WO2015123711A1 - Textile composite material and method for producing same - Google Patents

Abstract

Textile composite material comprising a textile material embedded in a matrix (4), wherein said textile material has an aperiodic woven structure and one or more layers of said material are introduced into the matrix (4) such as to form a composite, the textile material being made using the inductive rotation (IR) method.

Description

 Textile composite and process for its production

The invention generally relates to textile composites or their preparation using textile fabrics, such as e.g. made of carbon fibers, glass fibers, synthetic fibers, natural fibers, etc. in combination with materials such. As plastics, concrete, etc., can serve for reinforcement or reinforcement.

More particularly, the invention relates to a method of producing textile composites wherein textile material is embedded in a matrix; Furthermore, the invention relates to a textile composite material embedded in a matrix textile material; and the use of a technical textile material for the production of a textile

Composite material.

The invention seeks to make textile composite materials crack-resistant or tear-resistant and overall more robust against faulty loads and defects in the material.

The technique according to the invention relating to textile composite materials or with regard to their production is distinguished in particular by the fact that a technical textile material with an aperiodic fabric structure is combined in one or more layers in the matrix, wherein the textile material is produced by the method of inductive rotation (IR) becomes. The permanent one

Oscillation of loose and dense reinforcement or reinforcement in aperiodic order justifies an irregularity or

Inhomogeneity in the composite material.

 The production of textile material by the method of

Inductive rotation (IR) takes place by means of computer-controlled weaving machines, cf. in particular also AT 512 060 A. Of particular advantage is when technical textiles, the one

Combination of periodic and aperiodic tissue structures have in the bedding matrix multilayered in combination. It is also advantageous if a combination of technical textiles, which each have an aperiodic fabric structure, is brought into multilayer composite in the bedding matrix.

The invention further relates to the use of a technical textile material with aperiodic fabric structure, produced by means of computer-controlled looms by the method of inductive rotation, for embedding in a matrix for producing a textile composite material.

In the present technique, the textile

Composites Structures with aperiodic differences in weaving density. In particular, by a composite with several layers of differently aperiodically woven and thus tear-resistant textiles, there is a three-dimensional inhomogeneity of the material structure and a higher

Crack resistance. As a result of aperiodically occurring loose

Reinforcements or reinforcements - and thus planned aperiodically occurring "predetermined breaking points" - is simultaneously the

Stress energy not locally effective, but derived along these sites in the material, i. "Delocalized", making the composite more robust overall

Faulty loads, since each directional loading force loses and weakens due to the aperiodically occurring predetermined breaking points in constantly changing directions. Thus it comes to the delocalization of the damage of defects in the material and thus the fault tolerance.

In the present technique, all processes for the production of textile composites are applicable, which in the bedding matrix of the respective material one or more layers aperiodically woven textiles - and thus not one or more layers periodically woven textiles alone (such as woven in plain weave textiles) - can bring together. In addition, however, a combined superimposition of periodic and aperiodic tissues in the production of composite materials can be applied to those previously periodically woven

Textiles related materials to improve without losing their previous basic structures. These methods are preferably applicable in the production of fiber composites, but also in layered composites, wherein the

Components of a composite itself

Composite materials can be.

In the production of aperiodically woven textiles, the recursive methods of inductive rotation (IR) according to AT 512 060 A can be applied, wherein, above all, the three-step IR method is of importance for the present tissue production. This involves a tissue using a computer-controlled

Weaving machine made using a fabric pattern with a

square basic figure, which corresponds to a crossing point of threads, is repeatedly arranged in the tissue, as will be explained in more detail below.

The computer control takes place in such a way that at one

square starting figure, which consists of several square basic figures, thus several crossing points of threads,

composed, in one side center one edge-sided

Rotation point is set to the then three copies of this output figure successively rotated by 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° and positioned in a fan-like manner one behind the other

to obtain a composite figure, which in turn is then set as a starting figure for a corresponding subsequent fan-like composition of its successively rotated by 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° copies, so iteratively develop arbitrarily large figures from crossing points of threads corresponding to the tissue, wherein in the tissue, the threads cross each other aperiodically and asymmetrically above and below. The basic figures are not invariant upon rotation. Due to a precise overlap of the figures, the three-step IR method simultaneously generates a second, parallel, hidden, aperiodic and asymmetric tissue pattern, a background tissue pattern lying exactly behind and distinct from that visible in the foreground

Fabric pattern is. In addition, the background fabric pattern can be bonded as a second overlaying fabric and significantly strengthen the composite three-dimensionally.

For further explanation, reference is made to AT 512 060 A.

A fiber composite generally consists of two

Main components: a bedding matrix and reinforcing

Fibers. Through mutual interactions of the two

Components, this material receives higher quality properties than each of the two individually involved components has for itself.

In contrast to composite materials such as reinforced concrete, the introduction of (extremely) thin fibers makes use, inter alia, of the effect of a specific strength. To the strength in

To influence different directions, instead of individual fibers tissue or scrims are used, which are made prior to contact with the matrix.

