WO2015012648A1 - 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 양극 활물질 - Google Patents
다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 양극 활물질 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles, a method of manufacturing the same and a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery comprising the same.
- Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ) is mainly used as a cathode active material of such a lithium secondary battery.
- lithium manganese oxides such as LiMnO 2 having a layered crystal structure and LiMn 2 O 4 having a spinel crystal structure, and lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO) The use of 2 ) is also under consideration.
- lithium manganese oxide such as LiMn 2 O 4 has the advantage of excellent thermal safety and low price, but has a problem of small capacity, poor cycle characteristics, poor temperature characteristics.
- Li ions are located on the tetrahedron (8a), Mn ions (Mn 3+ / Mn 4+ ) are octahedral (16d), and O 2- ions are octahedral (16c) Located. These ions form a cubic closed-packing array.
- the tetrahedral site of 8a shares a face with the octahedral site of 16c, which has a vacancy around it, forming a three-dimensional channel, providing a passage for Li + ions to move easily.
- the biggest problem with LiMn 2 O 4 is that the capacity decreases as the cycle progresses. This is due to a structural change called Jahn-Teller distortion, namely the cubic to tetragonal phase transition due to the oxidation number change of Mn ions at the end of discharge (near 3V). Moreover, the cause of capacity
- capacitance reduction is a phenomenon which elutes into the electrolyte solution of manganese, etc. are mentioned.
- LiMn 2 O 4 is added in an amount of 1.01 to 1.1 times the amount of Li to prevent conversion of Li and Mn metal ions.
- many studies have been conducted such as the substitution of transition metals or divalent and trivalent cations at Mn sites.
- the first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the problems of Jahn-Teller distortion and dissolution of Mn 2+ polycrystalline lithium manganese which can improve the life characteristics and charge and discharge capacity characteristics of the secondary battery It is to provide oxide particles.
- the second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is not only can exhibit the secondary battery characteristics superior to the lithium manganese oxide prepared by the wet method using a dry method of low manufacturing cost, crystals are easily grown at low temperature, non-uniform during dry mixing It is to provide a method for producing the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles that can minimize the reaction.
- a third technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a cathode active material and a cathode including the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles.
- the fourth technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a lithium secondary battery including the positive electrode.
- the present invention provides a polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles represented by the following formula (1):
- M is any one selected from the group consisting of B, Co, V, La, Ti, Ni, Zr, Y, and Ga or two or more elements thereof, and 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ f ⁇ 0.2 and 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.2.
- the present invention comprising the steps of: (i) obtaining a precursor mixture comprising a polycrystalline manganese precursor, a lithium precursor and a sintering aid; And (ii) provides a method for producing a polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles represented by the formula (1) comprising the step of firing the precursor mixture obtained in step (i).
- the present invention provides a cathode active material comprising the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles.
- the present invention provides a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material.
- the present invention provides a lithium secondary battery including the positive electrode.
- the life characteristics and charge and discharge of the secondary battery Capacity characteristics can be improved.
- the manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention by using a dry method in which a small amount of a sintering aid is added and a low manufacturing cost, it is possible to easily grow crystals of polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles at low temperature, uneven during dry mixing By minimizing the reaction, a secondary battery having excellent battery characteristics can be provided.
- Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional SEM photograph of the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.
- Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional SEM picture of the lithium manganese oxide particles prepared in Comparative Example 1.
- Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional SEM picture of the lithium manganese oxide particles prepared in Comparative Example 4.
- Example 4 is an X-ray diffraction analysis of the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles prepared in Example 1 of the present invention.
- Polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles according to an embodiment of the present invention can be represented by the compound of formula 1:
- M is any one selected from the group consisting of B, Co, V, La, Ti, Ni, Zr, Y, and Ga or two or more elements thereof, and 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ f ⁇ 0.2 and 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.2.
- z when z is not 0 in Formula 1, it may exist due to oxygen deficiency.
- spinel-structured LiMn 2 O 4 is a structural feature with a lithium migration path, which allows for rapid diffusion of lithium ions and high capacity, but electrolyte instability at high voltage range, and Mn 3+ of the eye under severe discharge. Problems such as Jahn-Teller distortion and dissolution of manganese ions (Mn 2+ ) during discharge.
