffers, organic acids, mycotoxin inhibitors, clays, and alumina.
  • the DDGS comprise 47% by weight; the sorghum comprises 47% by weight; and the oil comprises 6% by weight; the DDGS can comprise corn DDGS, and the oil can comprise corn oil; or, the DDGS can comprise sorghum DDGS, and the oil can comprise grain sorghum oil.
  • Such compressed compositions can be in the form of pellets or lick tubs. Such compressed compositions can be made by mixing the DDGS, sorghum and oil, heating the mixture to approximately 200 °F and either extruding the mixture to make a pellet, or subjecting the mixture in a vessel to a pressure exceeding at least 2000 psi for 15-20 minutes.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic of a process suitable for making a compressed sorghum composition enriched in DDGS.
  • the invention solves the problem of making DDGS-enriched compositions suitable for animal feed in the form of sorghum-containing pellets and animal feeding tubs.
  • DDGS sorghum and oil pellets are produced either via an extrusion process that involves heating the mixture to approximately 180° F to approximately 200° F and extruding the material for pellets; or, in the case of animal feeding or "lick" buckets, the same mixture is compressed into plastic tubs using pressure in excess of 2000 psi for a period of time. The process creates a high value livestock feed that is easily handled and transported.
  • the inventors are able to overcome technical limitations associated with compressing DDGs into pellets and lick tubs.
  • This technology also allows the inventors to develop new feed products and increase revenues associated with DDGS and with sorghum, as well as provide a multitude of services associated with DDGS and sorghum.
  • This technology also affords the ability to perform services for third parties (entities that request a service from another party) based on DDGS and sorghum.
  • Dried Distillers Grains are Wet Distiller's Grains (WDGs) that have been dried to 10-12 per cent moisture.
  • DDGS are produced during ethanol production from grain, such as from corn, sorghum grain, wheat, rye, barley, quinoa, or oat.
  • corn is ground, mixed with water and recycled stillage to create a slurry, liquefied, fermented, and the resulting ethanol distilled.
  • the remaining grains and liquid effluent, known as "whole stillage” is fractionated by centrifugation.
  • the supernatant comprises "thin stillage", which can be evaporated to produce
  • CDGs Condensed Distillers Grains
  • the pellet comprises coarse solids and is known as WDGs, which, when dried to 10-12% moisture, produce DDGS.
  • DDGS with Solubles (DDGS) are produced when DDGS are combined with CDGs (Council, 2012).
  • the thin stillage can also provide a source of oil. Before drying thin stillage to make CDGs, oil is extracted by one of two methods. The most common in the US, “Step 1" extraction, thin stillage is heated, and the oil is extracted by a centrifugation. Often, the thin stillage is heated to facilitate extraction (Council, 2012).
  • DDGS may be present in the compositions of the invention from about 30% to about 60%, including 45%-47%, and 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, and 59 percent and any increment thereof.
  • DDGS may be from any source, including corn, sorghum grain, wheat, rye, barley, quinoa, or oat.
  • Sorghum means Sorghum bicolor (primary cultivated species), Sorghum almum, Sorghum amplum, Sorghum angustum, Sorghum rundinaceum, Sorghum brachypodum, Sorghum bulbosum, Sorghum burmahicum, Sorghum controversum, Sorghum drummondii, Sorghum carinatum, Sorghum exstans, Sorghum grande, Sorghum halepense, Sorghum interjectum, Sorghum intrans, Sorghum laxiflorum, Sorghum leiocladum, Sorghum macrospermum, Sorghum matarankense, Sorghum miliaceum, Sorghum nigrum, Sorghum nitidum, Sorghum plumosum, Sorghum propinquum, Sorghum purpureosericeum, Sorghum stipoideum, Sorghum timorense, Sorghum trichocladum, Sorghum versicolor, Sorghum
  • the leafy and stem material is most useful.
  • forage sorghums, stover from grain and dual purpose sorghum, sudan grass and sudan grass-sorghum hybrids are most useful, although it is not necessary to remove any grain from the sorghum material.
  • the sorghum component in the compositions of the invention may be processed, including having juice extracted (creating bagasse), or cutting, chopping, grinding, or drying, or any combination.
  • bmr brown mid-rib
  • Useful in the invention are commercially available sorghum from Monsanto Co. (St. Louis, MO; USA), Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. (Johnston, IA; USA), Advanta (Amarillo, TX; USA), Chromatin, Inc. (Chicago, IL; USA - including the SORGHUM PARTNERS ® brand), Golden Acres (Waco, TX; USA), Dow AgroSciences LLC (Indianapolis, IN; USA - TRIUMPH ® and MYCOGEN ® brands), and other providers.
