WO2015011685A2 - Système de déchargement de conteneur, conteneur et procédé permettant de décharger un tel conteneur - Google Patents

Système de déchargement de conteneur, conteneur et procédé permettant de décharger un tel conteneur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015011685A2
WO2015011685A2 PCT/IB2014/063424 IB2014063424W WO2015011685A2 WO 2015011685 A2 WO2015011685 A2 WO 2015011685A2 IB 2014063424 W IB2014063424 W IB 2014063424W WO 2015011685 A2 WO2015011685 A2 WO 2015011685A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
container
door
carriage
coupler
door mechanism
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2014/063424
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2015011685A3 (fr
Inventor
Roelf Fredrick ODENDAAL
Theodorus JANSEN VAN RENSBURG
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RULA BULK MATERIALS HOLDING Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
RULA BULK MATERIALS HOLDING Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RULA BULK MATERIALS HOLDING Pty Ltd filed Critical RULA BULK MATERIALS HOLDING Pty Ltd
Priority to AP2016009055A priority Critical patent/AP2016009055A0/en
Publication of WO2015011685A2 publication Critical patent/WO2015011685A2/fr
Publication of WO2015011685A3 publication Critical patent/WO2015011685A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
    • B60P1/00—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading
    • B60P1/04—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading with a tipping movement of load-transporting element
    • B60P1/16—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading with a tipping movement of load-transporting element actuated by fluid-operated mechanisms
    • B60P1/165—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading with a tipping movement of load-transporting element actuated by fluid-operated mechanisms tipping movement about a fore and aft axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
    • B60P1/00—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading
    • B60P1/04—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading with a tipping movement of load-transporting element
    • B60P1/26—Means for controlling movement of tailboards or sideboards
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
    • B60P1/00—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading
    • B60P1/04—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading with a tipping movement of load-transporting element
    • B60P1/26—Means for controlling movement of tailboards or sideboards
    • B60P1/267—Controlling degree of tailboard or sideboard movement in dependence upon degree of tipping movement, e.g. by linkage or cam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
    • B60P1/00—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading
    • B60P1/04—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading with a tipping movement of load-transporting element
    • B60P1/26—Means for controlling movement of tailboards or sideboards
    • B60P1/273—Providing interdependence between tipping movement and the latching or unlatching of a freely-swingable tailboard or sideboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D3/00—Wagons or vans
    • B61D3/16—Wagons or vans adapted for carrying special loads
    • B61D3/20—Wagons or vans adapted for carrying special loads for forwarding containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D9/00—Tipping wagons
    • B61D9/02—Tipping wagons characterised by operating means for tipping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D9/00—Tipping wagons
    • B61D9/14—Tipping systems controlled by trackside means

Definitions

  • CONTAINER DISCHARGE SYSTEM CONTAINER AND METHOD OF DISCHARGING SUCH CONTAINER
  • This invention relates to a container discharge system, a container and a method of discharging such container.
  • the invention relates to container handling system for handling free-flowing bulk material.
  • Bulk material such as grain, ores, coal, sand, gravel and stone, is generally transported in loose bulk form in open or closed containers.
  • the containers are transported by road and/or railway to ports and airports where they are shipped onwards to their final destinations for processing.
  • a person familiar with the handling of bulk material will know that the loading and discharging of the containers in which the bulk material is shipped is one particular area of the handling process which is time consuming and, accordingly, generally expensive. The faster the bulk material can be discharged from the containers the quicker it can be processed and the more efficient the entire process becomes.
  • a number of different solutions have been proposed for the fast discharging of containers, in one known solution a container tilting machine is used to flip the entire container upside down to discharge the bulk material therein.
  • a problem with this known solution is that in order to tilt the container the container locks locking it onto the train wagon or truck bed must be unlocked before the container can be flipped upside down. After discharging the container must again be locked onto the train wagon or truck bed before it can be transported away from the discharge location.
  • the locking and unlocking of the container locks are time consuming and causes considerable delays in the discharging process. To address this issue it has been suggested to tilt the container together with the train wagon or truck bed onto which it is locked.
  • this solution addressed the time delays it requires very large container handling machines to be able to handle the combined weight of the container and truck bed. Safety is also a concern when tilting the combined weight of the container and carriage.
  • bottom discharge container which does not need to be titled in order to discharge its contents.
  • the bottom discharge containers are lifted using a crane and moved over the discharge location where the bulk material is dropped through the container's bottom discharge doors.
  • the use of the bottom discharge containers does not require specialised machinery to discharge the bulk material, it does not address the problem of having to lock and unlock the container locks as described above.
  • Yet another known solution makes use of a side discharge container to discharge the bulk material.
  • the container together with the train wagon on which it is being transported are titled sideways to discharge the bulk material through its side doors.
  • the problem with this solution is that it again requires a specifically designed station where the container is tiited as it driven through the station.
  • the discharge station is again large and bulky to be able to handle the combined weight of the wagon and container.
  • the main disadvantage of this solution is that the discharge station is specifically designed for a particular wagon and container combination and, accordingly, it is not compatible with other container and carriage combinations. As a result, this solution cannot be used where the containers are being transported by road, such as on the back of a truck bed.
  • a side discharge container for transporting bulk material, the container including: at least one door through which the bulk material can be discharged; and
  • a door mechanism which is operable between a first, locked position wherein the container door is locked in its closed position and a second, unlocked position wherein the container door is open to discharge the bulk material
  • the door mechanism includes a series of links which are movably connected to one another, wherein at least one of the links carries an engagement formation for engaging a door actuating mechanism, and wherein at least one of the links carries another engagement formation for engaging a container tilting device, such that the door mechanism is operable by using either the door actuating mechanism or the container tilting device.
  • the series of links may include an actuating link which is connected pivotally to the container body, and a connecting link which connects the actuating link to a drive link.
  • the engagement formation for engaging the door actuating mechanism may be carried by the drive link such that movement of the drive link causes the actuating link to pivot relative to the container body in order to open and close the container door.
  • the engagement formation for engaging the container tilting device may also be carried by the drive link such that the drive link is movable through either engagement with the door actuating mechanism or container tilting device in order cause the actuating link to pivot relative to the container body in order to open and close the container door.
  • the series of links may further include a second actuating link pivotally connected to the container, wherein the engagement formation for engaging the container tilting device is located on the second actuating link.
  • the connecting link may comprise a pre-tensioning device for adjusting the force acting to keep the door in its closed position.
  • the door mechanism also includes locking means which automatically locks the door in its closed position when the door mechanism is moved into its locked position.
  • the connecting link is carried on a slide which moves on a support surface defining a nock, and wherein the slide is moved passed the nock when moving the door mechanism into its closed position, thereby automatically locking the connecting link in an over-centre position in order to lock the container door is in its locked position.
  • the container may further include second locking means which automatically locks the door in its closed position when the door mechanism is moved into its locked position.
  • the second locking means is in the form of complementally shaped locking formations located on one of the links of the door mechanism and the container, the locking formations being arranged so as to engage one another when the door mechanism is in its closed position, such that, in use, the link carrying the locking formation must first be lifted to disengage the locking formations from one another to allow the door mechanism to be moved into its open position.
  • the container has a sloped floor which at least in part slopes generally upward towards the sidewall in which the container door is located.
  • the door mechanism may be at least partially located in a cavity provided between the sloped container floor and the bottom of the container.
  • the container door is then preferably hinged to a raised portion of the sloped floor so as to raise the hinge point about which the door hinges when moving between its open and closed positions.
  • the container preferably includes pivot connectors for engaging comp!ementaily shaped pivot connectors provided on a carriage on which the container is, in use, transported, wherein the pivot connectors on the container are located on support structures located inside the container, and wherein the container includes cavities in which the pivot connectors on the carriage is in used received when the container is located on the carriage.
  • the cavities in which the pivot connectors of the carriage are received may open to the bottom of the container so that the pivot connectors of the carriage are received through the floor of the container when the container is lowered onto the carriage.
  • a method of discharging a side discharge container carried, in use, on a carriage including the steps of:
  • a door mechanism which is operable between a first, locked position wherein a container door is locked in its closed position and a second, unlocked position wherein the container door is open to discharge the bulk material;
  • the step of engaging the door mechanism may include engaging an engagement formation carried by a door actuation mechanism with a complementally shaped engagement formation carried on the linkage of the door mechanism.
  • the step of moving the door mechanism from its locked position into its unlocked position includes moving engagement means carrying the engagement formation of the door actuation mechanism in a first direction of movement through actuation of a first actuator.
  • the step of pivoting the container from its transport position to its discharge position preferably includes first moving the engagement means carrying the engagement formation of the door actuation mechanism in a second direction of movement, which is substantially opposite the first direction of movement, through actuation of a second actuator in order to allow the engagement formation of the door actuating mechanism to be released from the engagement means.
