WO2015118866A1 - 油井用高合金 - Google Patents
油井用高合金 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015118866A1 WO2015118866A1 PCT/JP2015/000507 JP2015000507W WO2015118866A1 WO 2015118866 A1 WO2015118866 A1 WO 2015118866A1 JP 2015000507 W JP2015000507 W JP 2015000507W WO 2015118866 A1 WO2015118866 A1 WO 2015118866A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/10—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
- C21D9/14—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes wear-resistant or pressure-resistant pipes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high alloy, and more particularly to a high alloy for oil wells used for oil wells and gas wells (hereinafter oil wells and gas wells are collectively referred to as oil wells).
- Deep oil wells also have a hot corrosive environment.
- the high temperature corrosive environment is an environment having a temperature of around 200 ° C. and containing hydrogen sulfide. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is likely to occur in a high temperature corrosion environment. Therefore, high strength and excellent SCC resistance are required for oil well alloy materials such as casings and tubing used for oil wells in a high temperature corrosive environment.
- the oil well alloy material is required to have excellent hot workability in addition to high strength and excellent SCC resistance.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-14419
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-83248
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent No. 3650951
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent No. 3235383
- the high alloy stainless steel disclosed in Patent Document 1 is, by weight, C: 0.005 to 0.3%, Si: 5% or less, Mn: 8% or less, P: 0.04% or less, Cr: 15 to 35%, Ni: 5 to 40%, N: 0.01 to 0.5%, S: 30 ppm or less, O: 50 ppm or less, one or two of Al or Ti: 0.01 to 0.1 %, One or two of Ca or Ce: 0.001 to 0.03%, with the balance being Fe and impurities.
- Patent Document 1 describes that this high alloy stainless steel has excellent corrosion resistance and hot workability because it has the above-described chemical composition.
- the high Ni alloy for oil country tubular goods disclosed in Patent Document 2 is, by weight, C: 0.02% or less, Si: 1.0% or less, Mn: 1.0% or less, P: 0.01% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Cr: 18-28%, Mo: 3.0-4.5%, Ni: 18-35%, N: 0.08-0.20%, Ca: 0-0. 01%, Mg: 0 to 0.01%, with the balance being Fe and impurities.
- This high Ni alloy for oil country tubular goods has excellent SCC resistance.
- Patent Document 2 describes that hot workability is improved if Ca and / or Mg is contained.
- the oil well seamless steel pipe disclosed in Patent Document 3 is, by weight, Si: 0.05 to 1%, Mn: 0.1 to 1.5%, Cr: 20 to 35%, Ni: 25 to 50 %, Cu: 0.5-8%, Mo: 0.01-1.5%, sol. Al: 0.01 to 0.3%, N: 0.15% or less, REM: 0 to 0.1%, Y: 0 to 0.2%, Mg: 0 to 0.1%, Ca: 0 to It contains 0.1% and the balance consists of Fe and inevitable impurities.
- C, P, and S in impurities are 0.05% or less, 0.03% or less, and 0.01% or less, respectively.
- the oil well seamless steel pipe further satisfies Cu ⁇ 1.2-0.4 (Mo-1.4) 2 .
- Patent Document 3 describes that this oil well seamless steel pipe has excellent stress corrosion cracking resistance and excellent hot workability.
- the high Cr-high Ni alloy disclosed in Patent Document 4 is, by weight, Si: 0.05 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.1 to 1.5%, Cr: 20.0 to 30.0. %, Ni: 20.0 to 40.0%, sol-Al: 0.01 to 0.3%, Cu: 0.5 to 5.0%, REM: 0 to 0.10%, Y: 0 to 0.20%, Mg: 0 to 0.10%, Ca: 0 to 0.10%, the balance consists of Fe and inevitable impurities, and C, P, and S in impurities are each 0.05% or less 0.03% or less and 0.01% or less.
- This high Cr-high Ni alloy has excellent hydrogen sulfide corrosion resistance. Patent Document 4 describes that this high Cr—high Ni alloy has even better hot workability if it contains REM, Y, Mg, and Ca.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a high alloy for oil wells having high strength and excellent hot workability and excellent SCC resistance.
- the oil well high alloy according to the present embodiment is, in mass%, C: 0.03% or less, Si: 1.0% or less, Mn: 0.05 to 1.5%, P: 0.03% or less, S : 0.03% or less, Ni: 26.0-40.0%, Cr: 22.0-30.0%, Mo: 0.01% or more and less than 5.0%, Cu: 0.1-3.