  • SORGHUM PARTNERS ® brand sorghum, sudangrass, and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids are especially useful in the invention and are shown in Table 3. Especially useful is 12SU9004.
  • the sorghum component may be present in the compositions of the invention from about 30% to about 60%, including 45%-47%, and including 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, and 59 percent and any increment thereof.
  • the sorghum may be chemically pre-treated, such as described by US Patent Application Publication No. 20080220125, which discloses hydrolyzing fiber with inorganic agents, such as calcium hydroxide.
  • Organic agents may also be used, as well as engineered organisms, such as disclosed in US Patent Application Publication No. 20110165635, "METHODS AND MATERIALS FOR PROCESSING A FEEDSTOCK,” and enzymes, such as cellulases.
  • the sorghum may be engineered to express one or more proteins, such as enzymes.
  • any edible oil is suitable.
  • examples include corn, canola, sorghum (from grain), olive, flax, soy, palm, fish, soy, canola, sunflower, palm, nut, and vegetable oil, and mixtures thereof.
  • Other fats and oils may be used if an appropriate viscosity can be attained during pelleting; for example, by mixing with another oil.
  • sorghum wax can be dissolved in another liquid oil, such as corn oil.
  • more solid oils and fats, including animal fat and restaurant grease can also be heated to provide a suitably viscous material.
  • the oil can act as a binder, as well as aiding flow of the components during pelleting.
  • the oil component may be present in the compositions of the invention from about 1% to about 10%, including 6%-10%, and including 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9% and any increment thereof.
  • Other components including 6%-10%, and including 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9% and any increment thereof.
  • the pellets of the invention can be made more complete feed for an intended livestock by adding additional components, including, for example, vitamins, minerals, other plant material (for example, corn silage or alfalfa), etc.
  • Additional exemplary additional feed ingredients may include ingredients such as grains (i.e., corn, wheat, barley), oilseed meals (i.e., soybean meal, cottonseed meal, flaxseed meal, canola meal), byproducts (i.e., wheat middlings, wheat bran, rice bran, brewers grains, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, molasses, rice mill byproduct), milk products (i.e., casein, whey proteins), vitamin and minerals, amino acids, antioxidants, tocochromanols, tocopherols, coccidostats, feed additives, yeasts, buffers (i.e., sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide), organic acids (i.e., propionic acids, acetic acids, blends thereof), mycotoxin inhibitor
  • Further exemplary additional components include feed enzymes, including cellulases, glucanases, xylanases, and ferulic acid esterases.
  • Other enzymes preferably thermotolerant enzymes, can be incorporated pre-pelleting.
  • Non-thermotolerant, or any enzyme can be applied to the surface of the pellets, such as by spraying.
  • Examples of nutrition components includes (in forms that are physiologically available to the intended recipient) calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, and cobalt.
  • the pellets of the invention can be used as a vehicle to administer pharmaceutical compositions.
  • Such pharmaceuticals may be co-compressed with the pellet or lick, or may be applied to the pellets or lick after peptization or lick formation, such as through a spray, emulsion, powder, etc.
  • Dosage can be controlled by pellet size or tub density to attain a target animal consumption rate (lbs/day) and dosage. These variables can be used to determine the appropriate pharmaceutical rates to be added during the production process.
  • lbs/day target animal consumption rate
  • compositions can comprise pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable carrier means a non-toxic, inert solid, semi-solid or liquid filler, diluent, encapsulating material or formulation auxiliary of any type.
  • materials which can serve as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are sugars such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose and its derivatives such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc; excipients such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; oils such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and soybean oil; glycols, such a propylene glycol; esters, such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; agar; buffering agents such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide
  • Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, and pills, (these may be incorporated into the pelleting mix by grinding, chopping, or dissolving); powders and granules.
  • the active compound may be mixed with at least one inert, pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier, such as sodium citrate or di calcium phosphate and/or (a) fillers or extenders such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol and silicic acid; (b) binders such as carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sucrose and acacia; (c) humectants such as glycerol; (d) disintegrating agents such as agar-agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates and sodium carbonate; (e) solution retarding agents such as paraffin; (f) absorption accelerators such as quaternary ammonium compounds
  • the solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other coatings well-known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and may also be of a composition such that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner.
  • coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other coatings well-known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and may also be of a composition such that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner.
  • embedding compositions which can be used include polymeric substances and waxes.
  • the active compounds can also be in micro-encapsulated form, if appropriate, with one or more of the above-mentioned carriers or as known to those of skill in the art.
  • pellets comprise components in addition to forage sorghum or sorghum stover, oil and DDGS.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically an overview of some of the methods of the invention, using corn DDGS and forage sorghum to exemplify the invention.
