WO2014198719A1 - Procédé de rectification d'extrémités de ressorts, et rectifieuse d'extrémités de ressorts - Google Patents

Procédé de rectification d'extrémités de ressorts, et rectifieuse d'extrémités de ressorts Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014198719A1
WO2014198719A1 PCT/EP2014/062025 EP2014062025W WO2014198719A1 WO 2014198719 A1 WO2014198719 A1 WO 2014198719A1 EP 2014062025 W EP2014062025 W EP 2014062025W WO 2014198719 A1 WO2014198719 A1 WO 2014198719A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
grinding
temperature
spring
helical compression
compression springs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2014/062025
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Wurster
Jürgen Wolf
Martin Schnizler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wafios AG
Original Assignee
Wafios AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wafios AG filed Critical Wafios AG
Priority to CN201480033839.3A priority Critical patent/CN105722640B/zh
Priority to EP14729888.9A priority patent/EP2849919B1/fr
Publication of WO2014198719A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014198719A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B7/10—Single-purpose machines or devices
    • B24B7/16—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding end-faces, e.g. of gauges, rollers, nuts, piston rings
    • B24B7/167—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding end-faces, e.g. of gauges, rollers, nuts, piston rings end faces coil springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/14—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the temperature during grinding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
    • B24B55/02—Equipment for cooling the grinding surfaces, e.g. devices for feeding coolant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B7/10—Single-purpose machines or devices
    • B24B7/16—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding end-faces, e.g. of gauges, rollers, nuts, piston rings
    • B24B7/17—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding end-faces, e.g. of gauges, rollers, nuts, piston rings for simultaneously grinding opposite and parallel end faces, e.g. double disc grinders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for grinding spring ends of helical compression springs according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a spring end grinding machine, in particular suitable for carrying out the method, according to the preamble of claim 14.
  • Helical compression springs are machine elements that are required in numerous applications in large numbers and different designs. Helical compression springs are needed for example as suspension springs or valve springs in large quantities in the automotive industry. A helical compression spring may be described as a coiled or wound compression spring of wire with spaces between turns.
  • the spring ends i. the two axial end portions of the helical compression springs.
  • the spring ends are used to transfer the spring force to the connector body and are usually designed so that at each spring position as axial as possible compression is effected.
  • the spring end grinding i. the material-removing machining of the spring ends by means of grinding, contributes in this context to create at the spring ends at right angles to the spring axis sufficient contact surfaces for the connection body.
  • Spring end grinding is part of the process chain for producing a helical compression spring made of cold-formed wire. This process chain includes many further production steps, which ultimately lead to a ready-to-install helical compression spring. Economical production of helical compression springs is only possible if efficient manufacturing processes are implemented in the various process stages. The spring end grinding is of particular importance, since a large part of the production costs incurred in helical compression springs account for this operation. Therefore, considerable efforts are being made to optimize the spring end grinding process so that the helical compression springs can be produced with high productivity without affecting the quality of the manufactured products.
  • the double side plan grinding method with unstressed springs has become established in many areas.
  • grinding with rotating rendem tool is known to be a machining process with geometrically indeterminate cutting.
  • the designation of the double side grinding process depends on the type of surfaces to be created (flat surfaces), the number of surfaces to be ground (two), the mainly engaged part of the grinding wheel (side surface) and the process (grinding).
  • a special feature of this method is the fact that the helical compression springs apply the grinding pressure itself.
  • a numerically controlled spring end grinding machine suitable for the double side grinding method has a grinding unit, a loading unit, and a control unit for controlling the loading unit and the grinding unit.
  • the grinding unit has a grinding wheel pair with two rotatable grinding wheels, the axes of rotation of which are normally arranged coaxially with each other or slightly tilted against each other. Between the mutually facing side surfaces of the grinding wheels a grinding space is formed.
  • the loading unit has at least one more or less axially parallel with the grinding wheels rotatable loading plate, which has a plurality of off-axis spring housings for receiving in each case a coil spring.
  • the spring axes of the helical compression springs accommodated in the spring receptacles should thereby stand as parallel as possible to the axis of rotation of the loading unit and thus perpendicular to the grinding side surfaces of the grinding wheels.
  • the distance between the center of rotation of the loading plate and the grinding wheel center determines the position of the grinding path.
  • the track or track describes the path that the helical compression spring travels over the grinding wheel when the loading plate rotates.
  • the track, the grinding speed, the loading plate speed and the grinding pressure together determine the achievable grinding performance.
  • the grinding performance is limited by the permissible temperature of the spring material and the performance of the grinding wheels. If the spring material becomes too hot, it can lead to Changes occur that adversely affect the subsequent spring behavior and / or the strength of the material. Therefore, material overheating should be avoided if possible.
