WO2015118631A1 - 車載充電器、車載充電器におけるサージ抑制方法 - Google Patents
車載充電器、車載充電器におけるサージ抑制方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
- B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
- H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33538—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type
- H02M3/33546—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type with automatic control of the output voltage or current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
- H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
- H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/337—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration
- H02M3/3376—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
- H02M7/53878—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current by time shifting switching signals of one diagonal pair of the bridge with respect to the other diagonal pair
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
- B60L2240/525—Temperature of converter or components thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
- H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
- H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/3353—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an in-vehicle charger for charging a battery for supplying electric power to an electric motor for an electric vehicle such as EV (electric vehicle) / PHEV (plug-in hybrid electric vehicle).
- EV electric vehicle
- PHEV plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
- any type of electric vehicle has a battery as an electricity storage device for supplying electric power to the electric motor, and when the remaining capacity of the battery is reduced, it is necessary to charge the battery from the outside. Further, in a hybrid vehicle having an electric motor and an engine as drive sources, the battery is normally charged by driving the engine. However, the battery may be charged by supplying power from an external power source without driving the engine.
- An electric vehicle having such an electric motor is equipped with an in-vehicle charger that boosts the commercial power source and converts it into DC power so that the battery can be charged using a commercial commercial power source as an external power source.
- an in-vehicle charger that boosts the commercial power source and converts it into DC power so that the battery can be charged using a commercial commercial power source as an external power source.
- the on-vehicle charger charges the battery in the electric vehicle from the commercial power source for household use via the public power network, it can be said that the vehicle and the home environment are integrated. Therefore, as electric vehicles become widespread, reliability and quality maintenance are required in both environments of EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) tests for electric vehicles and EMC tests for consumer equipment related to public power supply networks. It becomes like this. Therefore, in such a case, the EMC regulation of the in-vehicle charger is stricter than general electric parts.
- the on-vehicle charger is generally composed of an AC / DC converter and an insulated DC / DC converter (hereinafter referred to as an insulated DC / DC converter). Further, in order to reduce the size and cost of the on-vehicle charger, it is essential to reduce the size of magnetic parts such as a transformer and a reactor, and a higher switching frequency is desired. However, with high frequency driving, problems such as increased recovery loss of the diode and increased surge voltage occur. In particular, in the case of an in-vehicle charger, a high voltage battery is connected to the output side of the isolated DC / DC converter.
- the surge voltage generated on the secondary side of the transformer becomes high, and there is a concern about an increase in the breakdown voltage of the element, an increase in loss, and an EMC deterioration. Therefore, it is required to suppress the surge voltage generated in the secondary side rectifier circuit of the isolated DC / DC converter.
- SiC-SBD Schottky barrier diode
- SiC-SBD Schottky barrier diode
- the SiC diode is more expensive than a general Si diode, and if the SiC Schottky barrier diode is used for all the rectifier circuits, the cost of the on-vehicle charger itself is greatly increased.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and can be realized without using a snubber resistor and can suppress a recovery surge voltage of a diode with a circuit configuration that suppresses an increase in cost.
- the purpose is to obtain an in-vehicle charger.
- the present invention is an in-vehicle charger for charging a battery that supplies power to an electric motor for driving a vehicle with AC power supplied from an external power source, the AC / DC converter receiving the AC power, and the AC / DC converter.
- a DC / DC converter connected between the DC converter and the battery, and a controller for controlling the AC / DC converter and the DC / DC converter, wherein the DC / DC converter includes a primary winding and A transformer having a secondary winding; a reactor connected in series to the primary winding; a first surge suppression diode; a second surge suppression diode; and a positive side and a negative side of the DC / DC converter
- a full-bridge switching circuit comprising two pairs of switching elements connected in series between the side input terminals, and the DC / DC converter
- a capacitor connected between the negative side input terminal and a negative side input terminal, a rectifier circuit and a smoothing circuit provided on the secondary winding side, and an end to which the primary winding of the reactor is not connected; The end
- the present invention in the DC / DC converter, by providing a path for bypassing the surge energy caused by the recovery current of the rectifying diode of the secondary side rectifier circuit to the switching element and the capacitor side by the surge suppressing diode.
- the surge voltage is prevented from being applied to the transformer, and only the voltage of the capacitor is applied to the primary side of the transformer.
- no surge voltage is generated on the secondary side of the transformer.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an in-vehicle charger using a general insulated DC / DC converter configured by a full-bridge semiconductor switching element and a diode for explaining the in-vehicle charger according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; .
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an in-vehicle charger using a general insulated DC / DC converter configured by a full-bridge semiconductor switching element and a diode for explaining the in-vehicle charger according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; .
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a current path when each semiconductor switching element in FIG. 4 is on / off.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a current path following FIG. 5.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a current path following FIG. 6. It is a figure which shows the electric current path
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a current path following FIG. 8. It is a figure which shows the time-dependent change of the electric current and voltage of the rectifier diode in FIG. It is a figure which shows an electric current path
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a current path following FIG. 15. It is a figure which shows the electric current path
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a current path following FIG. 19.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a current path following FIG. 20.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a current path following FIG. 21. It is a figure which shows the voltage of the capacitor
- Embodiment 3 of this invention it is a figure which shows a current pathway when each semiconductor switching element in FIG. 24 is on / off.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a current path following FIG.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing a current path following FIG.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a current path following FIG.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram showing a current path following FIG. 29.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing a current path following FIG. 30.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram showing a current path following FIG. 31. It is a schematic block diagram of the circuit part of the vehicle-mounted charger in Embodiment 4 of this invention.
- FIG. 40 is a diagram showing a current path following FIG.
- FIG. 41 is a diagram showing a current path following FIG.
- FIG. 42 is a diagram showing a current path following FIG.
- FIG. 43 is a diagram showing a current path following FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of the entire in-vehicle charger according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- an AC power source 1 (hereinafter simply referred to as AC power source 1) as an external power source (AC input power source) is connected to the input side of the in-vehicle charger 11.
- a high voltage battery 10 (hereinafter referred to as a high voltage battery 10) as a load is connected to the output side of the in-vehicle charger 11.
- the high voltage battery 10 supplies the stored power to an electric motor for driving the vehicle.
- the in-vehicle charger 11 boosts an AC / DC converter 2 that converts an AC voltage into a DC voltage, and a DC voltage generated by the AC / DC converter 2, and applies the boosted DC voltage to the high-voltage battery 10.
- an insulated DC / DC converter 3 that supplies power to the high-voltage battery 10 is provided.
- a capacitor 4 is connected between the AC / DC converter 2 and the insulated DC / DC converter 3.
- the insulated DC / DC converter 3 includes four semiconductor switching elements Q1 to Q4, two surge suppression diodes D5 to D6, an external resonance reactor 5, an insulation transformer 6, and four rectifying diodes D1 to D6.
- D4 and a smoothing circuit 9 including a smoothing reactor 7 and a smoothing capacitor 8 are included.