  • Corn is produced (1), harvested and delivered to a ethanol bioprocessor, who produces ethanol (3), and, as described previously, DDGS (5).
  • Forage sorghum such as a forage sorghum selected from Table 3, is grown (7), harvested (9), dried to a standard moisture content (e.g., 12%), and as necessary, preprocessed to reduce particle size using standard methods (to e.g., 1 ⁇ 2 inch or less; (11)).
  • the DDGS, forage sorghum particles and oil ((13); such as corn oil) are combined and mixed together, for example by an extruder without a die in place (15), further homogenizing the mixture and further reducing particle size of the different components.
  • the mixture is then extruded (17) at approximately 180° F to approximately 200° F, producing pellets or cubes.
  • the mixture preferably after mixing with an extruder, is compressed into feed buckets at 1800 psi (not shown).
  • Pelleting methods that can be used in the methods of the invention to make the compositions of the invention are those that 180° F to approximately 200° F and about 2,000 psi (in the case of lick tubs).
  • US Patent No. 8,287,268 discloses devices and methods suitable for embodiments of the present invention. Briefly, the DDGS-sorghum forage mixture is forced through a first die orifice located at the entrance of die by the pressure applied to the treated material due to the rotation of a profile extruder. This first die orifice generally has across section area that is less than the cross sectional area defined by the circumference of the inside wall of the outlet of the profile extruder. The die is configured such that the DDGS-sorghum forage mixture is compressed parallel to its axis of transport and it is also compressed in a direction transverse to the direction of transport as it passes though.
  • the moisture (mainly oil) in the DDGS-sorghum forage mixture is forced to the outside walls of the extrudate after exiting a second die orifice.
  • the mixture of heated liquid and vapor from the oil and water in the distiller grain migrates to and collects on the outer surfaces of the treated DDGS-sorghum forage mixture to for a lubrication layer.
  • the oil functions as a lubricant between outer surface of the distiller in and the inner wall of a die extremity tube and helps the DDGS-sorghum forage mixture to pass through the die extremity.
  • the treated DDGS-sorghum forage mixture is still in a relatively modulus state when it is directed into a die extremity tube.
  • the modulus state of the treated material enables it to easily deform elastically and conform to the shape of the die extremity tube.
  • the diameter and shape of the die extremity tube can be selected according to the desired shape and size of the final product.
  • Some examples of the different kinds of cross sections of the die extremity tube may include round, square, rectangular, star shaped, triangular etc.
  • the DDGS-sorghum forage mixture may be cooled in a heat exchanger assembly.
  • the present invention allows for providing a service to a third party.
  • the service includes customizing the components of the pellets of the invention for a particular application (e.g., a targeted livestock, or feeding livestock application), such as selectively choosing the sorghum, Sudan grass, Sudan grass-sorghum material, the oil, and the amount of DDGS, as well as any other components, such as vitamins, minerals, or pharmaceuticals.
  • a particular application e.g., a targeted livestock, or feeding livestock application
  • sorghum e.g., a targeted livestock, or feeding livestock application
  • sorghum e.g., a targeted livestock, or feeding livestock application
  • any other components such as vitamins, minerals, or pharmaceuticals.
  • This method can be used to increase the revenues generated from DDGS and/or sorghum, Sudan grass, and Sudan grass-sorghum, as well as from pellets comprising these components.
  • the desirable characteristics can be chosen so that the resultant pellets are more valuable.
  • "More valuable” can have a variety of meanings. In one aspect, it means more revenue is generated by DDGS and/or sorghum, Sudan grass, and Sudan grass-sorghum than either product alone may generate on the market.
  • the term can also mean that costs associated with, for example, feeding livestock, are reduced.
  • the composition of the pellets can be made more nutritious through the addition of, for example, vitamins, minerals, and the like, or the addition of pharmaceutical compositions.
  • a variety of mechanisms can be used as a method of receiving a fee for the pellets of the invention. Such methods can include a license fee and a royalty payment. A royalty can be charged either as a one-time payment, a fixed fee paid on a regular basis, or a portion of the sales, or any combination thereof.
  • the invention is licensed to a third party.
  • the third party may sell pellets to a farmer or other commercial entity for a set price, and the fee is set as a portion of the sales price. For example, a fee of 1% of the sales of the pellets can be charged as the fee.
  • a variety of mechanisms can be used to meet the step of receiving a fee. Essentially, all that is required is that value is received.