- LiMn 2 O 4 has a relatively large amount of Mn 3+ in comparison with Mn 4+ in the case of lacking lithium ions in the lattice or in severe discharge conditions. This results in the reversibility of the structure, eventually resulting from a cubic to tetragonal phase transition due to the oxidation-change of Mn ions due to the distortion of the structure and subsequent unstable increase in Mn 3+ . Leads to.
- the elution of manganese ions is transformed into Mn 2+ and Mn 4+ through the homogeneous exchange of Mn 3+ on the surface of the electrode, and the amount of the active material is decreased by dissolving Mn 2+ in an acidic electrolyte. Precipitates the metal into the metal and interferes with the movement of lithium ions, resulting in capacity fading, thereby shortening the life characteristics of the secondary battery.
- LiMn 2 O 4 An important factor for determining the spinel-based LiMn 2 O 4 as a cathode active material is the size, shape, structure and chemical composition of LiMn 2 O 4 particles.
- the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles represented by the formula (1) has a round curved edge because the edge (edge portion) of the lithium manganese oxide is dull than the edge of the general lithium manganese oxide as shown in FIG.
- polycrystal is 152 nm to 300 nm, preferably 155 nm to 250 nm, most preferably 150 nm to 210 nm It means a crystal composed of two or more crystal particles having an average crystal size of.
- the crystal particles forming the polycrystal may mean primary particles.
- the polycrystal may refer to a form of secondary particles in which the primary particles are aggregated, and may be polycrystals of spherical or pseudo-spherical shape.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the secondary particles in which the primary particles are aggregated is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter of the secondary particles is less than 5 ⁇ m, the stability of the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles may decrease, and when the average particle diameter exceeds 20 ⁇ m, the output characteristics of the secondary battery may decrease.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the particles can be defined as the particle size at 50% of the particle size distribution.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the particles according to an embodiment of the present invention can be measured using, for example, a laser diffraction method.
- the laser diffraction method can measure the particle diameter of several mm from the submicron region, and high reproducibility and high resolution can be obtained.
- a method for measuring the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles is, for example, after dispersing the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles in a solution, commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring apparatus (eg For example, after the ultrasonic wave of about 28 kHz is irradiated with an output of 60 W and introduced into the Microtrac MT 3000, the average particle diameter D 50 at the 50% reference of the particle size distribution in the measuring device can be calculated.
- the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles can be analyzed quantitatively by the average crystal size of the primary particles using X-ray diffraction analysis.
- the average crystal size of the primary particles can be quantitatively analyzed by placing the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles in a holder and analyzing a diffraction grating that is irradiated with X-rays to the particles.
- Polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles according to an embodiment of the present invention is a part of the manganese sites in the spinel-based lithium manganese oxide Al and M (wherein M is B, Co, V, La, Ti, Ni, Zr, Y and It is a form substituted with any one selected from the group consisting of Ga or two or more elements thereof.
- the range of f which is a content of M which may be substituted in a part of manganese sites, is 0 ⁇ f ⁇ 0.2, preferably 0.001 ⁇ f ⁇ 0.03, and a preferable element of M may be a B element.
- the element of M is an element B, even a small amount of a sintering aid may be used to facilitate crystal growth of the lithium manganese oxide particles.
- the surface layer of the particle contains B, for example, Li 2 B A 4 O 7 layer can be formed, which may also serve as a protective coating.
- the amount of the element of B in the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles may be an amount of 700 ppm to 3000 ppm, preferably 700 ppm to 1400 ppm.
- the amount of the B element is less than 700 ppm, it may be difficult to solve the problem of structural collapse and elution of Mn 2+ due to Yaan-Teller warping, which is the desired effect of the present invention, and when it exceeds 3000 ppm, polycrystalline lithium It is not preferable because the degree of aggregation and fusion of manganese oxide particles becomes strong and fine powder may occur during grinding.
- the (311), (400) and (440) plane may be a structure in which the (111) plane is grown. have.
- I (111) / I (111) peak intensity ratio is 100% in the X-ray diffraction analysis measurement
- I (311) / I (111) is 40% or more.