- the high alloy for oil wells according to the present embodiment has high strength, and has excellent hot workability and excellent SCC resistance.
- the present inventors investigated and examined the SCC resistance and hot workability of the high alloy. As a result, the present inventors obtained the following knowledge.
- a high alloy containing 22.0 to 30.0% Cr, 26.0 to 40.0% Ni, and 0.01% or more and less than 5.0% Mo by mass% has high strength. And has high corrosion resistance in a high temperature corrosive environment.
- the SCC resistance is enhanced by Ni, Mo and Cu.
- Ni, Mo and Cu react with hydrogen sulfide to form sulfide on the surface of the high alloy. Sulfides suppress the penetration of hydrogen sulfide into the alloy. Therefore, it becomes easy to form a Cr oxide film on the high alloy surface. As a result, the SCC resistance of the high alloy is increased.
- the SCC resistance is further increased.
- Ag forms sulfide (AgS) on the surface of the high alloy, like Ni, Mo and Cu. Therefore, a Cr oxide film is more stably formed by containing Ag. As a result, the SCC resistance of the high alloy is increased.
- the high well for oil wells of the present embodiment completed based on the above knowledge is, in mass%, C: 0.03% or less, Si: 1.0% or less, Mn: 0.05 to 1.5%, P : 0.03% or less, S: 0.03% or less, Ni: 26.0-40.0%, Cr: 22.0-30.0%, Mo: 0.01% or more and less than 5.0%, Cu: 0.1 to 3.0%, Al: 0.001 to 0.30%, N: more than 0.05% to 0.30% or less, O: 0.010% or less, Ag: 0.005 -1.0%, Ca: 0-0.01%, Mg: 0-0.01%, and rare earth elements: 0-0.2%, with the balance being Fe and impurities, It has a chemical composition satisfying 1) and formula (2), and its yield strength is 758 MPa or more.
- the oil well high alloy is selected from the group consisting of Ca: 0.0005 to 0.01%, Mg: 0.0005 to 0.01%, and rare earth elements: 0.001 to 0.2%. You may contain a seed or two or more sorts.
- the chemical composition of the oil well high alloy according to the present embodiment contains the following elements.
- C 0.03% or less Carbon (C) is inevitably contained. C forms Cr carbide at the grain boundaries and increases the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of the alloy. That is, C decreases the SCC resistance of the alloy. Therefore, the C content is 0.03% or less.
- the upper limit with preferable C content is less than 0.03%, More preferably, it is 0.028%, More preferably, it is 0.025%.
- Si 1.0% or less Silicon (Si) deoxidizes the alloy. However, if the Si content is too high, the hot workability of the alloy decreases. Therefore, the Si content is 1.0% or less.
- the minimum with preferable Si content is 0.01%, More preferably, it is 0.05%.
- the upper limit with preferable Si content is less than 1.0%, More preferably, it is 0.9%, More preferably, it is 0.7%.
- Mn 0.05 to 1.5%
- Mn Manganese
- the minimum with preferable Mn content is higher than 0.05%, More preferably, it is 0.1%, More preferably, it is 0.2%.
- the upper limit with preferable Mn content is less than 1.5%, More preferably, it is 1.4%, More preferably, it is 1.2%.
- P 0.03% or less Phosphorus (P) is an impurity.
- P increases the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of the alloy. Therefore, the SCC resistance of the alloy decreases. Therefore, the P content is 0.03% or less.
- a preferable P content is less than 0.03%, and more preferably 0.027% or less. The P content is preferably as low as possible.
- S 0.03% or less Sulfur (S) is an impurity. S decreases the hot workability of the alloy. Therefore, the S content is 0.03% or less. A preferable S content is less than 0.03%, more preferably 0.01% or less, and still more preferably 0.005% or less. The S content is preferably as low as possible.
- Ni Nickel (Ni), together with Cr, enhances the SCC resistance of the alloy.
- Ni forms Ni sulfide on the surface of the alloy.
- Ni sulfide suppresses the penetration of hydrogen sulfide into the alloy. Therefore, a Cr oxide film is easily formed on the surface layer of the alloy, and the SCC resistance of the alloy is increased. If the Ni content is too low, the above effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Ni content is too high, the cost of the alloy increases. Therefore, the Ni content is 26.0-40.0%.
- the minimum with preferable Ni content is higher than 27.0%, More preferably, it is 28.0%.
