WO2015008672A1 - 防曇性物品 - Google Patents
防曇性物品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015008672A1 WO2015008672A1 PCT/JP2014/068263 JP2014068263W WO2015008672A1 WO 2015008672 A1 WO2015008672 A1 WO 2015008672A1 JP 2014068263 W JP2014068263 W JP 2014068263W WO 2015008672 A1 WO2015008672 A1 WO 2015008672A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- water
- water absorption
- absorbing layer
- curing agent
- polyepoxide
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/45—Anti-settling agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/28—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material
- C03C17/32—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with synthetic or natural resins
- C03C17/326—Epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
- C03C2217/75—Hydrophilic and oleophilic coatings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antifogging article, and particularly to an antifogging article having high antifogging properties and excellent antifogging durability.
- Transparent substrates such as glass and plastic have a so-called “cloudy” state when the substrate surface falls below the dew point temperature because fine water droplets adhere to the surface and scatter transmitted light. .
- Various proposals have been made as a means for preventing fogging.
- (1) a method of lowering the surface tension of water droplets attached by treating the substrate surface with a surfactant, (2) imparting a hydrophilic group to the substrate surface using a hydrophilic resin or a hydrophilic inorganic compound And (3) a method of maintaining the surface of the substrate above the dew point temperature by installing a heater or the like on the substrate and heating (4) providing a water-absorbing resin layer on the surface of the substrate.
- a surfactant (2) imparting a hydrophilic group to the substrate surface using a hydrophilic resin or a hydrophilic inorganic compound
- (3) a method of maintaining the surface of the substrate above the dew point temperature by installing a heater or the like on the substrate and heating (4) providing a water-absorbing resin layer on the surface of the substrate.
- the method (4) can exhibit excellent antifogging properties without requiring running costs and can maintain antifogging properties over time, it is regarded as a particularly excellent method as a means for preventing fogging. Yes.
- an antifogging technique using the method (4) specifically, an antifogging article having an antifogging film including a water-absorbing crosslinked resin layer obtained from polyepoxides (see Patent Document 1). Etc. have been proposed.
- the occurrence of fogging in the anti-fogging article can be suppressed or delayed up to a certain level, but the water absorption capacity is exceeded.
- moisture aggregates and adheres to the article it becomes cloudy. Therefore, development of an antifogging article having a higher antifogging performance and having an antifogging film whose high antifogging property is sustainable has been expected.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an antifogging article that has high antifogging properties and is excellent in antifogging durability.
- the antifogging article of the present invention has the following configuration.
- Surfactant whose main component is a cured epoxy resin obtained by reaction of polyepoxide and a curing agent on at least a part of the surface of the substrate, and whose HLB calculated by the Griffin method is in the range of 6-18.
- An anti-fogging article comprising a water-absorbing layer containing.
- an anti-fogging article having high anti-fogging properties and excellent anti-fogging durability can be provided.
- the anti-fogging article of the present invention is mainly composed of a cured epoxy resin obtained by a reaction between a polyepoxide and a curing agent on a substrate and at least a part of the surface of the substrate, and an HLB calculated by the Griffin method is 6 to 18.
- polyepoxide refers to a compound having two or more epoxy groups. Polyepoxide includes low molecular weight compounds, oligomers, and polymers. Hereinafter, the polyepoxide may be referred to as a main agent as necessary.
- the “cured epoxy resin” means a structure obtained by reacting a polyepoxide and a curing agent, a structure in which the polyepoxide is cross-linked with the curing agent to form a three-dimensional structure, and / or a polyepoxide is linear or three-dimensional by the action of the curing agent. This refers to a cured product having a polymerized structure.
- cured epoxy resin A surfactant having an HLB in the range of 6 to 18 calculated by the Griffin method is referred to as a surfactant (B).
- the antifogging property is exhibited by the water absorption layer on the substrate.
- the water-absorbing layer is mainly composed of the cured epoxy resin (A), and has a three-dimensional molecular structure and preferably has water absorption by the action of a hydrophilic group, thereby having antifogging properties and maintaining antifogging properties for a long time. Is possible.
- the water absorbing layer contains the surfactant (B), even when the water absorbing ability of the water absorbing layer reaches a saturated state, a water film is formed on the surface of the water absorbing layer by the action of the surfactant (B). Thus, higher antifogging properties are exhibited.
- the antifogging article of the present invention has high antifogging properties and is excellent in antifogging durability.
- the antifogging article of the present invention comprises the water absorbing layer on at least a part of the surface of the substrate.
- the surface of the substrate on which the water absorbing layer is formed is appropriately selected according to the application.
- a water absorption layer is formed on any one main surface of a pair of main surfaces which a base
- the anti-fogging article of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has the above water-absorbing layer on the substrate. For example, you may have a base layer between a base
- the substrate used in the antifogging article of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is made of a material generally required to impart antifogging properties.
- Preferred examples of the substrate include a substrate made of glass, plastic, metal, ceramics, or a combination thereof (composite material, laminated material, structure in which a plurality of layers are in close contact with each other, etc.), and more preferably Examples thereof include a transparent substrate made of glass or plastic and a mirror.
- the glass examples include ordinary soda lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, and quartz glass. Further, the glass surface may be physically or chemically strengthened.
- the plastic examples include acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate, aromatic polycarbonate resins such as polyphenylene carbonate, and aromatic polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Among these, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ) And polyphenylene carbonate are preferred.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- a substrate made of glass is particularly preferable in the present invention.
- the shape of the substrate may be a flat plate, or the entire surface or a part thereof may have a curvature.
- the thickness of the substrate can be appropriately selected depending on the use of the antifogging article, but is generally preferably 0.1 to 10 mm.
- the substrate preferably has a reactive group on the surface.
- a hydrophilic group is preferable, and as the hydrophilic group, a hydroxyl group is preferable.
- the surface of the substrate can be made hydrophilic by subjecting the substrate to oxygen plasma treatment, corona discharge treatment, ozone treatment, etc. to decompose and remove organic substances adhering to the surface or to form a fine uneven structure on the surface. Good.
- glass and a metal oxide usually have a hydroxyl group on the surface, and it is preferable from the viewpoint that the substrate is glass.
- the base is a metal oxide thin film such as silica, alumina, titania, zirconia on the surface of the base such as glass for the purpose of improving the adhesion with the water absorption layer formed on the surface of the antifogging article of the present invention.
- a metal oxide thin film such as silica, alumina, titania, zirconia on the surface of the base such as glass for the purpose of improving the adhesion with the water absorption layer formed on the surface of the antifogging article of the present invention.
- an organic group-containing metal oxide thin film is an organic group-containing metal oxide thin film.
- the metal oxide thin film can be formed by a known method such as a sol-gel method using a metal compound having a hydrolyzable group.
- a metal compound having a hydrolyzable group As the metal compound, tetraalkoxysilane, tetraisocyanatesilane, oligomers thereof (that is, partially hydrolyzed condensates thereof) and the like are preferable.
- the organic group-containing metal oxide thin film can be obtained by treating the substrate surface with an organometallic coupling agent.
- an organometallic coupling agent a silane coupling agent, a titanium coupling agent, an aluminum coupling agent, or the like can be used, and a silane coupling agent is preferably used.
- the water absorbing layer contains the cured epoxy resin (A) as a main component and further contains a surfactant (B).
- that the water-absorbing layer contains the cured epoxy resin (A) as a main component means that the cured epoxy resin (A) is a component having the largest content in the total solid content constituting the water-absorbing layer.
- the cured epoxy resin (A) is obtained by a reaction between a polyepoxide and a curing agent or / and a reaction between polyepoxides. Therefore, the water-absorbing layer in the antifogging article of the present invention is usually prepared as a water-absorbing layer-forming composition containing a polyepoxide that is a raw material of the cured epoxy resin (A), a curing agent, and a surfactant (B). It is formed by reacting after disposing it on a predetermined surface of the substrate.
- the content ratio of the cured epoxy resin (A) in the water absorption layer is shown as the total content ratio of the polyepoxide and the curing agent in the total solid content of the water absorption layer forming composition to be used.
- the polyepoxide and the curing agent which are raw materials for obtaining the cured epoxy resin (A), are not particularly limited as long as they can form a cured epoxy resin.
- the water-absorbing layer is a cured epoxy resin, it is extremely excellent in the balance of abrasion resistance, such as abrasion resistance of the film, and water absorption.
- a polyepoxide usually used as a raw material for a cured epoxy resin can be used without any particular limitation.
- Specific examples include glycidyl ether polyepoxides, glycidyl ester polyepoxides, glycidyl amine polyepoxides, cycloaliphatic polyepoxides, and (meth) acrylic polymers in which two or more epoxy groups are introduced in the side chain.
- “(Meth) acryl” is a general term for methacryl and acryl.
- the number of epoxy groups per molecule of the polyepoxide is not particularly limited as long as it is 2 or more on average, but it is preferably 2 to 10 and more preferably 2 to 7.
- the glycidyl ether-based polyepoxide has a structure in which a phenolic hydroxyl group of a polyphenol having two or more phenolic hydroxyl groups or an alcoholic hydroxyl group of a polyol having two or more alcoholic hydroxyl groups is substituted with a glycidyloxy group.
- a glycidyl ester polyepoxide has a structure in which a carboxy group of a polycarboxylic acid having two or more carboxy groups is substituted with a glycidyloxycarbonyl group, and a glycidylamine polyepoxide has two or more hydrogen atoms bonded to a nitrogen atom. It has a structure in which a hydrogen atom bonded to a nitrogen atom of an amine is substituted with a glycidyl group.
- the cycloaliphatic polyepoxide has a structure having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group (such as a 2,3-epoxycyclohexyl group) in which an oxygen atom is bonded between adjacent carbon atoms of the ring.
- an alicyclic hydrocarbon group such as a 2,3-epoxycyclohexyl group
- the water absorption of the cured epoxy resin mainly depends on the abundance of hydrophilic groups such as hydroxyl groups and hydrophilic chains (polyoxyethylene groups, etc.) derived from the main agent. Water absorption also depends on the degree of crosslinking in the cured epoxy resin. If the number of cross-linking points contained in the cured epoxy resin per unit amount is large, the cured epoxy resin has a dense three-dimensional network structure, and it is considered that the water absorption becomes low because the space for water retention becomes small. In general, the durability of the cured epoxy resin is improved if the number of crosslinking points is large. On the other hand, if the number of crosslinking points contained per unit amount is small, it is considered that the space for water retention becomes large and the water absorption becomes high, but the durability is lowered.