- I (400) / I (111) may be at least 40%, I (440) / I (111) may be at least 20%.
- the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles preferably have a Full Width at Half-Maximum (FWHM) of 0.31 or less in X-ray diffraction.
- FWHM Full Width at Half-Maximum
- the half width (FWHM) is a numerical value of a peak width at a position 1/2 of the peak intensity (311) obtained by X-ray diffraction of the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles.
- the unit of the half width (FWHM) can be expressed in degrees (°), which is a unit of 2 ⁇ , and the higher the crystallinity of the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles, the smaller the value of the half width.
- the BET specific surface area of the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles according to an embodiment of the present invention is preferably 0.5 m 2 / g or less. When the BET specific surface area exceeds 0.5 m 2 / g, output characteristics of the secondary battery may be degraded.
- the specific surface area of the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles may be measured by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method.
- BET Brunauer-Emmett-Teller
- it can be measured by BET 6-point method by nitrogen gas adsorption distribution method using a porosimetry analyzer (Bell Japan Inc, Belsorp-II mini).
- the present invention also provides a method for producing the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles.
- step (i) obtaining a precursor mixture comprising a polycrystalline manganese precursor, a lithium precursor and a sintering aid; And (ii) provides a method for producing a polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles represented by the formula (1) comprising the step of firing the precursor mixture obtained in step (i).
- polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles having better performance than those produced by the wet method can be easily manufactured by using a dry method having a low manufacturing cost, and in particular, by adding a sintering aid, Crystals can be easily grown and minimize heterogeneous reactions in dry mixing.
- the sintering aid that can be used according to an embodiment of the present invention is an additive for crystal growth, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a material capable of promoting crystal growth of polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles.
- the sintering aid has an effect of making the edges (edges) of the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles dull to form round curved particles.
- manganese elution may occur from the edges of the particles, and due to the manganese elution, characteristics of the secondary battery, particularly life characteristics at high temperatures may be reduced.
- the manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention by making the rounded edges of the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles, the elution portion of the manganese can be reduced, and as a result, the stability and life characteristics of the secondary battery Can be improved.
- the sintering aid that can be used according to one embodiment of the present invention may be any one selected from the group consisting of boron compounds, cobalt compounds, vanadium compounds, lanthanum compounds, zirconium compounds, yttrium compounds and gallium compounds or mixtures of two or more thereof. It is preferable to use a boron compound.
- the boron compound may be any one selected from the group consisting of boric acid, lithium tetraborate, boron oxide and ammonium borate or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the cobalt compound may be any one selected from the group consisting of cobalt oxide (II), cobalt oxide (III), cobalt oxide (IV), and tricobalt tetraoxide, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- vanadium compound the lanthanum compound, the yttrium compound or the gallium compound
- vanadium oxide, lanthanum oxide, yttrium oxide or gallium oxide compound may be used, respectively.
- the zirconium compound may be any one selected from the group consisting of zirconium boride, calcium zirconium silicate and zirconium oxide, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the sintering aid may be used in an amount of 0.2 to 2 parts by weight, preferably 0.4 to 1.4 parts by weight based on the total weight of the polycrystalline manganese precursor.
- amount of the sintering aid is less than 0.2 parts by weight, it may be difficult to solve the problem of structural collapse and elution of Mn 2+ due to Yaan-Teller warping, which is the desired effect of the present invention. It is not preferable because the degree of aggregation and fusion of lithium manganese oxide particles becomes strong and fine powder may occur during grinding.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the polycrystalline manganese precursor may have an important effect on the structural stability of the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles and the performance characteristics of the secondary battery.
- the polycrystalline manganese precursor usable in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention is a polycrystal in the form of secondary particles formed by agglomeration of two or more primary particles having an average crystal size of 100 nm to 300 nm, more preferably 100 nm to 200 nm ( polycrystal) form.
- polycrystalline may be the same as the definition in the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the secondary particles as the manganese precursor of the polycrystal is preferably 9 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m, preferably 9 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m. Since the polycrystalline manganese precursor having an average particle diameter in the above range has a large particle diameter, the tap density is large, and the BET specific surface area may be decreased, thereby decreasing the reactivity with the electrolyte, thereby improving life characteristics of the secondary battery.
