WO2014203070A1 - Système de détection d'incendie - Google Patents

Système de détection d'incendie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014203070A1
WO2014203070A1 PCT/IB2014/001137 IB2014001137W WO2014203070A1 WO 2014203070 A1 WO2014203070 A1 WO 2014203070A1 IB 2014001137 W IB2014001137 W IB 2014001137W WO 2014203070 A1 WO2014203070 A1 WO 2014203070A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
detectors
compartment
fire
particle contamination
compartments
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2014/001137
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David Denoon-Stevens
Terrence Howard HENRY
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2014203070A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014203070A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to ZA2016/02741A priority Critical patent/ZA201602741B/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/002—Generating a prealarm to the central station
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
    • G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components
    • G08B29/26—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components by updating and storing reference thresholds

Definitions

  • THIS INVENTION relates to a fire detecting system.
  • Current fire detecting systems comprise a control panel and a plurality of detectors distributed throughout the building being protected. Each detector includes a casing with terminals for connecting it into the wiring loop which includes the panel.
  • the detectors have therein sensors of various types such as heat sensors, smoke particle sensors and carbon monoxide sensors.
  • the panel polls the detectors in turn and obtains status information from them from which the logic of the control panel makes a decision on whether or not to institute an alarm condition.
  • a balance must be struck between having a detecting system which is too sensitive and raises false alarms, and one that is too insensitive and does not react quickly enough to a genuine fire threat.
  • detectors "age" over a period of time and their sensitivity changes due to, for example, the deposition of dust particles onto the sensors.
  • the threshold at which the output from a sensor will cause the panel to institute an alarm condition is consequently adjusted over time to prevent false alarms.
  • Fires are of various types and the products of combustion from different types of fire vary. Detectors comprising heat sensors and carbon monoxide sensors and optical sensors set for detection at different incident angles can distinguish between partial combustion, smouldering material, the burning of PVC insulation, fast burning spirit fires, burning polyurethane and burning wood.
  • the output from sensors of these types is processed by a conventional fire detection algorithm and the algorithm's logic determines whether the data being received exceeds any of the thresholds set and that an alarm condition shpuld be established.
  • the present invention has as its main object to provide a fire detecting system which is less prone to establishing false alarm conditions than current fire detection systems.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a fire detecting system which establishes a pre-alarm condition on input data which is below that required to establish an alarm condition but is sufficiently abnormal to require a notification signal being generated.
  • a fire detecting system in which: the building being protected comprises first and second smoke compartments having fire detectors in them and having walling which retains products of combustion in those compartments; the system determines the normal level of particle contamination in each compartment using the average of the outputs of the detectors in the compartment; a pre-alarm threshold is set at a predetermined level of particle contamination above the predetermined normal; the average of the detector outputs of each compartment is compared with the average of the detector outputs of the other compartment; and the pre-alarm threshold level is adjusted up or down in the event that the particle contamination in the compartments are commensurate with one another but different to the predetermined normal particle contamination established.
  • a pre-alarm condition is only established after the different levels of particle contamination have lasted for a predetermined time.
  • Said fire detectors can include unique identification chips which can be scanned to enable the identities of the detectors to be determined.
  • the detectors can also include memories on which the dates of installation of the detectors are stored.
  • Said memories can additionally have the service histories of the detectors stored on them.
  • each memory prefferably has stored information thereon denoting the type of detector, and for the fire panel to which the detectors are connected to be able to distinguish between detectors of different types from the information stored in the memories of the detectors.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic section through a fire detector
  • Figure 2 is a diagrammatic representation of a fire detecting loop
  • Figure 3 is a plan view one floor of a building.
  • Figure 4 diagrammatically represents normal, pre-alarm and alarm thresholds.
  • the fire detector shown in Figure 1 is designated 10 and comprises a casing 12 which is releasably secured to a fixed base 14.
  • the casing 12 has an internal chamber 16. Slits 18 in the casing 12 permit the products of combustion to flow into the chamber 16.
  • fire detector encompasses all types of detectors that are sensitive to the products of combustion.
  • a carbon monoxide sensor 20 Within the casing there is a carbon monoxide sensor 20, a heat (thermal) sensor 22, a first optical sensor 24 and a second optical sensor 26.
  • the sensors 24, 26 have different light scatter view angles.
  • a light source 28 such as a light emitting diode, in the casing.
  • the beam from the light source reflects to the sensors 24, 26 off any particles in the chamber 16.
  • the different outputs of the sensors 24, 26 enables the difference between, for example, water mist and smoke particles to be determined by the fuzzy logic of the algorithm used.
  • the casing 12 also has therein a unique identification chip 30. Any commercially available chip can be used and an example of a suitable chip is that known as a MAC Ml.
  • the final component within the casing 12 is a microprocessor 32.
  • the chip 30 can be read by a suitable scanner which enables stolen detectors to be positively identified.
  • the memory of the microprocessor 32 stores information such as the date on which the fire detecting system was commissioned and thus when the detector went into use. It can also carry service information showing that the specified regular servicing schedules have been adhered to.
