WO2015124536A2 - Procede et systeme d'inertage d'une paroi d'une cuve de stockage d'un gaz combustible liquefie - Google Patents
Procede et systeme d'inertage d'une paroi d'une cuve de stockage d'un gaz combustible liquefie Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015124536A2 WO2015124536A2 PCT/EP2015/053234 EP2015053234W WO2015124536A2 WO 2015124536 A2 WO2015124536 A2 WO 2015124536A2 EP 2015053234 W EP2015053234 W EP 2015053234W WO 2015124536 A2 WO2015124536 A2 WO 2015124536A2
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- thermally insulating
- inerting
- insulating barrier
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
- F17C3/085—Cryostats
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
- F17C13/126—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures for large storage containers for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
- F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
- F17C3/10—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by liquid-circulating or vapour-circulating jackets
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
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- F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
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- F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0325—Aerogel
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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- F17C2203/0329—Foam
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- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
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- F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
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- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
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- F17C2203/0341—Perlite
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- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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- F17C2203/0345—Fibres
- F17C2203/035—Glass wool
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0375—Thermal insulations by gas
- F17C2203/0379—Inert
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
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- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
- F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
- F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
- F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
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- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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- F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
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- F17C2250/043—Pressure
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- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
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Definitions
- the invention relates to the inerting of a sealed and thermally insulating tank wall for containing a liquefied fuel gas.
- the invention can in particular be applied to the inerting of membrane cell walls which are used for the storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG).
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- Sealed and thermally insulating tanks are known for the storage of liquefied natural gas, comprising a tank wall having successively, in the thickness direction, from the inside to the outside of the tank, a primary waterproofing membrane. intended to be in contact with the liquefied natural gas, a primary thermally insulating barrier, a secondary sealing membrane, a secondary thermally insulating barrier and a bearing structure defining the general shape of the vessel.
- the sealing membranes of such a tank may leak leading to the passage of liquefied natural gas from the interior of the tank to the thermally insulating barriers, primary and secondary.
- a combustible gas is in the presence of an oxidizing gas and the concentration of combustible gas is in a concentration range between its lower explosive limit (LEL) and its upper explosive limit (LSE) and that the oxidizing gas is in a suitable concentration range, the combustible gas is likely to ignite and explode.
- the thermally insulating barriers under an inert atmosphere by circulating nitrogen within these barriers.
- the combustible and oxidizing gases which could be present in the thermally insulating barriers, are diluted in such a way that the explosive conditions are not reached.
- the pressure inside the thermally insulating barriers must be maintained above a minimum pressure, generally of the order of 80 KPa so that the inert nature of the thermally insulating barrier can be reliably monitored.
- the gas flow rates inside the thermally insulating barriers must also be maintained above a minimum flow rate.
- An idea underlying the invention is to provide a method and a system for inerting a tank wall for containing a liquefied combustible gas which are reliable and increase the insulating capacity of the tank.
- the invention provides a method of inerting a wall of a sealed and thermally insulating tank intended to contain a liquefied fuel gas, in which the wall has a multilayer structure comprising two impervious barriers and a barrier thermally insulating device disposed between the two impervious barriers, said thermally insulating barrier comprising insulating solids and a gaseous phase, said method providing:
- threshold pressure Ps less than a threshold pressure Ps, said threshold pressure Ps being less than a flammable limit pressure Pi of the fuel gas
- the first mode of inerting makes it possible, on the one hand, to ensure the inert nature of the gaseous phase present in the thermally insulating barrier since it is placed at a pressure lower than the flammable limit pressure of the combustible gas.
- the method provides as soon as a threshold pressure Ps is reached, to switch to a second mode of operation, wherein the thermally insulating barrier is swept by an inert gas to sufficiently dilute the fuel gas and / or oxidant so that the explosive conditions are not reached.
- the term inerting process of a thermally insulating barrier a method for ensuring that the gas phase contained in said thermally insulating barrier is not placed in explosive or flammable conditions a combustible gas.
- such a method may include one or more of the following features:
- a regulating device puts into operation a pumping device for placing the gaseous phase of the thermally insulating barrier under the negative reference pressure P1.
- the threshold pressure Ps is less than 17000 Pa.
- the threshold pressure Ps is less than the partial pressure of said combustible gas, at atmospheric pressure, in a gaseous mixture comprising a concentration of the fuel gas corresponding to the lower explosive limit of said fuel gas in the air, at 25 ° C. .