In addition to fabrics made of carbon, ceramic, aramid, boron, basalt, steel, natural and nylon fibers are there above all

Fiberglass fabrics, which are used in conjunction with plastic, but also concrete, metal, ceramics and carbon. In particular, the fiber-plastic composite materials are

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP), aramid fiber reinforced plastic (AFK), natural fiber reinforced plastic (NFK) and Wood-Plastic-Composites (WPC).

In the production of composites with textile fabrics in addition to the material properties of the components in the

In general, their geometry also has a meaning (size, shape, etc.). The geometric relationships with regard to their

Periodic and aperiodic structural order, but so far in particular in the network theory, a design method for fiber-plastic composites, disregarded.

For additional illustration, the present method will be described below by way of example in connection with

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) and textile-reinforced concrete (textile concrete) and closer to the drawing

explained. In detail, in the drawing:

Figures la to lc schematically show various stages of a 3-step IR method;

Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 for additional illustration

schematic representations similar to Figure lc, but with varied basic figures to illustrate different rotations and of aperiodically crossing lines as a schematic illustration of the respective tissue. FIGS. 4a to 4e show a fabric which is aperiodically woven, in a schematic section (FIG. 4a), in a schematic plan view (FIG. 4b) and with a schematic representation of basic elements (FIGS. 4c-4e); FIGS. 5a and 5b show a schematic section and a schematic plan view, respectively, of a periodic tissue; 5c shows several layers of such a periodic fabric according to FIGS. 5a and 5b; Figures 6a to 6e representations - similar to Figure 4a to 4e - another aperiodic tissue. and FIGS. 7a and 7b show a schematic sectional view and FIG

schematic plan view of a double tissue, created by the superposition of tissues according to FIG. 4 and FIG. 6.

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) refers to a fiber-plastic composite material in which carbon fibers, usually in several layers, are embedded as reinforcement in a plastic matrix.

The matrix consists, for example, of duromers, e.g. Epoxy resin, thermoplastics or biopolymers. For thermal

highly loaded components, the carbon fiber can also be bound in a ceramic matrix.

The strength of a CFRP composite, as with all fiber-matrix composites, is significantly higher in the fiber direction than transverse to the fiber direction. The strength is transverse to the fiber

less than an unreinforced matrix. Therefore, individual fiber layers are laid in different directions. To influence the strength in different directions, mostly woven fiber textiles - so far in periodic

Plain weave (see Fig. 5) - used, which are produced before the contact with the matrix and also superimposed (see Fig. 5c) come together.

Textile concrete uses technical textiles, usually scrims. As fiber material textiles are made

Hochleistungsendlosfasern such. B. alkali-resistant glass or carbon, which has the great advantage of not rusting. It is now envisaged the use of textile fabrics from yarns of such fiber materials, which in turn consist of many continuous filaments and to

lattice-like aperiodic weave structures. The overlapping of two or more such aperiodic textiles in combination with high-strength fine concrete in a sandwich method results in three-dimensionally inhomogeneous, crack-resistant textile concrete, which, due to the delocalization of the damage, is significantly more robust against incorrect loads and imperfections in the fine concrete than conventional textile concrete.

In the present technique, aperiodically woven fiber textiles are used by computer-controlled textile machines according to the three-step IR method. By multiple superimposition of such textile fabric occurs in the composite three-dimensional in all directions to aperiodic fiber reinforcement or material reinforcement. By this aperiodic reinforcement a higher crack resistance of the composite material is achieved, and above all, given by the delocalization of the damage greater tolerance to incorrect loads. This just helps to produce high performance engineering components and can save the most expensive treatments and coatings of the fibers to achieve this strength.

Because in the three-step IR method different

Starting figures (= prototypes) have different aperiodicities of the textile bond result, so the

Production method and the geometry of the textiles vary according to the starting figure used and are tailor-made for a wide variety of applications.

The basic procedure in the three-step IR method is exemplary in general with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 exemplifying the output figures of each iteration are rotated clockwise and the central eastern, ie rightmost point of the starting figures is set as a rotation point.

In Fig la a square basic figure Q is shown, which consists of several square basic figures, ie several

Crossing points of threads, composed. This basic figure Q is copied as shown in FIG. Lb in successive steps and rotated by the basic figure position, cf. the steps

R (0), RO), R3 ^X (0), (0) / R ^{, v,} (0) = Rl. The more complex figure R (1) thus obtained can be correspondingly converted into a more complicated figure by copying and rotating, cf. the steps or iterations of the recursion Q, R (l), R (2), R (3) in Fig. Lc.

In Figures 2 and 3 of Fig. Lc are corresponding

Tissue structure representations, for better illustration on the one hand with different arrows and on the other hand in the form of crosshairs, illustrated.