- the upper limit with preferable Ni content is less than 40.0%, More preferably, it is 37.0%.
- Cr 22.0-30.0% Chromium (Cr), together with Ni, Mo, Cu and Ag, increases the SCC resistance of the alloy. As Ni, Mo, Cu and Ag form sulfides, Cr forms an oxide film on the surface of the alloy. The Cr oxide film increases the SCC resistance of the alloy. If the Cr content is too low, the above effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Cr content is too high, the above effects are saturated, and the hot workability of the alloy is reduced. Therefore, the Cr content is 22.0 to 30.0%. The minimum with preferable Cr content is higher than 22.0%, More preferably, it is 23.0%, More preferably, it is 24.0%. The upper limit with preferable Cr content is less than 30.0%, More preferably, it is 29.0%, More preferably, it is 28.0%.
- Cr Chromium
- Mo 0.01% or more and less than 5.0% Molybdenum (Mo) improves the SCC resistance of the alloy together with Cr. Specifically, Mo forms a sulfide on the surface of the alloy and suppresses the penetration of hydrogen sulfide into the alloy. Therefore, a Cr oxide film is easily formed on the alloy surface, and the SCC resistance of the alloy is increased. If the Mo content is too low, the above effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Mo content is too high, the above effects are saturated, and the hot workability of the alloy is reduced. Therefore, the Mo content is 0.01% or more and less than 5.0%. The minimum with preferable Mo content is higher than 0.01%, More preferably, it is 0.05%, More preferably, it is 0.1%. The upper limit with preferable Mo content is 4.5%, More preferably, it is 4.2%, More preferably, it is 3.6%.
- Cu 0.1 to 3.0% Copper (Cu), together with Cr, enhances the SCC resistance of the alloy. Specifically, Cu is concentrated on the alloy surface in the corrosion reaction in the presence of hydrogen sulfide. Therefore, it is easy to form sulfide on the alloy surface. Cu forms a stable sulfide on the surface of the alloy and suppresses the entry of hydrogen sulfide into the alloy. Therefore, a Cr oxide film is easily formed on the alloy surface, and the SCC resistance of the alloy is increased. If the Cu content is too low, the above effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Cu content is too high, the above effects are saturated, and the hot workability of the alloy is lowered. Therefore, the Cu content is 0.1 to 3.0%. The minimum with preferable Cu content is higher than 0.1%, More preferably, it is 0.2%, More preferably, it is 0.3%. The upper limit with preferable Cu content is less than 3.0%, More preferably, it is 2.5%, More preferably, it is 1.5%.
- Al 0.001 to 0.30%
- Aluminum (Al) deoxidizes the alloy and suppresses the formation of Si and Mn oxides. If the Al content is too low, the above effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Al content is too high, the hot workability of the alloy decreases. Therefore, the Al content is 0.001 to 0.30%.
- the minimum with preferable Al content is higher than 0.001%, More preferably, it is 0.002%, More preferably, it is 0.005%.
- the upper limit with preferable Al content is less than 0.30%, More preferably, it is 0.25%, More preferably, it is 0.20%.
- Al content means content of acid-soluble Al (sol.Al).
- N more than 0.05% and not more than 0.30% Nitrogen (N) dissolves in the alloy and increases the strength without reducing the corrosion resistance of the alloy. C also increases the strength of the alloy. However, C forms Cr carbide and lowers the corrosion resistance and SCC resistance of the alloy. Therefore, the strength is increased by N in the high alloy of the present embodiment. N further increases the strength of the alloy material (for example, a raw pipe) that has been subjected to the solution treatment. Therefore, a high-strength alloy material can be obtained even if cold working with a low workability is performed after the solution treatment. In this case, in order to obtain high strength, it is not necessary to perform cold working with a high workability, and it is possible to suppress cracks due to ductility reduction during cold working.
- the N content exceeds 0.05% and is 0.30% or less.
- the minimum with preferable N content is 0.055%, More preferably, it is 0.06%, More preferably, it is 0.065%.
- the upper limit with preferable N content is less than 0.30%, More preferably, it is 0.28%, More preferably, it is 0.26%.
- Oxygen (O) is an impurity. O decreases the hot workability of the alloy. Therefore, the O content is 0.010% or less.
- the preferable O content is less than 0.010%, and more preferably 0.008% or less.
- the O content is preferably as low as possible.