- the manganese precursor according to an embodiment of the present invention may be present in a state in which a fine and low crystallinity of the aluminum compound is uniformly mixed with the manganese precursor, 0.01 wt% of Al in the manganese precursor To 10% by weight, preferably 0.05% to 5% by weight.
- the polycrystalline manganese precursor including Al may include (Mn (1-y) Al y ) 3 O 4 (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.2).
- the polycrystalline manganese precursor including Al is any one selected from the group consisting of MnCO 3 , Mn 3 O 4, MnSO 4 and Mn 2 O 3 or a mixture of two or more thereof together with the aluminum compound by coprecipitation.
- the polycrystalline manganese precursor including Al is any one selected from the group consisting of MnCO 3 , Mn 3 O 4, MnSO 4 and Mn 2 O 3 or a mixture of two or more thereof together with the aluminum compound by coprecipitation.
- two or more primary particles can be obtained in the form of aggregated secondary particles.
- distilled water and aqueous ammonia solution may be added to the coprecipitation reactor, and air may be supplied into the reactor and stirred.
- manganese aluminum containing any one selected from the group consisting of MnCO 3 , Mn 3 O 4, MnSO 4 and Mn 2 O 3, and a mixture of two or more thereof and an aluminum compound (eg, AlSO 4 ) in an appropriate molar ratio.
- Polycrystalline manganese compound (Mn (1-y)) containing Al, an aqueous ammonia solution as a complexing agent, and an aqueous alkali solution as a pH adjusting agent are continuously added to the reactor, followed by mixing, and then N 2 is introduced into the reactor .
- Al y ) 3 O 4 (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.2) may be prepared.
- the aluminum compound may preferably include any one selected from the group consisting of AlSO 4 , AlCl and AlNO 3 or a mixture of two or more thereof, but is not limited thereto.
- the firing may be performed at a temperature of 700 °C to 1000 °C, for example, for about 2 hours to 12 hours.
- the lithium precursor may be any one selected from the group consisting of lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), lithium phosphate (Li 3 PO 4), and lithium nitrate (LiNO 3 ). It may be a mixture of species or more.
- the present invention provides a cathode active material comprising the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles.
- the present invention provides a cathode including the cathode active material.
- the positive electrode can be prepared by conventional methods known in the art.
- a positive electrode may be prepared by mixing and stirring a solvent, a binder, a conductive agent, and a dispersant in a positive electrode active material, if necessary, and then applying the coating (coating) to a current collector of a metal material, compressing it, and drying the same. have.
- the current collector of the metal material is a metal having high conductivity, and any metal can be used as long as the slurry of the positive electrode active material is a metal that can be easily adhered.
- Non-limiting examples of the positive electrode current collector include a foil made of aluminum, nickel, or a combination thereof.
- the solvent for forming the positive electrode includes an organic solvent such as NMP (N-methyl pyrrolidone), DMF (dimethyl formamide), acetone, dimethyl acetamide or water, and these solvents alone or in combination of two or more. Can be mixed and used. The amount of the solvent used is sufficient to dissolve and disperse the positive electrode active material, the binder, and the conductive agent in consideration of the coating thickness of the slurry and the production yield.
- NMP N-methyl pyrrolidone
- DMF dimethyl formamide
- acetone dimethyl acetamide or water
- the binder may be polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, Polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylic acid, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM), Sulfonated EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), fluorine rubber, poly acrylic acid and polymers in which hydrogen thereof is replaced with Li, Na or Ca, or the like, or Various kinds of binder polymers such as various copolymers can be used.
- PVDF-co-HFP polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- PVDF-co-HFP polyvin
- the conductive agent is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery.
- Examples of the conductive agent include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; Carbon blacks such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, farnes black, lamp black and thermal black; Conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers; Conductive tubes such as carbon nanotubes; Metal powders such as fluorocarbon, aluminum and nickel powders; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives and the like can be used.
- the dispersant may be an aqueous dispersant or an organic dispersant such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- the present invention provides a secondary battery including a separator interposed between the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- a carbon material lithium metal, silicon, tin, or the like, in which lithium ions may be occluded and released, may be used.