- semiconductor switching elements Q1 to Q4 are connected to the subsequent stage of the capacitor 4.
- MOSFETs can be used as these semiconductor switching elements Q1 to Q4.
- the drains of the semiconductor switching elements Q 1 and Q 3 are connected to the positive side of the capacitor 4, and the sources of the semiconductor switching elements Q 2 and Q 4 are connected to the negative side of the capacitor 4.
- One end of the primary winding of the insulating transformer 6 is connected to one end of the resonance reactor 5, and the other end is connected to a connection point between the source of the semiconductor switching element Q3 and the drain of the semiconductor switching element Q4.
- the other end of the resonance reactor 5 is connected to a connection point between the source of the semiconductor switching element Q1 and the drain of the semiconductor switching element Q2. That is, the full-bridge switching circuits Q1 to Q4 are formed from two pairs of switching elements (Q1 and Q2, Q3 and Q4) connected in series between the positive and negative input terminals of the isolated DC / DC converter, that is, the capacitor 4, respectively. Become.
- An end of the reactor 5 to which the primary winding is not connected and an end of the primary winding to which the reactor 5 is not connected are two pairs of switching elements Q1 to Q4 (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4) are connected between the switching elements of different pairs of switching elements.
- the anode side of the surge suppression diode D5 is connected to the connection point between the resonance reactor 5 and the insulating transformer 6, and the cathode side of the surge suppression diode D5 is connected to the positive side of the capacitor 4.
- the cathode side of the surge suppression diode D 6 is connected to the connection point between the resonance reactor 5 and the insulating transformer 6, and the anode side of the surge suppression diode D 6 is connected to the negative side of the capacitor 4.
- Rectifying diodes D1 to D4 are connected to the secondary winding of the insulating transformer 6 in a full bridge configuration. Further, as the rectifying diodes D1 to D4, diodes made of an inexpensive Si (silicon) semiconductor are used. Hereinafter, a diode made of a Si semiconductor is referred to as a Si diode.
- a smoothing circuit 9 including a smoothing reactor 7 and a smoothing capacitor 8 is connected to the subsequent stage of the rectifying diodes D1 to D4.
- a rectifier circuit having Si diodes connected in a full-bridge configuration is employed as the rectifier circuit of the high-voltage isolated DC / DC converter 3.
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Si diode fast recovery diodes are used as the surge suppression diodes D5 to D6.
- the relationship between the recovery time and Vf (forward voltage at which the diode is turned on) is a trade-off, and the surge suppression diodes D5 to D6 have a low Vf for reducing conduction loss and increasing efficiency.
- Use FRD In the Si diode, the relationship between the recovery time and Vf (forward voltage at which the diode is turned on) is a trade-off, and the surge suppression diodes D5 to D6 have a low Vf for reducing conduction loss and increasing efficiency. Use FRD.
- the isolated DC / DC converter 3 for charging the high voltage battery 10 is a step-up converter
- the winding ratio (N1: N2) of the insulating transformer 6 is 1 or more, that is, the primary winding of the insulating transformer 6.
- the turn ratio of the secondary winding with respect to is 1 or more.
- the in-vehicle charger performs various controls including switching control of the AC / D converter 2 and the isolated DC / DC converter 3 of the in-vehicle charger 11 indicating the circuit portion of the in-vehicle charger by the control unit 11c.
- the insulated DC / DC converter 3 illustrated in the first embodiment is an insulated DC / DC converter having a general full bridge configuration, and adopts a switching system that is a hard switching system.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the semiconductor switching element of the isolated DC / DC converter 3 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- Tdc indicates a switching period
- td indicates a dead time.
- the current flowing to the primary winding side (primary side) of the insulating transformer 6 is as follows: capacitor 4 ⁇ semiconductor switching element Q1 ⁇ resonance reactor 5 ⁇ insulation
- the transformer 6 (primary side) flows through each path in the order of the semiconductor switching element Q4.
- the insulating transformer 6 transmits power from the primary side to the secondary side.
- the current flowing to the secondary winding side (secondary side) of the insulation transformer 6 is as follows: insulation transformer 6 (secondary side) ⁇ rectifier diode D1 ⁇ smoothing reactor 7 ⁇ high voltage battery 10 ⁇ rectifier diode D4. It flows through each route in order.
- the current flowing through the primary side of the insulating transformer 6 is in the order of the capacitor 4 ⁇ the semiconductor switching element Q3 ⁇ the insulating transformer 6 ⁇ the resonance reactor 5 ⁇ the semiconductor switching element Q2. Flow through each path. Subsequently, the current that flows to the secondary winding side of the insulating transformer 6 passes through each path in the order of the insulating transformer 6 (secondary side) ⁇ rectifier diode D3 ⁇ smoothing reactor 7 ⁇ high voltage battery 10 ⁇ rectifier diode D2. Flowing.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing each voltage / current waveform during the operation of the isolated DC / DC converter 3 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- Vtr1 Primary side voltage of the insulating transformer 6
- Itr1 Primary side current of the insulating transformer 6
- Vtr2 Secondary side voltage of the insulating transformer 6
- Iout Current flowing through the smoothing reactor 7 Insulation The peak of the primary current of the transformer indicates the inrush current due to the recovery of the diode.
- the resonance reactor 5 is a general reactor, but is not limited to this, and may be an inductance component of a pattern or wiring, for example.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram of an in-vehicle charger using a general isolated DC / DC converter composed of a full-bridge semiconductor switching element and a diode for explaining the in-vehicle charger 11 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is a circuit diagram.
- FIGS. 5 to 9 show changes over time in the current path flowing through the circuit of the in-vehicle charger when each of the semiconductor switching elements Q1 to Q4 in FIG. 4 is turned on / off.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing temporal changes in the current ID3 and the voltage VD3 of the rectifying diode D3 in FIG.
- the magnitude of the current ID3 (hereinafter simply referred to as current ID3) of the rectifying diode D3 is IF
- the voltage VD3 of the rectifying diode D3 (hereinafter, referred to as current ID3).
- the magnitude of the voltage VD3 is simply VF.
- the current of the rectifying diodes D2 and D3 decreases, and at the moment when the forward current becomes 0 A or less, the rectifying diodes D2 and D3 have a recovery current (or reverse recovery current).
- the path of the recovery current flowing through the rectifying diodes D2 and D3 is the path shown in FIG. Note that, in the rectifying diodes D2 and D3, there is a state in which energization can be performed by the accumulated carriers even when the bias direction (polarity) is changed and the reverse bias is applied from the ON state in which the forward bias is applied. .
- the magnitude of the current ID3 decreases from IF and becomes zero. In such a case, since the recovery current flows, the magnitude increases from 0 as time elapses from the time when the magnitude of the current ID3 becomes 0, and becomes maximum at time t3. Further, as time elapses from time t2, the magnitude of voltage VD3 decreases from VF, and becomes 0 at time t3.