- Ag 0.005 to 1.0%
- Silver (Ag) increases the SCC resistance of the alloy together with Cr. Ag is concentrated on the alloy surface in the corrosion reaction in the presence of hydrogen sulfide. Therefore, it is easy to form sulfide on the alloy surface. Ag forms a stable sulfide on the surface of the alloy and suppresses the entry of hydrogen sulfide into the alloy. Therefore, a Cr oxide film is easily formed on the alloy surface, and the SCC resistance of the alloy is increased. If the Ag content is too low, this effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Ag content is too high, the effect is saturated, and the hot workability of the alloy is lowered. Therefore, the Ag content is 0.005 to 1.0%.
- the minimum with preferable Ag content is higher than 0.005%, More preferably, it is 0.008%, More preferably, it is 0.01%.
- the upper limit with preferable Ag content is less than 1.0%, More preferably, it is 0.9%, More preferably, it is 0.8%. Ag is easier to form sulfides than Cu.
- the balance of the chemical composition of the oil well high alloy according to the present embodiment is composed of Fe and impurities.
- the impurities mean impurities mixed from ore as a raw material, scrap, or production environment when the alloy is industrially produced.
- the chemical composition of the oil well high alloy according to the present embodiment may further contain one or more selected from the group consisting of Ca, Mg and rare earth elements (REM).
- REM rare earth elements
- Ca 0 to 0.01%
- Mg 0 to 0.01%
- Rare earth element (REM) 0-0.2%
- Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and rare earth element (REM) are all optional elements and may not be contained. When included, these elements enhance the hot workability of the alloy. However, if the content of these elements is too high, coarse oxides are generated. Coarse oxides reduce the hot workability of the alloy. Therefore, the Ca content is 0 to 0.01%, the Mg content is 0 to 0.01%, and the REM content is 0 to 0.2%.
- a preferable lower limit of the Ca content is 0.0005%.
- the upper limit with preferable Ca content is less than 0.01%, More preferably, it is 0.008%, More preferably, it is 0.004%.
- a preferable lower limit of the Mg content is 0.0005%.
- the upper limit with preferable Mg content is less than 0.01%, More preferably, it is 0.008%, More preferably, it is 0.004%.
- the minimum with preferable REM content is 0.001%, More preferably, it is 0.003%.
- the upper limit with preferable REM content is 0.15%, More preferably, it is 0.12%, More preferably, it is 0.05%.
- REM in this specification contains at least one of Sc, Y, and lanthanoid (La of atomic number 57 to Lu of 71).
- the REM content means the total content of these elements.
- the chemical composition of the oil well high alloy according to the present embodiment further satisfies the formula (1). 5 ⁇ Cu + (1000 ⁇ Ag) 2 ⁇ 40 (1)
- the content (mass%) of each element is substituted for each element symbol.
- F1 5 ⁇ Cu + (1000 ⁇ Ag) 2 .
- F1 is an index related to SCC resistance.
- Cu and Ag concentrate on the alloy surface, particularly in the corrosion reaction in the presence of hydrogen sulfide. Therefore, it is easy to form sulfide on the alloy surface.
- Cu and Ag form a stable sulfide on the surface of the alloy. Therefore, the formation of the Cr oxide film on the alloy surface is stabilized.
- Ag significantly increases the SCC resistance compared to Cu. Therefore, define F1 as above. If F1 value is 40 or more, the SCC resistance of the high well for oil wells will increase. The minimum with preferable F1 is 200, More preferably, it is 1000.
- the chemical composition of the oil well high alloy according to the present embodiment further satisfies the formula (2).
- Expression (2) the content (mass%) of each element is substituted for each element symbol, and the total content (mass%) of the rare earth element is substituted for REM.
- F2 Cu + 6 ⁇ Ag ⁇ 500 ⁇ (Ca + Mg + REM).
- F2 is an index related to hot workability. Cu and Ag reduce hot workability.
- optional elements Ca, Mg and REM enhance the hot workability as described above. Therefore, if the F2 value is 3.5 or less, the hot workability of the oil well high alloy is enhanced.
- the upper limit with preferable F2 value is 3.0, More preferably, it is 2.4.
- the melting of the alloy is performed using, for example, an electric furnace, an argon-oxygen mixed gas bottom blowing decarburization furnace (AOD furnace), or a vacuum decarburization furnace (VOD furnace).
- AOD furnace argon-oxygen mixed gas bottom blowing decarburization furnace
- VOD furnace vacuum decarburization furnace
- An ingot may be manufactured by an ingot-making method using a molten molten metal, or a billet may be manufactured by a continuous casting method.