- a carbon material may be used, and as the carbon material, both low crystalline carbon and high crystalline carbon may be used.
- Soft crystalline carbon and hard carbon are typical low crystalline carbon, and high crystalline carbon is natural graphite, Kish graphite, pyrolytic carbon, liquid crystal pitch carbon fiber.
- High temperature calcined carbon such as (mesophase pitch based carbon fiber), meso-carbon microbeads, Mesophase pitches and petroleum or coal tar pitch derived cokes.
- the negative electrode current collector is generally made to a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
- a negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery.
- the surface of copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, copper or stainless steel Surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, and the like, aluminum-cadmium alloy, and the like can be used.
- fine concavities and convexities may be formed on the surface to enhance the bonding strength of the negative electrode active material, and may be used in various forms such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, and a nonwoven fabric.
- the binder and the conductive agent used in the negative electrode can be used as can be commonly used in the art as the positive electrode.
- the negative electrode may prepare a negative electrode by mixing and stirring the negative electrode active material and the additives to prepare a negative electrode active material slurry, and then applying the same to a current collector and compressing the negative electrode.
- porous polymer films conventionally used as separators for example, polyolefins such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene / butene copolymer, ethylene / hexene copolymer and ethylene / methacrylate copolymer, etc.
- the porous polymer film made of the polymer may be used alone or by laminating them, or a conventional porous nonwoven fabric, for example, a non-woven fabric made of high melting point glass fiber, polyethylene terephthalate fiber, or the like may be used. It is not.
- the lithium salt which can be included as an electrolyte used in the present invention can be used without limitation, those which are commonly used in a lithium secondary battery electrolyte, such as the lithium salt, the anion is F -, Cl -, Br -, I -, NO 3 -, N (CN) 2 -, BF 4 -, ClO 4 -, PF 6 -, (CF 3) 2 PF 4 -, (CF 3) 3 PF 3 -, (CF 3) 4 PF 2 -, (CF 3) 5 PF -, (CF 3) 6 P -, CF 3 SO 3 -, CF 3 CF 2 SO 3 -, (CF 3 SO 2) 2 N -, (FSO 2) 2 N -, CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3) 2 CO -, (CF 3 SO 2) 2 CH -, (SF 5) 3 C -, (CF 3 SO 2) 3 C -, CF 3 (CF 2) 7 SO 3 -, CF 3 CO 2 - may be any one
- Examples of the electrolyte used in the present invention include an organic liquid electrolyte, an inorganic liquid electrolyte, a solid polymer electrolyte, a gel polymer electrolyte, a solid inorganic electrolyte, a molten inorganic electrolyte, and the like, which can be used in manufacturing a lithium secondary battery. no.
- the external shape of the lithium secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be cylindrical, square, pouch type, or coin type using a can.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention may not only be used in a battery cell used as a power source for a small device, but also preferably used as a unit battery in a medium-large battery module including a plurality of battery cells.
- Preferred examples of the medium-to-large device include, but are not limited to, electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and electric power storage systems.
- the Li (1.09) Mn 1.80 Al 0.1 B 0.01 O 4 is a secondary particle composed of two or more crystal particles (date particles) having a crystal size of 180 nm, and the average particle diameter of the secondary particles was 10 ⁇ m.
- Li (1.09) with a mean particle diameter of the 10 ⁇ m Mn 1.80 Al 0.1 B 0.01 O 4 has a two or more primary particles aggregated by being prepared by the coprecipitation method was co-precipitated manganese precursor of MnSO 4 with AlSO 4 It may be in the form of secondary particles, containing about 2.1% by weight of Al.
- MnSO 4 and AlSO 4 were mixed with (98: 2), and MnSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O including AlSO 4 having a concentration of 2M was prepared using distilled water after N 2 purging.
- the prepared MnSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O was introduced into a continuous stirring tank reactor (CSTR, manufacturer: EMS Tech, product name: CSTR-L0) at a rate of 250 mL / h.
- CSTR continuous stirring tank reactor
- the alkalizing agent 8 mol of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added at a rate of 150 to 200 mL / h through the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution supply portion of the reactor, and 25% ammonia solution was introduced at a rate of 50 mL / h through the ammonia solution supply portion of the reactor,
- the meter and control unit were used to maintain a pH of 10.5.