- This recovery current also flows to the primary side of the isolation transformer 6.
- the rectifying diodes D2 and D3 in the recovery operation process, as the accumulated carriers decrease, the recovery current decreases and finally does not flow.
- the surge voltage VL is applied to the insulating transformer voltage Vtr1 in addition to the voltage of the capacitor 4.
- Vdc Voltage of capacitor 4 di / dt: Decreasing rate of rectifying diode recovery current di ′ / dt: Decreasing rate of rectifying diode recovery current flowing to the primary side of insulating transformer 6
- L When the inductance component of the resonance reactor 5 is used, the voltage applied to the primary side of the isolation transformer 6 when recovery occurs is
- Vtr1 Vdc + L (di '/ dt) (1)
- a voltage obtained by multiplying the primary side voltage of the insulating transformer by N is generated as the voltage Vtr2.
- a voltage obtained by multiplying the sum of the surge voltage VL and the voltage Vdc of the capacitor 4 by N is generated at both ends of the rectifying diode D3 as shown in FIG. Since the inductance component of the resonance reactor 5 is sufficiently larger than the inductance of the wiring or pattern or the like, the first embodiment handles the generation of the surge voltage VL as being caused by the inductance component of the resonance reactor 5.
- the SiC Schottky barrier diode is a unipolar device, unlike the bipolar device represented by the Si diode / FRD, there is no accumulation of minority carriers, and as a result, the reverse recovery time of the diode is faster than the FRD. This is because there is no temperature dependency.
- SiC diodes are more expensive than general Si diodes. Therefore, if four SiC Schottky barrier diodes are used as the rectifying diodes D1 to D4, there arises a problem that the cost of the in-vehicle charger itself is greatly increased.
- the rectifying diodes D1 to D4 are less expensive Si diodes than SiC diodes.
- a configuration in which the surge suppression diodes D5 and D6 are installed at the connection location between the resonance reactor 5 and the insulating transformer 6 can exhibit a surge suppression effect.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a current path when each of the semiconductor switching elements Q1 to Q4 of the in-vehicle charger 11 according to the first embodiment is turned on / off. Moreover, (a) of FIG. 11 and (b) of FIG. 11 show the change over time of the current path flowing through the circuit of the on-vehicle charger.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a current path when the semiconductor switching elements Q1 and Q4 are turned on.
- the surge suppression diode D5 is turned on.
- the surge suppression diode D6 is turned on. That is, during the period in which the surge voltage of the resonance reactor 5 is VL> Vf, a current always flows through the path of the resonance reactor 5 ⁇ the semiconductor switching element Q2 ⁇ the surge suppression diode D6 (the arrow in FIG. 11B). A2). Also at this time, since only the DC voltage of the capacitor 4 is applied to the primary side voltage of the insulating transformer 6, no surge is generated in the secondary side voltage of the insulating transformer 6. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
- the current ID3 and the voltage VD3 of the rectifying diode D3 have a time-varying characteristic as indicated by a solid line.
- a portion indicated by an arrow A in FIG. 12 indicates a position where a surge suppression diode D6 which is a return diode is turned on when the surge voltage of the resonance reactor 5 exceeds Vf.
- the on-vehicle charger mounted on the electric vehicle described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is low-cost and does not require a special snubber circuit, and can suppress a surge voltage due to diode recovery.
- the switching method is hard switching.
- the switching method is not limited to this, and may be, for example, soft switching.
- the insulated DC / DC converter 3 does not have to be an insulation type, and may be a DC / DC converter. Accordingly, the insulating transformer 6 may be a transformer.
- the resonance reactor 5 is a resonance reactor in the soft switching operation of the following embodiments, and may be a reactor (coil) (the same applies hereinafter).
- FIG. 13 is a schematic configuration diagram of the in-vehicle charger 11 which is a circuit portion of the in-vehicle charger in the second embodiment.
- resonance capacitors hereinafter referred to as resonance capacitors
- the resonance capacitors C1 to C4 are external capacitors, but are not limited thereto, and may be a capacitance of a semiconductor switching element, for example, a drain-source capacitance of a MOSFET.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the operation of each semiconductor switching element of the insulated DC / DC converter and the voltage / current waveforms in the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 15 to 22 are diagrams showing each semiconductor switching element in FIG. It is a figure which shows the electric current path when it is.
- the diagonal arrow in FIG. 14 has shown the advance of the phase between semiconductor switching elements.
- the peak of the primary side current of the isolation transformer indicates the inrush current due to the recovery of the diode.
- the surge current of the resonance reactor 5 and the current flowing to the primary side of the insulating transformer 6 flow along the path shown in FIG.
- the voltage applied to both ends of the semiconductor switching element Q2 is zero volts, so that no switching loss occurs (zero-volt switching).
- the surge current of the resonance reactor 5 is turned on by the surge suppression diode D6 at the moment when the surge voltage becomes higher than Vf, so that the resonance reactor 5 ⁇ A current flows through the path of the semiconductor switching element Q2 ⁇ surge suppression diode D6.
- the inductance component of the smoothing reactor 7 is also entered in L of the above equation (4). For this reason, in order to establish ZVS in FIGS. 18 and 22, an inductance value and a current amount satisfying the equation (4) are required, and generally, the charging power of the in-vehicle charger 11 is small (at light load). If the inductance value of the resonance reactor is small, ZVS is not established.
- the current for charging and discharging the resonance capacitor is not only the primary side current of the insulating transformer 6 but also the resonance reactor 5.
- a surge current can also be used (because the current value I in the above equation (4) increases).
- the resonance reactor current waveform of FIG. 14 the current flowing through the resonance reactor 5 has a waveform that maintains the peak current value of the primary current of the isolation transformer 6 (due to recovery of the rectifying diode). The difference between the current value of the resonance reactor 5 and the primary current value of the isolation transformer 6 flows to the surge suppression diode (D5 or D6).
- FIG. 23 shows a waveform obtained by rectifying the AC voltage of the AC power supply 1 by the AC / DC converter 2 when the output voltage of the AC / DC converter 2 is adjusted in the configuration of the second embodiment, and the AC / DC converter. 2 shows the voltage of the capacitor 4 boosted by 2.
- the controller 11c of the on-vehicle charger controls the voltage of the capacitor 4 to be sufficiently higher than the peak voltage of the AC voltage (line A in FIG. 23). This is because if the voltage of the capacitor 4 becomes lower than the AC voltage, an excessive current flows from the AC power source 1 to the capacitor 4 and control becomes impossible. However, the higher the voltage of the capacitor 4, the more energy is required to charge and discharge the resonance capacitor, making it difficult to establish ZVS.
- the controller 11c of the on-vehicle charger described in the second embodiment normally controls the voltage of the capacitor 4 that is controlled to be sufficiently higher than the peak value of the AC voltage at a light load where ZVS is difficult to be established.