- the threshold pressure Ps is between 20 and 35% of the partial pressure of said combustible gas, at atmospheric pressure, in a gaseous mixture comprising a concentration of the fuel gas corresponding to the lower explosive limit of said fuel gas in the air; at 25 ° C.
- the threshold pressure Ps is 30% of the partial pressure of said combustible gas, at atmospheric pressure, in a gaseous mixture comprising a concentration of the fuel gas corresponding to the lower explosive limit of said combustible gas in the air, at 25.degree. ° C. the threshold pressure Ps is less than the partial pressure of the air, at atmospheric pressure, in a gaseous mixture comprising an air concentration corresponding to an oxygen concentration equal to a minimum concentration of oxygen allowing the flammability combustible gas.
- the thermally insulating barrier is swept with an inert gas at atmospheric pressure.
- the fuel gas is chosen from the group consisting of methane, ethane, n-butane, propane, ethylene and their mixtures.
- the tank is for storing the combustible gas in the liquid state.
- the fuel gas is stored in the tank at a temperature between - 163 ° C and 0 ° C, and more particularly at a temperature of about -163 ° C in the tank when the fuel gas is a liquefied natural gas stored at atmospheric pressure.
- the inert gas is selected from the group consisting of dinitrogen, helium, argon and mixtures thereof.
- one of the impervious barriers consists of a supporting structure, the other impervious barrier consists of a secondary metal membrane and the thermally insulating barrier is a secondary thermal insulating barrier,
- the multilayer structure further comprising a primary metal membrane; intended to be in contact with the combustible gas stored inside the tank and a primary thermally insulating barrier disposed between the primary metal membrane and the secondary metal membrane, said primary heat-insulating barrier comprising insulating solids and a gas phase, the method further comprising:
- a regulating device puts into operation a pumping device for placing the gaseous phase of the primary thermally insulating barrier under a negative reference pressure P1 ' lower than a threshold pressure Ps ', said threshold pressure Ps' being lower than the flammability limit pressure Pi of the fuel gas;
- the second mode of inerting providing for sweeping the primary thermally insulating barrier with an inert gas.
- the threshold pressure Ps is variable and the threshold pressure Ps is assigned a first value as long as the first inerting mode of the primary thermally insulating barrier is implemented and the threshold pressure Ps is assigned a second value in response to the detection of a gas phase pressure of the primary thermally insulating barrier exceeding the threshold pressure Ps'.
- the invention also provides a system for inerting a wall of a sealed and thermally insulating tank intended to contain a liquefied fuel gas, in which the wall has a multilayer structure comprising two impervious barriers and a thermally insulating barrier disposed between the two impervious barriers, said thermally insulating barrier comprising insulating solids and a gaseous phase, the inerting system comprising:
- a pumping device arranged to place the gas phase of the thermally insulating barrier under a negative relative pressure P1 lower than a threshold pressure Ps, said threshold pressure Ps being less than a flammable limit pressure P1 of the fuel gas;
- a pressure sensor capable of supplying a signal representative of the pressure of the gas phase inside the thermally insulating barrier
- an inert gas injection equipment connected, on the one hand, to an inert gas storage tank and / or an inert gas generator, and, on the other hand, to an inert gas supply duct, inside the thermally insulating barrier;
- a steering unit able to:
- such an inerting system may comprise one or more of the following characteristics:
- the inert gas injection equipment is connected to a nitrogen generator.
- the inerting system comprises a gas analyzer for measuring a concentration of combustible gas in the gas phase.
- the invention also provides a sealed and thermally insulating vessel intended to contain a liquefied combustible gas having a wall having a multilayer structure comprising two watertight barriers and a thermally insulating barrier disposed between the two watertight barriers, said heat barrier.
- insulating material comprising insulating solids and a gaseous phase, and an inerting system mentioned above.
- one of the impervious barriers consists of a supporting structure and the other impervious barrier consists of a secondary metal membrane, the multilayer structure further comprising a primary metal membrane intended to be in contact with each other. with the combustible gas stored inside the vessel and a thermally insulating barrier disposed between the primary metal membrane and the secondary metal membrane.
- Such a tank can be part of a land storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tank, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) , a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
- FSRU floating storage and regasification unit
- FPSO floating production and remote storage unit
- a vessel for transporting a fluid comprises a tank mentioned above.