- An ingot or billet is hot-worked to produce a raw tube.
- the hot working is, for example, hot extrusion by the Eugene Sejurne method, Mannesmann pipe or the like.
- Solution heat treatment is performed on the raw tube manufactured by hot working.
- the temperature of the solution heat treatment is preferably higher than 1050 ° C.
- the raw pipe is cold worked to produce a high alloy pipe for oil wells having a desired strength.
- the high alloy for oil wells according to the present embodiment is cold worked.
- the degree of cold work is preferably 20% or more in terms of cross-sectional reduction rate. As a result, the strength becomes 758 MPa (110 ksi) or more.
- the high well for oil wells may be manufactured in a shape other than the pipe.
- the high alloy for oil wells may be a steel plate or other shapes.
- An alloy (molten metal) having the chemical composition shown in Table 1 was produced in a vacuum induction melting furnace.
- a 50 kg ingot was produced from each molten metal.
- the ingot was heated to 1250 ° C.
- Hot forging was performed on the heated ingot at 1200 ° C. to produce a steel plate having a thickness of 25 mm.
- a stress corrosion cracking test was performed using each collected specimen. Specifically, a four-point bending test for imparting 100% real YS (yield stress) was performed on the test piece. A common gold foil was attached to the maximum stress portion of the test piece by spot welding.
- yield strength measurement test Each steel plate other than the steel plate of test number 17 was cold-rolled. From each steel plate after cold rolling, a round bar test piece having a parallel part diameter of 6 mm was collected. Using each collected specimen, a tensile test was performed according to JIS Z2241 (2011), and the yield strength YS (0.2% yield strength) was measured.
- Table 1 shows the test results. “NF” in the “SCC” column in Table 1 means that no SCC was observed. “F” means that SCC was observed.
- the chemical compositions of the high alloys having test numbers 1 to 10 are appropriate and satisfy the formulas (1) and (2). Therefore, although the yield strength was 758 MPa or more, SCC was not observed, and excellent SCC resistance was obtained. Furthermore, the drawing ratio was 60% or more, and excellent hot workability was obtained.
- test number 1 was lower than the Cu content of test number 9. Therefore, the squeezing rate of test number 1 was higher than that of test number 9.
- the Ag content of test number 14 was too high. Furthermore, the formula (2) was not satisfied. Therefore, the drawing ratio was less than 60% and the hot workability was low.
- test number 13 The Cu content of test number 13 was too high. Furthermore, the formula (2) was not satisfied. Therefore, the drawing ratio was less than 60% and the hot workability was low.