  • Some methods provide for active cooling of the grinding space and / or the loading tray by means of corresponding cooling devices.
  • grinding room cooling for example, fresh air is blown directly into the grinding room with the aim of cooling the helical compression springs, the chips and the abrasive grains, dissipating the frictional heat and blowing out the chip spaces.
  • a corresponding cooling device has one or more supply channels for cooling air, which open into the grinding space. Cooling air is blown into the helical compression springs during charging plate cooling.
  • a corresponding cooling device has one or more supply channels for cooling air, which open in the vicinity of the trajectories of the coil springs near the loading plate. The aim here is to increase the specific removal capacity by keeping the temperature of the helical compression springs in the process as constant as possible and sufficiently low.
  • Japanese Patent Application JP 2009-279709 A describes a spring end grinding machine for double side surface grinding, in which two parallel cooling plates are mounted directly next to the grinding wheels outside the grinding space, whose mutually facing end faces lie substantially in extension of the mutually facing side surfaces of the grinding wheels ,
  • the cooling plates cooled by a passing cooling fluid define a space between the cooling plates in which the helical compression springs move when the loading plate rotates as soon as they leave the grinding space.
  • the spring ends are in touching contact with the cooling plates. In this way, a contact cooling of the spring ends during a grinding operation is possible.
  • the invention provides a method having the features of claim 1. Furthermore, a spring-end grinding machine with the features of claim 14 is provided. Advantageous developments are specified in the dependent claims. The wording of all claims is incorporated herein by reference.
  • a method according to the invention of the generic type is characterized in that a temperature signal representing the temperature is determined during the grinding operation on at least one of the helical compression springs by means of a temperature measurement and the spring end grinding machine is controlled in dependence on the temperature signal.
  • the term “during the grinding operation” refers to the time interval between the beginning and the end of a grinding operation, wherein the grinding operation begins when helical compression springs first enter the grinding space and ends when the desired removal is achieved and the last helical compression spring from the grinding space.
  • the grinding process can be operated at the upper performance limit of the removal rate when required, in which overheating is still reliably prevented. Due to the direct temperature monitoring, it is possible to dispense with unnecessarily great safety against overheating of the spring material, which limits the efficiency of the grinding process more than necessary. If necessary, expensive cooling measures can be dispensed with.
  • a spring end grinding machine suitable for carrying out the method has a temperature measuring system with at least one temperature measuring device which is adapted to determine a temperature signal representing the temperature during a grinding operation on at least one of the helical compression springs and deliver it for further processing so that the spring end grinding machine can be used as required in dependence on the Temperature signal can be controlled.
  • the temperature measuring device is arranged in a supply channel for cooling air and / or in a cooling air flow generated by the supply channel.
  • the supply channel carries cooling air from a pressure side with a fan to an orifice area of the supply channel in the vicinity of the grinding wheels and / or the loading plate, in order to cool the components lying in the cooling air flow.
  • the temperature measuring device is located within a more or less th cooling air flow and can thereby be cooled or temperature stabilized.
  • the air flow protects the temperature sensing device from contamination or damage from flying sparks and / or other machining products that could affect the functioning of the temperature measuring device.
  • the temperature measuring device is located within the supply channel, so that the temperature measurement takes place through the mouth region. It would also be possible to arrange a temperature measuring device outside the feed channel, ie beyond the mouth opening, but still in the region of the directed cooling air flow.
  • the temperature is preferably determined as close as possible to (at least) one spring end, e.g. in the region of a first subsequent to a spring end turn. Particularly reliable are measurements directly on the machined by grinding front page.
  • the temperature measurement is preferably carried out without contact via detection and evaluation of emitted heat radiation.
  • a pyrometer or a thermal imaging camera can be used as a temperature measuring device.
  • the use of (at least) one thermal imaging camera (line camera or area camera) offers the additional advantage of a spatially resolving temperature measurement, which can be measured simultaneously or offset in time at two or more spaced measuring positions on a helical compression spring or on a plurality of different helical springs.
  • the arrangement in the cooling air flow has been found to be particularly useful, since without appropriate protective measures or unfavorable arrangement could pollute the entrance window and / or be damaged by burning of sparks, whereby the measurement accuracy can be affected .
  • an automatic control of at least one grinding parameter takes place as a function of the spring temperature or of the temperature signal representing it.
  • the temperature measuring device is wired or wirelessly connected to the control unit for signal transmission and in the control unit is a control program is active, which is configured to process the temperature signal or a signal derived therefrom, wherein the control unit at least one operating parameter of the grinding unit and / or Loading unit in response to the temperature signal during the grinding operation changes.