- the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a fluid is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the tank of the vessel. ship.
- the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating storage facility. or terrestrial and a pump for driving fluid through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of a tank equipped with an inerting system.
- Figure 2 is a graph illustrating the influence of pressure and temperature on the flammability limits of methane in the air.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a tank of cut-off LNG carrier that can be equipped with an inerting system and a loading / unloading terminal for this tank.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a tank 1 for storing a fuel gas.
- Each wall of the vessel 1 comprises a multilayer structure comprising, from the outside towards the inside of the vessel 1, a carrier structure 2 defining the general shape of the vessel 1, a secondary thermally insulating barrier 3 comprising insulating elements against the carrier structure 2, a secondary sealing membrane 4, a primary thermally insulating barrier 5 comprising insulating elements resting against the secondary sealing membrane 4 and a primary sealing membrane 6 intended to be in contact with the liquefied fuel gas contained in the tank 1.
- the supporting structure 2 may in particular be a self-supporting metal sheet and / or be formed by the hull or the double hull of a ship.
- Thermally insulating barriers 3, 5 comprise insulating solids and a gas phase.
- the thermally insulating barriers 3, 5 are formed of heat insulating boxes, not shown.
- the boxes include a bottom panel and a cover panel, for example plywood, and a plurality of spacers interposed between the bottom and top panels. Compartments for housing a heat-insulating lining are provided between the spacers.
- the heat insulating lining may be made of any material having appropriate thermal insulation properties.
- the heat-insulating lining is chosen from materials such as perlite, glass wool, polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam, polyvinyl chloride foam, aerogels or others.
- the primary and secondary waterproofing membranes 4, 6 consist, for example, of a continuous sheet of metal strakes with raised edges, said strakes being welded by their raised edges on parallel welding supports, fixed on the lid of the boxes. .
- the primary and secondary waterproofing membranes 4, 6 are gas and liquid tight.
- the supporting structure 2 is also waterproof. Therefore, within the meaning of the present description and the claims, the term “sealed barrier” covers both the waterproofing membranes 4, 6 and the supporting structure 2.
- the secondary heat-insulating barrier 3 is arranged in a a sealed space which is isolated from the ambient pressure, on the one hand, by a first sealed barrier constituted by the secondary sealing membrane 4, on the other hand, by a second sealed barrier constituted by the supporting structure 2.
- the combustible gas is a liquefied gas, that is, a chemical body or a mixture of chemical bodies that has been placed in a liquid phase at low temperature and would occur in a vapor phase under normal temperature and temperature conditions. pressure.
- the liquefied gas 3 can in particular be a liquefied natural gas (LNG), that is to say a gaseous mixture comprising mainly methane and one or more other hydrocarbons, such as ethane, propane, n- butane, ⁇ -butane, n-pentane, i-pentane, and nitrogen in a small proportion.
- Liquefied natural gas is stored at atmospheric pressure at a temperature of about -162 ° C.
- the fuel gas may also be ethane or a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), that is to say a mixture of hydrocarbons from petroleum refining comprising mainly propane and n-butane.
- the fuel gas may also be ethylene.
- the inerting process is more particularly intended to ensure the inerting of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 3.
- the gas phase contained in the thermally insulating barrier 3 is maintained around a set pressure P1 lower than a flammable limit pressure Pi of the fuel gas.
- a flammable limit pressure Pi below which a combustible gas is no longer flammable.
- the set pressure P1 is an absolute pressure lower than the ambient atmospheric pressure, that is to say a negative relative pressure.
- Figure 2 illustrates, by way of example, the flammability limits of methane in air as a function of pressure and temperature. It is thus observed that the flammable limit pressure Pi of methane in air is, at 25 ° C., of the order of 130 mm of Mercury, ie 17331 Pa. Also, whatever the proportions of fuel gas and oxygen in the gas phase of the thermally insulating barrier 3, it is not likely to ignite and explode when placed at such a set pressure P1, less than the pressure Flammability limit Pi of the combustible gas.
- This first mode of inerting also has the advantage of increasing the insulating power of the thermally insulating barrier 3.
- the table below represents the orders of magnitude of the flammable limit pressures in air at 25 ° C of different combustible gases.
- the inerting system comprises a pumping device 7 connected by a pipe 8 to the thermally insulating barrier 3.