  • the step of pivoting the container from its transport position to its discharge position may further include actuating the first actuator.
  • the method may further include operating both actuators simultaneously for controlled movement of the container door when opening the door while the container is carrying bulk material, thereby preventing the container door from collapsing from its closed position into its open position under the weight of the bulk material.
  • the Iocking device is automatically unlocked when the container is loaded onto the carriage.
  • the container door is also preferably locked automatically by over- centreing a connecting link of the door mechanism.
  • the step of engaging the door mechanism may include engaging an engagement formation carried by a container tilting device with a comp!ementally shaped engagement formation carried on the linkage of the door mechanism.
  • the step of disengaging the Iocking device may include lifting the linkage of the door mechanism to remove a locking formation from a recess formed on the linkage.
  • a container tilting device for discharging a container carried on a carriage, the device including:
  • a coupling mechanism having a bar carrying a coupler for coupling to the container and a movable slide which, in use, carries the bar along a first axis of movement, the bar being movable with respect to the slide along a second axis of movement;
  • an actuating mechanism carrying engaging means for engaging comp!ementa!ly shaped engaging means of the bar so that when the complementally engaging means are engaged the bar may be moved back and forth along the second axis of movement through actuation of the actuating mechanism to move the coupler carried by the bar to and from the container; and a lifting system to move the slide carrying the bar along the first axis of movement;
  • the engaging means of the actuating mechanism is in the form of an open recess defined in a movable catch such that the engaging means carried by the bar is automatically released from the recess through the upward movement of the slide so as to allow the bar to move freely along the second axis of movement while being lifted by the slide, thereby allowing the coupler to travel along an arcuate path during tilting of the container from its transport position into its discharge position.
  • the actuating mechanism preferably includes a first actuator for moving the catch along the second axis of movement.
  • the first actuator is in the form of a double acting hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly.
  • the lifting system may include a trolley which is movably mounted inside a frame structure in a manner allowing the trolley to be movable along the first axis of movement, the slide being movably mounted inside the trolley, and the lifting mechanism may include at least one actuator for moving the trolley along the first axis of movement.
  • the lifting system preferably includes a series of pulleys carried by the trolley and a flexible drive means running from the slide, over the pulleys and back to the slide such that so as to cause the vertical slide to move when the trolley is moved through actuation of the actuator driving the trolley.
  • the flexible drive means is preferably a chain and the pulleys are preferably sprockets.
  • the lifting system may further include two separate chains, each having their corresponding series of sprockets so as to balance the forces acting on the trolley and slide during actuation of the actuator driving the troliey.
  • the actuator driving the trolley is a double acting hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly.
  • the container tilting device includes two coupling mechanisms for coupling to the container at two positions. Each coupling mechanism preferably has its own actuating mechanism and lifting system. Preferably, the movement of the coupling mechanisms are synchronised.
  • the container tilting device to include a gripping device for gripping onto the carriage during discharging of the container, thereby acting as a safety mechanism to prevent any accidental flipping of carriage.
  • a gripping portion which, in use, grips onto the carriage is movable along both the first and second axes of movement, thereby allowing the gripping portion to be movable toward and away from the carriage on which the container is being carried and to compensate for a height differential between different carriages.
  • the container tilting device may include a wheeled base thereby allowing the device to be movable between different containers without having to move the carriage.
  • the container tilting device also includes a propulsion system and braking system.
  • Sensors for automatically aligning the container tilting device with the container carried on the carriage may be located on the container tilting device.
  • a method of discharging a container being carried on a carriage using a container tilting device including the following steps: moving the container tiling device alongside the container;
  • the step of moving the container tiling device alongside the container may include automatically aligning the coupler with the door mechanism on the container by using sensors to detect the position of the container.
  • the step of moving the container tiling device alongside the container may include automatically aligning the coupler with the door mechanism on the container by extending a latching arm mounted on the container tilting device into the travel path of the carriage.
  • the method may further include disengaging locking means acting between the door mechanism and container before moving the coupler in a direction away from the container to actuate the door mechanism.
  • This step may further include lifting the coupler after it is engaged with the corresponding engagement formation located on the door mechanism, thereby to remove a locking formation of the locking means from a recess in which the locking formation is received when the locking means is engaged.
  • the method may yet further include automatically engaging the locking means when closing the container door and disengaging the door mechanism.
  • the step of lifting the coupler to tilt the container from its transport position into its discharge position may include allowing the coupler to move freely along an arcuate path.
  • the method may also include the step of providing a puliey system to achieve a gain in travel distance of the coupler relative to the travel distance of an actuator used in lifting the coupler of at least two.
  • the method preferably includes the use of two separate flexible drive means each having its corresponding series of pulleys so as to balance the forces acting on coupler during the tilting of the container.
  • double acting hydraulic piston and cylinder assemblies are used to move the coupler.
  • two couplers for coupling to the container at two positions are provided.
  • the movement of the two couplers are preferably synchronised.
  • the method may further include holding onto the carriage during discharging of the container, thereby providing a safety mechanism to prevent any accidental flipping of the carriage.
  • the method preferably includes mounting the container tiling device on a wheeled base thereby allowing the device to be movable between different containers without having to move the carriage.
  • the container titling device may be moved between different containers or carriages by using a propulsion system and braking system of the container tilting device.
  • the discharge process may be carried out while the carriage and the container mounted thereon are in motion.
  • a container handling system for discharging bulk material including:
  • a side discharge container including:
  • a door mechanism which is operable between a first, locked position wherein the container door is locked in its closed position and a second, unlocked position wherein the container door is open to discharge the bulk material;
  • pivot connectors located on support structures located inside the container
  • a container tilting device for engaging the door mechanism and tilting the container while the container is mounted on the carriage;
  • the container may be tilted in order to discharge the bulk material by either using an actuating mechanism carried by the carriage or using the container tilting device.
  • the container is preferably a container in accordance with the first aspect of the invention while the container titling device is preferably a device in accordance with the third aspect of the invention.
  • the carriage is either a truck drawn trailer or a train wagon.
  • Figure 1 shows a sub-system of a container handling system according to the invention including a container, cradle and carriage shown in an exploded perspective view;
  • Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the container of the sub-system of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 shows a side view of a container door of the container shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the container of Figure 2
  • Figure 5 shows a pre-tensioning device of the door mechanism of
  • Figure 6 shows a perspective view of the door mechanism of Figure 4 including another embodiment of a pre-tensioning device
  • Figure 7 shows a perspective view of the cradle of the sub-system of
  • Figure 8 shows a partial cross-sectiona! view of the cradle of Figure 7 wherein the container can be seen both mounted on and dismounted from the cradle;
  • Figure 9 shows a partial cross-sectional view of the cradle of Figure 7 illustrating the interaction with the door mechanism
  • Figure 10 shows an end view of the cradle of Figure 7 tiited halfway between its transport and discharge positions
  • Figure 11 illustrates the different stages of the method of discharging a container using the sub-system of Figure 1 ; shows cross-sectional end views of the container during different stages of the method of discharging a container illustrated in Figure 10; shows a perspective view of a sub-system of the container handling system of the invention including a container and train wagon shown in exploded perspective view; shows an end view of a container tilting device of the subsystem of Figure 13 for use in discharging a container carried on the train wagon; shows a top of the device of Figure 14 located next to a container carried on the wagon; shows a perspective view of a coupler hook of a coupling mechanism of the device of Figure 14; shows a partially exploded perspective view of a trolley of the device of Figure 1 ; illustrates the movement of a swing bar of the coupling mechanism of the device of Figure 14; illustrates the coupling action between the container and coupling mechanism of Figure 14; illustrates the step of opening a door of the container by using the coupling mechanism of Figure 14; shows a detailed view of a
  • Figure 23 shows a sub-system of the container handling system according to a second embodiment of the invention including a container and carriage shown in an exploded perspective view;
  • Figure 24 shows a rear perspective view of the sub-system of Figure
  • Figure 25 shows a perspective view of the container of the sub-system of Figure 23;
  • Figure 26 shows a cross-sectional view of the container of Figure 25 wherein a door mechanism can be seen in two different positions;
  • Figure 27 shows a partial cross-sectional view of the container and carriage in which the door mechanism of Figure 26 and an actuating mechanism of the carriage can be seen;
  • Figure 28 illustrates different stages of the door mechanism and actuating mechanism of Figure 27 during discharge
  • Figure 29 illustrates the different stages of the method of discharging a container using the sub-system of Figure 23;
  • Figure 30 shows cross-sectional end views of the container during different stages of the method of discharging a container illustrated in Figure 29;
  • Figure 31 shows a perspective view of a sub-system of the container handling system in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention including a container and train wagon shown in exploded perspective view; shows a perspective view of a container tilting device of the sub-system of Figure 31 ; shows a perspective view of a coupling mechanism of the device of Figure 32; shows a side view of the coupling mechanism of Figure 33; shows an end view of the coupling mechanism of Figure 34 in which a lifting system can be seen; shows different positions of a gripping device of the container tilting device of Figure 32; shows a top of the container tilting device of Figure 12 located next to the train wagon of the sub-system of Figure 31 ; illustrates different stages of the discharge process using the container tilting device of Figure 32; illustrates different stages of the process of unlocking rear locking means by using the door actuating mechanism of the sub-system of Figure 23; and illustrates different stages of the process of unlocking rear locking means by using the container tilting device of Figure 32.