- test number 18 The Ni content of test number 18 was too low. Therefore, SCC was observed and the SCC resistance was low.
- test number 19 The content of each element of test number 19 was appropriate. However, the chemical composition of test number 19 did not satisfy the formula (1). Therefore, SCC was observed and the SCC resistance was low.
- test number 20 The content of each element of test number 20 was appropriate. However, the chemical composition of test number 20 did not satisfy the formula (2). Therefore, the drawing ratio was less than 60% and the hot workability was low.
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Abstract
Description
5×Cu+(1000×Ag)2≧40 (1)
Cu+6×Ag-500×(Ca+Mg+REM)≦3.5 (2)
ここで、式(1)及び式(2)中の各元素記号には、各元素の含有量(質量%)が代入され、REMには、希土類元素の総含有量(質量%)が代入される。
5×Cu+(1000×Ag)2≧40 (1)
Cu+6×Ag-500×(Ca+Mg+REM)≦3.5 (2)
ここで、式(1)及び式(2)中の各元素記号には、各元素の含有量(質量%)が代入され、REMには、希土類元素の総含有量(質量%)が代入される。
本実施形態による油井用高合金の化学組成は、次の元素を含有する。
炭素(C)は、不可避的に含有される。Cは、結晶粒界にCr炭化物を形成し、合金の応力腐食割れ感受性を高める。つまり、Cは合金の耐SCC性を低下する。したがって、C含有量は0.03%以下である。C含有量の好ましい上限は0.03%未満であり、さらに好ましくは0.028%であり、さらに好ましくは0.025%である。
シリコン(Si)は合金を脱酸する。しかしながら、Si含有量が高すぎれば、合金の熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、Si含有量は1.0%以下である。Si含有量の好ましい下限は0.01%であり、より好ましくは0.05%である。Si含有量の好ましい上限は1.0%未満であり、より好ましくは0.9%であり、さらに好ましくは0.7%である。
マンガン(Mn)は合金を脱酸する。Mn含有量が低すぎれば、この効果が得られない。一方、Mn含有量が高すぎれば、合金の熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、Mn含有量は0.05~1.5%である。Mn含有量の好ましい下限は0.05%よりも高く、より好ましくは0.1%であり、さらに好ましくは0.2%である。Mn含有量の好ましい上限は1.5%未満であり、より好ましくは1.4%であり、さらに好ましくは1.2%である。
燐(P)は不純物である。硫化水素環境において、Pは合金の応力腐食割れ感受性を高める。そのため、合金の耐SCC性が低下する。したがって、P含有量は0.03%以下である。好ましいP含有量は0.03%未満であり、さらに好ましくは0.027%以下である。P含有量はなるべく低い方が好ましい。
硫黄(S)は不純物である。Sは合金の熱間加工性を低下する。したがって、S含有量は0.03%以下である。好ましいS含有量は0.03%未満であり、より好ましくは0.01%以下であり、さらに好ましくは0.005%以下である。S含有量はなるべく低い方が好ましい。
ニッケル(Ni)は、Crと共に、合金の耐SCC性を高める。硫化水素環境において、Niは合金の表面にNi硫化物を形成する。Ni硫化物により、硫化水素の合金中への侵入が抑制される。そのため、合金の表層にCr酸化皮膜が形成されやすく、合金の耐SCC性が高まる。Ni含有量が低すぎれば、上記効果が得られない。一方、Ni含有量が高すぎれば、合金のコストが高くなる。したがって、Ni含有量は26.0~40.0%である。Ni含有量の好ましい下限は27.0%よりも高く、より好ましくは28.0%である。Ni含有量の好ましい上限は40.0%未満であり、より好ましくは37.0%である。
クロム(Cr)は、Ni、Mo、Cu及びAgと共に、合金の耐SCC性を高める。Ni、Mo、Cu及びAgが硫化物を形成することにより、Crは酸化皮膜を合金の表面に形成する。Cr酸化皮膜は合金の耐SCC性を高める。Cr含有量が低すぎれば、上記効果が得られない。一方、Cr含有量が高すぎれば、上記効果が飽和し、さらに、合金の熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、Cr含有量は22.0~30.0%である。Cr含有量の好ましい下限は22.0%よりも高く、より好ましくは23.0%であり、さらに好ましくは24.0%である。Cr含有量の好ましい上限は30.0%未満であり、より好ましくは29.0%であり、さらに好ましくは28.0%である。
モリブデン(Mo)は、Crと共に、合金の耐SCC性を高める。具体的には、Moは合金の表面に硫化物を形成し、合金中への硫化水素の侵入を抑制する。そのため、合金表面にCr酸化皮膜が形成されやすくなり、合金の耐SCC性が高まる。Mo含有量が低すぎれば上記効果が得られない。一方、Mo含有量が高すぎれば、上記効果が飽和し、さらに、合金の熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、Mo含有量は0.01%以上5.0%未満である。Mo含有量の好ましい下限は0.01%よりも高く、より好ましくは0.05%であり、さらに好ましくは0.1%である。Mo含有量の好ましい上限は4.5%であり、より好ましくは4.2%であり、さらに好ましくは3.6%である。