  • a variety of business methods can be accommodated by the present invention. In part, these methods are due to the ability to produce the pellets of the invention and even customize them. [0074] In addition, methods of generating revenue can include, without limitation: selling pellets, possibly for specific fields of use or exclusive use; developing pellets per customer specifications;
  • DDGS “Dried Distillers Grain”
  • WDG Wet Distillers Grains
  • DDGS Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles
  • Pellets are most often cylindrical, and can have a range of diameters and lengths. Typically, pellets are 1 ⁇ 4 to 11/64 inches or larger, including 1 ⁇ 4, 5/8, 3 ⁇ 4, 3/16, and 11/64 inches in diameter. Pellets can be cast as having different lengths, typically from 1 3 ⁇ 4 inches to 5 inches, including 1 3/8, 1 3 ⁇ 4, 2 1 ⁇ 2, 2 3 ⁇ 4, 4, and 5 inches or longer. Often, pellets will be produced or break that are shorter than the die used to cast them; for the purposes of the invention, length uniformity is unnecessary. While most practical to form cylindrical pellets, pellets can be in any suitable configuration, such as a cube. For the pellets of the invention, those having a diameter of 3 ⁇ 4" or greater are preferred.
  • Standard Product Moisture means, when referring to DDGS, 10-12%; standard product moisture, when referring to sorghum forage or stover, means approximately less than 15%.
  • Example 1 DDGS- and sorghum-rich Pellets
  • the DDGS-Sorghum pellets were produced by mixing DDGS, Forage Sorghum (12SU9004 Sorghum Partners; New Deal, Texas, USA) in equal parts. Prior to mixing, the forage sorghum was ground into particles of 1 ⁇ 2 inch or less using a standard forage grinder. The forage sorghum was at approximately 12% moisture when ground. Corn oil was added to the sorghum DDGS mixture at a rate of approximately 6% by weight. This mixture was further ground by passing through an extruder without a die in place. This pass was conducted to further reduce the size of the materials and further homogenize the mixture. No heat was applied during this homogenization step. The mixture was then passed through an extruder with temperatures near 180°F and passed through dies to produce pellets that were approximately 7/8" in diameter.
  • the DDGS-Sorghum lick tubs were produced by mixing DDGS, Forage Sorghum (12SU9004 Sorghum Partners; New Deal, Texas, USA) in equal parts. Prior to mixing, the forage sorghum was ground into particles of 1 ⁇ 2 inch or less using a standard forage grinder. The forage sorghum was at approximately 12% moisture when ground. Corn oil was added to the sorghum DDGS mixture at a rate of approximately 6% by weight. This mixture was further ground by passing through an extruder without a die in place. This pass was conducted to further reduce the size of the materials and further homogenize the mixture. No heat was applied during this homogenization step. The mixture was then placed into plastic tubs approximately 2001 bs of material. The material was then pressed for 20 minutes in a press at pressures in excess of 1800 psi.
  • Example 1 The pellets of Example 1 were subjected to standard analysis to determine the composition of the novel pellets. The results are shown in Table 4.

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Abstract

L'invention porte sur des compositions compressées, telles que des granulés et des blocs à lécher, la composition compressée comprenant 30 % à 60 % en poids de DDS ; 30 % à 60 % en poids de sorgho ; et 1 % à 10 % en poids d'huile, la somme des DDS et du sorgho n'excédant pas 99 % en poids. L'invention porte en outre sur des procédés de fabrication de telles compositions compressées, ainsi que sur nos procédés de fourniture d'un service et de réduction des mycotoxines dans les DDS utilisées dans de telles compositions compressées. Les compositions compressées sont fabriquées en soumettant le mélange à approximativement 200°F et soit en extrudant le mélange pour fabriquer un granulé, soit en soumettant le mélange dans un récipient à une pression excédant au moins 2 000 psi pendant 15 à 20 minutes.
PCT/US2014/041092 2013-06-06 2014-06-05 Compositions de sorgho en granulés et compressées riches en drêches de distillerie avec solubles (dds) Ceased WO2014197694A1 (fr)

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CN111202173A (zh) * 2020-04-01 2020-05-29 李旭业 突变纤维素酶和无机物添加剂在玉米青贮发酵中的应用

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107568479A (zh) * 2017-10-30 2018-01-12 山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 无玉米和豆粕的低成本育肥肉牛精料补充料
CN107568479B (zh) * 2017-10-30 2020-07-21 山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 无玉米和豆粕的低成本育肥肉牛精料补充料
CN111202173A (zh) * 2020-04-01 2020-05-29 李旭业 突变纤维素酶和无机物添加剂在玉米青贮发酵中的应用
CN111202173B (zh) * 2020-04-01 2022-12-13 黑龙江省农业科学院畜牧兽医分院 突变纤维素酶和无机物添加剂在玉米青贮发酵中的应用

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