  • FIG. 1 to 22 a non-limiting example of a first embodiment of a container handling system in accordance with the invention is illustrated in Figures 1 to 22.
  • the system aims to provide a container handling system which allows containers to be freely moved from road trailers to rail wagons, and vice versa, with complete interchangeability.
  • the container handling system further aims to provide discharge functionality irrespective of whether the containers are being carried on a road trailer or rail wagon.
  • the container handling system is described herein as a bulk material handling system. It must be understood that the term bulk material is used to describe unpacked goods, such as grain, ores, coal, sand, gravel and stone, for example, that are generally transported in loose bulk form. Although it is envisaged that the system could be particularly useful in handling bulk material it must be understood that it is not limited to this particular application and that any other type suitable stock could be transported and discharged using the system in accordance with the invention. The word handling should be interpreted to include the loading, transport and discharge of the material.
  • Figure 1 shows an exploded view of a sub-system 10 of the container handling system of the invention in which a container 12 is transported by road.
  • the sub-system 10 further includes a cradle 14 and a carriage 16.
  • the container 12 is locked onto the cradle 14 which is in turn carried pivotatly by the carriage 16 to allow the cradle to be pivoted relative thereto during discharging of the bulk material transported in the container.
  • the word carriage is used in its broad sense to include any means of conveyance, thereby covering both a truck drawn trailer as well as a train wagon.
  • the carriage 16 is in the form of a truck drawn trailer.
  • the container 12 is a side discharge container in that it has a door 18 in one of its sidewalis extending along the longitudinal length of the container.
  • the sidewall in which the door is located is indicated by the reference numeral 20.1 while the opposing sidewall is indicated by the numeral 20.2.
  • FIG. 2 the door 18 is shown in its open position wherein bulk material is allowed to be discharged through an opening 22 in the sidewall 20.1 of the container.
  • the door 18 is hinged to the container sidewall 20.1 at its end which is, in use, its lower end by a hinge 24.
  • the other end of the door 18 has a door extension plate 26 in order to increase the overall distance which the bulk material travels over the door when it is discharged from the container.
  • the door 18 rests on supports or rollers 28 (shown in Figure 1) carried by the carriage 16.
  • supports or rollers 28 shown in Figure 1
  • the extension plate 26 By increasing the overall height of the door 18 using the extension plate 26, the actual discharge point where the bulk material is discharged from is moved further away from the wheels 30 of the carriage. This in turn, creates space for the discharging of bulk material next to the carriage 16.
  • the length of the extension plate 26 will be determined by operationai needs to obtain the desired materia! trajectory during discharge.
  • the container door 18 has upstanding side skirts 32 located at its longitudinally opposed ends to prevent the material from spilling sideways during discharging.
  • the profile of the side skirts can be seen in Figure 3 which shows a side view of the door 18.
  • the container 12 further includes profiled vertical supports 34 which provide storage space for the door skirts 32 when the door 18 is in its closed position.
  • the door skirts 32 are received in the gaps between the vertical supports 34 and the longitudinally spaced apart end walls 20.3 and 20.4 of the container.
  • FIG 4 shows cross-sectional side views of the container 12 with the door in its open and closed positions
  • the container has a sloped floor 36.
  • the floor 36 slopes upward, at least over a major part of its width, towards the sidewa! 20.1 in which the container door 18 is located.
  • the door hinge 24 is located at the top of the sloped floor to raise the hinge point above the lowest point of the container where dust particulates collect.
  • the sloped floor 36 also creates a space between it and a bottom wa!! 38 of the container in which a seif-!ocking door mechanism 40 is at least partially located.
  • the door mechanism 40 is operable between a first, locked position wherein the container door is closed and locked, and a second, unlocked position wherein the container door is open to discharge the bulk material.
  • Figure 4 shows the door mechanism 40 is its locked and its unlocked positions.
  • the door mechanism 40 includes a first or top L-shaped actuating link 42.
  • the arm of the link 42 which is the shorter arm, is connected to the container 12 using a pivot pin 44.1.
  • the door mechanism 40 further includes a second or lower link 46 which is also referred to as a connecting link and which is connected to the top actuating link 42 at one end using a pivot pin 44.2.
  • the other end of the connecting link 46 is pivotally connected to a first intermediate link 48 by means of a pin 44.3.
  • the first intermediate link 48 is connected to a second link 50 which is, in turn, connected to a rear actuating link 52.
  • the links 48, 50 and 52 are also pivotaliy connected to one another by means of pivot pins 44.4 and 44.5.
  • the other end of the rear actuating link 52 is pivotaliy connected to the wall 20.2 of the container 12 by means of pivot pin 44.6.
  • top link 42 is pivoted between a first and second position when the door mechanism 40 is manipulated between its closed and open positions.
  • the first position of the top link corresponds with the closed position of the door mechanism while the second position corresponds with the open position of the door mechanism.
  • the top link 42 is in its first position the door is forced closed by means of a roller 53 carried on the arm of the top link which is the longer arm.
  • the top link is in its second position the door 18 is allowed to be opened.
  • the weight of the door 18, and the weight of the material inside the container when filled wiil act on the door to open it when the top link is moved from its first position to its second position.
  • the door mechanism 40 can be manipulated between its open and closed positions in two ways.
  • the first option is to move the first intermediate Sink 48, which is also referred to as a drive link, back and forth while the second option is to pivot the rear actuating link 52 be lifting its end which is, in use, its lower end.
  • the intermediate link 48 is, in use, driven by an actuating mechanism located on the cradle 14, whereas the rear actuating link 52 is lifted by a container tilting device. Both methods of manipulating the door mechanism 40 are described in greater detail videow.
  • the door mechanism 40 further includes a pre-tensioning device 54 for adjusting the tension between the top link 42 and the connecting link 46.
  • the tensioning device 54 is shown in detail in Figure 5. From this figure it can be seen that the device 54 includes a wedge 56 having an internal thread into which a bolt 58 is threaded. In use, the wedge 56 wedges against the pivot pin 44.2 connecting the first and second actuating links. The pin 44.2 in turn runs in an elongate hole 60 extending through the connecting link 46 so that it is moved along the hole as the wedge 56 is adjusted by turning the bolt 58. It must be understood that by adjusting the tensioning device 54 the friction between the top link 42 and the connecting link 46 is adjusted to adjust the resistance against the opening and closing of the door 8.
  • Figure 5 shows different positions of the wedge 56 during the tensioning of the device 54.
  • the connecting link 46 comprises an adjustable tube assembly 256.
  • the tube assembly 256 includes two bushes 258.1 and 258.2 which are, in use, a top and bottom bush respectively.
  • the top bush 258.1 connects a tube 260 to the top link 42 using the pin 44.2.
  • the bottom bush 258.2 connects the tube 260 to the first intermediate link 48.
  • the bushes 258.1 and 258.2 are movab!y and removably connected to the links 42 and 48 respectively.
  • the top bush 258.1 carries external thread 262 which, in use, engages internal thread of the tube 260.
  • the bottom bush 258.2 in turn carries a spigot 264 which is, in use, received in the tube 260.
  • the spigot and tube are dimensioned so at to allow the tube to rotate about the centre axis of the spigot.
  • the tensioning device 254 further includes a locking pin 266 which is used to lock the tube 260 to the bottom bush 258.2 i.e. prevent rotation between the tube and spigot.
  • a hole 268 extends through the bush 258.2 and two holes 270 extend, at right angles to each other, through the tube 260. To lock the tube to the bottom bush the hole 268 is aligned with one of the holes 270 so that the locating pin 266 can be received in the aligned holes, thereby to obstruct rotation between the bottom bush and the tube. It must be understood that by pulling out the pin 266 the device 254 is unlocked to allow rotation of the tube 260. The pin 266 can then be inserted into any one of a series of holes 272 located in the sidewal!
  • the series of holes 272 is arranged so as to allow the pin 266 to be received therein from the front, i.e. when standing in front of the front wall 20.1 of the container 12, at any rotation.