銅(Cu)は、Crと共に、合金の耐SCC性を高める。具体的には、Cuは、硫化水素の存在下での腐食反応において、合金表面で濃化する。そのため、合金表面で硫化物を形成し易い。Cuは、合金の表面に安定な硫化物を形成し、合金中へ硫化水素が侵入するのを抑制する。そのため、合金表面にCr酸化皮膜が形成されやすくなり、合金の耐SCC性が高まる。Cu含有量が低すぎれば上記効果が得られない。一方、Cu含有量が高すぎれば、上記効果が飽和し、さらに、合金の熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、Cu含有量は0.1~3.0%である。Cu含有量の好ましい下限は0.1%よりも高く、より好ましくは0.2%であり、さらに好ましくは0.3%である。Cu含有量の好ましい上限は3.0%未満であり、より好ましくは2.5%であり、さらに好ましくは1.5%である。
アルミニウム(Al)は、合金を脱酸し、Si及びMn酸化物の生成を抑制する。Al含有量が低すぎれば、上記効果が得られない。一方、Al含有量が高すぎれば、合金の熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、Al含有量は0.001~0.30%である。Al含有量の好ましい下限は0.001%よりも高く、より好ましくは0.002%であり、さらに好ましくは0.005%である。Al含有量の好ましい上限は0.30%未満であり、より好ましくは0.25%であり、さらに好ましくは0.20%である。本明細書において、Al含有量は酸可溶Al(sol.Al)の含有量を意味する。
窒素(N)は合金に固溶して、合金の耐食性を低下させずに強度を高める。Cも合金の強度を高める。しかしながら、CはCr炭化物を形成して合金の耐食性及び耐SCC性を低下する。したがって、本実施形態の高合金ではNにより強度を高める。Nはさらに、溶体化処理が実施された合金材(例えば素管)の強度を高める。したがって、溶体化処理後において、低加工度の冷間加工を実施しても、高強度の合金材が得られる。この場合、高強度を得るために高加工度の冷間加工を実施しなくてよく、冷間加工時の延性低下による割れを抑制できる。N含有量が低すぎればこの効果は得られない。一方、N含有量が高すぎれば、合金の熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、N含有量は0.05%を超えて0.30%以下である。N含有量の好ましい下限は0.055%であり、より好ましくは0.06%であり、さらに好ましくは0.065%である。N含有量の好ましい上限は0.30%未満であり、より好ましくは0.28%であり、さらに好ましくは0.26%である。
酸素(O)は不純物である。Oは合金の熱間加工性を低下する。したがって、O含有量は0.010%以下である。好ましいO含有量は0.010%未満であり、さらに好ましくは0.008%以下である。O含有量はなるべく低い方が好ましい。
銀(Ag)はCrと共に合金の耐SCC性を高める。Agは、硫化水素の存在下での腐食反応において、合金表面で濃化する。そのため、合金表面で硫化物を形成し易い。Agは、合金の表面に安定な硫化物を形成し、合金中へ硫化水素が侵入するのを抑制する。そのため、合金表面にCr酸化皮膜が形成されやすくなり、合金の耐SCC性が高まる。Ag含有量が低すぎれば、この効果が得られない。一方、Ag含有量が高すぎれば、その効果は飽和し、さらに、合金の熱間加工性が低下する。したがって、Ag含有量は0.005~1.0%である。Ag含有量の好ましい下限は0.005%よりも高く、より好ましくは0.008%であり、さらに好ましくは0.01%である。Ag含有量の好ましい上限は1.0%未満であり、より好ましくは0.9%であり、さらに好ましくは0.8%である。AgはCuと比較して、さらに硫化物を形成し易い。
Mg:0~0.01%、
希土類元素(REM):0~0.2%
カルシウム(Ca)、マグネシウム(Mg)及び希土類元素(REM)はいずれも任意元素であり、含有されなくてもよい。含有された場合、これらの元素は、合金の熱間加工性を高める。しかしながら、これらの元素含有量が高すぎれば、粗大な酸化物が生成する。粗大な酸化物は、合金の熱間加工性を低下する。したがって、Ca含有量は0~0.01%であり、Mg含有量は0~0.01%であり、REM含有量は0~0.2%である。Ca含有量の好ましい下限は0.0005%である。Ca含有量の好ましい上限は0.01%未満であり、より好ましくは0.008%であり、さらに好ましくは0.004%である。Mg含有量の好ましい下限は0.0005%である。Mg含有量の好ましい上限は0.01%未満であり、より好ましくは0.008%であり、さらに好ましくは0.004%である。REM含有量の好ましい下限は0.001%であり、より好ましくは0.003%である。REM含有量の好ましい上限は0.15%であり、より好ましくは0.12%であり、さらに好ましくは0.05%である。
5×Cu+(1000×Ag)2≧40 (1)
ここで、式(1)において、各元素記号には、各元素の含有量(質量%)が代入される。
Cu+6×Ag-500×(Ca+Mg+REM)≦3.5 (2)
ここで、式(2)において、各元素記号には、各元素の含有量(質量%)が代入され、REMには、希土類元素の総含有量(質量%)が代入される。
上述の油井用高合金の製造方法の一例を説明する。本例では、油井用高合金管の製造方法を説明する。
上記鋼板から、JIS G0567(2012)に準拠した丸棒試験片を採取した。丸棒試験片の平行部の直径は10mmであり、平行部の長さは100mmであった。丸棒試験片を900℃で10分間均熱した。その後、加熱された丸棒試験片に対して、高温引張試験を実施した。引張試験における歪み速度は0.3%/分であった。試験結果から、各試験番号の試験片の絞り率(%)を求めた。
各試験番号の鋼板に対して1090℃で溶体化熱処理を実施した。溶体化熱処理後の鋼板を水冷した。溶体化熱処理後の鋼板に対して35%の圧下率で冷間圧延を実施した。冷間圧延後の鋼板から、厚さ2mm、幅10mm、長さ75mmの試験片を採取した。試験番号17においては、冷間圧延を行わなかった。
試験番号17の鋼板以外の各鋼板に冷間圧延を施した。冷間圧延後の各鋼板から、平行部の直径が6mmの丸棒試験片を採取した。採取された各試験片を用いて、JIS Z2241(2011)に則り引張試験を実施し、降伏強度YS(0.2%耐力)を測定した。
表1に試験結果を示す。表1中の「SCC」欄の「NF」はSCCが観察されなかったことを意味する。「F」はSCCが観察されたことを意味する。
Claims (2)
- 質量%で、
C:0.03%以下、
Si:1.0%以下、