  • the changeable operating parameters may include the rotational speed of the loading plate and the rotational speeds of the two grinding wheels, which can be preferably changed independently. If the spring end grinding machine is set up for the infeed grinding, alternatively or additionally, the infeed of a grinding wheel which can be fed towards the other grinding wheel can be controlled as a function of the temperature signal.
  • a semi-automatic control would be possible in which an operator is involved in the control process. This can be done, for example, by activating a display device, for example a visual display device and / or an acoustic display device, on the basis of the temperature signal if the temperature signal indicates heating of the helical compression springs beyond a still valid threshold value. As a result, the operator is given the opportunity to intervene by changes in operating parameters of the grinding unit and / or the loading unit in the grinding process in order to avoid overheating of the helical compression springs.
  • a display device for example a visual display device and / or an acoustic display device
  • the temperature-dependent control or regulation can be used in the through-Iaufvon and the delivery process.
  • a feed movement of one of the grinding wheels takes place in order to grind the helical compression springs to the final dimension.
  • This may be, for example, a constant or clocked feed movement proportional to the grinding force, which is generated by means of electronic control.
  • the spring end grinding machine is set up for the process of Zustellschleifens and operated in the delivery process.
  • infeed grinding during the grinding operation, at least one of the grinding wheels is delivered towards the other grinding wheel at a feed rate predetermined by the control unit. It is possible to control the feed rate in response to the temperature signal, so perform a temperature-dependent control of the feed rate.
  • a particularly high productivity is achieved in some embodiments in that the delivery is carried out with a predetermined, possibly adjustable by the operator, maximum delivery speed until a dependent of the type of helical compression spring and other process parameters switching point is reached, in which the temperature up to has approached a predetermined temperature difference to a predetermined limit temperature.
  • “Temperature limit” here is a temperature of the spring material is considered, beyond which temperature-related material damage can not be reliably excluded ..
  • the grinding process should therefore be driven so far as possible, that the limit temperature is not reached
  • the feed rate is then reduced to such an extent that the limit temperature is not exceeded, in particular of the switching point are controlled so that a temperature difference to the limit temperature remains substantially constant. In this case, therefore, it is still possible to continue driving at an optimum delivery speed close to the performance limit of the process, but on the safe side with regard to the danger of overheating.
  • a limit temperature corresponding to a barely tolerable maximum temperature can be set, and the control can be performed such that the temperature of the helical compression spring at no time during the grinding operation exceeds predetermined limit temperature. Possibly. Exceptions may be permitted in the initial phase of a grinding operation, if it is ensured that possibly overheated areas are removed sufficiently strongly in the further course of the grinding operation, so that the finished product does not contain any portions which may have been damaged by overheating.
  • it is in principle possible to measure the temperature of the helical compression spring during the grinding engagement so while the helical compression springs are within the grinding space, it is preferred if the temperature signal is detected outside the grinding space.
  • a particularly reliable control process is achieved in some embodiments by the fact that the determination of the temperature signal on a helical compression spring takes place immediately after the exit of the helical spring from the grinding space.
  • the helical compression springs are usually rotated several times on a circular arc. gene slideways transported through the grinding room.
  • the determination of the temperature signal thus takes place at the beginning of the non-invasive circulation phase, ie at the beginning of an intermediate cooling phase.
  • the temperature signal can be regarded as representative of the maximum temperature reached during the grinding operation, with at most a small constant difference from the actual maximum temperature reached , As a result, the control is particularly reliable process.
  • a temperature decrease resulting from the grinding process or characteristic of the current grinding process can be used for given parameters such as infeed, speed, possibly spring parameters or the like. detected and e.g. be quantified by a temperature difference.
  • the influence of the environment or the cooling outside of the grinding space can be detected and taken into account in the control. You can thereby get a learning process.
  • a loading plate has two, three or more arranged in concentric rings spring mounts, so that per unit of time large numbers of helical compression springs can be ground.
  • helical compression springs are arranged at different radial distances from the axis of rotation of the loading plate.
  • separate temperature signals are detected and processed together for at least two radial distances. If the temperature is measured in two, three or more different radial positions, uneven wear of the grinding wheel in the radial direction can be identified, for example via the temperature difference. This makes it possible, for example, to determine an optimum time for dressing the grinding wheels, which can be achieved, for example, when the temperature difference exceeds a predetermined difference value.
  • data for a radial dressing profile of a grinding wheel are determined on the basis of the separate temperature signals and / or the state of wear of the grinding wheel is evaluated on the basis of the separate temperature signals.
  • the temperature is recorded again immediately after dressing at radially different positions. This allows you to monitor a dresser change and determine the best time to replace the dresser.