- the controller 11c of the on-vehicle charger described in the second embodiment normally controls the voltage of the capacitor 4 that is controlled to be sufficiently higher than the peak value of the AC voltage at a light load where ZVS is difficult to be established.
- Embodiment 3 the vehicle-mounted charger in Embodiment 3 of this invention is demonstrated.
- the on-vehicle charger 11 described in the second embodiment suppresses the step-up rate of the voltage of the capacitor 4 output from the AC / DC converter 2, the control unit 11c drives the isolated DC / DC converter by phase shift control, and the semiconductor The switching elements Q3 and Q4 are turned on / off before the semiconductor switching elements Q1 and Q2 (see FIG. 14), thereby improving the establishment of ZVS.
- the current flowing through the resonance reactor 5 is large because the primary current of the isolation transformer 6 and the surge current of the resonance reactor 5 flow (see FIG. 14), and the semiconductor switching elements Q1 and Q2 also have a half cycle. (See FIGS.
- the conduction loss of the resonance reactor 5 and the semiconductor switching elements Q1 and Q2 is large. For this reason, when the current for charging the high-voltage battery 10 is sufficiently large, the primary side current of the isolation transformer 6 also increases. When ZVS is established only by the primary side current of the isolation transformer 6, the resonance reactor 5 The conduction loss of the semiconductor switching elements Q1 and Q2 increases by the surge current. Therefore, as a configuration for solving this, the semiconductor switching elements Q1 and Q2 are driven before the semiconductor switching elements Q3 and Q4 for the semiconductor switching elements that are driven by the isolated DC / DC converter 3 by phase shift control under the control of the control unit 11c. Solve by starting on / off.
- the schematic configuration diagram of the in-vehicle charger 11 which is a circuit portion of the in-vehicle charger in the third embodiment is the same as that in the second embodiment, and the control is different.
- FIG. FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the operation of each semiconductor switching element of the insulated DC / DC converter and each voltage / current waveform in the third embodiment of the present invention
- FIGS. 25 to 32 show each semiconductor switching element in FIG. FIG.
- the diagonal arrow in FIG. 24 has shown the advance of the phase between semiconductor switching elements.
- the peak of the primary side current of the isolation transformer indicates the inrush current due to the recovery of the diode.
- phase shift control it is important that the semiconductor switching elements Q1 and Q2 start turning on and off (the phase is advanced) before the semiconductor switching elements Q3 and Q4 (see FIG. 24).
- the surge current of the resonance reactor 5 and the current flowing to the primary side of the insulating transformer 6 flow along the path shown in FIG.
- the current flowing through the primary winding of the insulating transformer 6 and the surge current of the resonance reactor 5 charge the resonance capacitor C1 and discharge the resonance capacitor C2.
- the body diode inside the semiconductor switching element Q2 is turned on, and the surge current of the resonance reactor 5 is A current path flows through the body diode inside the capacitor 4 ⁇ the semiconductor switching element Q2 without passing through C1 (broken line arrow F1 in FIG. 26).
- the current flowing through the semiconductor switching elements is smaller than that in the second embodiment (see FIGS. Resonant reactor current waveform (see current paths in FIGS. 17, 21, 27, and 31), it can be seen that the conduction loss of the semiconductor switching element is reduced.
- Embodiment 4 FIG.
- the on-vehicle charger 11 described in the second embodiment not only suppresses a surge due to recovery of the rectifying diodes D1 to D4, but can establish ZVS even at light loads (enlarge ZVS establishment range) or The reactor 5 has the effect of downsizing.
- the on-vehicle charger 11 described in the third embodiment not only suppresses the surge due to the recovery of the rectifying diodes D1 to D4, but also suppresses the conduction loss of the semiconductor switching elements Q1 to Q4 from the second embodiment. It has an effect that can.
- the switching state described in the second embodiment can be used to establish the ZVS, thereby improving the efficiency of the on-vehicle charger 11 and reducing the heat generation due to the reduction in switching loss of the semiconductor switching element.
- the control unit 11c of the on-vehicle charger 11 includes a phase switching unit (see the flowchart in FIG. 34) for switching the switching mode, and switches the switching mode of the isolated DC / DC converter 3 based on the switching determination result. It is possible to select an optimal operation depending on the state of charge.
- switching mode 1 the switching mode of the second embodiment in which the semiconductor switching elements Q3 and Q4 start on / off before the semiconductor switching elements Q1 and Q2 is referred to as switching mode 1.
- switching mode 2 the switching mode of the third embodiment in which the semiconductor switching elements Q1, Q2 start on / off prior to the semiconductor switching elements Q3, Q4 is referred to as switching mode 2.
- FIG. 33 shows an in-vehicle charger 11 showing a circuit portion of the in-vehicle charger in the fourth embodiment.
- the on-vehicle charger 11 includes a capacitor voltage sensor 20 (voltage detection unit) that acquires the voltage value of the capacitor 4 and a battery current sensor 21 (current detection unit) that acquires a current value for charging the high voltage battery.
- FIG. 34 is a flowchart showing the operation of the switching mode switching determination unit in the control unit 11c of the in-vehicle charger 11.
- the controller 11c of the in-vehicle charger 11 first acquires the voltage value (Vc) of the capacitor 4 from the voltage sensor 20, and in step S20, the battery current value (Iout) of the high-voltage battery 10 from the battery current sensor 21. To get.
- step S30 it is determined that the voltage value Vc of the capacitor 4 is less than a predetermined threshold value Vth, and that the battery current value Iout is greater than a predetermined threshold value Ith. If the determination is (Yes) in step S30, the control unit selects switching mode 2 of the third embodiment in step S40.
- step S50 switching mode 1 of the second embodiment is selected in step S50.
- the detection of the capacitor voltage basically, it is only necessary to know the voltage state of the high voltage battery 10, and instead of the capacitor voltage sensor 20, a battery voltage sensor 23 (directly detecting the voltage of the high voltage battery 10). A voltage detection unit) may be provided, and the same determination may be performed based on the battery voltage (however, the set threshold value is different).
- the on-vehicle charger 11 of the fourth embodiment is a temperature sensor 22a, 22b (temperature detection unit) that acquires the temperature of the semiconductor switching elements Q1 to Q2 of the isolated DC / DC converter 3.
- the controller 11c of the in-vehicle charger 11 may select the switching mode 2 to reduce conduction loss of the semiconductor switching element. If the temperature value is equal to or lower than the threshold value, the control unit 11c selects the switching mode 1.
- FIG. 35 is a schematic configuration diagram of in-vehicle charger 11 which is a circuit portion of the in-vehicle charger according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- the resonance reactor 5 is divided into two (hereinafter referred to as resonance reactors 5a and 5b). Is connected to the primary winding of the insulating transformer 6, and the other end is connected to the midpoint of each of the semiconductor switching elements Q1 to Q4.
- the anode side of the surge suppression diode D5a is connected to the connection point between the resonance reactor 5a and the insulating transformer 6, and the cathode side of the surge suppression diode D5a is connected to the positive side of the capacitor 4.
