WO2015089618A1 - Amortisseur souple recevant des charges d'impact et appareil absorbant l'énergie d'impacts lors de son utilisation - Google Patents

Amortisseur souple recevant des charges d'impact et appareil absorbant l'énergie d'impacts lors de son utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015089618A1
WO2015089618A1 PCT/BY2014/000009 BY2014000009W WO2015089618A1 WO 2015089618 A1 WO2015089618 A1 WO 2015089618A1 BY 2014000009 W BY2014000009 W BY 2014000009W WO 2015089618 A1 WO2015089618 A1 WO 2015089618A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
damper
elastic
dampers
impact energy
package
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/BY2014/000009
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Олег Николаевич ГОЛОВАЧ
Сергей Павлович КАРПОВ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2015089618A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015089618A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
    • B61G11/00—Buffers
    • B61G11/08—Buffers with rubber springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/373—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by having a particular shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/40—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers consisting of a stack of similar elements separated by non-elastic intermediate layers
    • F16F1/406—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers consisting of a stack of similar elements separated by non-elastic intermediate layers characterised by the shape of the elastic elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/42—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by the mode of stressing
    • F16F1/44—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by the mode of stressing loaded mainly in compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/0052—Physically guiding or influencing

Definitions

  • Elastic damper perceiving shock loads and apparatus, absorbing impact energy with its use
  • the invention relates to products that perceive shock loads: dampers, absorbing devices, vibration dampers.
  • Known elastic damper, perceiving shock loads [1], which is made of polymers or elastomers and its external shape is barrel-shaped.
  • Such a damper has an axial hole and an internal cavity in which a v-shaped radial-ring sample is made, the tapering edge of which is not rounded.
  • the V-shaped radial-ring sample is formed by cutting after the formation of the axial hole and the external shape of the sleeve.
  • a V-shaped radial-ring sample of the internal cavity of a given elastic damper can be extended. This occurs as a result of the application of several cyclic pressures to its ends.
  • Such a damper can also be equipped with at least an additional ⁇ -shaped radial-ring sample.
  • the elastic damper by analogy [1] has a relatively large height in its free state, and when it is excessively compressed, it increases significantly in diameter, which can cause an increase in the dimensions of devices in which such dampers are installed in the form of a package.
  • the elastic damper [2] perceiving shock loads, which is taken as the first prototype of the invention. It is made of an elastic material with an axial hole and an internal cavity, or with an axial hole without an internal cavity. Moreover, at least one V-shaped radial groove is located on the outer surface of such a damper.
  • the prototype elastic damper [2] being a part of the package of other such dampers, between the two rigid supports separating them, will have insufficient travel during its compression due to the arising restriction of the increased stiffness zone around the tip of the V-shaped external radial groove.
  • the damper When the damper is deformed in the apparatus, its V-shaped shelves of the outer radial grooves will be closed, and with further continuation of the deformation of already closed these shelves, significant stresses will arise inside the damper material in the region of the tip of the said outer groove. This can, with significant recurrence cycles, cause microcracks and rupture of the material damper. And this will lead to the gradual destruction of the damper in the direction transverse to its axis, and as a result, to the failure of the apparatus in which such a damper is installed.
  • dampers [1] and [2] described above can be used to form a package of elastic dampers, which is pre-inserted into an apparatus that absorbs impact energy, which is installed, for example, in an automatic coupler (Fig. 13) of a railway carriage of a railway damping system.
  • an apparatus that absorbs impact energy [3] adopted for the second prototype of the invention. It contains a housing in which there is a pressure unit located in contact with a preloaded package of elastic dampers, which are made of a modified material in the form of bushings with a continuous solid spherical surface.
  • the prototype apparatus which absorbs impact energy [3] due to the fact that the elastic damper design of the modified material in the form of bushings with a continuous continuous spherical surface is used in its tightened pack of elastic dampers, has a working stroke insufficient for its effective application. This is due to the slight deformation of each elastic damper due to the significant resistance of the modified material in the zone of its lateral continuous spherical surface.
  • the objective of the invention is to achieve technical results:
  • the elastic damper which receives shock loads, is made of elastic material, and at least one groove with its shelves inclined to each other is located along the perimeter of the outer surface of the damper, it has a distinctive feature: the place of closest approach said shelves is continued by the formation of an additional groove in the body of the elastic damper.
  • the elastic damper will have an increased stroke, being part of a package of other such dampers, between the two rigid supports of the absorbing apparatus separating them.
  • the elastic damper according to the invention With a significant cyclic repetition of loads, in the above-mentioned zone of the elastic damper according to the invention, microcracks and rupture of its material will not occur. This will increase the durability of both the damper itself and the apparatus in which such a damper is installed.
  • the apparatus that absorbs impact energy comprising a housing in which the pressure unit is located, located in contact with the preloaded package of elastic dampers, has distinctive features, at least one elastic damper in the preloaded package of elastic is made according to any of the options described above.
  • the apparatus that absorbs impact energy, in which at least one such elastic damper will be installed will also have an increased stroke and, as a result, will have improved absorbing ability in case of impacts arising between products in which it is installed, for example, in the hitch of railway cars.
  • FIG. 1 to 8 illustrate possible embodiments of a damper
  • FIG. 9 - 1 1 arrangement of elastic dampers of various designs in their initial state between the rigid supports
  • in FIG. 12-14 are the same as in FIG. 9 - 11, but with deformation of dampers
  • in FIG. 15, 17, 19 are examples of shock absorbing apparatuses employing the elastic dampers of FIG. 6 to 8
  • in FIG. 16, 18, 20 - the same as in FIG. 15, 17, 19, but when exposed to shock devices
  • FIG. 21 shows a layout diagram of an automatic coupler device in which a shock absorbing apparatus is mounted.
  • the shock absorber absorbing shock loads is obtained from a blank (not shown) of a modified elastic material.