  • the cradle 14 includes two longitudinally extending beams 61.1 and 61.2. A number of laterally, spaced apart supports are connected between the beams 60.1 and 60.2. in the illustrated embodiment, the cradle 14 includes four supports 62.1 to 62.4 with the two end supports 62.1 and 62.4 being connected to the ends of the beams 60.1 and 60.2. Two upstanding members 64.1 and 64.2, each carrying a pivot connector 66, are located on the end supports 62.1 and 62.4.
  • the pivot connectors 66 are compiementally shaped to pivot connectors 68 ( Figure 1 ⁇ located on the carriage 16 so that, in use, the complemental!y shaped pivot connectors engage one another when the cradle is mounted on the carriage.
  • the pivot connectors 66 on the cradle 14 are in the form of stub shafts while the pivot connectors 68 on the carriage 16 are in the form of sockets provided in a frame 70.
  • the shafts 66 are pivotally received in the sockets 66 to allow the cradle 14 to pivot relative to the carriage 16.
  • both supports 62.2 to 62.3 house a door actuating mechanism 72 to engage both door mechanisms 40 on the container 12.
  • FIG 8 shows a cross-sectional view through the cradle 14 and container 12.
  • Figure 8 shows the container 12 both connected to and disconnected from the cradle 14, thereby also illustrating the act of mounting the container on the cradle.
  • the actuating mechanism 72 includes movable engaging means 74 carrying an engaging formation 76 for engaging a compiementally shaped engaging formation 78 carried on the first intermediate or drive link 48.
  • the movable engaging means 74 is illustrated as a wheeled trolley from which the engaging formation 76 extends. From Figure 8 is can be seen that the engaging formation 76 is held captive by the engaging formation 78 when the container 12 is mounted on the carriage 14.
  • An actuator 80 is mounted inside the support and used to move the wheeled trolley 74 forwards and backwards between different positions along the support. It must be understood that one end of the actuator 80 is fixed to the cradle 14 while the other end is connected to the wheeled trolley 74.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the act of opening the container door 18 by manipulating the door mechanism 40 by using the actuator 80.
  • each actuating mechanism 72 extends through a slot 82 provided in each of the supports 62.2 and 62.3 so that it is located outside the support where it can engage the corresponding engaging formation 76 of the door mechanism 40.
  • the cradle 14 further includes connecting formations 84 provided on the end supports 62.1 and 62.4 onto which actuators 86 acting between the cradle and carriage are, in use, connected.
  • One of the actuators 86 can be seen in Figure 10 which illustrates the tilting action of the cradle 14 relative to the carriage 16.
  • the cradle 14 is shown halfway between its fiat, transporting position and its titled, discharging position, it must be understood that the container 12 is tilted together with the cradle 14 as it is connected thereto using container twist locks 88.
  • FIG. 11 The different stages of the material discharge process are illustrated in Figure 11.
  • the container door 18 is opened by actuating the actuators 80 to manipulate the door mechanisms 40 from their closed positions into their open positions.
  • the cradle 14 together with the container 12 thereon is tilted by actuating the actuators 86 so that the container is pivoted relative to the carriage 6.
  • the door 18 is closed by actuating the actuators 80 and the cradle is moved back into its transporting position by actuating the actuators 86.
  • the container door 18 returns to its closed position it is automatically locked.
  • the carriage 16 is then transported away from the discharge site to allow the next container to be discharged.
  • the steps of the method of discharging the container 12 have been set out in the preferred order it must be clear that they do not necessarily have to be carried out in the specific order described above.
  • the cradle 14 can be lowered back into its transport position before the container door 18 is closed.
  • the sub-system 10 aims to position the centre of gravity 90 of the bulk material being discharged between the longitudinal centre tine of the carnage 16 and the sidewall 20.2 of the container 12 opposite the discharge side 20.1 for a major part of the discharge process. It must be understood that by keeping the centre of gravity 90 of the bulk material in the central region of the container between its side walls 20.1 and 20.2 for the majority of the discharge process the risk of the container, cradle and carriage tipping over during discharging is reduced significantly.
  • Figure 12 shows the position of the centre of gravity 90 during different stages of the discharge process. At the different stages shown in Figure 12 the centre of gravity of the bulk material is located on the side of the longitudinal centre line opposite to the discharge side. This is achieved by the careful positioning of the pivot axis 92 about which the cradle 14 pivots during the discharge process. Another advantage of using the sub-system 10 is that there is no need for large containing tipping machines, thereby reducing costs significantly.
  • the container handling system in accordance with the invention further includes a sub-system 100 for the handling and discharge of containers when carried by rail. It is envisaged that this sub-system would find particular application in discharging containers carried on train wagons and is illustrated in Figure 13. As mentioned above, like numerals indicate like features.
  • Figure 13 shows two containers 12 being carried by a train wagon 102.
  • the containers 12 are substantially the same as the one described above with reference to the sub-system 10 and will therefore not be described in detail.
  • the sub-system 100 includes three frame sections mountable on the wagon bed 104.
  • Two frame sections 106.1 and 106.2 are mounted at the longitudinal ends of the wagon bed 104 and the third frame section 106.3 at the centre thereof.
  • the two end frame sections 106.1 and 106,2 each has one pivot connector in the form of a socket 108 for engaging a complementaily shaped pivot connector in the form of a stub shaft 110 carried by the container 12.
  • the centre frame section 106.3 has two sockets 108 for engaging both containers 12 mounted on the wagon 102.
  • the system 100 To discharge the bulk material in the containers 12 mounted on the wagon 102 there is also provided for the system 100 to include a container tiling device 112.
  • the container tilting device 1 12 can be seen in Figure 14 in which it is shown in the process of tipping a container.
  • the device 112 has a wheeled base 114 so that it can move between different locations.
  • the device 112 runs on rails 116 substantially parallel to the rails 118 on which the wagon 02 runs. This allows the tilting device 1 2 to be moved back and along its rails to discharge the bulk material from multiple containers 12.
  • Figure 15 shows the location of the titling device 1 12 relative to the container 12 mounted on a rail wagon 102 as it is transported past it.
  • the movable tilting device 112 allows for the discharge of containers mounted on the rail wagon 102 in motion i.e. without the need to bring the wagon to a standstill. It is envisaged that the tilting device 112 could move with the wagon while busy tilting a container 12 mounted on the wagon. It is believed that this will significantly reduce the time required to discharge bulk material at a tipping station, for example.
  • the titling device 112 includes a coupling mechanism 120 which, in use, couples onto the rear opening link 52 of the container 12 and is operable to pivot the link about its pivot point 44.6.
  • the coupling mechanism 120 includes a slide 122 and a swing bar 124 connected to the slide through a tie 126.
  • the tie 126 is pivotai!y connected between the slide 122 and swing bar 124 so as to allow the swing bar to move in an arc relative to the slide.
  • the swing bar 124 carries a coupler 128 which, in use, couples to a bar 130 the rear opening link 52 of the container 12 as shown in Figure 16.
  • the coupler 128 is in the form of a hook in which the bar 130 is received when the coupler engages the link 52.
  • the swing bar 124 carries a shackle 132 to which a rope 134 is in use connected in order to lift the swing bar and slide 122.
  • the slide 122 is movable along a first axis of movement which is arranged substantially vertically so as to allow the slide to move upwards and downwards on a primary vertical support 136 using a lifting system.
  • a lifting system for the sake of clarity the slide 122 is also referred to as a vertical slide seeing that it moves vertically in use.
  • the lifting system includes a series of pulleys over which the rope 134 in use runs in order to lift or lower the vertical slide 122. As shown in Figure 14 the rope 134 runs from the vertical slide 122 over a pulley 138.1 located on top of the primary vertical support 136.
  • a second rope 1 4 is connected at one end to the underside of the swing bar 24 and runs over pulleys 138.4 and 138.5 ( Figure 22) located under and at the edges of the base 114. From the pulley 138.5 the rope 144 runs over a pulley 138.6 mounted on the secondary support 40 before it is fixed on the base 114.
  • the pulleys 138.3 and 138.6 are mounted on a trolley 146.
  • Figure 17 shows an exploded view of the trolley mounted to the secondary vertical support 140.
  • the secondary vertical support 140 includes two parallel longitudinal members 140.1 and 140.2, shown as I-beams in the accompanying drawings. Two transverse members 140.3 and 140.4 extend between the top and bottom ends of the longitudinal members.
  • the trolley 146 has a box-shaped body 148 to which two wheels 150 are connected.
  • the wheels 150 run between the flanges of the I-beams 140.1 and 140.2 so that the trolley is allowed to run smoothly up and down the beams.
  • the wheels 150 secure the top end of the body 148 to the vertical support 140 while two pairs of guides 152 secure the lower end to the vertical support, thereby ensuring that the vertical slide can only move along the longitudinal axis of the vertical support 140.
  • the position of the wheel 38.3 is fixed while the position of the pulley 138,6 is adjustable.