Mn:0.05~1.5%、
P:0.03%以下、
S:0.03%以下、
Ni:26.0~40.0%、
Cr:22.0~30.0%、
Mo:0.01%以上5.0%未満、
Cu:0.1~3.0%、
Al:0.001~0.30%、
N:0.05%を超えて0.30%以下、
O:0.010%以下、
Ag:0.005~1.0%、
Ca:0~0.01%、
Mg:0~0.01%、及び、
希土類元素:0~0.2%を含有し、残部はFe及び不純物からなり、
下記式(1)及び式(2)を満たす化学組成を有し、
降伏強度が758MPa以上である、油井用高合金。
5×Cu+(1000×Ag)2≧40 (1)
Cu+6×Ag-500×(Ca+Mg+REM)≦3.5 (2)
ここで、式(1)及び式(2)中の各元素記号には、各元素の含有量(質量%)が代入され、REMには、希土類元素の総含有量(質量%)が代入される。 - 請求項1に記載の油井用高合金であって、
Ca:0.0005~0.01%、
Mg:0.0005~0.01%、及び、
希土類元素:0.001~0.2%からなる群から選択される1種又は2種以上を含有する、油井用高合金。
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| EP15745987.6A EP3103888B1 (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2015-02-05 | High alloy for oil well use, high alloy pipe, steel plate and production method of a high alloy pipe |
| US15/112,508 US10280487B2 (en) | 2014-02-07 | 2015-02-05 | High alloy for oil well |
| ES15745987T ES2697923T3 (es) | 2014-02-07 | 2015-02-05 | Alta aleación para uso en pozo de petróleo, tubería de alta aleación, placa de acero y método de producción de una tubería de alta aleación |
| JP2015512947A JP5768950B1 (ja) | 2014-02-07 | 2015-02-05 | 油井用高合金 |
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| JP7307370B2 (ja) * | 2019-10-10 | 2023-07-12 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 合金材および油井用継目無管 |
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| JPH11189848A (ja) * | 1997-12-25 | 1999-07-13 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 耐硫酸腐食性に優れたオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼 |
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| JPS6383248A (ja) | 1986-09-25 | 1988-04-13 | Nkk Corp | 耐応力腐食割れ性に優れた油井管用高Ni合金およびその製造法 |
| JPH0792906B2 (ja) | 1988-06-30 | 1995-10-09 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 磁気記録再生装置の回転ヘッドアセンブリ |
| JP3235383B2 (ja) | 1994-12-26 | 2001-12-04 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 低硫化水素環境での耐食性に優れた高Cr−高Ni合金 |
| JP2002241900A (ja) * | 1997-08-13 | 2002-08-28 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 耐硫酸腐食性と加工性に優れたオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼 |
| JP3650951B2 (ja) | 1998-04-24 | 2005-05-25 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 耐応力腐食割れ性に優れた油井用継目無鋼管 |
| JP5208354B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-11 | 2013-06-12 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼 |
| JP5071384B2 (ja) * | 2006-05-30 | 2012-11-14 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼 |
| JP5217277B2 (ja) * | 2007-07-20 | 2013-06-19 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 高合金管の製造方法 |
| CN102400065A (zh) * | 2010-09-07 | 2012-04-04 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 一种高韧性超高强油井用无缝钢管及其制造方法 |
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| US10280487B2 (en) | 2019-05-07 |
| JPWO2015118866A1 (ja) | 2017-03-23 |
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