- hydrophilic groups such as hydroxyl groups and hydrophilic chains (polyoxyethylene groups, etc.) derived from the main agent.
- Water absorption also depends on the degree of crosslinking in the cured epoxy resin. If the
- the glass transition point of the cured epoxy resin is closely related to the number of crosslinking points in the cured epoxy resin.
- a resin having a high glass transition point is considered to have a large number of crosslinking points per unit amount. Therefore, it is generally preferable to control the glass transition point of the cured epoxy resin low to increase the antifogging performance, and to control the glass transition point of the cured epoxy resin high to increase durability.
- the glass transition point of the cured epoxy resin (A) mainly forming the water absorbing layer is preferably ⁇ 20 to 60 ° C., depending on the type of the cured epoxy resin, and is preferably ⁇ 5 to 40 ° C. More preferably.
- the glass transition point is a value measured according to JIS K7121. Specifically, it is a value measured using a differential scanning calorimeter after providing a resin layer as a specimen on a substrate and leaving it in an environment of 20 ° C. and 50% RH for 1 hour. However, the heating rate at the time of measurement shall be 10 degrees C / min.
- a polyepoxide for obtaining a cured epoxy resin (A) having a large space for water retention in a three-dimensional network structure while having an appropriate crosslinking density a polyepoxide having no aromatic nucleus, that is, Aliphatic polyepoxides and / or alicyclic polyepoxides are preferred, and aliphatic polyepoxides are more preferred.
- glycidyl ether-based polyepoxides derived from polyphenols or polyols are preferable, and glycidyl ether-based resins derived from aliphatic polyols and alicyclic polyols.
- Polyepoxides are more preferable, and aliphatic glycidyl ether-based polyepoxides are particularly preferable.
- glycidyl ether-based polyepoxides derived from polyphenols include bisphenol-type diglycidyl ethers such as bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, bis (4-glycidyloxyphenyl), and phenol novolac type diglycidyl ether. And aromatic polycarboxylic acid polyglycidyl esters such as cresol novolac-type diglycidyl ethers and phthalic acid diglycidyl esters. Of these aromatic polyepoxides, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether are preferably used.
- the raw material polyol of the glycidyl ether polyepoxide derived from polyols includes polyols having no aromatic nucleus such as aliphatic polyols and alicyclic polyols, and the number of hydroxyl groups per molecule is preferably 2 to 8. ⁇ 4 are more preferred.
- polyols aliphatic polyols are preferably used. Examples of aliphatic polyols include alkane polyols, etheric oxygen atom-containing polyols, sugar alcohols, polyoxyalkylene polyols, and polyester polyols.
- the polyoxyalkylene polyol is obtained, for example, by ring-opening addition polymerization of a monoepoxide such as propylene oxide or ethylene oxide to a relatively low molecular weight polyol such as an alkane polyol, an etheric oxygen atom-containing polyol, or a sugar alcohol.
- a monoepoxide such as propylene oxide or ethylene oxide
- a relatively low molecular weight polyol such as an alkane polyol, an etheric oxygen atom-containing polyol, or a sugar alcohol.
- the polyester polyol include a compound having a structure in which an aliphatic diol and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid are condensed and a compound having a structure in which a cyclic ester is ring-opening polymerized.
- glycidyl ether-based polyepoxides derived from aliphatic polyols include ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, dipropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,4-butanediol diester.
- Glycidyl ether 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, glycerol polyglycidyl ether, diglycerol polyglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane polyglycidyl ether, sorbitol polyglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol polyglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyoxy Propylene diol diglycidyl ether, polyoxypropylene triol Glycidyl ether, poly (oxypropylene-oxyethylene) triol triglycidyl ether, polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether, and the like.
- glycerol polyglycidyl ether diglycerol polyglycidyl ether, polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether, and sorbitol polyglycidyl ether are particularly preferable.
- polyepoxides other than glycidyl ether-based polyepoxides include hexahydrophthalic acid diglycidyl ester, tetrahydrophthalic acid diglycidyl ester, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3 ′, 4′-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate, bis (3,3 4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl) adipate and the like.
- the molecular weight of the polyepoxide is preferably 100 to 4000, more preferably 300 to 3000, and particularly preferably 400 to 2500 from the viewpoints of durability, antifogging properties, appearance, and the like.
- the epoxy equivalent of the polyepoxide (gram number of resin containing 1 gram equivalent of epoxy group [g / eq]) is preferably 120 to 200 g / eq, and more preferably 130 to 190 g / eq.
- the molecular weight means a mass average molecular weight (Mw) unless otherwise specified.
- the mass average molecular weight (Mw) in this specification means the mass average molecular weight which uses polystyrene as a standard measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- Denacol EX-313 molecular weight (Mw): an aliphatic glycidyl ether-based polyepoxide, which is a glycerol polyglycidyl ether, all manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation.
- Denacol EX-314 (molecular weight (Mw): 454, average number of epoxy groups: 2.3 / molecule), Denacol EX-512, which is polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether (Molecular weight (Mw): 630, average number of epoxy groups: 4.1 / molecule), Denacol EX-521 (molecular weight (Mw): 1294, average number of epoxy groups: 6.3 / molecule), and the like.
- Denacol EX-1410 (Molecular weight (Mw): 988, average number of epoxy groups: 3.5 / molecule), Denacol EX-1610 (Molecular weight (Mw): 1130, average number of epoxy groups: 4) which are aliphatic polyglycidyl ethers. 5) / molecule), Denacol EX-610U (molecular weight (Mw): 1408, average number of epoxy groups: 4.5 / molecule), and the like.
- Examples of sorbitol polyglycidyl ether include Denacol EX-614B (molecular weight (Mw): 949, average number of epoxy groups: 6.1 / molecule).
- these polyepoxides may be used independently and may use 2 or more types together.
- the curing agent used together with the polyepoxide to obtain the cured epoxy resin (A) is a compound having two or more reactive groups that react with the epoxy group of the polyepoxide and is polyadded to the polyepoxide by reaction.
- the catalyst type curing agent includes a thermosetting type and a photocuring type, both of which are treated as a catalyst type curing agent.
- the polyaddition type curing agent and the catalyst type curing agent may be used alone or in combination. Preferably, both are used together.
- the polyaddition type curing agent to be used is a compound having two or more reactive groups that react with the epoxy group of the polyepoxide, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a curing agent that polyadds to the polyepoxide by reaction.
- the reactive group that reacts with the epoxy group in the polyaddition type curing agent examples include an amino group having active hydrogen, a carboxy group, and a thiol group. That is, the polyaddition type curing agent is preferably a compound having two or more amino groups having active hydrogen, a compound having two or more carboxy groups, or a compound having two or more thiol groups, more preferably active hydrogen. A compound having two or more amino groups having the formula is used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amino group having active hydrogen specifically refers to a primary amino group represented by —NH 2 or a secondary amino group represented by> NH.
- the active hydrogen bonded to the amino group is referred to as “amine active hydrogen”.
- a compound having an amino group having active hydrogen is referred to as an amine compound having active hydrogen
- a compound having two or more amino groups having active hydrogen is referred to as a polyamine compound having active hydrogen.
- a secondary amino group having a primary amino group at the terminal such as an N-aminoalkyl-substituted amino group or a hydrazinyl group, is counted as one amino group having active hydrogen.
- polyamine compound refers to a polyamine compound having active hydrogen.
- polyamines, polycarboxylic acid anhydrides, polyamides, and the like can be used as polyaddition type curing agents.
- polyamines having no aromatic nucleus and polycarboxylic acid anhydrides having no aromatic nucleus are preferable, and polyamines having no aromatic nucleus are particularly preferable.
- Polyamines having 2 to 4 amino groups are preferred as polyamines, and dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, tricarboxylic acid anhydrides, and tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides are preferred as polycarboxylic acid anhydrides.
- polyamines having no aromatic nucleus aliphatic polyamine compounds and alicyclic polyamine compounds are preferable, and aliphatic polyamine compounds are particularly preferable.
- Specific examples of these polyamines include ethylenediamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, hexamethylenediamine, polyoxyalkylenepolyamine, isophoronediamine, mensendiamine, 3,9-bis (3-aminopropyl)- 2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro (5,5) undecane and the like.
- the polyoxyalkylene polyamine is a polyamine having a structure in which the hydroxyl group of the polyoxyalkylene polyol is substituted with an amino group, for example, a structure in which the hydroxyl group of a polyoxypropylene polyol having 2 to 4 hydroxyl groups is substituted with an amino group And compounds having 2 to 4 amino groups having The molecular weight per amino group is preferably 1000 or less, and particularly preferably 500 or less.
- polycarboxylic acid anhydride having no aromatic nucleus examples include succinic anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, 4-methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, and the like.
- polystdition type curing agent Commercially available products can be used as the polyaddition type curing agent.
- polyoxyalkylene triamine specifically, as polyoxyalkylene triamine, Jeffamine T403 (trade name, manufactured by Huntsman, Mw: 390) and the like, as polyether polythiol, polythiol QE-340M (trade name, Toray Industries, Inc.) Fine chemicals).
- the blending ratio of the polyepoxide, which is a raw material component of the cured epoxy resin (A) used in the present invention, and the polyaddition type curing agent is such that the reactive group of the polyaddition type curing agent reacts with the epoxy group at a ratio of 1: 1.
- the equivalent ratio of the reactive group of the polyaddition type curing agent to the epoxy group derived from polyepoxide is preferably in a ratio of 0.6 to 1.5, more preferably 0.7 to 1.0.
- the cured epoxy resin (A) having a three-dimensional network structure that is appropriately cross-linked so as to obtain high water absorption can be obtained without lowering.
- the equivalent ratio of amine active hydrogen to epoxy group derived from polyepoxide is 0.6 to 0.8. Is preferred.
- the equivalent ratio of the amine active hydrogen to the epoxy group is within the above range, the cured epoxy resin (A) having a three-dimensional network structure appropriately crosslinked so as to obtain high water absorption can be obtained.