  • the pulley 138.6 is movable it is mounted in a slide box 154, which is slidable along the length of the trolley body 54.
  • a tension member in the form of a compression coil spring 156 urges the slide box, and therefore the pulley 138.6, upwards.
  • the spring 156 acts as a rope tensioning device to ensure that the rope is always taut.
  • the invention further includes hydraulic linear actuators 158 to move the trolley up and down the secondary vertical support 140.
  • the actuators 158 are connected between the body 148 of the trolley and the transverse section 140.4 located at the bottom end of the vertical support. Both ends of each actuator 58 carries a clevis type connector 160 which connects to a corresponding connector 162.
  • the vertical slide 122 and swing bar 124 are moved by moving the trolley up and down the secondary vertical support 140 by extending and contracting the actuators 158.
  • the vertical slide 122 is lifted by moving the trolley 146 downward i.e. by contracting the actuators 158. It follows naturally that the vertical slide 122 is lowered by moving the trolley 146 upward i.e. by extending the actuators 158.
  • the tilting device 112 includes an actuating mechanism 164 shown in Figure 18.
  • the actuating mechanism 164 has a catch 166 defining a recess 168 in which a portion of the swing bar 124 is received when the catch engages the swing bar.
  • Figure 18 illustrates the movement of the catch 166 between its two extreme positions along a second axis of movement, which is substantially horizontal in use.
  • a linear actuator 170 again in the form of a hydraulic actuator, is used to move the catch 166 between its two extremes. As shown in Figure 18, the actuator 170 is extended in order to move the catch towards the container 12 mounted on the rail wagon 102, and contracted to move it away from the container 12.
  • the swing bar 124 and, accordingly, the hook 128 which engages the container 12 are pivoted towards the container as the catch 166 is moved towards the container i.e. when the actuator 170 is extended.
  • the catch 166 is moved in a horizontal direction.
  • wheels 172 which run along a channel 174 ( Figure 14) extending along the horizontal direction.
  • the train wagon 104 carrying the container 12 in which the bulk material is being transported is moved into position next to the container tilting device 112. With or without stopping the wagon 102 the tilting apparatus 1 12 is moved alongside the wagon 102 and, accordingly the containers 12 mounted thereon.
  • the vertical siide 122 is lowered so that the catch 166 on the actuating mechanism 164 engages the swing bar 124.
  • the actuator 170 is extended to move the hook 126 towards the container 12 until the hook is position below the bar 130 carried by the link 52.
  • the actuators 158 are contracted so as to move the trolley 146 down the secondary support 140, thereby lifting the hook 126 to engage the bar 130.
  • the act of engaging the hook 126 and bar 30 is illustrated in Figure 19.
  • the step of unlocking the link 52 so that it can be pivoted is illustrated in Figure 21. From this figure it can be seen that the container 12 has a locking formation 176 which engages a recess 178 in the link 52 when the link is in its closed position. In order to unlock the link 52 it must be lifted so as to lift the recess off the locking formation 176 or, in other words, to release the link from the locking formation. When releasing the link 52 from the locking formation 176 its pivot shaft is aiso lifted. This is made possible by the inclusion of a pivot link 180 which connect to the shaft 44.6 and pivots about an axis 182. it must be understood that the locking formation 176 automatically locks the link 52 and, therefore the door 18, when the door is moved into its closed position after discharge.
  • locking formation 176 and recess 178 are described to be located on the container and link 52 respectively, it must be understood that the recess could be located on the container and the locking formation 1 6 on the link 52.
  • the locking formation 176 and recess 178 therefore act as complementaliy shaped locking formations which lock the door mechanism when they are engaged.
  • the locking formation on the link 52 could also be located on either the first or second intermediate links 48 and 50.
  • the vertical slide 122 is lowered to pivot the container 12 from its discharge position back into its transport position.
  • the vertical slide is lowered by extending the actuators 158 so as the move the trolley 146 upwards.
  • the swing bar 124 again engages the catch 166 of the actuating mechanism 164.
  • the actuator 170 is extended to cause the catch to move towards the container 12, thereby pivoting the rear link 52 back towards the container. This causes the door mechanism 40 to close the container door 18.
  • the door is automatically locked as the locking formation 176 is received in the recess 178 in the link 52.
  • the actuator 170 is contracted to move the catch 166 away from the container 2, thereby decoupling the coupler hook 126 and the bar 30. Thereafter, the titling device 1 12 is moved to the second container mounted on the rail wagon 104 and the above method of discharging the bulk materia! is repeated. It is believed that more than one containing tilting device 112 could be used in series on the same set of rails 116 so that multiple containers 12 can be discharge simultaneously.
  • the both sub-systems 10 and 100 form part of the holistic bulk material handling system wherein the bulk material may be transported by rail only, from rail to road, from road to rail or from road to rail to road again.
  • the interchangeability of the components in the subsystems 10 and 100 allows for easy integration of different forms of transport.
  • By using the sub-systems 10 and 100 in a holistic system there is no longer need to transfer bulk materia! from one type of container to another when switching between different forms of transportation.
  • the containers 12 can simply be dismounted from one type of carriage, for example the trailer 16, and mounted on another type of carriage, for example the rail wagon 104, while fully loaded with bulk material. Irrespective of type of transport the containers 12 can easily be discharged as they allow for two different methods of actuating the door mechanisms 40 as described above.
  • Another significant advantage of the system in accordance with the invention is a container can be discharged using either method while stili being mounted on the carriage. It is believed that the system in accordance with the invention therefore also reduces the number of times a particular container is handled during the loading, transport and discharge phases. It is further believed that the use of a side discharge container simplifies the discharge phase as the bulk material is not being discharge in line with the direction of travel of the carriage.
  • the system includes a sub-system 300 for the handling and discharging of containers when carried by road and a sub-system 400 for the handling and discharging of containers when carried by rail.
  • Figure 23 shows an exploded view of the sub-system 300.
  • a container 302 for carrying bulk material is mounted directly on the carriage 16, which is illustrated as a truck drawn trailer.
  • the container 302 is again carried pivotally on the trailer 16 but without the use of a cradle.
  • the container 302 is mounted directly onto lateral supports 304.1 to 304.4 which are fixed to the chassis of the trailer 16.
  • the container 302 is secured on the trailer 16 by means of standard twist locks used on shipping containers.
  • the lateral supports 304 each carry a male twist lock 306 at their longitudinally opposed ends for engagement with the femaie corner castings 308 located on the container 302.
  • the container 302 is again a side discharge container.
  • the container 302 is substantially similar to the container 12 of the first embodiment and, accordingly, only the most significant differences wili be described in detail. From Figure 25 it can be seen that, due to the exclusion of the cradle from the second embodiment, the pivot connectors 310 are now located on the container 302 directly for engagement with the complementally shaped pivot connectors 312 of the trailer.
  • the pivot connectors 310 on the container 302 are in the form of shafts while the pivot connectors 312 on the trailer 16 are in the form of sockets provided in an upstanding frame 314. In this second embodiment the upstanding frames 314 are again mounted directly to the chassis of the trailer.
  • the pivot shafts 310 are received pivotally in the sockets 312 to allow the container to be pivoted relative to the trailer 6.
  • the upstanding frames 314 are received in cavities 316 defined by box-like support structures 318 of the container 302. It must be understood that the upstanding frames 314 extend through the floor of the container 302 and into the structures 318 when the container is being transported on the trailer.
  • the main advantage of this container mounting arrangement of the second embodiment is that the maximum container length that can be transported by the trailer is not determined by the distance between the upstanding frames 314. in other words, containers of different lengths could be transported on the trailer seeing that the upstanding frames 314 do not provide absolute limits between which the container must fit when mounted on the trailer.
  • the container further has two ties 320 running between its box-like structures 318 and its sidewall 20.2.
  • the ties 320 are included to resist bulging of the container walls, in particular the sidewalls 20.1 and 20.2, while carrying bulk material.
  • the door mechanism of the container 302 is also simplified in order to include less movable parts than the door mechanism 40 of the container 12 of the first embodiment.
  • the door mechanism of the container 302 is indicated by the numeral 322 in Figure 26 in which it is illustrated in its locked and its unlocked positions.
  • the door mechanism 322 is operable between a first, locked position wherein the container door is closed and locked, and a second, unlocked position wherein the container door is open to discharge the bulk material.
  • the door mechanism 322 includes a first or top L-shaped actuating link 324.
  • the arm of the link 324 which is the shorter arm, is connected to the container 302 using a pivot pin 326.1.
  • the door mechanism 322 further includes a connecting link 328 which is connected to the top actuating link 324 at one end using a pivot pin 326.2.
  • the other end of the connecting link 328 is pivotally connected to an intermediate link 330 by means of a pin 326.3.