- the cathode side of the surge suppression diode D6a is connected to the connection point between the resonance reactor 5a and the insulating transformer 6, and the anode side of the surge suppression diode D6a is connected to the negative side of the capacitor 4.
- the anode side of the surge suppression diode D5b is connected to the connection point between the resonance reactor 5b and the insulating transformer 6, and the cathode side of the surge suppression diode D5b is connected to the positive side of the capacitor 4.
- the cathode side of the surge suppression diode D6b is connected to the connection point between the resonance reactor 5b and the insulating transformer 6, and the anode side of the surge suppression diode D6b is connected to the negative side of the capacitor 4.
- the insulated DC / DC converter 3 of the in-vehicle charger 11 described in the fifth embodiment divides the resonance reactors 5a and 5b (divides the inductance value).
- the surge energy due to the recovery of the rectifying diodes D1 to D4 can be dispersed, and the resonance reactors 5a and 5b are provided with surge suppression diodes D5a, D5b, D6a, and D6b, respectively.
- FIGS. 36 to 43 are diagrams showing current paths when the semiconductor switching elements according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention are turned on / off.
- the driving method of each semiconductor switching element of the isolated DC / DC converter 3 is phase shift control.
- FIGS. 36 to 43 will be described as the same switching timing as FIG.
- the current flowing to the primary winding side of the insulating transformer 6 is as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 36, the current flows through the path of the capacitor 4, the semiconductor switching element Q1, the resonance reactor 5a, the insulating transformer 6, the resonance reactor 5b, and the semiconductor switching element Q4 (arrow B1 in FIG. 36).
- the surge voltage generated in the resonance reactor 5a due to the recovery of the rectifying diodes D1 to D4 is turned on at the moment when the surge voltage becomes higher than Vf, and the resonance reactor 5a ⁇ surge suppression A current flows through the path from the diode D5a to the semiconductor switching element Q1 (arrow A1 in FIG. 36).
- the surge voltage generated in the resonance reactor 5b by the recovery of the rectifier diode is turned on at the moment when the surge voltage becomes higher than Vf, and the resonance reactor 5b ⁇ semiconductor switching element Q4 ⁇ A current flows through the path of the surge suppression diode D6b (arrow A2 in FIG. 36).
- the surge current of the resonance reactor 5a, the surge current of the resonance reactor 5b, and the current flowing through the primary side of the insulating transformer 6 flow along the path shown in FIG.
- the current flowing through the primary winding of the insulating transformer 6 and the surge current of the resonance reactor 5b charge the resonance capacitor C4 and discharge the resonance capacitor C3.
- the surge current of the resonance reactor 5a maintains the state shown in FIG. 36 because the semiconductor switching element Q1 is on.
- the surge current of the resonance reactor 5a and the current flowing to the primary side of the insulating transformer 6 flow along the path shown in FIG.
- the current flowing in the primary winding of the insulating transformer 6 charges the resonance capacitor C1 and discharges the resonance capacitor C2.
- the body diode inside the semiconductor switching element Q2 is turned on, and the primary current of the isolation transformer 6 causes the resonance capacitor C1 to Without flowing, it flows through the internal diode of capacitor 4 ⁇ semiconductor switching element Q2 (broken line arrow F2 in FIG. 39).
- the surge current of the resonance reactor 5a does not flow through the resonance capacitor C1, but also flows from the capacitor 4 to the internal diode of the semiconductor switching element Q2 (broken arrow F1 in FIG. 39).
- the surge current of the resonance reactor 5a flows through the path of the resonance reactor 5a ⁇ the semiconductor switching element Q2 ⁇ the surge suppression diode D6a (arrow A2 in FIG. 40).
- the surge current of the resonance reactor 5b flows through the path of the resonance reactor 5b ⁇ the surge suppression diode D5b ⁇ the semiconductor switching element Q3 (arrow A1 in FIG. 40).
- the current path flows through the body diode in the capacitor 4 ⁇ the semiconductor switching element Q1 (broken line arrow F1 in FIG. 41). For this reason, since the voltage of the capacitor 4 is applied to the resonance reactor 5b and the surge suppression diode D5b in the opposite direction to the current, the surge current of the resonance reactor 5b decreases and the surge suppression diode D5b is turned off.
- the surge current of the resonance reactor 5a and the current flowing to the primary side of the insulating transformer 6 flow along the path shown in FIG.
- the surge current of the resonance reactor 5a and the current flowing through the primary winding of the insulating transformer 6 charge the resonance capacitor C2 and discharge the resonance capacitor C1.
- the body diode inside the semiconductor switching element Q1 is turned on.
- the surge current of the resonance reactor 5a does not flow through the resonance capacitor C2, but flows through the internal diode of the semiconductor switching element Q1 ⁇ the capacitor 4 (broken arrow F1 in FIG. 43).
- the surge current of the resonance reactors 5a and 5b can be distributed to the semiconductor switching elements Q1 to Q4.
- the conduction loss of the switching elements Q1 to Q4 is also suppressed, and the semiconductor switching element is prevented from generating heat locally.
- the in-vehicle charger described in each of the above embodiments of the present invention is generated by recovery of the rectifying diode regardless of the driving method (hard switching, soft switching) of the isolated DC / DC converter 3.
- the surge voltage of the resonance reactor can be suppressed.
- phase shift control the effect of improving the establishment of ZVS can be achieved.
- the semiconductor switching element described in each of the above embodiments of the present invention has been described on the assumption that a diode (body diode) is provided inside the element.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- an IGBT without a body diode may be used as the semiconductor switching element, and a diode may be connected to the outside.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and includes all possible combinations thereof.
- the on-vehicle charger according to the present invention can be applied to various electric vehicles.