- the equivalent ratio of the amine active hydrogen with respect to an epoxy group is the same range as the above also when it calculates about the total solid content which the composition for water absorption layer formation contains. That is, when various components other than the polyepoxide and polyaddition type curing agent contained in the composition for forming a water absorbing layer described below, for example, a coupling agent has an amino group having an epoxy group or active hydrogen, these components The total amount obtained by adding the amount of epoxy group and amine active hydrogen possessed by the amount of epoxy group and amine active hydrogen possessed by polyepoxide and polyaddition type curing agent is used to calculate the equivalent ratio of amine active hydrogen to epoxy group. It is preferable to make it the same as the above range of the equivalent ratio. However, in the components described below, amine active hydrogen possessed by a catalyst-type curing agent such as imidazole does not basically undergo a crosslinking reaction with an epoxy group, and thus is not included in the calculation of the equivalent ratio.
- a catalyst-type curing agent such as imi
- examples of the curing agent used together with the polyepoxide include a catalytic curing agent in addition to the polyaddition curing agent.
- the catalyst type curing agent may be used alone as the curing agent, it is preferably used in combination with the polyaddition type curing agent.
- the catalyst-type curing agent is not particularly limited as long as it is a reaction catalyst such as a Lewis acid and catalyzes a polymerization reaction between polyepoxides and / or a polyaddition reaction between a polyepoxide and a polyaddition-type curing agent. Can be used.
- the effect of accelerating the crosslinking rate by polyepoxide alone or by polyaddition reaction between polyepoxide and polyaddition type curing agent, or by forming polyepoxide alone or with polyepoxide and polyaddition type curing agent is acquired.
- An example of a defect in the cross-linked site is the color development of the cured epoxy resin due to the alteration of the cross-linked site due to heat load.
- catalytic curing agents include curing catalysts such as tertiary amines, imidazoles, Lewis acids, onium salts, and phosphines. More specifically, 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol, boron trifluoride-amine complex, methyl p-toluenesulfonate, diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate, tri Examples thereof include phenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate. As the catalyst type curing agent, one of these may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination.
- curing catalysts such as tertiary amines, imidazoles, Lewis acids, onium salts, and phosphines. More specifically, 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol, boron triflu
- the onium salts exemplified above are catalytic curing agents that generate a Lewis acid catalyst by being decomposed by light such as ultraviolet rays, and are usually photocured. It is used as a catalyst-type curing agent that gives a cured epoxy resin.
- imidazole compounds such as 2-methylimidazole and 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole are preferable as the catalyst-type curing agent used in the present invention.
- Adekaoptomer SP152 (trade name, manufactured by ADEKA) as a triarylsulfonium salt that is a photocurable catalyst-type curing agent.
- the amount of the catalytic curing agent used is preferably 1.0 to 20% by mass, more preferably 1 to 10% by mass, and particularly preferably 1 to 5% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the polyepoxide. If the usage-amount of the catalyst type hardening
- curing agent with respect to 100 mass% of polyepoxides is 20 mass% or less, the residue of a catalyst-type hardening
- the cured epoxy resin (A) is a component mainly constituting the water absorption layer, and is a component contributing to the expression of water absorption. Accordingly, the cured epoxy resin (A) is preferably a cured epoxy resin having high water absorption.
- the water absorption of the cured epoxy resin can be indicated by a saturated water absorption measured by the following method.
- the saturated water absorption amount of the cured epoxy resin (A) used for the water absorption layer is preferably 120 mg / cm 3 or more, and more preferably 150 mg / cm 3 or more.
- the saturated water absorption amount of the cured epoxy resin (A) takes the above value, the water absorption layer can ensure sufficient water absorption.
- the saturated water absorption of the cured epoxy resin (A) is preferably 900 mg / cm 3 or less, 500 mg / cm 3 or less is more preferable.
- a cured epoxy resin layer (hereinafter referred to as “resin layer”) serving as a specimen is provided on a substrate, for example, a 3 cm ⁇ 4 cm ⁇ 2 mm thick soda lime glass substrate, and this is formed at a constant temperature and humidity in an environment of 10 ° C. and 95 to 99% RH.
- the moisture content (I) of the entire substrate with the resin layer is measured using a trace moisture meter. Further, the moisture content (II) is measured for the substrate only by the same procedure. The value obtained by subtracting the water content (I) from the water content (I) by the volume of the resin layer is defined as the saturated water absorption.
- the moisture content is measured with a trace moisture meter FM-300 (trade name, manufactured by Kett Science Laboratory) as follows.
- the measurement sample is heated at 120 ° C., the moisture released from the sample is adsorbed to the molecular sieve in the micro moisture meter, and the mass change of the molecular sieve is measured as the moisture content.
- the end point of the measurement is the time when the mass change per 25 seconds becomes 0.05 mg or less.
- the water-absorbing layer contains a surfactant (B) having an HLB in the range of 6 to 18 calculated by the Griffin method.
- a surfactant (B) having an HLB in the range of 6 to 18 calculated by the Griffin method.
- the above functions can be achieved if the HLB is in the range of 6-18.
- the preferable range of HLB is 7 to 17, and 8 to 16 is more preferable.
- Surfactants with an HLB of less than 6 do not provide sufficient antifogging effect due to insufficient water film formation on the surface, and surfactants with an HLB of more than 18 have low affinity with cured epoxy resins, resulting in increased haze. It is a problem.
- nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether, polyoxyalkylene fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, polyoxyalkylene alkylamine, poly Among the oxyalkylene alkylamides, polyoxyalkylene phenyl ethers, polyoxyalkylene polycyclic phenyl ethers and the like, surfactants having an HLB of 6 to 18 can be mentioned.
- a polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether having an HLB of 6 to 18 is preferable from the viewpoint of water film formation performance due to hydrophilicity.
- the number of carbon atoms of alkylene in the polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether is preferably 2 to 4, ethylene and propylene are preferred, and ethylene is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of water film formation performance due to hydrophilicity.
- R 1 O [(EO) a / (PO) b ] —H
- EO represents an oxyethylene group (—CH 2 CH 2 O—)
- PO represents an oxypropylene group (—CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O—).
- R 1 represents a linear or branched or cyclic structure having 10 to 18 carbon atoms and may contain an alkyl or alkenyl group.
- a represents a number from 0 to 40
- b represents a number from 0 to 20, and a + b> 0.
- HLB is 6-18.
- EO and PO may be combined in blocks, alternately or randomly.
- polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers represented by the formula (1) a linear alkyl group having 10 to 16 carbon atoms is preferable for R 1 from the viewpoint of water film formation performance due to hydrophilicity.
- polyoxyalkylene moiety a polyoxyethylene structure in which only 5 to 20 EO are bonded repeatedly is preferable from the viewpoint of water film formation performance due to hydrophilicity.
- polyoxyethylene lauryl ether is particularly preferable.
- Such a surfactant (B) has a molecular weight of about 300 to 2,000. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a commercially available product can be used as the surfactant (B). Specifically as such a commercial item, the commercial item shown in following Table 1 can be used.
- the content of the surfactant (B) in the water absorbing layer is preferably 2.0 to 20.0% by mass, more preferably 3.0 to 14.0% by mass with respect to the total solid content.
- the content of the total amount of the cured epoxy resin (A) and the inorganic filler and coupling agent described below with respect to 100 parts by mass is preferably 2.5 to 22.0 parts by mass, and preferably 3.5 to 16. 0 parts by mass is more preferable.
- the content of the surfactant (B) in the water absorption layer within the above range, a water film is formed on the surface of the water absorption layer when water is supplied in excess of the water absorption capability of the cured epoxy resin (A). Capability can be maintained for a long time. Further, the hardness of the water absorption layer, for example, Martens hardness can be maintained in a usable range, and an increase in haze can be suppressed.
- the water-absorbing layer in the antifogging article of the present invention in addition to the cured epoxy resin (A) and the surfactant (B), which are essential components, the water-absorbing layer in the antifogging article of the present invention, as an optional component, various functional additive components that the water-absorbing layer usually contains, For example, an inorganic filler, a coupling agent and / or a reaction component thereof, other functional addition components, and the like can be contained within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention.
- An inorganic filler is a component which can give high mechanical strength and heat resistance to a water absorption layer by adding this. Moreover, when obtaining the cured epoxy resin (A), specifically, the curing shrinkage of the resin during the curing reaction of the polyepoxide and the curing agent can be reduced.
- a filler made of a metal oxide is preferable. Examples of the metal oxide include silica, alumina, titania, and zirconia. Among these, silica is preferable.
- a filler made of the metal oxide In addition to the filler made of the metal oxide, a filler made of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or ATO (Antimony Tin Oxide) can also be used. Since ITO and ATO have infrared absorptivity, heat absorption can be imparted to the water absorption layer. Therefore, if a filler made of ITO or ATO is used, an antifogging effect due to heat ray absorption can be expected in addition to water absorption.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- ATO Antimony Tin Oxide
- the average primary particle diameter is preferably 300 nm or less, more preferably 100 nm or less, and particularly preferably 50 nm or less.
- the average primary particle diameter is 300 nm or less, the tendency of aggregation of particles in a composition containing the average particle diameter does not increase, and sedimentation of particles can be avoided.
- production of the cloudiness (cloudiness value, haze) by scattering can be suppressed, and it is preferable to set it as the said particle diameter from the point of transparency maintenance.
- the lower limit of the average primary particle diameter is not particularly limited, but particles of about 2 nm that can be produced by the current technology can also be used.
- the average primary particle diameter of the particles refers to that measured from an observation image with a transmission electron microscope.
- the blending amount of the inorganic filler is preferably 0.5 to 95 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the main component and the curing agent of the cured epoxy resin (A), and 1 to 90 parts by mass. Is more preferable. If the blending amount of the inorganic filler with respect to 100 parts by mass of the cured epoxy resin (A) is set to the above lower limit value or more, mechanical strength can be imparted to the water absorption layer. Moreover, it is easy to suppress the fall of the cure shrinkage reduction effect of a cured epoxy resin (A). Moreover, if the compounding quantity of an inorganic filler shall be below the said upper limit, the space for water absorption can fully be ensured, and it will be easy to make water absorption and antifogging property high.