  • the history of the detector from first installation to decommissioning can consequently be logged in the chip. This enables the total time for which the detector has been in service to be determined and for the time that has elapsed since the last service also to be determined. It is also possible to use that part of the logged information that identifies the type of detector to determine if it has been placed at an incorrect point on the loop which includes the detectors and the fire panel, as is described below. For example, if after service one type of detector is placed on the loop where another type of detector should be, this will be detected by the panel.
  • Any detector can be positively identified by scanning it and reading the information on the chip.
  • the base 14 includes terminals 34 and 36 which permit it to be connected into the loop wiring designated 38.
  • the two wires 40 and 42 constituting the wiring 38 provide power to the detectors and also data communication between the detectors and the panel 44 shown in Figure 2.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a building on a site with streets on all four sides.
  • the building has six areas which are referred to herein as "smoke compartments". These areas are designated SP1 to SP6 and are separated from one another by walls, which may be permanent or constituted by the usual removable dry walls which divide the space within a building into offices.
  • walls which may be permanent or constituted by the usual removable dry walls which divide the space within a building into offices.
  • An attribute of such walls is that they form smoke barriers so that smoke in one smoke compartment does not readily leak into adjacent smoke compartments. Consequently all the detectors in one smoke compartment will normally be subjected to the same products of combustion in the event of there being burning material in that compartment. However, the detectors of adjacent compartments will generally not be subjected to products of combustion until a wall is breached opening the way for smoke to flow between smoke compartments.
  • the number of particles in the atmosphere varies with time. Factors influencing this include traffic density and weather conditions. During peak traffic hours morning and evening the level of pollution caused by vehicles is high. In the middle of the night when there is little or no traffic the level of pollution is low. Falling rain tends to take particles out of the air and contribute to a lower level of pollution even at peak traffic hours.
  • two or more smoke compartments operate in conjunction with one another. It will be assumed for the purposes of the description that two smoke compartments chosen by the commissioning engineers are used in conjunction with one another.
  • the horizontal line designated "normal” refers to the average output of the sensors in a smoke compartment when subjected to the pollution level which is usual for the environment in which the detectors have been placed.
  • a change in average output to the threshold level indicated as “pre-alarm” is a change to the level at which the output of the detectors is sufficiently far from normal to make it desirable to alert the building management of a possible event.
  • This threshold level is adjusted over time as is described below.
  • pollution levels will be high. As each detector is polled in turn by the panel, it returns an output indicative of the generally high level of pollution. A possible result is that the pre-alarm level will be reached when, in fact, what is being sensed is a general rise in pollution levels not associated with the products of combustion of a fire.
  • the pre-alarm level is adjusted in these circumstances. Specifically when the first detector in a smoke compartment returns a signal which is such as to establish a pre-alarm condition, the algorithm of the panel calculates the average of the outputs of all the other detectors in that smoke compartment. It also establishes the average of the outputs of all the detectors in the co-operating smoke compartment.
  • the threshold at which a pre-alarm condition is established is raised to a level commensurate with the new "normal" conditions which then prevail. Conversely, if the average signal indicating pollution levels in both smoke compartments falls then the sensitivity level can be adjusted downwards.
  • the pre-alarm level is adjusted so that the measurement of an abnormal condition commences not from the "clean air” air level but from the level of what, at that time, is the normal atmospheric condition.
  • pre-alarm threshold tracks the general atmospheric conditions.
  • the pre-alarm threshold is not adjusted and it is preferred that this difference exist for a predetermined period of time before a pre-alarm condition is established. This eliminates the possibility that there is a time lag between the general change in pollution level in one compartment affecting the general pollution level in the other compartment. If the condition pertains for, say, 5 to 15 minutes then it is safe to assume that conditions in one smoke compartment differ from those in the other compartment, and that the conditions are not going to equalize.
  • the full alarm level is not altered with the pre-alarm level and remains fixed at the predetermined level.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un système de détection d'incendie, dans lequel système le bâtiment qui est protégé est divisé en compartiments de fumée SP1, SP2, etc. Les compartiments ont des détecteurs d'incendie à l'intérieur de ces derniers, et il y a un cloisonnement qui retient les produits de combustion dans les compartiments. Le système détermine le niveau normal de contamination de particules dans chaque compartiment à l'aide de la moyenne des sorties des détecteurs dans le compartiment. Un seuil de pré-alarme est établi à un niveau prédéterminé de contamination de particules supérieur à un niveau normal prédéterminé, et la moyenne des sorties de détecteur d'un compartiment est comparée à la moyenne des sorties de détecteur d'un autre compartiment. Le niveau de seuil de pré-alarme est réglé vers le haut ou vers le bas dans le cas où les contaminations de particules dans les compartiments concordent les unes avec les autres, mais sont différentes du niveau de contamination de particules normal prédéterminé établi.
PCT/IB2014/001137 2013-06-20 2014-06-20 Système de détection d'incendie Ceased WO2014203070A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA2016/02741A ZA201602741B (en) 2013-06-20 2016-04-20 Fire detecting system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA201304598 2013-06-20
ZA2013/04598 2013-06-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014203070A1 true WO2014203070A1 (fr) 2014-12-24