  • the intermediate link 330 is, in turn, connected to a drive link 322, again by means of a pivot pin 326.4.
  • the top link 324 is pivoted between a first and a position when the door mechanism 322 is manipulated between its closed and open positions.
  • the first position of the top link corresponds with the closed position of the door mechanism while the second position corresponds with the open position of the door mechanism.
  • the top link 324 is in its first position the door is forced closed by means of a roller 333 carried on the arm of the top link which is the longer arm.
  • the top link is in its second position the door 18 is allowed to be opened.
  • the weight of the door 18, and the weight of the material inside the container when filled will act on the door to open it when the top link is moved from its first position to its second position.
  • the door mechanism 322 is manipulated between its open and closed positions by causing the drive Sink 332 to be moved back and forth in a channel located below the floor of the container. From Figure 26 it can be seen that the drive link moves substantially linearly when being manipulated to open and close the door.
  • the drive link 332 In order to manipulate the drive link 332 it carries two engagement formations 334 and 336 for engagement with comp!ementa!ly shaped engagement formations located on an actuating mechanism located on the trailer 16 and a container tilting device respectively.
  • the engagement formation 334 is typically used when discharging a container 302 carried on the trailer 16 while the engagement formation 336 is typically used when discharging a container carried on a train wagon. Both methods of manipulating the door mechanism 322 are described in greater detail below.
  • the connecting iink 328 again comprises the pre-tensioning device 254.
  • the pre-tensioning device 254 could be used to adjust the force being exerted on the door 18 when the door mechanism 322 and accordingly the door 18 are in their closed positions.
  • an increase in length of the pre-tensioning device 254 increases the force acting on the door 18 to retain it in its closed position.
  • the length of the pre-tensioning device 254 will typically be increased to counter the effects of wear and tear on the container door 18 so as to ensure that the door doses with sufficient force to prevent any buik materia! from escaping during transit.
  • the sub-system 300 for discharging the container 302 when carried on the trailer includes laterally extending supports or channels 304.3 and 304.4 which each houses at least partially a door actuating mechanism 338 for manipulating the door mechanisms 322.
  • the door actuating mechanism 338 can be seen in Figure 27, which shows a cross-sectional view through the trailer 16 and container 302.
  • the actuating mechanism 338 includes movable engaging means 340 carrying a jaw 342 in which a connecting pin 344 carried by an actuator 346 is receivable.
  • the connecting pin 344 defines an engaging formation for engaging the complementally shaped engaging formation 334 carried on the drive link 332.
  • the engagement formation has a slot 348 in which the connecting pin 344 is received when the container 302 is mounted on the trailer 16.
  • the movable engaging means 340 is illustrated as a wheeled trolley carrying the jaw 342.
  • An actuator 350 is mounted inside the support 304.3 and used to move the wheeled trolley 340 forwards and backwards between different positions along the longitudinal length of the support. Again, one end of the actuator 350 is fixed to the support 304.3 while the other end is connected to the wheeled trolley 340 such that, in use, extension and contraction of the actuator causes the trolley to move.
  • Figure 28 illustrates the different stages in the process of opening the container door 18 and discharging the bulk material therefrom.
  • the container door 18 is opened by manipulating the door mechanisms 322 from its closed position into its open position. This is done by moving the carriage 340 and therefore the drive link 350 in the direction indicated by the numeral 352. As shown in Figure 28(a), the carriage 340 is moved in the direction 352 by actuating the actuator 346, typically a single acting multi-stage hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly. Before actuating the hydraulic cylinder 346 further it is necessary to move the trolley 340 back slightly in the direction indicated by the numeral 354 in Figure 28(b). This step of moving the trolley 340 in the direction 354 is necessary due to the shape of the jaw 342.
  • the actuator 346 typically a single acting multi-stage hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly.
  • the container 302 is lowered back into its transport position.
  • the container is lowered by releasing the hydraulic pressure of the cylinder 346 so that it is contracted under the force of gravity by the weight of the container.
  • the connecting pin 344 is again received in the jaw 342 as the container 302 is lowered back into its transport position.
  • the actuator 350 typically a double acting hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly, is extended to move the trolley 340 in the direction 354 until the door is completely closed.
  • the container door 18 is automatically locked upon its return to its closed position. Automatic locking is achieved by over-centreing the link 328.
  • the term over-centre is used to describe the act of pushing the operatively lower end of the connecting link 328 beyond a position wherein the link is vertical when closing the container door 18.
  • the over-centre position of the link 328 is shown in detail in Figure 27. From this figure it can be seen that a slide or wheel 356 carrying the lower end of the link 328 is pushed beyond a ridge or nock 358 formed in the surface on which it moves. The centre of the wheel 358 is moved about 10mm past the nock 358 so that the fink 328 is angled slightly backward in order lock the door mechanism 322 in its closed position. As a result of the backward angled link 328 an external force sufficient to move the wheel 356 back over the nock 358 is required in order to move the door mechanism into its open position.
  • the sub-system 300 provides several additional advantages.
  • the door mechanism 322 is simplified to include less movable parts thereby reducing maintenance.
  • the connecting pin 344 in the jaw 342 allows for a single connection point on the container 302.
  • Another advantage of the subsystem 300 and in particular its door and actuation mechanisms is that the two actuators 346 and 350 can be operated at the same time during the discharge process to open the door 18 in a controlled manner.
  • the actuator 350 could effectively by used as a brake to prevent the door 18 from collapsing to its open position under the force of the bulk material. This could not only allow for controlled discharge of the bulk material but couid also prevent the door from being damaged by slamming into the trailer for example should it simply collapse under the weight of the bulk material.
  • the container handling system in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention further includes a sub-system 400 for the handling and discharge of containers when carried by rail. It is envisaged that this subsystem would find particular application in discharging containers carried on train wagons as illustrated in Figure 31. As mentioned above, like numerals indicate like features.
  • Figure 31 shows two containers 302 being carried by a train wagon 102.
  • the containers 302 are substantially the same as the one described above with reference to the sub-system 300 and will therefore not be described in detail.
  • Similar to the sub-system 300 there are a number of lateral supports 402.1 to 402.6 mountable on the wagon bed 104.
  • the lateral supports are securable on the wagon bed 104 by means of container twist locks 404.
  • four of the lateral supports carry frame sections 314 similar to those described above with reference to the sub-system 300. Again, the pivot connectors 310 of the containers 302 are received in the sockets 312 of the frame sections 314 when the containers are mounted on the wagon bed 104.
  • the lateral supports 402.2 and 402.5 provide support surfaces for supporting the underside of the containers 302 when mounted on the wagon bed 104, thereby preventing the understde from bulging under the weight of the bulk material.
  • the later supports 402.2 and 402.5 also provide gripping locations for a container tilting device 406.
  • the container tilting device 406 can be seen in Figure 32 which shows a perspective view of thereof.
  • the device 406 has a wheeled base 408 so that it can move between different locations.
  • the titling device 406 runs on rails substantially parallel to the rails on which the wagon 102 runs.
  • the titling device 403 includes two coupling mechanisms 410 which, in use, couples onto the rear engagement formations 336 of the door mechanisms 322.
  • the coupling mechanisms 410 are operable to move the door mechanisms 322 from their closed positions into their open positions and to lift the container 302 in order to discharge the bulk material therefrom.
  • the coupling mechanism 410 includes vertical slide 412 and a bar 414 which is carried by the vertical slide in a manner allowing the bar to be movable with respect to the vertical slide in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of travel of the vertical slide.
  • the bar 414 is movable in a substantially horizontal direction with respect to the vertical slide 412. It must however be understood that the bar 414 is also movable vertically as it is carried by the vertical slide 412.
  • the bar 414 carries a coupler 416 which, in use, couples to the engagement formation 336 of the drive link 332 of the container 302.
  • the coupler 416 is illustrated as a hook in which the engagement formation 336, which is in the form of a connecting pin or bar, is received when the coupler engages the drive link 332. Due to the bar 414 being movable in two directions of movement, e.g. vertical and horizontal in the accompanying drawings, the hook 416 is allowed to move in an arc 418 ( Figure 34) to discharge the bulk materia! from the container 302.
  • the vertical slide 412 is movable upwards and downwards on a primary vertical support which has two upright channel sections 420.1 and 420.2, the operatively lower ends of which are connected to the base 408 while the operatively upper ends are connected to one another by a cross-bar 422.
  • Arcuate supports 424.1 and 424.2 extend from the cross-bar 422 and bolt to the base 408 to provide further structural support to the upright channel sections 420.1 and 420.2.
  • the vertical slide 412 is movable upward and downward by means of a lifting system 426 which operate substantially between the upright channel sections 420.1 and 420.2.
  • the lifting system includes a trolley 428, the wheels 430 of which run inside the channel sections 420.1 and 420.2.