- the silica preferably used as the inorganic filler more preferably, silica fine particles are described later as water or colloidal silica dispersed in an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isobutanol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, butyl acetate or the like. It can mix
- Colloidal silica includes silica hydrosol dispersed in water and organosilica sol in which water is replaced with an organic solvent. When blended in a water-absorbing layer forming composition, the colloidal silica is selected according to the solvent preferably used in the composition. Silica hydrosol or organosilica sol is used. For example, when the solvent used in the water-absorbing layer forming composition is an organic solvent, it is preferable to use an organosilica sol using the same organic solvent as the dispersion medium.
- an organosilica sol a commercially available product can be used.
- silica fine particles having an average primary particle diameter of 10 to 20 nm are in isopropanol, and the SiO 2 content is 30 mass with respect to the total amount of the organosilica sol.
- Organosilica sol IPA-ST (trade name, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.), organosilica sol MEK-ST (trade name, Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) in which the organic solvent of organosilica sol IPA-ST was changed from isopropanol to methyl ethyl ketone And organosilica sol NBAC-ST (trade name, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) in which the organic solvent of organosilica sol IPA-ST is changed from isopropanol to butyl acetate.
- colloidal silica is used as the silica fine particles, the amount of the solvent to be blended in the water absorbing layer forming composition is appropriately adjusted in consideration of the amount of solvent contained in the colloidal silica.
- the inorganic filler is blended in the water-absorbing layer forming composition as a silica precursor such as tetraethoxysilane, and is present in the film as silica when the water-absorbing layer is formed. Also good.
- silica precursor such as tetraethoxysilane
- silicate compounds such as tetramethoxysilane, monomethyltriethoxysilane, monomethyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, and dimethyldiethoxysilane can be used in addition to the tetraethoxysilane.
- titania, zirconia and the like exemplified as inorganic fillers other than silica, alkoxide and acetylacetonate can be used as precursors, and zirconium chloride can also be used particularly for zirconia.
- a coupling agent is added to the water-absorbing layer-forming composition to increase the adhesion between the water-absorbing layer and the substrate in contact with the base layer and, if necessary, the base layer when forming the water-absorbing layer. It is a component that acts.
- the coupling agent has a reactive group, the reactive group reacts with other components constituting the water-absorbing layer to improve the adhesion, so it was added to the water-absorbing layer forming composition.
- the coupling agent is present in a slightly different shape after the water absorption layer is formed. About a coupling agent, it is not the state which exists in a water absorption layer, but demonstrates below as a coupling agent added to the composition for water absorption layer formation.
- the coupling agent has a functional group reactive with the main agent or the curing agent of the cured epoxy resin (A)
- the coupling agent has the physical properties of the water absorption layer in addition to the purpose of improving the adhesion. It can also be used for adjustment purposes.
- the coupling agent preferably has a reactive group capable of reacting with the main component of the cured epoxy resin (A) and the reactive group of the curing agent.
- an organometallic coupling agent or a polyfunctional organic compound is preferable, and an organometallic coupling agent is particularly preferable.
- the organometallic coupling agent is a compound having one or more bonds between metal atoms and carbon atoms, and the number of bonds between metal atoms and carbon atoms is preferably one or two.
- Examples of the organometallic coupling agent include a silane coupling agent (hereinafter referred to as a silane coupling agent), a titanium coupling agent, and an aluminum coupling agent, and a silane coupling agent is preferable.
- These coupling agents preferably have a reactive group that the main component or curing agent of the cured epoxy resin (A) has, and a reactive group that can react with a reactive group remaining on the surface of the substrate or the underlayer described later. .
- a silane coupling agent is a compound in which one or more hydrolyzable groups and one or more monovalent organic groups (however, the terminal bonded to the silicon atom is a carbon atom) are bonded to the silicon atom.
- One of the monovalent organic groups is a functional organic group (an organic group having a reactive group).
- an alkyl group having 4 or less carbon atoms is preferable.
- the number of hydrolyzable groups bonded to the silicon atom is preferably 2 or 3.
- the silane coupling agent is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (2).
- R 2 represents a monovalent functional organic group
- R 3 represents an alkyl group having 4 or less carbon atoms
- c represents an integer of 0 or 1.
- R 3 is preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and particularly preferably a methyl group.
- X is a hydrolyzable group such as a chlorine atom, an alkoxy group, an acyl group, or an amino group, and an alkoxy group having 4 or less carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
- the monovalent functional organic group represented by R 2 is preferably an alkenyl group having an addition polymerizable unsaturated group or an alkyl group having a reactive group.
- the alkyl group having a reactive group may be an alkyl group substituted with an organic group having a reactive group. Such an alkyl group preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the reactive group include an epoxy group, amino group, mercapto group, ureido group, hydroxyl group, carboxy group, acryloxy group, methacryloxy group, and isocyanate group.
- Examples of the organic group having such a reactive group include a glycidyloxy group (glycidoxy group), an epoxycyclohexyl group, an alkylamino group, a dialkylamino group, an arylamino group, and an N-aminoalkyl-substituted amino group. .
- a silane coupling agent whose reactive group is an epoxy group, an amino group, a mercapto group, or a ureido group is preferable.
- silane coupling agents examples include 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, and 3-glycol.
- a silane coupling agent having an amino group such as ethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane is preferably used.
- the blending amount of the coupling agent in the water absorbing layer forming composition is not an essential component, so there is no lower limit. However, in order to fully exhibit the effect of the coupling agent blending, the coupling agent is used with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the main component and the curing agent of the cured epoxy resin (A) in the composition for forming the water absorption layer.
- the mass ratio is preferably 5 to 40 parts by mass, and more preferably 10 to 30 parts by mass.
- the blending amount of the coupling agent with respect to the total amount of the water-absorbing layer forming composition is preferably 2 to 10% by mass, for example, and preferably 3 to 7% by mass when a silane coupling agent is used. More preferred.
- the equivalent ratio of amine active hydrogen to the epoxy group is the above polyaddition type curing.
- the amine active hydrogen in the agent and the amine active hydrogen in the coupling agent are combined to calculate the equivalent ratio with the epoxy group in the polyepoxide so as to be in the preferred range (0.6 to 0.8).
- the polyaddition type curing agent having a reactive group other than an amino group having active hydrogen and a coupling agent having an amino group having active hydrogen are used in combination, the polyaddition type with respect to the epoxy group of the polyepoxide is used.
- the total of the equivalent ratio of the active hydrogen possessed by the reactive group of the curing agent and the equivalent ratio of the amine active hydrogen possessed by the coupling agent relative to the epoxy group is set to be within the preferred range.
- the equivalent ratio of the active hydrogen possessed by the amine active hydrogen or the reactive group relative to the epoxy group is as follows: By combining the epoxy group of the polyepoxide and the epoxy group of the coupling agent, the equivalent ratio of the active hydrogen of the polyaddition type curing agent and the active hydrogen of the reactive group is calculated, and is in the preferred range. Like that.
- ⁇ Other functional additives Specific examples of other functional additive components contained in the water absorption layer include leveling agents, antifoaming agents, viscosity modifiers, light stabilizers, antioxidants, and ultraviolet absorbers.
- leveling agents include polydimethylsiloxane surface conditioners (commercially available products such as BYK307 (trade name, manufactured by BYK Chemie)), acrylic copolymer surface conditioners, fluorine-modified polymer surface conditioners, and the like.
- foaming agent include silicone-based antifoaming agents and organic antifoaming agents such as higher alcohols, and examples of the viscosity adjusting agent include acrylic copolymers, polycarboxylic acid amides, and modified urea compounds.
- the light stabilizer examples include hindered amines, nickel bis (octylphenyl) sulfide, nickel complex-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl phosphate monoethylate, nickel complexes such as nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate, and the like.
- As the light stabilizer bis- (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate (as a commercial product, ADK STAB LA-72 (trade name, manufactured by ADEKA)) is preferable as a hindered amine. .
- Antioxidants include phenolic antioxidants that suppress the oxidation of resins by capturing and decomposing peroxy radicals, and phosphorus antioxidants that suppress the oxidation of resins by decomposing peroxides.
- a phenolic antioxidant is preferably used.
- Examples of commercially available phenolic antioxidants include ADK STAB AO-50 (trade name, manufactured by ADEKA).
- the ultraviolet absorber examples include conventionally known ultraviolet absorbers, specifically, benzophenone compounds, triazine compounds, benzotriazole compounds, and the like. Specifically, 2- (2-hydroxy-4- [ 1-octylcarbonylethoxy] phenyl) -4,6-bis (4-phenylphenyl) -1,3,5-triazine, TINUVIN400 (trade name, manufactured by BASF) and the like.
- Each component may be used in combination of two or more of the exemplified compounds.
- the content of various components in the water-absorbing layer forming composition is 0.001 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the main component and the curing agent of the cured epoxy resin (A) for each component. be able to.
- the water-absorbing layer in the antifogging article of the present invention contains polyepoxide and a curing agent, which are raw materials of the cured epoxy resin (A), as essential components, and a surfactant (B), and is described above as an optional component as necessary. It is a water-absorbing layer mainly composed of a cured epoxy resin (A) obtained by reacting the composition for forming a water-absorbing layer containing various functional additive components, and a surfactant (B) as an essential component.
- the water absorbing layer forming composition usually contains a solvent in order to form the water absorbing layer uniformly and with good workability.
- the reaction of the polyepoxide and the curing agent contained in the water-absorbing layer-forming composition, and the reactive components blended as necessary, is applied as the water-absorbing layer-forming composition on the coated surface (if it has a substrate or an underlayer). It is performed after coating on the base layer), but when the composition contains a solvent, these components are reacted in advance in the composition before coating on the coating surface, then coated on the coating surface, and after drying, Further reaction may be performed.
- the reaction temperature when the reaction is performed in advance is 30 ° C. or higher, the curing reaction surely proceeds. preferable.
- solubility and dispersibility of the polyepoxide which is the raw material of the cured epoxy resin (A), the curing agent, the surfactant (B), and other optional components are included. Is not particularly limited as long as it is a good solvent and is inert to these components, and specific examples include alcohols, acetates, ethers, ketones, water, and the like. .
- the cured epoxy resin (A) may be difficult to form due to the reaction between the solvent and the epoxy group depending on the type of polyepoxide. Therefore, when a protic solvent is used, it is preferable to select a solvent that does not easily react with the polyepoxide.
- protic solvents examples include ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and n-propyl alcohol.
- solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- compounding components such as a polyepoxide, a hardening
- the solvent contained in the mixture may be used as it is as a solvent in the water-absorbing layer-forming composition, and the water-absorbing layer-forming composition may contain the same or other solvents. May be added.
- the amount of the solvent in the water-absorbing layer-forming composition is 100 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total solid content of the polyepoxide, the curing agent, the surfactant (B), and other various blended ingredients.
- the amount is preferably 500 parts by mass, and more preferably 100 to 300 parts by mass.
- the total blending amount of the polyepoxide and the curing agent in the water absorbing layer forming composition is preferably 5 to 50% by mass, and more preferably 15 to 40% by mass with respect to the total amount of the composition.
- the water-absorbing layer in the antifogging article of the present invention is obtained by applying the water-absorbing layer-forming composition to the coated surface (on the substrate or on the base layer if it has a base layer), and the reactive component contained in the composition. Is a layer obtained by reacting.
- the method for applying the water-absorbing layer forming composition to the coated surface is not particularly limited, and is a flow coating method, a dip coating method, a spin coating method, a spray coating method, a flexographic printing method, a screen printing method, a gravure printing method, a roll.
- Known methods such as a coating method, a meniscus coating method, a die coating method, and a wiping method can be applied.
- the coating thickness of the water-absorbing layer forming composition is such that the thickness of the water-absorbing layer finally obtained by reaction of the reaction components in the composition is within a predetermined range.
- the solvent is removed by drying, a curing treatment is performed under conditions suitable for the reaction components used, a cured epoxy resin (A) as a main component, a surfactant ( A water-absorbing layer containing B) is used. Specific examples of conditions for removing the solvent by drying include 50 to 90 ° C. and 5 to 15 minutes.
- the reaction component in the water-absorbing layer forming composition that is, the reaction condition between the polyepoxide and the curing agent, specifically includes heat treatment at 50 to 120 ° C. for about 10 to 60 minutes.
- a treatment such as performing UV irradiation of 50 to 1000 mJ / cm 2 for 5 to 10 seconds with a UV curing device or the like can be given.
- the reaction of the composition may be performed under constant humidification conditions.
- humidifying conditions include 40 to 80% RH, and conditions of 50 to 80% RH are more preferable. If more preferable reaction conditions are shown together with the temperature conditions, reaction conditions of 50 to 80% RH, 70 to 100 ° C., and 5 to 30 minutes can be mentioned. More preferable conditions include reaction conditions of 50 to 80% RH, 80 to 100 ° C., and 10 to 30 minutes.
- the film thickness of the water absorption layer according to the antifogging article of the present invention is preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, and particularly preferably 10 ⁇ m or more. Thereby, it becomes easy to secure a necessary saturated water absorption amount.
- the film thickness of the water absorbing layer is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 40 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the design such as the film thickness of a water absorption layer, according to the calculated
- the saturated water absorption measured in the same manner as the method described for the cured epoxy resin (A) is 50 mg / cm 3 or more. 70 mg / cm 3 or more is preferable, and 100 mg / cm 3 or more is more preferable.
- the above saturated water absorption is an evaluation index related to the water absorption of the water absorption layer.
- the water-absorbing layer of the anti-fogging article of the present invention contains the surfactant (B) to prevent fogging by forming a water film on the surface of the water-absorbing layer when water is supplied in excess of the saturated water absorption. Can do.
- the surfactant (B) is present in the layer, but an appropriate amount is considered to be present on the surface of the layer.
- the water contact angle CA 1 measured 1 second after dropping a 1 ⁇ L water droplet on the surface of the water absorption layer and the water contact angle CA 60 measured 60 seconds later can be evaluated. If the water film is formed, the water contact angle becomes small, and if the water film is not formed, the water contact angle shows a value larger than a certain value.
- CA 1 is 60 degrees or less and CA 60 is 20 degrees or less, a water film is formed on the surface of the water absorption layer when water of a saturated water absorption amount or more is supplied to the water absorption layer, and sufficient antifogging performance is provided. Then you can evaluate.
- CA 1 is more preferably 50 ° or less, and particularly preferably 40 ° or less.
- CA 60 is more preferably 15 degrees or less, and particularly preferably 12 degrees or less.
- the water absorption layer in the antifogging article of the present invention is preferably a water absorption layer capable of setting the antifogging time defined below to 20 seconds or more, more preferably 60 seconds or more, and more preferably 70 seconds or more.
- the anti-fogging time was determined by leaving a substrate with a water absorption layer produced in the same manner as used for the measurement of saturated water absorption for 1 hour in an environment of 20 ° C. and 50% RH, and then setting the surface of the water absorption layer to 40 ° C. It is the time until cloudiness is recognized by visual inspection when bathing on a warm water bath. Note that soda-lime glass that has not been subjected to anti-fogging processing usually fogs in about 1 to 3 seconds in the above test.
- the loading speed and the unloading speed F 0.05 mN / in the water absorption layer after the antifogging article is left in an environment of 20 ° C. and 50% relative humidity for 1 hour.
- the Martens hardness of the water absorbing layer exceeds 100 N / mm 2 , it is difficult for the surfactant (B) present in the water absorbing layer to be exposed to the surface of the water absorbing layer, and the water film forming ability is hardly sustained.
- the Martens hardness is more preferably 90 N / mm 2 or less, and particularly preferably 80 N / mm 2 or less.
- Martens hardness of the water absorbing layer from the viewpoint of mechanical strength and durability, 30 N / mm 2 or more preferably, 40N / mm 2 or more is more preferable.
- the water absorption layer in the anti-fogging article of the present invention is further promoted to cure even after being formed as the water absorption layer. Hardness may increase over time. Therefore, the cured state of the water absorbing layer can be defined as a fully cured state when the change rate of Martens hardness before and after being left for 3 days is within 5%.
- the preferable upper limit and lower limit of the Martens hardness are the Martens hardness when the water absorption layer is completely cured.
- the haze (cloudiness value) in the antifogging article of the present invention is, for example, 0.50% or less as a value measured using a haze meter (manufactured by Gardner, Hazeguard Plus) in accordance with JIS K 7361. Is preferable, 0.40% or less is more preferable, and 0.35% or less is particularly preferable.
- abrasion resistance of the water absorption layer in the antifogging article of the present invention for example, in accordance with JIS R 3212 (inside of the vehicle), using a wear wheel CS-10F with a Taber 5130 type abrasion tester.
- a load of 4.90 N is applied for 100 rotations, and the change in haze (haze value) ⁇ H (%) is measured, ⁇ H is 5.0%
- ⁇ H is 5.0%
- the following is preferable, and 4.0% or less is more preferable.
- the antifogging article of the present invention may have a base layer in order to enhance the durability of the water absorbing layer between the substrate and the water absorbing layer.
- the underlayer is a cured epoxy resin obtained by reacting a polyepoxide and a curing agent, and is mainly composed of a cured epoxy resin having a low water absorption compared to the cured epoxy resin (A) mainly constituting the water absorbing layer. A layer is preferred.
- the cured epoxy resin mainly constituting the base layer is referred to as a cured epoxy resin (Ab).
- cured epoxy resin (Ab) is preferably saturated water absorption amount measured by the above method is 10 mg / cm 3 or less, 8 mg / cm 3 or less is more preferable.
- the saturated water absorption of the cured epoxy resin (Ab) is, 1 mg / cm 3 or more preferably, 3 mg / cm 3 or more is more preferable.
- the water-absorbing layer accumulates stress and strain at the adhesive interface by repeating large expansion and contraction associated with high water absorption, and various ionic components taken together with moisture reach the adhesive interface.
- the adhesion at the bonding interface tends to decrease due to factors such as the elution of ionic components from the substrate to the interface due to the influence of moisture that has reached the surface. Therefore, if a base layer having a lower water absorption than the water absorbing layer is provided between the base and the water absorbing layer, the base layer is low in water absorption, so the degree of expansion and contraction is small, and therefore the stress strain accumulated at the adhesive interface with the base body.
- Has an effect of suppressing moisture and ionic components from reaching the adhesion interface with the substrate thereby improving the adhesion with the substrate interface, improving the peeling resistance, and further improving the durability. Expression is possible.
- the film thickness of the underlayer is preferably 2 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more. If the film thickness of the underlayer is 2 ⁇ m or more, it is possible to prevent the water absorption layer from being peeled off from the substrate together with the underlayer. In addition, the thickness of the underlayer is more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more because the stress generated at the interface due to the expansion / contraction of the water absorption layer is relieved. The thickness of the underlayer is preferably 8 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 6 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of reducing material costs.
- the foundation layer is mainly composed of a cured epoxy resin (Ab).
- the base layer may contain the same components as those contained in the water absorption layer other than the cured epoxy resin (A).
- the glass transition point of the cured epoxy resin is controlled to be low, and the glass transition point of the cured epoxy resin is increased to increase the durability. High control is preferable.
- the glass transition point of the cured epoxy resin (Ab) is higher than the glass transition point of the cured epoxy resin (A) and is 40 to 150 ° C., although it depends on the type of the cured epoxy resin. It is preferably 40 to 120 ° C.
- polyepoxide for obtaining such a cured epoxy resin (Ab) a polyepoxide similar to the polyepoxide for obtaining the cured epoxy resin (A) can be used.
- polyepoxides having aromatic nuclei are preferred for low water absorption, and glycidyl ether-based polyepoxides derived from polyphenols are preferred.
- Commercially available products can be used as the polyepoxide for obtaining the cured epoxy resin (Ab).
- jER828 (trade name, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, molecular weight (Mw): 340, average number of epoxy groups: about 2 / molecule) as bisphenol A diglycidyl ether
- Adeka Resin EP4901 (as bisphenol F diglycidyl ether) Trade name, manufactured by ADEKA).
- Examples of the curing agent for obtaining the cured epoxy resin (Ab) include a polyaddition type curing agent and / or a catalyst type curing agent.
- the polyaddition type curing agent for obtaining the cured epoxy resin (Ab) the same polyaddition type curing agent as the polyaddition type curing agent for obtaining the cured epoxy resin (A) can be used.
- the polyaddition type curing agent may or may not have an aromatic nucleus.
- the same curing agent as the polyaddition type curing agent having no aromatic nucleus described above can be used.
- the polyaddition type curing agent having an aromatic nucleus include a polyamine compound having an aromatic nucleus and an aromatic polycarboxylic acid anhydride.