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Abstract
Description
上記特許文献1に記載の従来技術では、車載充電器に具備される高電圧・大電力出力の絶縁DC/DCコンバータ回路に適用した場合、RCD(residual current device)スナバ回路に使用されているスナバ抵抗の損失および発熱が増大するので、スナバ抵抗の定格自体を大きくする必要がある。このような場合、スナバ抵抗のサイズが大型化するので、コストが高くなってしまうという問題があった。また、スナバ抵抗の発熱を抑制するために、冷却能力の向上が求められ、車載充電器の筐体自体のサイズが大型化してしまうという問題があった。したがって、サイズの小型化および電力変換効率の高効率化が求められている車載充電器においては、RCDスナバ回路を使用することが敬遠されている。
図1は、この発明の実施の形態1における車載充電器全体の概略構成図である。図1に示すように、車載充電器11の入力側には、外部電源(交流入力電源)としての交流電源1(以下、単に交流電源1と称す)が接続される。また、車載充電器11の出力側には、負荷としての高電圧のバッテリ10(以下、高電圧バッテリ10と称す)が接続される。この高電圧バッテリ10は、車両駆動用の電動モータに、蓄えた電力を供給する。
すなわち、フルブリッジ方式のスイッチング回路Q1~Q4は絶縁DC/DCコンバータすなわちコンデンサ4の正側および負側入力端間にそれぞれ直列接続された2対のスイッチング素子(Q1とQ2,Q3とQ4)からなる。そして、リアクトル5の1次巻線が接続されていない端と、1次巻線のリアクトル5が接続されていない端は、スイッチング回路Q1~Q4の2対のスイッチング素子(Q1とQ2,Q3とQ4)のそれぞれ異なるスイッチング素子対のスイッチング素子間に接続されている。
一方、共振用リアクトル5と絶縁トランス6との接続点には、サージ抑制用ダイオードD6のカソード側が接続され、サージ抑制用ダイオードD6のアノード側はコンデンサ4の負極側に接続される。
そして車載充電器は、車載充電器の回路部分を示す車載充電器11のAC/Dコンバータ2、絶縁DC/DCコンバータ3のスイッチング制御等を含む各種制御を制御部11cで行う。
Vtr1:絶縁トランス6の1次側電圧
Itr1:絶縁トランス6の1次側電流
Vtr2:絶縁トランス6の2次側電圧
Itr2:絶縁トランス6の2次側電流
Iout:平滑用リアクトル7に流れる電流
絶縁トランスの1次側電流のピークはダイオードのリカバリによる突入電流を示す。
di/dt:整流用ダイオードリカバリ電流の減少率
di’/dt:絶縁トランス6の1次側に流れる整流用ダイオードリカバリ電流の減少率
N:絶縁トランス巻線比(N=N2/N1)
L:共振用リアクトル5のインダクタンス成分
とすると、リカバリ発生時に絶縁トランス6の1次側に印加される電圧は、
図12の矢印Aの部分は、共振用リアクトル5のサージ電圧がVfを上回ると還流用ダイオードであるサージ抑制用ダイオードD6がオンする位置を示している。
なお、絶縁DC/DCコンバータ3は絶縁式のものでなくてもよく、DC/DCコンバータであればよい。従って絶縁トランス6もトランスであればよい。また、共振用リアクトル5は以降の実施の形態のソフトスイッチングの動作において共振用のリアクトルとなるものであり、リアクトル(コイル)であればよい(以降同様)
以下、この発明の実施の形態2における車載充電器について説明する。実施の形態1では、スイッチング方式はハードスイッチングとして説明したが、この発明の構成は、制御部11cがソフトスイッチングである位相シフト制御を行うことで、より効力を発揮する。以下に説明する。図13は、実施の形態2における車載充電器の回路部分である車載充電器11の概略構成図である。
回路構成は実施の形態1とほとんど同じであるが、半導体スイッチング素子Q1~Q4のドレインーソース間には、共振用のコンデンサ(以下、共振用コンデンサと称す)C1~C4が接続されている。
図14は、この発明の実施の形態2における絶縁DC/DCコンバータの半導体スイッチング素子の動作と各電圧電流波形を示す図、図15~22は、図14における各半導体スイッチング素子がオン/オフしているときの電流経路を示す図である。
なお、図14中の斜めの矢印は半導体スイッチング素子間の位相の進みを示している。また、絶縁トランスの1次側電流のピークはダイオードのリカバリによる突入電流を示している。
このため、図18、図22でZVSを成立させるには、式(4)を満たすインダクタンス値、電流量が必要であり、一般的に、車載充電器11の充電電力が小さい(軽負荷時)とき、共振用リアクトルのインダクタンス値が小さいと、ZVS不成立となる。
以下、この発明の実施の形態3における車載充電器について説明する。実施の形態2で説明した車載充電器11は、AC/DCコンバータ2が出力するコンデンサ4の電圧の昇圧率を抑え、制御部11cが絶縁DC/DCコンバータを位相シフト制御で駆動させ、また半導体スイッチング素子Q3、Q4は半導体スイッチング素子Q1、Q2より先にオン・オフを開始させる(図14参照)ことでZVSの成立性を高めた。しかし、一方で共振用リアクトル5に流れる電流は、絶縁トランス6の1次側電流と共振用リアクトル5のサージ電流が流れるため大きく(図14参照)、半導体スイッチング素子Q1、Q2にも半周期ごとに同じ量の電流が流れるため(図15~図22参照)、共振用リアクトル5、半導体スイッチング素子Q1、Q2の導通損失が大きい。このため、高電圧バッテリ10を充電する電流が十分大きいときは、絶縁トランス6の1次側電流も大きくなり、絶縁トランス6の1次側電流だけで、ZVS成立する場合は、共振用リアクトル5のサージ電流分だけ、半導体スイッチング素子Q1、Q2の導通損失は増えてしまう。そこで、これを解決する構成として、制御部11cの制御により、絶縁DC/DCコンバータ3が位相シフト制御で駆動させる半導体スイッチング素子について、半導体スイッチング素子Q1、Q2を半導体スイッチング素子Q3、Q4より先にオン・オフを開始させることで解決する。実施の形態3における車載充電器の回路部分である車載充電器11の概略構成図は、実施の形態2のものと同じであり、制御が異なる。
以下、この発明の実施の形態4における車載充電器について説明する。上記実施の形態2で説明した車載充電器11は、整流用ダイオードD1~D4のリカバリによるサージを抑制するだけでなく、軽負荷時でもZVSが成立可能(ZVS成立範囲の拡大)または、共振用リアクトル5が小型化という効果をもつ。一方、実施の形態3で説明した車載充電器11は、整流用ダイオードD1~D4のリカバリによるサージを抑制するだけでなく、実施の形態2より、半導体スイッチング素子Q1~Q4の導通損失を抑制することができる効果をもつ。以上から、軽負荷時においては、実施の形態2で説明したスイッチング状態とすることでZVSが成立可能となり車載充電器11の効率が向上し半導体スイッチング素子のスイッチング損失低下による発熱が軽減する。一方、高負荷時(絶縁トランス6の1次側電流だけでもZVS可能)においては実施の形態3で説明したスイッチング状態とすることで半導体スイッチング素子の導通損失が低下、車載充電器11の効率が向上する。実施の形態4では車載充電器11の制御部11cは、スイッチングモードを切り替える位相切り換え部(図34のフローチャート参照)を含み、切り替え判定結果にもとづいて、絶縁DC/DCコンバータ3のスイッチングモードの切り替えを行い、充電状態によって最適な動作を選択することが可能となる。
次に、ステップS30において、コンデンサ4の電圧値Vcが予め設定された所定の閾値Vth未満であり、かつバッテリ電流値Ioutが予め設定された所定の閾値Ithより大きいことを判定する。ステップS30において、判定が(Yes)の場合、制御部はステップS40において、実施の形態3のスイッチングモード2を選択する。一方、ステップS30において、上記2つの条件を満たさない(No)の場合、ステップS50において実施の形態2のスイッチングモード1を選択する。
なお、上記コンデンサ電圧の検出に関しては、基本的には高電圧バッテリ10の電圧の状態が分かればよく、コンデンサ電圧センサ20の代わりに、高電圧バッテリ10の電圧を直接検出するバッテリ電圧センサ23(電圧検出部)を設けて、バッテリ電圧に基づいて同様の判定を行ってもよい(但し設定される閾値は異なる)。