  • the temperature measuring device can operate on different principles.
  • at least one surface temperature sensor is provided, for example in the form of an infrared camera or thermal imaging camera. If necessary, two or more measuring ranges can be defined in its image field, so that at the same time the temperature can be measured at different points of a helical compression spring or at different helical compression springs. It is also possible to use one or more punctiform temperature measuring sensors.
  • a movable shield which may be e.g. can be configured arcuate and / or angled and in its operating position closes the grinding space in the direction of the exposed part of the Ladetel- lers.
  • a temperature measuring device is attached to the side facing away from the grinding wheels of the shield.
  • a cooling device may have a supply channel for cooling air, which opens outside the grinding space above the loading plate.
  • the temperature measuring device e.g. a thermal camera, may be disposed within this supply channel.
  • a further development of the method and the device takes into account that there is a time-dependent functional relationship (ie a time function) between a change of a grinding parameter and a concomitant change in the temperature of helical springs, which depends, among other things, on the grinding conditions (such as Eg speed, feed rate, type of grinding wheels), of which for the Helical compression spring used wire, may depend on the spring shape and other parameters. Taking these relationships into account, a more precise and even more efficient process is possible.
  • reference control operating data are stored in a memory of the control unit and represent at least one time-dependent functional relationship between the change of a grinding parameter and a dependent change in the temperature of helical compression springs, the grinding process taking into account the reference grinding operation data is controlled.
  • a predictive (predicative) control of the grinding operation is possible.
  • at least one reference grinding operation for determining reference grinding operation data is preferably carried out before a grinding operation intended for a production process. These are thus determined experimentally.
  • the data obtained should also be checked in this case by means of experiments and optionally refined.
  • a reference grinding operation typical parameters such as the infeed speed and / or the cutting speed are changed and the temporal and / or the value influence of the change of these parameters on the temperature of the helical compression springs is measured.
  • rules and / or formulas can be derived, from which the control unit can derive, for example, at which time a correction has to be made in which way to reliably avoid exceeding a permissible maximum temperature during the grinding operation.
  • the deliverable grinding wheel may be delivered very quickly, ie at a high delivery speed, so that the temperature of the ground springs rises steeply. Without predictive control, the delivery could be stopped, for example, when a predetermined maximum allowable temperature has been reached.
  • the correct time can be set based on the reference loop operation data. In order to reduce the preload quickly, it may even be necessary to drive the delivery in the negative area. With the help of one or more reference grinding operations or grinding tests It is also possible to determine the optimum time for the beginning of the change in the feed rate and also for the extent of the change in order to avoid an overshoot of the temperature.
  • one or more blowers are typically provided, which blow air into the areas to be cooled via suitable lines or supply channels.
  • These measures of cooling provide usually only in conjunction with a sufficient suction the desired air flow and cooling effect.
  • suction is meant here the removal of process-related accumulating components from the work area of the machine. For example, metallic chips and metal particles, abrasive abrasion, process heat and sparks as well as vapors of organic and inorganic lubricants are extracted. Extraction fans with considerable suction are usually provided for this purpose.
  • an optimization of the introduction of air into the grinding machine and / or the extraction can be achieved by the control of blowers for air supply and / or for the extraction of air as a function of temperature signals of the temperature measurement.
  • the current blower output can be regarded as a further operating parameter of the spring end grinding machine. In this way, the blower and the extraction can be optimized in terms of power requirements and efficiency.
  • blower outputs can be adjusted accordingly to values below their maximum blower output, so that an energy-efficient operation while avoiding overheating of the helical compression springs is ensured.
  • maximum blowing power for blowing and / or suction is started at the beginning of a grinding operation. Thereafter, the fan power is reduced step by step or continuously according to a predeterminable timing scheme and the effect on the coil spring temperature is monitored.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of a spring end grinding machine according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of details of the spring end grinding machine of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic side view of the area of the grinding wheels and a loading plate during a grinding operation
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of the area of the grinding wheels and a loading plate during a grinding operation
  • Fig. 5 shows graphs for the dependence of the temperature of helical compression springs on the grinding time at different radial distances of the helical compression springs from the center of rotation of the loading plate for a freshly dressed grinding wheel (Figure 5A) and for a radially unevenly worn grinding wheel (Figure 5B);
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic detail of another embodiment with a temperature measuring device in a lateral extension of a cooling air supply channel.
  • a vertically constructed spring end grinder 100 which is used for the dry machining of helical compression springs (also referred to simply as springs) in the double Side plan grinding method with unstressed springs is set up in the delivery process.