- the temperature of the reactor was 50 °C, the residence time (RT) was adjusted to 10 hours, stirred at a speed of 1200rpm precipitated with Mn 3 O 4 containing Al.
- reaction solution was filtered through a filter, purified with distilled water, and then dried to prepare an (Mn 0.95 Al 0.05 ) 3 O 4 including Al.
- Li (1.09) Mn 1.80 Al 0.1 B 0.01 O 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 1.24 g (0.02 mol) was used instead of 0.62 g (0.01 mol).
- Li (1.09) Mn 1.81 Al 0.1 O 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that boric acid was not added as the sintering aid.
- Li (1.09) Mn 1.9 B 0.01 O 4 was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that single crystal Mn 3 O 4 was used instead of polycrystalline (Mn 0.95 Al 0.05 ) 3 O 4 as the manganese precursor. Got.
- the Li (1.09) Mn 1.9 B 0.01 O 4 had a particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m in the form of primary particles.
- the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles prepared in Example 1 were used as the positive electrode active material.
- a positive electrode mixture slurry was prepared.
- the positive electrode mixture slurry was applied to a thin film of aluminum (Al), which is a positive electrode current collector having a thickness of about 20 ⁇ m, dried to prepare a positive electrode, and then subjected to roll press to prepare a positive electrode.
- Al aluminum
- a negative electrode active material slurry 96.3% by weight of carbon powder as a negative electrode active material, 1.0% by weight of super-p as a conductive material, and 1.5% by weight and 1.2% by weight of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as a binder were added to NMP as a solvent.
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- LiPF 6 was added to a nonaqueous electrolyte solvent prepared by mixing ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate in a volume ratio of 30:70 as an electrolyte to prepare a 1 M LiPF 6 nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode thus prepared were interposed with a mixed separator of polyethylene and polypropylene, followed by fabrication of a polymer battery in a conventional manner, followed by pouring the prepared non-aqueous electrolyte to complete the production of a lithium secondary battery.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles prepared in Example 2 were used as positive electrode active materials, respectively.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3, except that lithium manganese oxide particles prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were used as positive electrode active materials, respectively.
- the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles in the form of a round curved shape of the particles, the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles in the form of a round curved shape of the particles could get
- lithium manganese oxide particles of Comparative Example 1 in which the sintering aid is not added as shown in FIG. 2, it may be confirmed that the particles have sharp edges (edges) compared to those of FIG. 1.
- the lithium manganese oxide particles of Comparative Example 4 using a single crystal Mn 3 O 4 has a rounded edge (edge) due to the use of a sintering aid, as shown in Figure 3, it can be seen that the shape and size of the particles are non-uniform. .
- the primary particles are in the form of primary particles rather than aggregated to form secondary particles.
- I (111) / I (111) peak intensity ratio 100%
- I (311) / I (111) is 47% or more
- I (400) / I (111) was 46% or more
- I (440) / I (111) was 29% or more.
- the lithium secondary batteries prepared in Examples 3 and 4 and Comparative Examples 5 to 7 were charged with a constant current (CC) of 2C under constant current / constant voltage (CC / CV) conditions, and then constant voltage (CV). ), And the first charge was performed until the charge current became 0.17 mAh. Thereafter, the sample was left for 20 minutes, and then discharged to a constant current of 0.1 C until 10 mV, and the discharge capacity of the first cycle was measured. Subsequently, the charge and discharge were repeated for each battery to measure the capacity, which is shown in Table 2 below.
- the addition of the sintering aid may affect the structural stability and performance characteristics of the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles, and in particular, the initial capacity may be improved by increasing the crystal size of the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles. can do.
- the addition of the sintering aid promotes the crystal growth of the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles and also rounds the edges of the particles without angular portions, thereby reducing the elution portion of the manganese, thereby improving the life characteristics and capacity characteristics.
- the sintering aid promotes the crystal growth of the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles and also rounds the edges of the particles without angular portions, thereby reducing the elution portion of the manganese, thereby improving the life characteristics and capacity characteristics.