- Specific examples of the polyamine compound having an aromatic nucleus include phenylenediamine, xylylenediamine, and diaminodiphenylmethane.
- aromatic polycarboxylic acid anhydride examples include phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, and anhydrous Examples include pyromellitic acid.
- a polyaddition type curing agent for obtaining a cured epoxy resin (Ab) one kind of these may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- the blending ratio of the polyepoxide, which is a raw material component of the cured epoxy resin (Ab), and the polyaddition type curing agent is a group in which the reactive group of the polyaddition type curing agent reacts with the epoxy group in a ratio of 1: 1.
- the ratio in which the equivalent ratio of the reactive group of the polyaddition type curing agent to the epoxy group derived from polyepoxide is 0.8 to 1.5 is preferable, and 1.0 to 1.5 is more preferable.
- a polyamine compound having active hydrogen is used as the polyaddition type curing agent, it is preferably used so that the equivalent ratio of amine active hydrogen to the epoxy group derived from polyepoxide is 0.5 to 1.5. It is more preferable that the ratio is 1.0 to 1.5.
- a catalyst type curing agent as a curing agent in the production of the cured epoxy resin (Ab).
- curing agent the catalyst type hardening
- the underlayer can be prepared by preparing a composition for forming an underlayer containing a total solid before reaction and a solvent in the same manner as the water-absorbing layer, applying this to the substrate surface, drying and reacting.
- the durability is improved while the antifogging ability, Martens hardness, abrasion resistance, and haze of the antifogging article are maintained.
- the antifogging article of the present invention is preferably used for commercial refrigerators with transparent doors and articles for transportation equipment.
- Preferred examples of the article for transportation equipment include bodies in trains, automobiles, ships, aircrafts, window glass (front glass, side glass, rear glass), mirrors, and the like.
- the anti-fogging article of the present invention has an excellent anti-fogging property on the surface of the water absorption layer, so that it is possible to eliminate an adverse effect due to fogging caused by moisture.
- the water absorption layer is also excellent in durability, for example, vehicle door glass that is required to have wear resistance for outdoor use, particularly for lifting and lowering operation, and commercial refrigerators with transparent doors. This anti-fogging property can be maintained even in long-term use under various use conditions including use in which opening and closing is frequently performed.
- Examples 1 to 10 are examples, and examples 11 to 15 are comparative examples.
- Denacol is a trade name of Nagase ChemteX
- Emargen is a trade name of Kao
- DKS is a trade name of Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku.
- Surfactant (2-1) Surfactant (B): Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether with HLB of 6 to 18 Emulgen-102KG (HLB6.3) DKS NL-30 (HLB8.1) Emulgen-104P (HLB9.6) Emulgen-108 (HLB12.1) Emulgen-120 (HLB15.3)
- Example 1 Preparation of water-absorbing layer forming composition
- ethanol manufactured by Junsei Kagaku
- glycerol polyglycidyl ether Distyl EX-314
- isophoronediamine manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- the water-absorbing layer-forming composition 1 obtained above is applied by spin coating to a clean glass substrate (100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 2 mm) that has been polished and cleaned with cerium oxide and dried, followed by baking at 100 ° C. for 1 hour.
- a clean glass substrate 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 2 mm
- cerium oxide cerium oxide
- Example 2 A water absorbing layer forming composition 2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 4.5 g of Denacol EX-314 was changed to 2.5 g of Denacol EX-313 and 2.0 g of Denacol EX-521. Using this, an antifogging article having a water absorption layer with a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 3 A water absorbing layer forming composition 3 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 4.5 g of Denacol EX-314 was changed to 4.5 g of Denacol EX-521, and this was used as in Example 1. Thus, an antifogging article having a water absorption layer with a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was obtained.
- Example 4 In Example 1, a water absorption layer was formed in the same manner except that 0.25 g of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Emulgen-104P) was changed to 0.25 g of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Emulgen-102KG, HLB6.3). Composition 4 was prepared, and an antifogging article having a water absorption layer with a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 using this composition.
- Example 5 In Example 1, a water absorbing layer was formed in the same manner except that 0.25 g of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Emulgen-104P) was changed to 0.25 g of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Emulgen-108, HLB12.1). Composition 5 was prepared, and an antifogging article having a water absorption layer with a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 using this composition.
- Emulgen-104P polyoxyethylene lauryl ether
- Emgen-108, HLB12.1 polyoxyethylene lauryl ether
- Example 6 In Example 1, a water absorbing layer was formed in the same manner except that 0.25 g of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Emulgen-104P) was changed to 0.25 g of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Emulgen-120, HLB15.3). Composition 6 was prepared, and an antifogging article having a water absorption layer with a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 using this composition.
- Emulgen-104P polyoxyethylene lauryl ether
- Emgen-120, HLB15.3 polyoxyethylene lauryl ether
- Example 7 In the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.25 g of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Emulgen-104P) was changed to 0.25 g of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (DKS NL-30, HLB 8.1), the water absorption layer A forming composition 7 was prepared, and an antifogging article having a water absorption layer with a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Emulgen-104P polyoxyethylene lauryl ether
- DKS NL-30, HLB 8.1 polyoxyethylene lauryl ether
- Example 8 A water absorbing layer forming composition 8 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Emulgen-104P, HLB 9.6) was changed from 0.25 g to 0.50 g. In the same manner as in Example 1, an antifogging article having a water absorption layer with a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was obtained.
- polyoxyethylene lauryl ether Emulgen-104P, HLB 9.6
- Example 9 An antifogging article was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the water absorbing layer forming composition 1 obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was used and the thickness of the water absorbing layer was changed from 20 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- Example 10 An antifogging article was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the water absorbing layer forming composition 1 obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was used and the thickness of the water absorbing layer was changed from 20 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m.
- Example 11 In Example 1, 0.25 g of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Emulgen-104P, HLB 9.6) was changed to 0.25 g of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (DKS NL-15, HLB 5.0). Thus, a water-absorbing layer-forming composition 11 was prepared, and an antifogging article having a water-absorbing layer having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 12 In Example 1, 0.25 g of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Emulgen-104P, HLB 9.6) was changed to 0.25 g of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Emulgen-130K, HLB 18.1). A water-absorbing layer-forming composition 12 was prepared, and an antifogging article having a water-absorbing layer with a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 13 In Example 1, the same procedure was performed except that 0.25 g of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Emulgen-104P, HLB 9.6) was changed to 0.25 g of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Emulgen-150, HLB 18.4). Then, a water-absorbing layer-forming composition 13 was prepared, and an antifogging article having a water-absorbing layer with a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 14 In a glass container in which a stirrer and a thermometer are set, 7.9 g of ethanol, 5.7 g of pure water, ESREC KX-5 (manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: polyvinyl acetal resin, solid content concentration: 8 mass) %) 3.6 g, and stirred at 25 ° C. for 1 hour. Next, 0.01 g of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Emulgen-104P, HLB 9.6) was added and stirred at 25 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a water-absorbing layer forming composition 14. The obtained water-absorbing layer-forming composition 14 was applied by spin coating and baked at 100 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain an antifogging article having a water-absorbing layer with a thickness of 5 ⁇ m.
- ESREC KX-5 manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: polyvinyl acetal resin, solid content concentration: 8 mass
- Example 15 In a glass container equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, 3.2 g of 1-ethoxypropanol, 0.6 g of 1-butanol, 2.7 g of tetramethoxysilane, 1.5 g of 2-propyl alcohol, colloidal silica ( 3.8 g of Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd., trade name: IPA-ST, solid content concentration: 30% by mass), 3.0 g of pure water, 0.2 g of 10% by mass nitric acid aqueous solution, and 1 at 25 ° C. Stir for hours. Next, 0.06 g of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Emulgen-104P, HLB 9.6) was added and stirred at 25 ° C.
- Emulgen-104P polyoxyethylene lauryl ether
- the obtained water-absorbing layer-forming composition 15 was applied by spin coating and baked at 100 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain an antifogging article having a water-absorbing layer with a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the antifogging articles obtained in the above examples were evaluated as follows. (1) Measurement of film thickness A cross-sectional image of the antifogging article was taken with a scanning electron microscope (S4300, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.), and the film thickness of the water absorption layer was measured. (2) Haze Based on JIS K 7361, the haze value (%) of the anti-fogging article was measured using a haze meter (manufactured by Gardner, Haze Guard Plus).
- Abrasion resistance It was performed in accordance with JIS R 3212 (vehicle interior).
- a wear wheel CS-10F was used with a Taber 5130 type abrasion tester. A wear wheel was brought into contact with the surface of the water-absorbing layer of the antifogging article, and a load of 4.90 N was applied for 100 revolutions, and the change in haze value ⁇ H (%) was measured.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 2 together with main components and amounts contained in the water-absorbing layer-forming composition.
- the ratio (%) of the surfactant represents the content ratio (% by mass) of the surfactant in the total solid content when the water absorption layer is formed.
- the amount (g) shown in Table 2 was used as it was, or for diluted components, the value obtained by multiplying the solid content concentration was taken as the solid content.
- the anti-fogging article of the present invention has high anti-fogging properties and is excellent in anti-fogging durability, so that it is useful as an anti-fogging glass for transportation equipment such as automobiles, construction, and commercial refrigerators with transparent doors. is there.