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. Lc, wherein the

Output figure Q for the three-step IR method in with

subdivided into different arrows, so as to better the achievable pattern - also with regard to the asymmetry and aperiodicity in the present weaving process

illustrate .

Fig. 3 is also a view similar to Fig. 1c, illustrating the manufacture of an aperiodic fabric as shown in Figs. 4a and 4b; where the output figure Q for fabric fabrication according to the three-step IR method is formed from a set of four-weave nodes corresponding to four weave intersection points; see. also Fig. 4c, 4d, 4e. It arises a network of lines (dark lines correspond to threads) traversing each other aperiodically below or above; see. Fig. 4b.

Aperiodic differences in web density lead to

corresponding aperiodic textile concentrations.

From the State Research Institute for Textile and Computer Science, Vienna, was the examination of one according to the three-step IR method using a computer-controlled Jacquard loom

aperiodic woven fabric according to EN ISO standards, s. following test report (table). In the table, this aperiodic woven fabric having the weave structure as shown in Fig. 6b is referred to as "IR prototype."

Exemplary use of "Tencel" viscose staple fibers was compared to periodic fabrics such as crepe and crepe

Twill weaves of the same warp and weft density are higher

Tear strength in both warp and weft direction determined. Moreover, due to the aperiodically occurring loose weave densities, this test, as would be expected, exhibited a blatantly higher air permeability. It remained the

Maximum tensile force in the warp direction equal or slightly increased even in the weft direction.

 Source: State Research Institute for Textile and Computer Science, Vienna, 9.1.2014

In the composite material, therefore, a higher crack resistance and at the same time a higher fault tolerance is to be expected, above all as a result of the aperiodically woven-in predetermined breaking points (delocalization of the loading force or distribution of the damage to the material as a whole).

Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of a section of aperiodic tissue, obtained on the basis of

Configuration according to FIG. 3; It is in Fig. 4a a

schematic cross section through this aperiodic textile fabric and in Fig. 4b shows a schematic plan view of this tissue. Figures 4c, 4d and 4e schematically illustrate the corresponding square units of this aperiodic fabric.

As can be seen from FIGS. 4 a and 4 b, textile fibers 1, namely warp threads 2 and weft threads 3, are embedded in an embedding matrix 4, as a result of which a composite material 5 is obtained. The aperiodicity of the resulting composite material 5 according to FIGS. 4a and 4b results directly from a comparison with the periodic fabric according to FIGS. 5a and 5b, in which a respective warp or weft thread alternately crosses a weft or warp thread above and below , Also in FIGS. 5a and 5b, in the periodical fabric shown, the textile fibers 1, namely warp threads 2 and weft threads 3, are embedded in a matrix 4 so as to obtain a corresponding composite material 5.

Several such fabric layers can be arranged spatially one above the other so as to obtain a textile composite material 5 in 3D format by this superimposition, s. Fig. 5c, where the individual - here periodic, regular tissue layers are embedded in a matrix 4.

By comparing FIG. 4b (also FIG. 4a) with FIG. 5b (or FIG. 5a), the difference between an aperiodic tissue structure (FIG. 4) and one immediately results

periodic structure (Fig. 5).

In FIGS. 6a and 6b, in corresponding views (schematic sectional view or schematic plan view), analogous to FIG. 4a and 4b, a further aperiodic tissue structure is shown

which was generated by other output figures as shown in Figs. 6c, 6d and 6e.

In Fig. 7a and 7b, finally, a textile composite material 5 ^{λ is} illustrated by the superposition of two

differently aperiodisch woven textiles, namely as shown in Fig. 4 and 6, is formed. The two fabric layers are denoted by A and B, in each case one again embedding matrix 4 for the embedding of warp threads 2 and weft threads 3 are given.

Claims

claims 1. A method for producing textile composite materials, wherein textile material is embedded in a matrix (4), characterized in that in the matrix (4) a technical textile material with aperiodic fabric structure is brought together in one or more layers, wherein the textile material is produced by the method of inductive rotation (IR). 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that technical textiles, which have a combination of periodic and aperiodic tissue structures, in the Bedding matrix (4) be brought together in several layers. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a combination of technical textiles (A, B), which each have an aperiodic tissue structure, in the bedding matrix (4) is brought into multilayer composite. 4. Textile composite material in a matrix (4) embedded textile material, characterized in that in the matrix (4) a technical textile material with aperiodic fabric structure is brought in one or more layers in combination, wherein the textile material is produced by the method of inductive rotation (IR). 5. Textile composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that technical textiles, a Combination of periodic and aperiodic Have tissue structures in the bedding matrix (4) are brought together in multiple layers. 6. Textile composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that technical textiles (A, B), which each have an aperiodic fabric structure, in the bedding matrix (4) are brought together in multiple layers. 7. Use of a technical textile material with Aperiodic fabric structure, produced by computer-controlled method of inductive rotation, for embedding in a matrix (4), for the production of a textile Composite material.