Family

ID=52104022

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2014/001137 Ceased WO2014203070A1 (fr) 2013-06-20 2014-06-20 Système de détection d'incendie

Country Status (2)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2014203070A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201602741B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017181572A1 (fr) * 2016-04-19 2017-10-26 北京小米移动软件有限公司 Procédé et dispositif d'alerte en cas d'anomalie liée à l'air

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5369397A (en) * 1989-09-06 1994-11-29 Gaztech International Corporation Adaptive fire detector
US20040090335A1 (en) * 2001-02-27 2004-05-13 Anton Pfefferseder Method for recognition of fire
US20080061996A1 (en) * 2004-07-19 2008-03-13 Kai Behle Smoke Warning System

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5369397A (en) * 1989-09-06 1994-11-29 Gaztech International Corporation Adaptive fire detector
US20040090335A1 (en) * 2001-02-27 2004-05-13 Anton Pfefferseder Method for recognition of fire
US20080061996A1 (en) * 2004-07-19 2008-03-13 Kai Behle Smoke Warning System

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017181572A1 (fr) * 2016-04-19 2017-10-26 北京小米移动软件有限公司 Procédé et dispositif d'alerte en cas d'anomalie liée à l'air
US10309673B2 (en) 2016-04-19 2019-06-04 Beijing Xiaomi Mobile Software Co., Ltd. Air anomaly alarming method, device and storage medium

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA201602741B (en) 2017-06-28

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