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Abstract
Description
[1] 基体と、前記基体の少なくとも一部の表面に、ポリエポキシドと硬化剤との反応により得られる硬化エポキシ樹脂を主体とし、グリフィン法で算出されるHLBが6~18の範囲の界面活性剤を含む吸水層とを具備する防曇性物品。
[2] 前記界面活性剤がポリオキシアルキレンアルキルエーテル型界面活性剤である[1]に記載の防曇性物品。
[3] 前記界面活性剤の含有量が前記吸水層の全固形分に対して2.0~20.0質量%である[1]または[2]記載の防曇性物品。
[4] 前記防曇性物品を20℃、相対湿度50%の環境下に1時間放置した後の前記吸水層について、負荷速度および除荷速度F=0.05mN/5sおよびクリープC=5sの測定条件で測定されるマルテンス硬さが30~100N/mm2である、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の防曇性物品。
[5] 前記ポリエポキシドが脂肪族グリシジルエーテル系ポリエポキシドである、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の防曇性物品。
[6] 前記硬化剤が、活性水素を有するポリアミン化合物を含有する、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の防曇性物品。
[7] 前記吸水層の膜厚が、3~50μmである[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の防曇性物品。
[8] 前記防曇性物品を20℃、相対湿度50%の環境下に1時間放置した後、前記吸水層の表面に1μLの水滴を滴下し1秒後に測定される水接触角CA1が60度以下、かつ60秒後に測定される水接触角CA60が20度以下である[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の防曇性物品。
本発明の防曇性物品は、基体と、前記基体の少なくとも一部の表面に、ポリエポキシドと硬化剤との反応により得られる硬化エポキシ樹脂を主体とし、グリフィン法で算出されるHLBが6~18の範囲の界面活性剤とを含む吸水層を具備する。
HLB値=20×界面活性剤の親水部の式量の総和/界面活性剤の分子量
[基体]
本発明の防曇性物品に用いられる基体としては、一般に防曇性の付与が求められている材質からなる基体であれば特に制限されない。基体として、好適には、ガラス、プラスチック、金属、セラミックス、またはこれらの組み合わせ(複合材料、積層材料、複数が中間膜等で密着された構造、等)からなる基体が挙げられ、より好適にはガラスもしくはプラスチックからなる透明基体、および鏡等が挙げられる。
上記各種基体のうちでも、本発明においては、ガラスからなる基体が特に好ましい。
本発明の防曇性物品において、吸水層は硬化エポキシ樹脂(A)を主体として含有し、さらに界面活性剤(B)を含有する。
ここで、吸水層が硬化エポキシ樹脂(A)を主体として含有するとは、硬化エポキシ樹脂(A)が吸水層を構成する全固形分中もっとも含有量が多い成分であることをいう。
硬化エポキシ樹脂(A)を得るための原料であるポリエポキシドと硬化剤は、硬化エポキシ樹脂を形成可能なものであれば特に制限されない。吸水層が硬化エポキシ樹脂であることにより、膜の耐摩耗性等に代表される耐摩耗性、および吸水性のバランスに非常に優れる。
また、ポリエポキシドのエポキシ当量(1グラム当量のエポキシ基を含む樹脂のグラム数[g/eq])としては、120~200g/eqであることが好ましく、130~190g/eqがより好ましい。
触媒型硬化剤としては、ルイス酸等の反応触媒であって、ポリエポキシド同士の重合反応および/またはポリエポキシドと重付加型硬化剤との重付加反応を触媒する触媒型硬化剤であれば特に制限なく使用できる。
基体、例えば、3cm×4cm×厚さ2mmのソーダライムガラス基体に検体となる硬化エポキシ樹脂層(以下「樹脂層」)を設け、これを10℃、95~99%RHの環境の恒温恒湿槽に2時間放置し、取り出し後、微量水分計を用いて樹脂層付き基体全体の水分量(I)を測定する。さらに、上記基体のみについて同様の手順で水分量(II)を測定する。上記水分量(I)から水分量(II)を引いた値を樹脂層の体積で除した値を飽和吸水量とする。なお、水分量の測定は、微量水分計FM-300(商品名、ケット科学研究所社製)によって次のようにして行う。測定サンプルを120℃で加熱し、サンプルから放出された水分を微量水分計内のモレキュラーシーブスに吸着させ、モレキュラーシーブスの質量変化を水分量として測定する。また、測定の終点は、25秒間当たりの質量変化が0.05mg以下となった時点とする。
吸水層は上記硬化エポキシ樹脂(A)に加えて、グリフィン法で算出されるHLBが6~18の範囲の界面活性剤(B)を含有する。吸水層が界面活性剤(B)を含有することで、吸水層の吸水量が飽和に達した場合においても、表面に水膜が形成されることで、防曇性の低下が抑制される。
R1-O[(EO)a/(PO)b]-H …(1)
式(1)において、EOはオキシエチレン基(-CH2CH2O-)、POはオキシプロピレン基(-CH2CH2CH2O-)を示す。R1は炭素原子数10~18の直鎖もしくは、分岐、環状構造を含んでもよいアルキル基またはアルケニル基を示す。aは0~40の数、bは0~20の数を示し、a+b>0である。ただし、HLBが6~18である。なお、式(1)においてEOとPOはブロック、交互またはランダムに結合していてもよい。
本発明の防曇性物品における吸水層は、必須成分である硬化エポキシ樹脂(A)および界面活性剤(B)に加えて、任意成分として、通常、吸水層が含有する各種機能性添加成分、例えば、無機充填材、カップリング剤および/またはその反応成分、その他機能性添加成分等を本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で含有できる。
無機充填材は、これを添加することにより吸水層により高い機械的強度と耐熱性を付与できる成分である。また、硬化エポキシ樹脂(A)を得る際の、具体的には、ポリエポキシドと硬化剤の硬化反応時における、樹脂の硬化収縮を低減することもできる。このような無機充填材としては、金属酸化物からなる充填材が好ましい。金属酸化物としては、例えば、シリカ、アルミナ、チタニア、ジルコニアが挙げられ、なかでもシリカが好ましい。
カップリング剤は、吸水層形成用組成物に添加されて、吸水層を形成する際に吸水層とこれと接する基体や必要に応じて設けられる下地層との間の、密着性を高めるために作用する成分である。なお、カップリング剤が反応性基を有する場合は、該反応性基が吸水層を構成する他の成分等と反応することで密着性を高めているため、吸水層形成用組成物に配合したカップリング剤は、吸水層を形成した後は多少形を変えて存在する。カップリング剤については、吸水層中に存在する状態ではなく、吸水層形成用組成物に添加されるカップリング剤として以下に説明する。
上記式(2)において、R2は1価の機能性有機基、R3は炭素数4以下のアルキル基、cは0または1の整数を表す。R3はメチル基またはエチル基であることが好ましく、特にメチル基が好ましい。Xは塩素原子、アルコキシ基、アシル基、アミノ基等の加水分解性基であり、特に炭素数4以下のアルコキシ基が好ましい。
吸水層が含有するその他機能性添加成分として、具体的には、レベリング剤、消泡剤、粘性調整剤、光安定剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤等が挙げられる。
本発明の防曇性物品における吸水層は、必須成分として硬化エポキシ樹脂(A)の原料であるポリエポキシドおよび硬化剤、ならびに界面活性剤(B)を含み、任意成分として必要に応じて上記に説明した各種機能性添加成分を含む吸水層形成用組成物を反応させて得られる硬化エポキシ樹脂(A)を主体とし、界面活性剤(B)を必須成分として含む吸水層である。
上記吸水層形成用組成物に用いる溶剤としては、硬化エポキシ樹脂(A)の原料であるポリエポキシドと硬化剤、界面活性剤(B)、およびその他任意成分を含む配合成分についての溶解性および分散性が良好な溶剤であり、かつこれらの配合成分に対して不活性な溶剤であれば特に限定されず、具体的には、アルコール類、酢酸エステル類、エーテル類、ケトン類、水等が挙げられる。
本発明の防曇性物品における吸水層は、上記吸水層形成用組成物を塗布面(基体上または下地層を有する場合には下地層上)に塗布し、該組成物が含有する反応性成分を反応させることで得られる層である。
本発明の防曇性物品は、上記基体と吸水層の間に吸水層の耐久性を高めるために、下地層を有してもよい。下地層は、ポリエポキシドと硬化剤が反応して得られる硬化エポキシ樹脂であって、かつ、吸水層を主として構成する硬化エポキシ樹脂(A)に比べて、吸水性の低い硬化エポキシ樹脂を主体とする層であることが好ましい。以下、下地層を主として構成する硬化エポキシ樹脂を硬化エポキシ樹脂(Ab)という。このような観点から硬化エポキシ樹脂(Ab)は、上記の方法で測定される飽和吸水量が10mg/cm3以下であることが好ましく、8mg/cm3以下がより好ましい。一方、下地層と吸水層との膨張・収縮の程度差を小さくする観点から、硬化エポキシ樹脂(Ab)の飽和吸水量は、1mg/cm3以上が好ましく、3mg/cm3以上がより好ましい。
本発明の防曇性物品は、商用の透明ドア付き冷蔵庫や輸送機器用物品としての用途に好適に用いられる。輸送機器用物品とは、電車、自動車、船舶、航空機等におけるボディー、窓ガラス(フロントガラス、サイドガラス、リアガラス)、ミラー等が好ましく挙げられる。
(1-1)グリセロールポリグリシジルエーテル
デナコールEX-313(Mw:383、平均エポキシ基数:2.0個/分子)
デナコールEX-314(Mw:454、平均エポキシ基数:2.3個/分子)
(1-2)ポリグリセロールポリグリシジルエーテル
デナコールEX-521(Mw:1294、平均エポキシ基数:6.3個/分子)
(2-1)界面活性剤(B):HLBが6~18のポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル
エマルゲン-102KG(HLB6.3)
DKS NL-30(HLB8.1)
エマルゲン-104P(HLB9.6)
エマルゲン-108(HLB12.1)
エマルゲン-120(HLB15.3)
DKS NL-15(HLB5.0)
エマルゲン-130K(HLB18.1)
エマルゲン-150(HLB18.4)
KBM-602(商品名、信越化学工業社製):N-(2-アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン
(吸水層形成用組成物の調製)
撹拌機、温度計がセットされたガラス容器に、エタノール(純正化学社製)の8.45g、グリセロールポリグリシジルエーテル(デナコールEX-314)の4.5g、およびイソホロンジアミン(東京化成工業社製)の1.15gを仕込み、25℃にて3時間撹拌した。次いで、N-(2-アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン(KBM-602)の1.5g、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(エマルゲン-104P、HLB9.6)の0.25gを添加して、25℃にて1時間撹拌し、吸水層形成用組成物1を得た。
酸化セリウムで表面を研磨洗浄し乾燥した清浄なガラス基板(100mm×100mm×2mm)に、上記で得られた吸水層形成用組成物1をスピンコートによって塗布して、100℃で1時間焼成し、膜厚20μmの吸水層を有する防曇性物品を得た。
例1において、デナコールEX-314の4.5gを、デナコールEX-313の2.5gおよびデナコールEX-521の2.0gに変更した以外は同様にして、吸水層形成用組成物2を作製し、これを用いて例1と同様にして膜厚20μmの吸水層を有する防曇性物品を得た。
例1において、デナコールEX-314の4.5gを、デナコールEX-521の4.5gに変更した以外は同様にして、吸水層形成用組成物3を作製し、これを用いて例1と同様にして膜厚20μmの吸水層を有する防曇性物品を得た。
例1において、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(エマルゲン-104P)の0.25gを、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(エマルゲン-102KG、HLB6.3)の0.25gに変更した以外は同様にして、吸水層形成用組成物4を作製し、これを用いて例1と同様にして膜厚20μmの吸水層を有する防曇性物品を得た。
例1において、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(エマルゲン-104P)の0.25gを、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(エマルゲン-108、HLB12.1)の0.25gに変更した以外は同様にして、吸水層形成用組成物5を作製し、これを用いて例1と同様にして膜厚20μmの吸水層を有する防曇性物品を得た。
例1において、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(エマルゲン-104P)の0.25gを、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(エマルゲン-120、HLB15.3)の0.25gに変更した以外は同様にして、吸水層形成用組成物6を作製し、これを用いて例1と同様にして膜厚20μmの吸水層を有する防曇性物品を得た。