- the pumping device 7 comprises one or more vacuum pumps able to allow maintain the thermally insulating barrier 3 under a low pressure, of the order of a few hundred or thousands of Pascal.
- the vacuum pumping device is for example a staged or series set of vane pumps and Roots pumps.
- the system also comprises a pressure sensor 9 for delivering a signal representative of the pressure of the gas phase inside the thermally insulating barrier 3.
- the pressure sensor 9 is connected to a pressure regulating device for controlling the pumping device 7 as a function of the set pressure P1.
- the regulating device is capable of operating the pumping device 7 when the pressure measured by the pressure sensor 9 is greater than the set pressure P1 and stopping the pumping device 7 when the measured pressure is less than the set pressure P1.
- the control device is advantageously equipped with a hysteresis to improve the stability of the regulation.
- the device The regulation may optionally be integrated with the pumping device 7 or be integrated with a control unit 10 of the inerting system.
- the inerting system is also adapted to operate in a second mode in which the inerting of the thermally insulating barrier 3 is ensured, at atmospheric pressure, by an inert gas sweep.
- This second mode of inerting corresponds to a degraded mode of operation which is particularly adapted when there occurs a loss of tightness of one of the sealed barriers 2, 4 bordering the thermally insulating barrier 3.
- the thermally insulating barrier 3 is no longer isolated from the ambient pressure and it thus becomes impossible to maintain a negative relative pressure lower than a threshold pressure Ps.
- the inerting system comprises an inert gas injection equipment 11 for sweeping the thermally insulating barrier 3 with an inert gas.
- the injection equipment 11 comprises a tank of pressurized inert gas 12 connected to an inert gas supply pipe 14 opening inside the thermally insulating barrier 3.
- the pressurized inert gas tank 12 is connected. to the pipe 14 by a valve 16 for regulating the flow and / or the pressure of the injection of inert gas inside the thermally insulating barrier 3.
- the size of the inert gas reservoir 12 under pressure must be sufficient so that, in case of leakage of one and / or the other of the sealed barriers 2, 4 bordering the secondary heat-insulating barrier 3, the injection equipment 11 is able to ensure sufficient dilution of the gas fuel and / or oxidizing gas in order not to reach the explosive limit concentrations.
- the reservoir 12 must in particular be able to store an amount of inert gas substantially equivalent to the quantity of gaseous phase contained at atmospheric pressure in the thermally insulating barrier 3.
- the inert gas is selected from the group consisting of dinitrogen, helium, argon and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the inert gas used is dinitrogen.
- the inerting system comprises an inert gas generator in addition to or in lieu of the tank of inert gas under pressure 12.
- the gas generator inert can notably be a nitrogen generator for extracting dinitrogen from the surrounding air.
- the pipe 14 may also be equipped with an additional pump 13, optional, to ensure the injection of inert gas, especially when the injection equipment is equipped with an inert gas generator.
- the inerting system also comprises a control unit 10 connected to the pressure sensor 9, to the pumping device 7 and to the inert gas injection equipment 11.
- the function of the control unit 10 is notably to trigger automatically the second mode of inerting when the first mode of inerting can not be implemented under satisfactory safety conditions, because of a leakage loss of one and / or the other of the impervious barriers 2 , 4 bordering the thermally insulating barrier 3.
- the control unit 10 is able to receive and process the signal representative of the pressure of the gaseous phase of the thermally insulating barrier 3 generated by the pressure sensor 9.
- the control unit 0 compares the pressure P of the gas phase inside the thermally insulating barrier 3 to a threshold pressure Ps, higher than the set pressure P1.
- the control unit 10 automatically switches from the first inerting mode to the second inerting mode.
- the control unit 10 generates a start-up signal of the inert gas injection equipment 11 and a stop signal of the pumping device 7.
- the control unit 10 is also able to generate an alarm signal, upon detection of a threshold pressure overshoot Ps.
- the threshold pressure Ps and consequently the set pressure P1 of the pumping device 7, must be judiciously chosen according to the nature of the fuel gas contained in the tank 1 in order to ensure the safety of the return of the gas phase to the atmospheric pressure under the effect of the injection of inert gas.