以下、この発明の実施の形態5における車載充電器について説明する。図35は、この発明の実施の形態5における車載充電器の回路部分である車載充電器11の概略構成図である。図35に示すように、実施の形態5の車載充電器11の絶縁DC/DCコンバータ3は共振用リアクトル5が2分割されており(以下、共振用リアクトル5a、5bと称す)、それぞれ、一端が絶縁トランス6の1次側巻線と接続され、他端が各半導体スイッチング素子Q1~Q4の中点に接続されている。
また、共振用リアクトル5a、5bに発生するサージ電圧の向きが変わるため、共振用リアクトル5a、5bのサージ電流は、それぞれ、サージ電圧がVfより大きくなったときに、サージ抑制用ダイオードD6a、D5bがオンし、共振用リアクトル5aのサージ電流は、共振用リアクトル5a→半導体スイッチング素子Q2→サージ抑制用ダイオードD6aの経路で電流が流れる(図40の矢印A2)。また、共振用リアクトル5bのサージ電流は、共振用リアクトル5b→サージ抑制用ダイオードD5b→半導体スイッチング素子Q3の経路で電流が流れる(図40の矢印A1)。これにより、絶縁トランス6にかかる電圧はコンデンサ4の電圧だけであるため、絶縁トランスの2次側にはサージが発生しない。
充電されている共振用コンデンサC3の電圧がコンデンサ4の両端の電圧より大きくなったとき、半導体スイッチング素子Q4内部のボディダイオードがオンし、共振用リアクトル5bのサージ電流は、共振用コンデンサC3を通らず、コンデンサ4→半導体スイッチング素子Q1内部のボディダイオードを流れる電流経路となる(図41の破線矢印F1)。このため、共振用リアクトル5b、サージ抑制用ダイオードD5bにはコンデンサ4の電圧が電流とは逆向きでかかるため、共振用リアクトル5bのサージ電流は減少し、サージ抑制用ダイオードD5bはオフする。
共振用リアクトル5aのサージ電流は、共振用コンデンサC2を流れずに、半導体スイッチング素子Q1の内部ダイオード→コンデンサ4を流れる(図43の破線矢印F1)。
また、絶縁トランス6の1次側電流も、同様に共振用コンデンサC2を流れずに、半導体スイッチング素子Q1の内部ダイオード→コンデンサ4を流れる(図43の破線矢印F2)。時刻t=t8以降からはt=t0と同じであり、上記動作を繰り返す。
この発明は上記各実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、これらの可能な組み合わせも全て含む。
Claims (13)
- 車両駆動用の電動モータに給電するバッテリを、外部電源から供給される交流電力により充電する車載充電器であって、
前記交流電力を入力とするAC/DCコンバータと、
前記AC/DCコンバータと前記バッテリの間に接続されたDC/DCコンバータと、
前記AC/DCコンバータとDC/DCコンバータの制御を行う制御部と、
を備え、
前記DC/DCコンバータは、
1次巻線および2次巻線を有するトランスと、
前記1次巻線に直列に接続されたリアクトルと、
第1のサージ抑制用ダイオードと第2のサージ抑制用ダイオードと、
前記DC/DCコンバータの正側および負側入力端間にそれぞれ直列接続された2対のスイッチング素子から成るフルブリッジ方式のスイッチング回路と、
前記DC/DCコンバータの正側および負側入力端間に接続されたコンデンサと、
前記2次巻線側に設けられた整流回路および平滑回路と、
を含み、
前記リアクトルの前記1次巻線が接続されていない端と、前記1次巻線の前記リアクトルが接続されていない端は、前記スイッチング回路の2対のスイッチング素子のそれぞれ異なるスイッチング素子対のスイッチング素子間に接続され、
前記リアクトルと前記1次巻線との接続点には、前記第1のサージ抑制用ダイオードのアノード側と前記第2のサージ抑制用ダイオードのカソード側が接続され、前記第1のサージ抑制用ダイオードのカソード側は前記DC/DCコンバータの正側入力端に接続され、前記第2のサージ抑制用ダイオードのアノード側は、前記DC/DCコンバータの負側入力端に接続されている、
ことを特徴とする車載充電器。 - 前記DC/DCコンバータが前記制御部により位相シフト制御で駆動されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車載充電器。
- 前記トランスは、前記1次巻線に対する前記2次巻線の巻数比が1以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車載充電器。
- 前記制御部が、前記DC/DCコンバータが生成する直流電圧を、前記AC/DCコンバータで整流後の交流電圧に応じて電圧を下げることを特徴とする請求項1から3までのいずれか1項に記載の車載充電器。
- 前記制御部が、前記1次巻線の前記リアクトルと接続されていない端と接続される前記各スイッチング素子の第1のスイッチング位相を、前記リアクトルの前記1次巻線と接続されていない端と接続される前記各スイッチング素子の第2のスイッチング位相より進めるようにスイッチング制御を行うことを特徴とする請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に記載の車載充電器。
- 前記制御部が、前記リアクトルの前記1次巻線と接続されていない端と接続される前記各スイッチング素子の第2のスイッチング位相を、前記1次巻線の前記リアクトルと接続されていない端と接続される前記各スイッチング素子の第1のスイッチング位相より進めるようにスイッチング制御を行うことを特徴とする請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に記載の車載充電器。
- 前記制御部は、前記DC/DCコンバータの前記スイッチング素子の温度か、または前記バッテリへの充電電流および前記バッテリの電圧に関する値に基づいて、前記第1のスイッチング位相と前記第2のスイッチング位相との関係を制御することを特徴とする請求項5または6に記載の車載充電器。
- 前記DC/DCコンバータの前記スイッチング素子の温度を検出する温度検出部を備え、
前記制御部が、前記温度検出部により測定された温度が予め設定された所定の値を超えたとき、前記第2のスイッチング位相を前記第1のスイッチング位相より進め、前記温度値が前記所定の値以下のときは、前記第1のスイッチング位相を前記第2のスイッチング位相より進めるように制御することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の車載充電器。 - 前記バッテリへの充電電流値を検出する電流検出部と、前記バッテリの電圧に関する電圧を検出する電圧検出部と、を備え、
前記制御部が、前記バッテリの電圧に関する電圧が予め設定された所定値未満かつ前記バッテリへの充電電流が予め設定された所定値を超えたとき、前記第2のスイッチング位相を前記第1のスイッチング位相より進め、それ以外の時には、前記第1のスイッチング位相を前記第2のスイッチング位相より進めるように制御することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の車載充電器 - 前記第1のサージ抑制用ダイオードと前記第2のサージ抑制用ダイオードはSi半導体からなることを特徴とする請求項1から9までのいずれか1項に記載の車載充電器。
- 前記トランスが絶縁トランスからなり、前記DC/DCコンバータが絶縁DC/DCコンバータを構成することを特徴とする請求項1から10までのいずれか1項に記載の車載充電器。
- 車両駆動用の電動モータに給電するバッテリを、外部電源から供給される交流電力により充電する車載充電器であって、
前記交流電力を入力とするAC/DCコンバータと、
前記AC/DCコンバータと前記バッテリの間に接続されたDC/DCコンバータと、
前記AC/DCコンバータとDC/DCコンバータの制御を行う制御部と、
を備え、
前記DC/DCコンバータは、
1次巻線および2次巻線を有するトランスと、
それぞれ前記1次巻線に直列に接続された第1のリアクトルと第2のリアクトルと、
第1から第4のサージ抑制用ダイオードと、
前記DC/DCコンバータの正側および負側入力端間にそれぞれ直列接続された2対のスイッチング素子から成るフルブリッジ方式のスイッチング回路と、
前記DC/DCコンバータの正側および負側入力端間に接続されたコンデンサと、
前記2次巻線側に設けられた整流回路および平滑回路と、
を含み、
前記1次巻線の一端には前記第1のリアクトルが接続され他端には前記第2のリアクトルが接続され、