  • the lifting system To move the trolley 428 up and down the channel sections 420.1 and 420.2 the lifting system includes two actuators 432 mounted between the base 408 and the trolley 428.
  • the actuators are typically in the form of a double acting hydraulic piston and cylinder assemblies.
  • the hydraulic cylinders 432 are arranged substantially parallel to the upright channel sections 42.1 and 420.2 and are in use extended to lift the trolley 428 and contracted in order to lower the trolley.
  • the vertical slide 412 also includes four wheels 434 which in turn run inside two upright channel sections 436.1 and 436.2 of the trolley 428 to allow it to move relative to the trolley 428 while the trolley is being lifted or lowered.
  • the lifting system 426 includes a flexible drive means running from the vertical slide 412 over a series of pulleys and back to the vertical slide.
  • the flexible drive means is in the form of two separate chains 438.1 and 438.2.
  • Each chain runs from the vertical slide 412 over a pair of sprockets 440 located at the operattveiy upper end of the trolley 428 and back down over a second pair of sprockets 442 located at the operatively lower end of the trolley 428 before running back to the vertical slide.
  • the drive system 426 described above increases the travel of the vertical slide 412 by a factor of two with respect to the travel of the trolley 428.
  • the drive system 426 thereby allows the vertical slide 412 to reach its uppermost position at the top of the channels sections 436.1 and 436.2 when the hydraulic cylinders 432 are extended and its lowermost position at the bottom of the channel sections 436.1 and 436.2 when the hydraulic cylinders 432 are contracted.
  • the vertical slide 412 further includes four wheels or pulleys 440 which allows for guided movement of the bar 414 in a substantially horizontal direction, in use.
  • the bar 414 is in the form of an I- beam which has locating ridges 442 running longitudinally along its flanges 444. In use, the locating ridges are received in annular grooves in the putleys 440 to ensure that the bar 414 moves substantially linearly when moving in the horizontal direction.
  • the coupling mechanism 410 further includes an actuating mechanism 446 to move the bar 414 back and forth away from and towards the location of the container 302, i.e. in a substantially horizontal direction.
  • the actuating mechanism 446 has a catch 448 defining a recess 450 in which a portion of the bar 414 is received when the catch engages the bar.
  • the end of the bar 414 opposite the end where the hook 416 is located carries a roller 452 which is received in the opening 450 when the catch engages the bar.
  • a linear actuator 454 again in the form of a double acting hydraulic piston and cylinder assembly, is used to move the catch 448 between its two extremes.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 454 is extended in order to move the catch away from the container 302 mounted on the rail wagon 102, and contracted to move it towards the container 302.
  • the catch 448 is moved in a horizontal direction through extension and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder 454.
  • To facilitate movement of the catch 448 it again has wheels 456 which run on opposite sides of flanges 458.1 and 458.2 of two channel sections 460.1 and 460.2 extending along the horizontal direction.
  • the flanges 458.1 and 458.2 again carry upstanding ridges 462 which are received in grooves of the wheels 450 to guide the catch 448 during movement.
  • the channel sections 460.1 and 460.2 are fixed to the base 408 by means of two brackets 464.1 and 464.2,
  • the channel sections 460,1 and 460.2 are spaced apart from one another to define an opening in the form of a slot between them through which a portion 466 of the catch 448 extends. This portion 466 is used to attach an end of the hydraulic cylinder 454 to the catch for 448, typically by means of a clevis connector 468 carried by the end of the hydraulic cylinder 454.
  • each container tilting device 406 has two coupling mechanisms 410 which are mounted parallel to one another on the base 408, The coupling mechanisms for 10 are spaced apart so that the distance between hooks 416 is substantially equal to the distance between the door mechanisms 322 of one container 302. In use, the hooks 416 engage both bars 336 of the container 302 when tilting the container.
  • the container tilting device 406 also includes a gripping device 470 for gripping or holding the railway wagon 102 during the discharge process.
  • the gripping device 470 is located between the two coupling mechanisms 410 so that it is substantially aligned with either one of two lateral supports 402.2 or 402.5 mounted on the train wagon 102 depending on which container is being discharged.
  • the gripping device 470 as a gripping portion 472 which is again movable in at least two directions of movement which are substantially perpendicular to one another. In the embodiment illustrated in the accompanying drawings the two directions of movement again substantially vertically and horizontally.
  • the gripping portion or claw 472 is carried on the end of a tubular body 474.
  • the body 474 is mounted movably on a wheeled frame 476.
  • the gripping device 470 further includes two actuators 478 and 480 forming the tubular body 474 and wheeled trolley 478 in the horizontal and vertical directions respectively.
  • the actuators 478 and 480 are again in the form of double acting hydraulic piston and cylinder assemblies.
  • the movement of the gripping portion 472 of the gripping device 470 is illustrated in Figure 36. From this figure it can be seen that extension and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder 478 causes the wheeled trolley 476 to move it downwardly and upwardly along to apart upright channel sections 482.1 and 482.2. In turn, extension and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder 480 causes the tubular body 474 to move back and forth along a substantially horizontal direction, i.e. towards and away from the container 302 mounted on the train wagon 102 in use.
  • the gripping portion 472 engages one of the lateral supports 402.2 or 402.5 mounted on the train wagon 102 on the side of the train wagon opposite the side from which the bulk material is being discharged. It must be understood that the gripping portion 47 holds onto the train wagon 102 as a safety measure to prevent any accidental tipping of the train wagon during the container discharge process. It is believed that by gripping the train wagon 102 at a location substantially in the longitudinal centre of the container 302 the forces acting on the train wagon during discharge are more balanced.
  • the train wagon 102 carrying two containers 302 in which the bulk material is being transported is moved into position next to the container tilting device 406.
  • the tilting apparatus 406 With or without stopping the wagon 102 the tilting apparatus 406 is moved into position alongside the wagon 102 and, accordingly the containers 302 mounted thereon.
  • the container tilting apparatus 406 could be moved into position either manually or automatically through the use of sensors which detect the position of the containers.
  • the gripping portion 472 of the gripping device 470 is moved to the height of the lateral support 402.2 mounted on the train wagon 102.
  • the gripping portion 472 is then moved towards to train wagon 102 until it engages the lateral support 402.2.
  • the coupling mechanisms 410 may engage the door mechanisms 322 on the container 302.
  • the hook 416 Before the container 302 can be tilted it is necessary to disengage the lock which prevents the drive link 332 of the door mechanism from moving when locked, !n order to unlock the lock on the drive link 332 the hook 416 must be moved along a path 488 shown in Figure 38(a) to (c). First, the hook 416 must be lowered by lowering the vertical slide 416 so that the catch 448 engages the bar 414. Next, the hydraulic cylinder 454 is contracted to move the hook 416 towards the container 302 until the hook is position below the bar 336 carried by the drive link 332.
  • FIG 38(c) shows the position of the hook 416 in which it engages the bar 336 carried on the drive link 332 of the door mechanism 332.
  • the actuator 454 is extended to pull the drive link 332 and bar 336 in the direction away from the container 302 indicated by the numeral 484 in Figure 38(c).
  • movement of the drive link 332 in the direction 484 opens the container door 8 to discharge the bulk material.
  • the hook 416 returns to its position as shown in Figure 38(d) once the container 302 has been discharged and the vertical slide is lowered through contraction of the hydraulic cylinders 432. It must further be understood that the above process is repeated in reverse to close the container door 18 and lock the drive link 332 into its locked position before the container 302 is transported away from the discharge site.
  • the bar 414 again engages the catch 448 of the actuating mechanism 446.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 454 is contracted to cause the catch to move towards the container 302, thereby moving the drive link 332 back towards the container. This causes the door mechanism 322 to close the container door 18.
  • the door is again automatically iocked as the door mechanism includes rear Iocking means 500 to lock the drive link 332.
  • the rear Iocking means 500 of this embodiment is illustrated in Figure 39 and Figure 40. Different stages of the process of unlocking the rear locking means 500 by using the door actuating mechanism 338 of the trailer 16 are shown in Figure 39. Figure 40 in turn illustrates different stages of the process of unlocking the rear iocking means 500 by using the container tilting device 406 of the subs-system 400.
  • the rear iocking means 500 is located on the drive link 52 in a position which is in use at the rear of the container, i.e. at the sidewall 20.2.
  • the Iocking means 500 includes a Iocking formation 502 which is movable into and out of a recess 504. When located in the recess 50 for the Iocking formation 502 is held captive therein by a retaining formation or lip five or six. From figures 39 and 46 must be clear that the retaining formation 502 locks the drive link 332 and accordingly the door mechanism 322 in a position wherein the door 18 is closed.
  • the Iocking formation is therefore movable between a iock position wherein it is held captive in the recess 504 and a release position wherein it is released from the recess 504 so that the drive link 52 couid be moved.