- the threshold pressure Ps must indeed be defined in such a way that, when a leakage occurs, the gaseous phase in the thermally insulating barrier 3 is not likely to comprise combustible gas and / or oxidizing gas in proportions that would be likely to be included in the explosive zone when the gaseous phase will return to atmospheric pressure as a result of the injection of inert gas.
- the threshold pressure Ps is less than the partial pressure of the combustible gas, at atmospheric pressure, at a concentration corresponding to the lower explosive limit of said combustible gas in the air, at 25 ° C. vs.
- the lower flammability limit of methane is 5% by volume at atmospheric pressure (101,325 Pa) and at 25 ° C.
- the methane partial pressure corresponding to a volume concentration of 5% methane at atmospheric pressure is therefore about 5 066 Pa.
- a quantity of methane corresponding to the lower explosive limit of the methane, the atmospheric pressure was to constitute alone the entire gas phase contained in the thermally insulating barrier 3, its pressure would be 5,066 Pa.
- the pressure P of the gas phase in the thermally insulating barrier 3 is less than 5,066 Pa, there is no risk that the concentration of methane once returned to atmospheric pressure of 101,325 Pa reaches the lower explosive limit, considering a complete and instantaneous dilution of the fuel gas in nitrogen.
- the threshold pressure Ps is chosen by taking a safety margin with respect to the pressure mentioned above, in particular in order to take into account the inhomogeneous mixing phenomena of the gas phase in the thermally insulating barrier 3 and the time required to inject a quantity of inert gas sufficient for the gas phase to rise to atmospheric pressure.
- a threshold pressure Ps is chosen between 20 and 35%, and preferably of the order of 30%, of the partial pressure of the fuel gas, at atmospheric pressure, at the concentration of the fuel gas corresponding to its lower explosive limit. Therefore, in the case of a methane storage tank, a threshold pressure Ps between 1013 and 1773 Pa, and preferably of the order of 1520 Pa, will be chosen.
- the table below shows the lower flammability limits of different combustible gases and includes pressure values.
- threshold Ps corresponding to 30% of the partial pressure of the combustible gases, at atmospheric pressure, at a concentration corresponding to their lower explosive limit.
- the threshold pressure Ps may not be defined as a function of the lower flammable limit of the fuel gas but as a function of the minimum concentration of oxidizer allowing the inflammability of the fuel gas. This is particularly the case when the minimum air concentration for flammability of the fuel gas is lower than the concentration of fuel gas corresponding to its lower explosive limit.
- the inerting system also includes a gas analyzer 15 for measuring a concentration of combustible gas in the gas phase.
- the gas analyzer 15 is here placed at the outlet of the pumping device 7.
- the gas analyzer 15 can in particular comprise a combustible gas detector selected from the group consisting of catalytic wire detectors, infra-red detectors, especially those operating by absorbance and / or transmittance measurement, and electrochemical cell detectors.
- the gas analyzer 15 can be used during the first mode of inerting to detect combustible gas leaks, in addition to the comparison of the pressure P of the gas phase inside. of the thermally insulating barrier 3 at a threshold pressure Ps.
- the gaseous phase sample extracted from the thermally insulating barrier 3 must first be diluted with an inert gas before its analysis.
- the gas analyzer 15 can also be used to analyze the gas phase of the thermally insulating barrier 3, at regular intervals, during the second inerting mode.
- the control unit 10 regulates the injection rates of inert gas in the thermally insulating barrier 3 as a function of the concentrations of combustible gases measured.
- the inerting process described above is more particularly intended to ensure the inerting of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 3, the invention is not limited to such an embodiment. Indeed, according to other embodiments, the inerting process can also be implemented at the level of the primary thermally insulating barrier 5 or be applied to a tank 1 having only one thermally insulating barrier extending between a sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the liquefied fuel gas and a carrier structure. Also, in general, the inerting process can be applied to any thermally insulating barrier disposed between two impervious barriers and isolated from the ambient pressure by said impermeable barriers.
- an inerting process as described above is applied, independently, both within the secondary thermally insulating barrier 3 and within the primary thermally insulating barrier 5.
- the inerting system further comprises:
- the control unit 10 compares the pressure of the gas phase inside the thermally insulating barrier 5 with a threshold pressure Ps ', higher than the set pressure P1' and automatically switches from the first inerting mode. to the second inerting mode of the primary thermally insulating barrier 5 when the pressure of the gas phase contained in the primary thermally insulating barrier 5 exceeds the threshold pressure Ps'.