  • the machine is built in single construction with two grinding spindles and two loading plates. It essentially comprises a grinding unit 120, a loading unit 150 and a control unit 160 for controlling controllable components of the loading unit 150 and the grinding unit 120.
  • the grinding unit 120 has a grinding wheel pair with two coaxially rotatable grinding wheels 130, 140, between which a grinding space 135 is formed during operation of the machine.
  • the upper grinding wheel 130 is fixed to the lower end of an upper grinding spindle 132, which is mounted with a vertical axis of rotation 134 in the upper part of the support structure of the grinding unit and can be driven by an upper motor 136.
  • the lower grinding wheel 140 is supported by a lower grinding spindle 142 rotatably mounted in the lower part of the support structure, which can be rotated by a lower motor 146 about a vertical axis of rotation 144 which is coaxial with the axis of rotation 134 of the upper grinding spindle.
  • the height-variable grinding space is bounded upward by the side surface 131 of the upper grinding wheel 130 substantially perpendicular to the rotation axis 134 and the lower grinding wheel side surface 141 oriented substantially perpendicular to the lower rotation axis 144.
  • the upper functional unit with upper grinding spindle 132 and motor 136 is height-adjustable for adaptation to different spring lengths.
  • the lower grinding spindle can be moved vertically to allow adaptation to different spring lengths.
  • it is provided as an option to bring one of the grinding wheels or one of the grinding spindles in a defined skew.
  • the upper grinding spindle 132 can be delivered by moving parallel to the spindle axis 134 in the direction of the lower grinding wheel, wherein the feed rate or the feed rate profile can be predetermined by the control unit 160.
  • the loading unit 150 arranged immediately adjacent to the grinding unit 120 has two loading plates 160, 170 which are infinitely rotatable parallel to the grinding wheels and are jointly supported by a turntable 180 which is rotatable about a vertical axis of rotation 182 by means of a drive, not shown.
  • the first loading plate 160 is supported by a first loading plate shaft 162, which is mounted with vertical axis of rotation 164 on the turntable.
  • the first loading tray is located in Fig. 1 in its working position with partial engagement in the grinding room.
  • the second loading plate 170 is supported by a second loading plate shaft 172 which is around a vertical Rotary shaft 174 is rotatable.
  • the axes of rotation of the loading plates are at equal radial distances from the axis of rotation 182 of the turntable at diametrically opposite positions.
  • the second loading plate is in its loading position, which allows a mechanical or manual loading and unloading of the spring retainers.
  • the loading plates are each easily interchangeable to set up the machine for different spring geometries.
  • the loading plate shafts can each be driven by their own drives. It is also possible to attach a single drive in the region of the working position and to mechanically couple the loading plate shaft of the loading plate driven into the working position to this drive (cf EP 0 722 810 B1). Instead of a turntable, linearly movable units could also be provided as carriers for the loading plates (see DT 1 652 125).
  • Each loading plate has a plurality of off-axis to its axis of rotation arranged spring receivers 166, each to receive a single helical compression spring F for processing.
  • Helical compression springs generally have a cylindrical shape, other shapes, such as. Conical shapes, convex or concave double-conical shapes or cylindrical shapes with tapered spring ends are possible.
  • Spring housings can be used with and without spring boxes.
  • One-storey or multi-level loading plates can be used.
  • the loading plates are one-story and have spring receptacles in three different radial distances from the axis of rotation of the loading plate.
  • the spring retainers are arranged in three concentric rings or rows around the axis of rotation (see Fig. 2 or 4).
  • the loading plates can be moved by rotation of the turntable 180 between each working position and a loading position back and forth.
  • the first loading plate 160 is in its working position
  • the second loading plate 170 is in the loading position.
  • the axial distance between the center of rotation of the grinding wheels, ie their axes of rotation, and the axis of rotation 164 of the loading plate is dimensioned so that all spring recordings upon rotation of the loading plate about its axis of rotation on a circular arc slideway or track through the grinding space between the rotating Grinding wheels are transported.
  • the two opposite spring ends of the helical compression springs located in the grinding space are each simultaneously ground by the side surfaces of the grinding wheels coming into contact therewith.
  • the achievable removal rate is essentially determined by the position of the track of the individual helical compression springs in the grinding space, by the grinding speed, the loading plate speed and the grinding pressure generated at the respective machined surfaces.
  • the spring end grinding on the loading unit side facing the grinding unit has a vertically movable shield 128, which may be made in one or more parts and in the example arcuately designed angled.
  • the protective shield When setting up the machine, the protective shield has moved upwards so that the area between the grinding wheels is easily accessible. Before the start of the grinding operation, the protective shield is moved down until its lower edge lies a short distance above the recorded in the loading plate coil springs.