前記第1のリアクトルの前記1次巻線が接続されていない端と前記第2のリアクトルの前記1次巻線が接続されていない端は、前記スイッチング回路の2対のスイッチング素子のそれぞれ異なるスイッチング素子対のスイッチング素子間に接続され、
前記第1のリアクトルと前記1次巻線との接続点には、前記第1のサージ抑制用ダイオードのアノード側と前記第2のサージ抑制用ダイオードのカソード側が接続され、前記第1のサージ抑制用ダイオードのカソード側は前記DC/DCコンバータの正側入力端に接続され、前記第2のサージ抑制用ダイオードのアノード側は前記DC/DCコンバータの負側入力端に接続され、
前記第2のリアクトルと前記1次巻線との接続点には、前記第3のサージ抑制用ダイオードのアノード側と前記第4のサージ抑制用ダイオードのカソード側が接続され、前記第3のサージ抑制用ダイオードのカソード側は前記DC/DCコンバータの正側入力端に接続され、前記第4のサージ抑制用ダイオードのアノード側は前記DC/DCコンバータの負側入力端に接続されている、
ことを特徴とする車載充電器。 - 車載バッテリを外部電源からの交流電力により充電する、AC/DCコンバータとDC/DCコンバータとを備えた車載充電器であって、
前記DC/DCコンバータが、トランスの1次巻線側に、リアクトルと、前記DC/DCコンバータの正側および負側入力端間に接続されると共に前記リアクトルと前記1次巻線に接続されたスイッチング回路と、前記DC/DCコンバータの正側および負側入力端間に接続されたコンデンサとを備え、前記2次巻線側に、整流回路と平滑回路とを備えたものにおいて、
前記トランスの2次側の前記整流回路の整流用ダイオードのリカバリ電流に起因するサージのエネルギーを、前記リアクトルと前記1次巻線との接続点と前記DC/DCコンバータの正側および負側入力端との間のそれぞれにサージ抑制用ダイオードを接続して、前記スイッチング回路、前記コンデンサ側にバイパスすることを特徴とする車載充電器におけるサージ抑制方法。
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| CN106347158A (zh) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-01-25 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | 一种充电机及汽车 |
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| WO2017104304A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-15 | 2017-06-22 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 電力変換装置 |
| JPWO2017104304A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-15 | 2018-06-21 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 電力変換装置 |
| JP2017127051A (ja) * | 2016-01-12 | 2017-07-20 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 位相シフト方式フルブリッジ型電源回路 |
| WO2017122579A1 (ja) * | 2016-01-12 | 2017-07-20 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 位相シフト方式フルブリッジ型電源回路 |
| JP2017175793A (ja) * | 2016-03-24 | 2017-09-28 | 株式会社デンソー | Dc−dcコンバータ |
| CN106347158A (zh) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-01-25 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | 一种充电机及汽车 |
| CN106379186A (zh) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-02-08 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | 一种充电机及汽车 |
| CN106347158B (zh) * | 2016-09-29 | 2020-08-14 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | 一种充电机及汽车 |
| JP2018074818A (ja) * | 2016-11-01 | 2018-05-10 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Dc−dcコンバータ |
| KR102429438B1 (ko) * | 2016-11-08 | 2022-08-04 | 전북대학교산학협력단 | 전기자동차용 배터리의 균일 충전을 위한 직렬과 병렬의 병행 충전 장치 |
| KR20180051732A (ko) * | 2016-11-08 | 2018-05-17 | 전북대학교산학협력단 | 전기자동차용 배터리의 균일 충전을 위한 직렬과 병렬의 병행 충전 기술 |
| KR102476441B1 (ko) * | 2018-05-04 | 2022-12-12 | 레이던 컴퍼니 | 재구성 가능한 전력 변환기를 적응적으로 제어하기 위한 시스템 및 방법 |
| JP2021522772A (ja) * | 2018-05-04 | 2021-08-30 | レイセオン カンパニー | 再構成可能な電力変換器を適応的に制御するためのシステム及び方法 |
| KR20200111809A (ko) * | 2018-05-04 | 2020-09-29 | 레이던 컴퍼니 | 재구성 가능한 전력 변환기를 적응적으로 제어하기 위한 시스템 및 방법 |
| CN112583267B (zh) * | 2020-12-15 | 2022-06-07 | 山特电子(深圳)有限公司 | 双向dc-dc变换器及包括其的不间断电源 |
| CN112583267A (zh) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-03-30 | 山特电子(深圳)有限公司 | 双向dc-dc变换器及包括其的不间断电源 |
| WO2024232000A1 (ja) * | 2023-05-09 | 2024-11-14 | 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所 | 車載用遮断装置 |
| KR20250008577A (ko) * | 2023-07-06 | 2025-01-15 | 인투코어테크놀로지 주식회사 | 전류 구동형 바이어스 전원 공급 시스템 |
| KR102769065B1 (ko) | 2023-07-06 | 2025-02-20 | 인투코어테크놀로지 주식회사 | 전류 구동형 바이어스 전원 공급 시스템 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3104508B1 (en) | 2018-09-26 |
| EP3104508A4 (en) | 2017-11-01 |
| JPWO2015118631A1 (ja) | 2017-03-23 |
| EP3104508A1 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
| JP6184529B2 (ja) | 2017-08-23 |
| US10086711B2 (en) | 2018-10-02 |
| CN105981278B (zh) | 2019-05-28 |
| US20160303987A1 (en) | 2016-10-20 |
| CN105981278A (zh) | 2016-09-28 |
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