  • special material can be used, characterized by the necessary combination of indicators compliance (relative deformation reaches 0.5) and dissipative properties, with high adaptability and the possibility of recycling elements that have exhausted their resources.
  • An important property of such a material is a high coefficient of friction at 105 contact with the metal, so there is no need to provide a rigid connection of the polymer element with the metal lining; In addition, low sensitivity of this material to concentrators is of great importance.
  • Such a workpiece is subjected to molding and / or machining by cutting, in order to achieve the required overall dimensions and obtain the necessary software for structural elements of various options (Figs. 1-8) of the design of an elastic damper that perceives shock loads.
  • a finished product - an elastic damper 1 in various versions of its execution (Fig. 1 - 8). It can be, for example, from a continuous modified material (figure 1), or with the obtained molding internal
  • the outer surface of the elastic damper 1 has bevels 4, and along its perimeter there is a groove 5 (Figs. 1-8) with its shelves 6 curved to one another (Fig. 1 -
  • Line 9 of the contacting surfaces of the damper body can be continued either by cavity 10 of regular (as shown toroidal in Fig. 2-4) or irregular (not shown) shape, or by rays 1 1 diverging from this line 9 (Figs. 5-7).
  • the elastic damper 1 with an internal cavity and a Central hole 3 (Fig. 5, 7, 8), 135 is intended mainly for use in devices where it is provided the use of centering rods, for example, if centering is provided over a housing in which such a damper or damper package is installed.
  • FIG. 9 - 1 1 shows examples of installation of elastic dampers 1 with an internal cavity and a central hole 3 in the assembly, and with various designs
  • the elastic dampers 1 are installed with the possibility of their deformation by the applied load F (Fig. 12-14) and the formation of this inside
  • FIG shows a sectional view of one of these devices 14.
  • Fig shows a sectional view of one of these devices 14.
  • housing 15 With
  • a friction-type pressure unit 16 is applied with a rectangular neck, consisting of a pressure plate 18 directly resting on a pack of 17 pre-loaded elastic elements 1, the lower of which, of a large diameter, is made according to FIG. 8, and the rest according to FIG. 6.
  • the structure of the pressure unit 16 also includes friction wedges 19, pressure cone 20, perceiving shock load F (Fig. 16), movable plates 21 and
  • Package 17 is made of elastic dampers 1 arranged as shown in FIG. 6, interspersed with metal plates 24, sliding with their outer peripheral surface along the special structural elements of the housing 1, for example, along the longitudinal protrusions 25, the centering plates 24 and, accordingly, the package 17 in 170 overall.
  • Fig. 18 shows the apparatus 14 with a friction unit, implemented in the housing 15 with 190 hexagonal neck.
  • the package 17 therein is made of elastic dampers 1, the structure of FIG. 7, interspersed with metal plates 24, sliding their inner surface along a rod 26, centering the metal plates 24 and, accordingly, the package 17 as a whole.
  • elastic dampers 1 with a central hole 3 (FIG. 7) are used and other types of elastic dampers of FIG. 5 or 8.
  • a pressure unit 16 is also of a friction type, which consists of a pressure plate 18 that directly rests on a package 17 of elastic dampers 1, friction wedges 19, a pressure cone 20 that receives 200 impact load F (Fig. 18).
  • the main working area of the pressure unit 16 is the interface of the friction wedges 19 directly with the internal cavity of the neck of the housing 15.
  • Fig. 20 shows the apparatus 14, where the pressure unit 16 is not frictional.
  • a pressure unit 16 in the general case is a stepped sleeve 27, 205 directly resting on a package 17 of elastic dampers 1 located in the housing 15. In this case, all the impact energy F (Fig. 20) falls only on the package 17.
  • a coupling device 210 is provided with a wedge 30 acting on the thrust plate 31, to which the apparatus 14 is pressed in the clamp 32.
  • the wedge 30 is fastened to the clamp 32 using the axis 33.
  • Apparatus 14 absorbing impact energy and elastic damper 1 in its composition are as follows.
  • the elastic dampers 1 will have a less rigid characteristic and higher elasticity and elasticity in comparison with the analogue [1] and prototype [2]. Stiffness values the elasticity and elasticity of the elastic dampers 1 can be pre-set when designing them with structural parameters: the diameter of the hole 3 (Fig. 5, 7, 8) 240 or even the absence of this hole (Fig 1); diameters, the configuration of the internal cavities 2 and the outer radial grooves 5, and the length of their extension line 9, as well as the nature of the location in the damper package.
  • the elastic damper After removing the shock load F, the elastic damper returns to its original state (Fig. 9 -1 1). After several cyclic repetitions of the load, the groove 5 245 gradually changes to a certain limit and subsequently stably maintains its shape, as a result of which, after the subsequent removal of the load, the elastic damper 1 restores its shape due to its elastic properties, always returning to its original state.
  • the elastic damper 1 according to the invention has the shapes and the required properties
  • An important quality of such elastic dampers 1 is their ability to maintain stability of characteristics even when the material is abraded around the periphery, for example, if the internal dimensions of the cavity of the apparatus 14 in which the elastic dampers 1 are located are slightly smaller than their diameter.
  • elastic damper 1 will improve the efficiency of absorption of impact energy in products where this damper can be used, in particular in devices 14 (Fig. 15, 17, 19) installed in the coupler 28 (Fig. 21) of the railway carriage 29 of the railway damping system composition.
  • the efficiency of the apparatus and the coupler 28 can also be improved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des articles subissant des charges à impact: amortisseurs, appareils d'absorption et compensateurs d'oscillations. Le but visé par l'invention est d'obtenir les résultats techniques suivants : - pour un amortisseur souple, une augmentation de sa course pendant la compression, et une prolongation de sa durée de vie; - pour l'appareil absorbant l'énergie de choc, une augmentation de la course de travail. L'objectif visé est atteint pour le premier dispositif en ce que l'amortisseur souple recevant des charges d'impact est réalisé à partir d'un matériau élastique; on a disposé sur le périmètre de la surface externe de cet amortisseur au moins une rainure avec des logements inclinés les uns vers les autres, qui se distingue en ce qui suit: l'endroit du plus grand rapprochement des logements susmentionnés dans le corps de l'amortisseur d'une rainure supplémentaire. Le but fixé pour le deuxième dispositif est atteint en ce que l'appareil absorbant l'énergie d'impacts comprenant un corps dans lequel est disposée l'unité à pression avec un ensemble d'amortisseurs souples sous pression présente des signes distinctifs, en ce qu'au moins un amortisseur souple dans un ensemble sous pression est réalisé dans une des variantes décrites plus haut.
PCT/BY2014/000009 2013-12-16 2014-11-10 Amortisseur souple recevant des charges d'impact et appareil absorbant l'énergie d'impacts lors de son utilisation Ceased WO2015089618A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BY20131523 2013-12-16
BYA20131523 2013-12-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015089618A1 true WO2015089618A1 (fr) 2015-06-25