- the secondary batteries of Examples 3 and 4 using the manganese precursor having an average particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m were significantly superior to the comparative example 7 using the manganese precursor having an average particle diameter of 5 ⁇ m. can confirm.
- the specific surface area of the manganese precursor is large, the specific surface area decreases, and thus the reactivity with the electrolyte decreases. Accordingly, it can be predicted that the life characteristics and initial capacity characteristics according to the C-rate of the battery may be improved.
- the crystal size of the particles was measured by XRD crystal analysis.
- the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles of Examples 1 and 2, and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, each about 5g in the holder can be obtained by analyzing the diffraction grating emitted by irradiating the X-ray particles.
- the method can be obtained from the main peak or the half width of three or more peaks, which corresponds to the average crystal size of the primary particles of the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles.
- the average crystal size of the primary particles of the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide according to the results are shown in Table 3 below.
- the average crystal size of the primary particles of the polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles to which boric acid was added as a sintering aid was a size of 180 nm to 200 nm.
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Abstract
Description
| (111)/(111) | (311)/(111) | (400)/(111) | (440)/(111) | |
| 실시예 1 | 100.0 | 48.2 | 46.4 | 29.3 |
| 실시예 2 | 100.0 | 49.9 | 48.2 | 29.7 |
| 비교예 1 | 100.0 | 34.4 | 14.7 | 15.0 |
| 비교예 2 | 100.0 | 32.1 | 14.0 | 14.5 |
| 비교예 3 | 100.0 | 31.1 | 15.0 | 17.3 |
| 구분 | 실시예 3 | 실시예 4 | 비교예 5 | 비교예 6 | 비교예 7 |
| 충전 용량[mAh/g] | 108.78 | 108.42 | 105.72 | 85.4 | 107.73 |
| 방전 용량[mAh/g] | 106.56 | 106.71 | 103.30 | 84.4 | 105.77 |
| 1st 효율[%] | 97.96 | 98.42 | 97.71 | 98.8 | 98.18 |
| C-rate[2.0C/0.1C] | 99.11 | 98.91 | 98.06 | 99.4 | 98.86 |
| 구분 | 실시예 1 | 실시예 2 | 비교예 1 | 비교예 2 | 비교예 3 |
| 결정크기(nm) | 180 | 200 | 120 | 115 | 130 |
Claims (28)
- 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자:<화학식 1>Li(1+x)Mn(2-x-y-f)AlyM(f)O(4-z)상기 식에서, M은 B, Co, V, La, Ti, Ni, Zr, Y 및 Ga로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 원소이고, 0≤x≤0.2, 0<y≤0.2, 0<f≤0.2 및 0≤z≤0.2 이다.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 화학식 1에 있어서, f의 범위는 0.001≤f≤0.03인 것을 특징으로 하는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 화학식 1에 있어서, M은 B 원소인 것을 특징으로 하는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자는 152 nm 내지 300 nm 범위의 평균 결정 크기를 갖는 둘 이상의 일차 입자가 응집된 이차 입자의 형태인 것을 특징으로 하는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자.
- 제 4 항에 있어서,상기 이차 입자의 평균 입경(D50)은 5 ㎛ 내지 20 ㎛ 범위인 것을 특징으로 하는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자 중 B의 원소의 양은 700 ppm 내지 3000 ppm인 것을 특징으로 하는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 리튬 망간 산화물 입자는 X-선 회절 분석(X-ray diffraction) 측정시 I(111)/I(111) 피크 강도비를 100%로 정의할 경우, I(311)/I(111)이 40% 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 리튬 망간 산화물 입자는 X-선 회절 분석(X-ray diffraction) 측정시 I(111)/I(111) 피크 강도비를 100%로 정의할 경우, I(400)/I(111)이 40% 이상이고, I(440)/I(111)이 20% 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 리튬 망간 산화물 입자는 X-선 회절 분석(X-ray diffraction) 측정시 (311) 피크의 반가폭 (Full Width at Half-Maximum; FWHM)이 0.3도 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자.
- 제 1 항에 있어서.상기 리튬 망간 산화물 입자의 비표면적(BET)은 0.5 ㎡/g 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자.