  • the spring-end grinding machine is equipped with a cooling device which is adapted to cool the loading plate and the helical compression springs held therein during the grinding by means of cooling air.
  • the cooling device has two supply channels 200, 210 for cooling air (see Fig. 4), which lead to a fan on the pressure side and open outside of the grinding space above the loading plate.
  • the supply channel 200 shown in Fig. 1 leads from above perpendicular to the top of the arranged in the working position loading plate 160.
  • the mouth opening 202 is located at a small distance (a few centimeters) above the exit region where the helical compression springs leave the grinding room.
  • the orifice is relatively narrow in comparison to the diameter of the feed channel in the more distant cylindrical region, may, for example, have the shape of a rectangular slit (cf., for example, orifice 212 of the supply channel 210 in FIG. 4), thereby producing a cooling air curtain.
  • the radial direction of the loading plate extends over all three rows of spring housings.
  • the spring end grinding machine 100 can be operated with very high productivity, without the risk of overheating of the currently processed helical compression springs and a consequent impairment of the spring quality. This is achieved in the spring end grinding machine 100 in that during the grinding process or during a grinding operation, the temperature of the springs is measured and the feed speed of the upper grinding wheel is controlled based on the temperature measurement, that can always be ground with a maximum feed rate, in which a material-changing overheating is still reliably avoided. If, for example, the sharpening of one of the grinding wheels changes by self-sharpening and / or by intermediate dressing, this can be detected with the aid of the temperature measuring system and it is possible to react directly by adjusting the feed rate during grinding without operator intervention.
  • the temperature measuring system of the embodiment has a temperature measuring device in the form of a thermal imaging camera 190, which is connected to the control unit 160.
  • the thermal imager 190 is mounted within the feed channel 200 at a suitable distance above the loading tray 160 in the working position such that the tracks of all three rows of spring receivers 166A, 166M, 1661 pass through the generally rectangular two-dimensional frame 192 of the thermal imager.
  • the temperature measurement takes place through the mouth 202.
  • the thermal imaging camera has a two-dimensional temperature sensor sensitive to infrared light, which allows a two-dimensional spatially resolving temperature measurement.
  • the thermal imaging camera is directed from above onto the helical compression springs emerging from the grinding space, so that the temperature at the upper end faces of the helical compression springs, which have been processed immediately beforehand, can be measured immediately after leaving the grinding space (see arrows in FIG. 3).
  • multiple measurement ranges for a simultaneous temperature measurement can be defined, so that it is possible to generate separately for each of the three rows of helical compression springs own temperature signal and forward it to the controller 160.
  • the thermal imager 190 is cooled by the cooling air flowing around it and thereby kept at a uniform temperature, as a result of which the measurement results remain stable over the long term.
  • the cooling air flowing towards the orifice 202 reliably protects the entrance window of the thermal imager from sparks and other particulate processing products, e.g. otherwise could reach the area of the thermal imaging camera due to turbulence. As a result, the thermal imaging camera no longer has to be removed for cleaning or maintenance purposes.
  • a temperature measuring system which has a temperature measuring device 795 configured as a thermal imaging camera, which is arranged in a lateral extension 210 of the feed channel 200 outside the vertical main channel, but inside the protective housing of the feed channel.
  • the lateral extension can, as shown, lie in a radial plane to the axis of rotation of the loading plate, but possibly also have a different orientation, for example in the tangential direction to the raceway of the springs.
  • the entrance window of the thermal imaging camera is located near the mouth of the lateral extension in the vertical main channel of the cooling air supply such that this Temperarturmess beautifully is disposed in a cooling air flow generated by the supply channel, which also extends into the lateral extension so that a cooling effect is present , Also with this arrangement Protects the flowing towards the mouth opening 202 cooling air the entrance window of the thermal imager reliably against sparks and other particulate processing products, so that the thermal imager does not have to be removed practically for cleaning or maintenance purposes.
  • the temperature measurement takes place as in the other variant through the mouth opening 202 therethrough at the top of the recorded in the loading plate 160 spring F. However, in a direction obliquely to the vertical measuring direction, ie from a different perspective measured.
  • Such an arrangement outside the main vertical channel may e.g. be selected if the cooling air supply in the main channel should not be disturbed.
  • the temperature measuring device 795 in the lateral extension may be provided as an alternative to a temperature measuring device in the main channel.
  • a control program is active, which can further process the temperature signals generated by the (at least one) thermal imaging camera, so that the control of connected to the control unit units of Federendenschleifmaschine can be done on the basis of the results of the temperature measurement.