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PCT/BY2014/000009 Ceased WO2015089618A1 (fr) 2013-12-16 2014-11-10 Amortisseur souple recevant des charges d'impact et appareil absorbant l'énergie d'impacts lors de son utilisation

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117022366A (zh) * 2023-09-01 2023-11-10 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 一种防撞击缓冲器

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3402924A (en) * 1965-05-03 1968-09-24 Aeon Products London Ltd Springs
EP0892192A2 (fr) * 1997-07-19 1999-01-20 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Support pendulaire pour un agrégat dans un véhicule automobile et support élastique pour un agrégat
RU2473440C2 (ru) * 2010-09-02 2013-01-27 ОБЩЕСТВО С ОГРАНИЧЕННОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬЮ "Головное специализированное конструкторское бюро вагоностроения имени Валерия Михайловича Бубнова" Поглощающий аппарат

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3402924A (en) * 1965-05-03 1968-09-24 Aeon Products London Ltd Springs
EP0892192A2 (fr) * 1997-07-19 1999-01-20 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Support pendulaire pour un agrégat dans un véhicule automobile et support élastique pour un agrégat
RU2473440C2 (ru) * 2010-09-02 2013-01-27 ОБЩЕСТВО С ОГРАНИЧЕННОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬЮ "Головное специализированное конструкторское бюро вагоностроения имени Валерия Михайловича Бубнова" Поглощающий аппарат

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117022366A (zh) * 2023-09-01 2023-11-10 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 一种防撞击缓冲器

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