- (i) 다결정 망간 전구체, 리튬 전구체 및 소결 보조제를 포함하는 전구체 혼합물을 얻는 단계; 및(ii) 상기 단계 (i)에서 얻은 전구체 혼합물을 소성하는 단계를 포함하는 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자의 제조방법:<화학식 1>Li(1+x)Mn(2-x-y-f)AlyM(f)O(4-z)상기 식에서, M은 B, Co, V, La, Ti, Ni, Zr, Y 및 Ga로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 원소이고, 0≤x≤0.2, 0<y≤0.2, 0<f≤0.2 및 0≤z≤0.2이다.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,상기 다결정 망간 전구체는 100 nm 내지 300 nm 범위의 평균 결정 크기를 갖는 둘 이상의 일차 입자가 응집되어 형성된 이차 입자의 형태인 것을 특징으로 하는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자의 제조방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,상기 이차 입자의 평균 입경(D50)은 9 ㎛ 내지 25 ㎛인 것을 특징으로 하는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자의 제조방법.
- 제 13 항에 있어서,상기 이차 입자의 평균 입경(D50)은 9 ㎛ 내지 15 ㎛ 인 것을 특징으로 하는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자의 제조방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,상기 다결정 망간 전구체는 MnCO3, Mn3O4 및 Mn2O3로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자의 제조방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,상기 다결정 망간 전구체는 Al을 0.01 중량% 내지 10 중량%로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자의 제조방법.
- 제 16 항에 있어서,상기 다결정 망간 전구체는 (Mn(1-y)Aly)3O4 (0<y≤0.2)을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자의 제조방법.
- 제 16 항에 있어서,상기 다결정 망간 전구체는 MnCO3, Mn3O4, MnSO4및 Mn2O3로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물을 알루미늄 화합물과 함께 공침시켜 형성된 것임을 특징으로 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자의 제조방법.
- 제 18 항에 있어서,상기 알루미늄 화합물은 AlSO4, AlCl 및 AlNO3로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자의 제조방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,상기 소결 보조제는 붕소 화합물, 코발트 화합물, 바나듐 화합물, 란타늄 화합물, 지르코늄 화합물, 이트륨 화합물 및 갈륨 화합물로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자의 제조방법.
- 제 20 항에 있어서,상기 소결 보조제는 붕소 화합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자의 제조방법.
- 제 21 항에 있어서,상기 붕소 화합물은 붕산, 사붕산리튬, 산화붕소 및 붕산암모늄으로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자의 제조방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,상기 소결 보조제는 다결정 망간 전구체의 총 중량 대비 0.2 중량부 내지 2 중량부의 양으로 사용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자의 제조방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,상기 소성은 700 ℃ 내지 1000 ℃의 온도에서 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자의 제조방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,상기 리튬 전구체는 염화리튬(LiCl), 탄산리튬(Li2CO3), 수산화리튬(LiOH), 인산리튬(Li3PO4) 및 질산리튬(LiNO3)으로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항의 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자를 포함하는 양극 활물질.
- 제 26 항의 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극.
- 제 27 항의 양극을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
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| JP2015553669A JP6066534B2 (ja) | 2013-07-26 | 2014-07-25 | 多結晶リチウムマンガン酸化物粒子、その製造方法及びこれを含む正極活物質 |
| US14/654,966 US10236499B2 (en) | 2013-07-26 | 2014-07-25 | Polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles, preparation method thereof, and cathode active material including the same |
| CN201480004175.8A CN104903238B (zh) | 2013-07-26 | 2014-07-25 | 多晶型锂锰氧化物粒子、其制备方法以及包含其的正极活性材料 |
| EP14829443.2A EP2918545B1 (en) | 2013-07-26 | 2014-07-25 | Polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles, method for preparing same, and anode active material containing polycrystalline lithium manganese oxide particles |
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| PCT/KR2014/006839 Ceased WO2015012648A1 (ko) | 2013-07-26 | 2014-07-25 | 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 양극 활물질 |
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| PCT/KR2014/006841 Ceased WO2015012649A1 (ko) | 2013-07-26 | 2014-07-25 | 다결정 리튬 망간 산화물 입자, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 양극 활물질 |
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