  • Operating parameters that may be controlled based on temperature signals include, but are not limited to, the infeed of one or more grinding wheels, the speed of the in-position loading plate, the upper grinding wheel speed, and / or the lower grinding wheel speed. On the basis of temperature signals, information on the wear state of the grinding wheels can also be determined. Some possibilities are explained in more detail below. Fig.
  • FIG. 5 shows in the subfigures 5A and 5B above each schematically the state of wear of the lower grinding wheel and including a temperature-time diagram showing the dependence of the temperature T of the faces of helical compression springs in the three different distances from the center of rotation of the loading plate rows in dependence of the grinding time t s .
  • the curve marked “I” represents the temperature curve on the inner row (closest to the center of rotation), the letter “M” represents the middle row, and the letter “A” represents the outer row whose helical compression springs are the largest distance from the center of rotation of the loading plate.
  • FIG. 5A shows the temperature profiles which result from a newly dressed grinding wheel S whose side surface provided for the grinding engagement is still flat and ready to cut.
  • the temperature after a certain grinding time in the helical compression springs of outer row A is slightly higher than in the inner row I. It could also be the other way around.
  • FIG. 5B shows a later situation in which a radially uneven wear of the grinding wheel S has already taken place. It can be seen that the temperature differences between the individual rows have increased. In the inner area of the grinding wheel closer to the center of rotation of the grinding wheel, the wear was lower, so that there is a higher grinding pressure, which causes the higher temperature of the outer row A. It can thus be seen that it is possible to conclude, by measuring the temperature in several radially different positions over the temperature difference and, if applicable, its time course, that the grinding wheel may be wearing unevenly. Thus, for example, an optimal time of dressing can be determined.
  • control unit 160 is programmed so that a dressing process is initiated automatically when the temperature difference AT R becomes greater than a preset temperature difference welding value.
  • a typical temperature profile in a conventional delivery method is shown more schematically in the temperature-grinding time diagram of FIG. 6 as curve "SDT".
  • SDT temperature-grinding time diagram of FIG. 6
  • TEMP shed curve TEMP
  • especially in the initial phase of the delivery can be driven very fast, ie with high infeed speed, without thermally overloading the helical compression springs. This can additionally increase productivity.
  • a limit temperature T G exists for the selected spring material and possibly other spring parameters, exceeding which temperature-related material damage can no longer be reliably ruled out.
  • the grinding process should therefore be run so that a certain safety distance from this limit temperature is reliably maintained.
  • work is to be done with a view to maximizing productivity with overall high delivery speed, so that the grinding operation leads to the desired final dimension in the shortest possible time.
  • the process is now run so that the delivery is initially carried out with a predetermined maximum delivery speed until a switching point SP is reached at which the temperature T has approached to a predetermined temperature difference ⁇ to the limit temperature T G.
  • the feed speed is reduced and then controlled so that the temperature difference .DELTA. ⁇ to the limit temperature remains substantially constant until the desired final dimension of the helical compression springs is reached.
  • the adjustable grinding wheel is retracted so that the temperature drops immediately. It can be seen from the schematic representation in FIG. 6 that the grinding operation in this process is predominantly relatively close to the power limit, but at a sufficient safety distance from the limit temperature, so that the grinding time overall can be markedly lower than in the conventional, more cautious procedure. Based on the embodiments, some process options have been explained. In a non-illustrated embodiment, the temperature can be measured simultaneously or offset in time at both ends of the helical compression springs.
  • a second thermal imaging camera may be provided in the region below the loading plate. It is also possible to perform an oblique measurement through the middle of the spring from above into the region of the remote lower spring end. An in-process temperature measurement during the grinding operation during spring end grinding also makes it possible to precisely align any measures for cooling or suction of the grinding chamber with the grinding material and thus to determine it in a spring-specific manner.