  • the locking formation 502 is biased towards its Iocked position by means of a spring 508.
  • the spring act on a base of the iocking formation 52 so as to urge it into its Iocked position.
  • the Iocking means includes two compression members 410 and 412 which are movable independently from one another in order to compress the spring 508.
  • the compression member 410 carries an arm 414 projecting therefrom for engaging the hook 416 of the container tilting device 406.
  • the compression member 512 and it arm 514 are arranged such that engagement with the hook 416 of the container tilting device 406 causes the member 510 to pivot about a pin 516 to move the Iocking formation 502 from its locked position to its release position.
  • the compression member 512 on the other hand is connected to the engagement formation 324 by a connector in the form of a rod 518.
  • the compression member 514 and the corresponding rod 518 are in turn arranged such that movement of the engaging formation 324 in the direction 352 causes the member 512 to pivot about a pin 520 to move the locking formation 502 from its locked position to its release position.
  • the locking means 500 can be unlocked in order to allow the door mechanism 322 to open the container door 18 by either using the container tilting device 464 the door actuating mechanism 338.
  • the actuators 432 are contracted further to disengage the hook 416 from the bar 336 on the drive link 332.
  • the actuator 454 is extended to move the catch 448 away from the container 302, thereby allowing free movement between the container tilting device 406 and the container 302.
  • the container titling device 406 With the coupling mechanism 410 in their positions illustrated in Figure 38(a), the container titling device 406 is free to move to the second container mounted on the rail wagon 102 and the above method of discharging the bulk material is repeated.
  • more than one container tilting device 406 could be used in series on the same set of rails 116 so that multiple containers 302 can be discharge simultaneously.
  • the container tilting device 406 could even be fixed to one another so that they move in harmony in order to discharge the containers 302 simultaneously.
  • the both sub-systems 300 and 400 form part of the holistic bulk material handling system.
  • the same advantages of interchangeability and adaptability between different modes of transport are achieved using the system in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention.
  • the containers 302 can simply be dismounted from one type of carriage, for example the trailer 16, and mounted on another type of carriage, for example the rail wagon 102, while fully loaded with bulk material, it is envisaged that the containers could be moved by using lifting machines such as cranes, forklifts and reach stackers, for example.
  • the containers 302 could be lifted by connecting a reach stacker to connections 360 in the top corner regions of the container 302 or by inserting the tines or forks of a forklift into the space between the bottom of the container and trailer or wagon created by the corner castings 308.
  • the containers 302 can easily be discharged as they allow for two different methods of actuating the door mechanisms 322 as described above. When using either method of discharging the container there is no need to remove a loaded container from either the carriage on which it is carried.
  • the container tilting device 406 to include an arm extending laterally towards the train wagon and into the path of travel of the train wagon. As the train wagon approaches the position of the container tilting device 406 the leading end of the container 302 or train wagon 102 will make contact with the arm so as to drag the container tilting apparatus with the train wagon, thereby automatically positioning the container tilting device with respect to the container and causing the container tilting device to be moved at the same speed as the train wagon. It is envisaged that irrespective of the manner in which the container tilting device engages the train wagon or container it could include damping means to soften the impact when the tilting device engages the train wagon or container. There is also provided for the container tilting device to include its own propulsion and braking systems.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Methods And Devices For Loading And Unloading (AREA)
  • Warehouses Or Storage Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de manutention de conteneur qui permet à des conteneurs (12, 302) d'être librement déplacés depuis des remorques routières (16) jusqu'à des wagons de chemin de fer (102) et vice versa. Le système comprend un sous-système (10, 300) destiné à manipuler des conteneurs (12, 302) pour transporter les conteneurs (12, 302) par la route et un sous-système (100, 400) destiné à transporter les conteneurs (12, 302) par le rail. Le système comprend un conteneur à décharger par un côté (12, 302) qui comporte au moins une porte (18) à travers laquelle le matériau en vrac peut être déchargé. Le conteneur (12, 302) comprend un mécanisme de porte (40, 322) qui peut fonctionner entre une première position verrouillée dans laquelle la porte (18) du conteneur est verrouillée en position fermée, et une seconde position déverrouillée dans laquelle la porte (18) du conteneur est ouverte pour décharger le matériau en vrac. Le conteneur (302) comprend des connecteurs pivotants (310) agencés sur des structures de support (318) situées à l'intérieur du conteneur (302) qui viennent en prise avec des connecteurs pivotants de forme complémentaire (312) supportés sur un chariot, en règle générale une remorque (16) ou un wagon de chemin de fer (102). Le système comprend en outre un dispositif d'inclinaison de conteneur (406) et un mécanisme d'actionnement de porte (338) supporté par le chariot (16) pour venir en prise avec le mécanisme de porte (40, 322) et incliner le conteneur (12, 302) afin de décharger le matériau en vrac en utilisant soit le dispositif d'inclinaison de conteneur (406), soit le mécanisme d'actionnement de porte (338).
PCT/IB2014/063424 2013-07-25 2014-07-25 Système de déchargement de conteneur, conteneur et procédé permettant de décharger un tel conteneur Ceased WO2015011685A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AP2016009055A AP2016009055A0 (en) 2013-07-25 2014-07-25 Container discharge system, container and method of discharging such container

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA201305649 2013-07-25
ZA2013/05649 2013-07-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015011685A2 true WO2015011685A2 (fr) 2015-01-29
WO2015011685A3 WO2015011685A3 (fr) 2015-08-13

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WO (1) WO2015011685A2 (fr)

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CN106740367A (zh) * 2016-12-13 2017-05-31 中国重汽集团青岛重工有限公司 一种箱板随动侧卸式车辆
CN111267717A (zh) * 2020-04-20 2020-06-12 河南皇马车辆有限公司 一种集装箱安装结构及具有该结构的自卸车
WO2020227773A1 (fr) * 2019-05-15 2020-11-19 Lusty Tip Trailers Pty Ltd Système de benne latérale
CN114314040A (zh) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-12 济南华北升降平台制造有限公司 一种集装箱用重型筒状物装卸机械手系统
CN114537483A (zh) * 2022-03-04 2022-05-27 洛阳清源建筑工程有限公司 一种用于建筑墙体堆砌的砖块输送装置
CN115196359A (zh) * 2022-07-27 2022-10-18 郭均 一种物流货箱锁定装置及锁定方法
US20230405647A1 (en) * 2022-05-19 2023-12-21 The Modern Group, Ltd. Automated portable container cleaning
WO2025106676A1 (fr) * 2023-11-15 2025-05-22 Bonerb Timothy C Système de manutention, de chargement et de déchargement de matières en vrac
WO2025123753A1 (fr) * 2023-12-15 2025-06-19 中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司 Procédé de déchargement pour récipient de résine synthétique

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106740367A (zh) * 2016-12-13 2017-05-31 中国重汽集团青岛重工有限公司 一种箱板随动侧卸式车辆
WO2020227773A1 (fr) * 2019-05-15 2020-11-19 Lusty Tip Trailers Pty Ltd Système de benne latérale
AU2020276749B2 (en) * 2019-05-15 2026-02-19 Lusty Tip Trailers Pty Ltd Side tipper system
US12311820B2 (en) 2019-05-15 2025-05-27 Lusty Tip Trailers Pty Ltd Side tipper system
CN111267717A (zh) * 2020-04-20 2020-06-12 河南皇马车辆有限公司 一种集装箱安装结构及具有该结构的自卸车
CN114314040B (zh) * 2021-12-30 2024-03-26 济南华北升降平台制造有限公司 一种集装箱用重型筒状物装卸机械手系统
CN114314040A (zh) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-12 济南华北升降平台制造有限公司 一种集装箱用重型筒状物装卸机械手系统
CN114537483B (zh) * 2022-03-04 2023-11-24 洛阳清源建筑工程有限公司 一种用于建筑墙体堆砌的砖块输送装置
CN114537483A (zh) * 2022-03-04 2022-05-27 洛阳清源建筑工程有限公司 一种用于建筑墙体堆砌的砖块输送装置
US20230405647A1 (en) * 2022-05-19 2023-12-21 The Modern Group, Ltd. Automated portable container cleaning
US12128461B2 (en) * 2022-05-19 2024-10-29 The Modern Group, Ltd. Automated portable container cleaning
CN115196359A (zh) * 2022-07-27 2022-10-18 郭均 一种物流货箱锁定装置及锁定方法
WO2025106676A1 (fr) * 2023-11-15 2025-05-22 Bonerb Timothy C Système de manutention, de chargement et de déchargement de matières en vrac
WO2025123753A1 (fr) * 2023-12-15 2025-06-19 中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司 Procédé de déchargement pour récipient de résine synthétique

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WO2015011685A3 (fr) 2015-08-13

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