例1において、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(エマルゲン-104P)の0.25gを、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(DKS NL-30、HLB8.1)の0.25gに変更した以外は同様にして、吸水層形成用組成物7を作製し、これを用いて例1と同様にして膜厚20μmの吸水層を有する防曇性物品を得た。
例1において、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(エマルゲン-104P、HLB9.6)の量を0.25gから0.50gに変更した以外は同様にして、吸水層形成用組成物8を作製し、これを用いて例1と同様にして膜厚20μmの吸水層を有する防曇性物品を得た。
例1と同様にして得られた吸水層形成用組成物1を用いて、吸水層の膜厚を20μmから5μmとした以外は例1と同様にして防曇性物品を得た。
例1と同様にして得られた吸水層形成用組成物1を用いて、吸水層の膜厚を20μmから40μmとした以外は例1と同様にして防曇性物品を得た。
例1において、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(エマルゲン-104P、HLB9.6)の0.25gを、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(DKS NL-15、HLB5.0)の0.25gに変更した以外は同様にして、吸水層形成用組成物11を作製し、これを用いて例1と同様にして膜厚20μmの吸水層を有する防曇性物品を得た。
例1において、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(エマルゲン-104P、HLB9.6)の0.25gを、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(エマルゲン-130K、HLB18.1)の0.25gに変更した以外は同様にして、吸水層形成用組成物12を作製し、これを用いて例1と同様にして膜厚20μmの吸水層を有する防曇性物品を得た。
例1において、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(エマルゲン-104P、HLB9.6)の0.25gを、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(エマルゲン-150、HLB18.4)の0.25gに変更した以外は同様にして、吸水層形成用組成物13を作製し、これを用いて例1と同様にして膜厚20μmの吸水層を有する防曇性物品を得た。
撹拌機、温度計がセットされたガラス容器に、エタノールの7.9g、純水の5.7g、エスレックKX-5(積水化学工業社製、商品名:ポリビニルアセタール樹脂、固形分濃度:8質量%)の3.6gを仕込み、25℃にて1時間撹拌した。次に、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(エマルゲン-104P、HLB9.6)の0.01gを添加して、25℃にて1時間撹拌し、吸水層形成用組成物14を得た。得られた吸水層形成用組成物14をスピンコートによって塗布して、100℃で1時間焼成し、膜厚5μmの吸水層を有する防曇性物品を得た。
撹拌機、温度計がセットされたガラス容器に、1-エトキシプロパノールの3.2g、1-ブタノールの0.6g、テトラメトキシシランの2.7g、2-プロピルアルコールの1.5g、コロイダルシリカ(日産化学工業社製、商品名:IPA-ST、固形分濃度:30質量%)の3.8g、純水の3.0g、10質量%硝酸水溶液の0.2gを仕込み、25℃にて1時間攪拌した。次に、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル(エマルゲン-104P、HLB9.6)の0.06gを添加して、25℃にて1時間撹拌し、吸水層形成用組成物15を得た。得られた吸水層形成用組成物15をスピンコートによって塗布して、100℃で1時間焼成し、膜厚0.5μmの吸水層を有する防曇性物品を得た。
上記各例で得られた防曇性物品の評価は以下のように行った。
(1)膜厚の測定
防曇性物品の断面像を走査型電子顕微鏡(日立製作所製、S4300)で撮影し、吸水層の膜厚を測定した。
(2)ヘイズ
JIS K 7361に準拠して、防曇性物品の曇価(%)をヘイズメーター(ガードナー社製、ヘイズガードプラス)を用いて測定した。
JIS R 3212(車内側)に準拠して行った。Taber社5130型摩耗試験機で、摩耗輪CS-10Fを用いた。防曇性物品の吸水層表面に摩耗輪を接触させ、4.90Nの荷重をかけて100回転し、曇価変化ΔH(%)を測定した。
防曇性物品を、20℃、相対湿度50%の環境下に1時間放置した後、微小硬度測定試験機(フィッシャー社製、ピコデンター)を用いて、負荷速度・除荷速度F=0.05mN/5s、クリープC=5sの条件にて吸水層におけるマルテンス硬さを測定した。
20℃、相対湿度50%の環境下に1時間放置した防曇性物品について、その吸水層表面を40℃の温水浴上に曝露して、120秒後に曇っているか曇っていないかを目視で判定し、防曇性能の評価とした。
防曇性物品を、20℃、相対湿度50%の環境下に1時間放置した後、吸水層の表面に1μLの水滴を滴下して1秒後の水接触角(CA1)と、60秒後の水接触角(CA60)を測定した。
また、デナコールEX-314とイソホロンジアミンの組合せを「EP1」、デナコールEX-313、デナコールEX-521とイソホロンジアミンの組合せを「EP2」、デナコールEX-521とイソホロンジアミンの組合せを「EP3」として表2に示した。「KX-5」は、エスレックKX-5を示す。また、例15の吸水層形成用組成物中の主成分を「シリカ」としてシラン化合物の縮合物(縮合率39%)の量を示した。
Claims (8)
- 基体と、前記基体の少なくとも一部の表面に、ポリエポキシドと硬化剤との反応により得られる硬化エポキシ樹脂を主体とし、グリフィン法で算出されるHLBが6~18の範囲の界面活性剤を含む吸水層とを具備する防曇性物品。
- 前記界面活性剤がポリオキシアルキレンアルキルエーテル型界面活性剤である請求項1記載の防曇性物品。
- 前記界面活性剤の含有量が前記吸水層の全固形分に対して2.0~20.0質量%である請求項1または2記載の防曇性物品。
- 前記防曇性物品を20℃、相対湿度50%の環境下に1時間放置した後の前記吸水層について、負荷速度および除荷速度F=0.05mN/5sおよびクリープC=5sの測定条件で測定されるマルテンス硬さが30~100N/mm2である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の防曇性物品。
- 前記ポリエポキシドが脂肪族グリシジルエーテル系ポリエポキシドである、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の防曇性物品。
- 前記硬化剤が、活性水素を有するポリアミン化合物を含有する、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の防曇性物品。
- 前記吸水層の膜厚が、3~50μmである請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の防曇性物品。
- 前記防曇性物品を20℃、相対湿度50%の環境下に1時間放置した後、前記吸水層の表面に1μLの水滴を滴下し1秒後に測定される水接触角CA1が60度以下、かつ60秒後に測定される水接触角CA60が20度以下である請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の防曇性物品。
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| EP14826096.1A EP3023249A4 (en) | 2013-07-17 | 2014-07-09 | Anti-fog article |
| JP2015527269A JPWO2015008672A1 (ja) | 2013-07-17 | 2014-07-09 | 防曇性物品 |
| CN201480040425.3A CN105377556A (zh) | 2013-07-17 | 2014-07-09 | 防雾性物品 |
| US14/995,284 US20160130463A1 (en) | 2013-07-17 | 2016-01-14 | Antifogging article |
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| EP (1) | EP3023249A4 (ja) |
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| WO2017159564A1 (ja) | 2016-03-14 | 2017-09-21 | 旭化成株式会社 | 高耐久防曇塗膜およびコーティング組成物 |
| JP2019095572A (ja) * | 2017-11-22 | 2019-06-20 | 株式会社ダイセル | テーブル型表示装置 |
| WO2019163918A1 (ja) | 2018-02-23 | 2019-08-29 | 旭化成株式会社 | 高耐久防曇塗膜およびコーティング組成物 |
| WO2021095839A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-15 | 2021-05-20 | 三井化学株式会社 | 積層体、積層体の製造方法、防曇膜形成用組成物、防曇膜及び防曇膜形成用組成物セット |
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| KR20170077703A (ko) * | 2015-12-28 | 2017-07-06 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 김서림 방지 코팅용 조성물 및 이를 포함하는 코팅막 |
| CN108384215A (zh) * | 2017-05-03 | 2018-08-10 | 西昌学院 | 自防雾在透明材料中的应用 |
| US20210079140A1 (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2021-03-18 | Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd. | Carboxyl group-containing polymer composition and method for producing same |
| CN110105608A (zh) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-09 | 上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心有限公司 | 一种亲水防雾膜的制备方法及其产品和应用 |
| WO2022107879A1 (ja) * | 2020-11-20 | 2022-05-27 | 昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社 | 防曇剤、親水化剤、及び車両用ランプ構造体の防曇方法 |
| CN115109492B (zh) * | 2022-07-27 | 2023-07-25 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | 一种亲水性抗冰涂层的制备方法 |
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| KR20210022782A (ko) | 2016-03-14 | 2021-03-03 | 아사히 가세이 가부시키가이샤 | 고내구 방담 도막 및 코팅 조성물 |
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| WO2019163918A1 (ja) | 2018-02-23 | 2019-08-29 | 旭化成株式会社 | 高耐久防曇塗膜およびコーティング組成物 |
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| JP7087059B2 (ja) | 2018-02-23 | 2022-06-20 | 旭化成株式会社 | 高耐久防曇塗膜およびコーティング組成物 |
| US11781037B2 (en) | 2018-02-23 | 2023-10-10 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | High-durability antifogging coating film and coating composition |
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| EP3023249A1 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
| US20160130463A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
| JPWO2015008672A1 (ja) | 2017-03-02 |
| CN105377556A (zh) | 2016-03-02 |
| EP3023249A4 (en) | 2017-03-15 |
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