  • servo-controlled nozzles with feedback and / or regulation of the nozzle position can be provided via the spring temperature.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de rectification d'extrémités de ressorts hélicoïdaux de compression (F), mis en oeuvre en utilisant une rectifieuse d'extrémités de ressorts à commande numérique (100), qui présente une unité de rectification (120), une unité de chargement (150) et une unité de commande (160), pour la commande de l'unité de chargement (150) et de l'unité de rectification (120). L'unité de rectification (120) présente une paire de meules de rectification comprenant deux meules de rectification rotatives (130, 140), entre lesquelles est formé un espace de rectification (135). L'unité de chargement (150) présente au moins un plateau de chargement rotatif (160, 170), sensiblement parallèle axialement avec les meules de rectification (130, 140), qui présente une pluralité de logements de ressorts (166) extra-axiaux, pour la réception, respectivement, d'un ressort hélicoïdal de compression (F). Pendant une opération de rectification, les ressorts hélicoïdaux de compression (F), reçus dans les logements de ressorts (166) sont transportés, par rotation du plateau de chargement (160, 170), successivement à travers l'espace de rectification, entre les meules de rectification rotatives (130, 140), et les extrémités des ressorts hélicoïdaux de compression (F) se trouvant dans l'espace de rectification sont usinées par rectification, deux par deux, en même temps. Le procédé est caractérisé en ce que, pendant l'opération de rectification, un signal de température représentant la température, est déterminé, par une mesure de température, à au moins l'un des ressorts hélicoïdaux de compression (F). De préférence, une commande de la rectifieuse d'extrémités de ressorts (100), est effectuée en fonction du signal de température. La mesure de température est effectuée, dans une forme d'exécution, à l'aide d'une caméra thermique (190). Le dispositif de mesure de température (190) est disposé dans un canal d'amenée d'air de refroidissement (200), appartenant à un dispositif de refroidissement, et/ou dans un flux d'air de refroidissement produit à travers le canal d'amenée (200).
PCT/EP2014/062025 2013-06-14 2014-06-10 Procédé de rectification d'extrémités de ressorts, et rectifieuse d'extrémités de ressorts Ceased WO2014198719A1 (fr)

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CN201480033839.3A CN105722640B (zh) 2013-06-14 2014-06-10 用于磨削弹簧端部的方法以及弹簧端部磨削机
EP14729888.9A EP2849919B1 (fr) 2013-06-14 2014-06-10 Procédé de rectification d'extrémités de ressorts, et rectifieuse d'extrémités de ressorts

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DE102013211201.7A DE102013211201A1 (de) 2013-06-14 2013-06-14 Verfahren zum Schleifen von Federenden und Federendenschleifmaschine

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CN105784167A (zh) * 2016-03-01 2016-07-20 上海交通大学 曲轴连杆颈随动磨削温度测量装置
CN106737148A (zh) * 2017-02-25 2017-05-31 温岭市万利轴承有限公司 一种双端面磨床及其料盘
CN108145549A (zh) * 2017-12-23 2018-06-12 新昌县镜岭镇胜泰轴承配件厂 一种低噪音轴承端面打磨装置
IT201800007903A1 (it) * 2018-08-06 2020-02-06 Mole Abrasivi Ermoli Srl Mola abrasiva e metodo di controllo per una molatrice comprendente detta mola
CN114734315A (zh) * 2022-05-10 2022-07-12 太仓市惠得利弹簧有限公司 一种弹簧加工的端面磨簧装置
CN119017186A (zh) * 2024-10-25 2024-11-26 山东省青腾机械科技有限公司 一种角钢智能打磨设备

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CN107584359A (zh) * 2017-10-23 2018-01-16 南京溧水丽华弹簧厂 一种弹簧加工去毛刺处理装置
CN113664656B (zh) * 2021-08-23 2023-11-14 福州立洲弹簧有限公司 一种弹簧断面磨削设备
CN115091356B (zh) * 2022-06-13 2024-03-15 浙江避泰电气科技股份有限公司 电阻片研磨装置
CN116038458A (zh) * 2022-12-27 2023-05-02 浙江万能弹簧机械有限公司 一种双料盘磨簧机

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CN105784167A (zh) * 2016-03-01 2016-07-20 上海交通大学 曲轴连杆颈随动磨削温度测量装置
CN105784167B (zh) * 2016-03-01 2019-09-03 上海交通大学 曲轴连杆颈随动磨削温度测量装置
CN106737148A (zh) * 2017-02-25 2017-05-31 温岭市万利轴承有限公司 一种双端面磨床及其料盘
CN108145549A (zh) * 2017-12-23 2018-06-12 新昌县镜岭镇胜泰轴承配件厂 一种低噪音轴承端面打磨装置
IT201800007903A1 (it) * 2018-08-06 2020-02-06 Mole Abrasivi Ermoli Srl Mola abrasiva e metodo di controllo per una molatrice comprendente detta mola
CN114734315A (zh) * 2022-05-10 2022-07-12 太仓市惠得利弹簧有限公司 一种弹簧加工的端面磨簧装置
CN114734315B (zh) * 2022-05-10 2023-06-09 太仓市惠得利弹簧有限公司 一种弹簧加工的端面磨簧装置
CN119017186A (zh) * 2024-10-25 2024-11-26 山东省青腾机械科技有限公司 一种角钢智能打磨设备

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EP2849919A1 (fr) 2015-03-25
DE102013211201A1 (de) 2014-12-31
EP2849919B1 (fr) 2016-09-21
CN105722640A (zh) 2016-06-29
CN105722640B (zh) 2018-05-15

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