- the threshold pressure Ps' a first value defined solely as a function of the minimum concentration of oxidizer allowing the flammability combustible gas.
- control unit 10 detects a pressure of the gas phase of the primary thermally insulating barrier 5 exceeding the threshold pressure Ps', it is then necessary to assign the threshold pressure Ps a second value which must also be defined depending on the lower limit of flammability of the fuel gas as we have seen above.
- the threshold pressure Ps' whose overshoot is likely to trigger the second mode of inerting of the primary thermally insulating barrier 5 is variable depending on the inerting mode implemented in the secondary thermally insulating barrier 3.
- a cutaway view of a LNG tank 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
- loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected by appropriate connectors to a marine or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG to or from vessel 71.
- FIG. 3 represents an example of a marine terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77.
- the loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed off-shore installation comprising an arm mobile 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74.
- the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 that can connect to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
- the movable arm 74 can be adapted to all gauges of LNG carriers .
- a connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78.
- the loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77.
- the underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the onshore installation 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the tanker vessel 70 at great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
- pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps equipping the shore installation 77 and / or pumps equipping the loading and unloading station 75 are used.
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
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| CN201580008536.0A CN106068418B (zh) | 2014-02-21 | 2015-02-16 | 一种用于惰化液化燃料储气罐壁的方法和系统 |
| AU2015220997A AU2015220997B2 (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2015-02-16 | Method and system for inerting a wall of a liquefied fuel gas-storage tank |
| JP2016550806A JP6537518B2 (ja) | 2014-02-21 | 2015-02-16 | 液化燃料ガス貯蔵タンクの壁を不活性にする方法およびシステム |
| RU2016131896A RU2673837C2 (ru) | 2014-02-21 | 2015-02-16 | Способ и система для инертирования стенки резервуара для хранения сжиженного топливного газа |
| KR1020167024518A KR102302435B1 (ko) | 2014-02-21 | 2015-02-16 | 액화 연료 가스 저장 탱크 벽체의 불활성화 방법 및 시스템 |
| SG11201606636VA SG11201606636VA (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2015-02-16 | Method and system for inerting a wall of a liquefied fuel gas-storage tank |
| MYPI2016702932A MY184853A (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2015-02-16 | Method and system for inerting a wall of a liquefied fuel gas-storage tank |
| PH12016501564A PH12016501564B1 (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2016-08-05 | Method and system for inerting a wall of a liquefied fuel gas-storage tank |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1451416 | 2014-02-21 | ||
| FR1451416A FR3017924B1 (fr) | 2014-02-21 | 2014-02-21 | Procede et systeme d'inertage d'une paroi d'une cuve de stockage d'un gaz combustible liquefie |
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| WO2015124536A2 true WO2015124536A2 (fr) | 2015-08-27 |
| WO2015124536A3 WO2015124536A3 (fr) | 2015-11-05 |
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| PCT/EP2015/053234 Ceased WO2015124536A2 (fr) | 2014-02-21 | 2015-02-16 | Procede et systeme d'inertage d'une paroi d'une cuve de stockage d'un gaz combustible liquefie |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP6537518B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR102302435B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN106068418B (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2015220997B2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3017924B1 (fr) |
| MY (1) | MY184853A (fr) |
| PH (1) | PH12016501564B1 (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2673837C2 (fr) |
| SG (1) | SG11201606636VA (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2015124536A2 (fr) |
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| WO2019096861A1 (fr) | 2017-11-16 | 2019-05-23 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Dispositif d'inertage d'une cuve de stockage de gaz liquefie pour un navire de transport de ce gaz |
| CN116249857A (zh) * | 2020-10-14 | 2023-06-09 | 川崎重工业株式会社 | 气体检查方法和气体检查设备 |
| WO2023198843A1 (fr) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-10-19 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Cuve étanche et thermiquement isolante et procédé de mise sous vide associé |
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| US11214282B2 (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2022-01-04 | Hyperloop Transportation Technologies, Inc. | Method and an article of manufacture for determining optimum operating points for power/cost and helium-air ratios in a tubular transportation system |
| US20220153317A1 (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2022-05-19 | Hyperloop Transportation Technologies, Inc. | Combined Pumping / Gas Source Unit Configured For Use in a Tubular Transportation System |
| US11230300B2 (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2022-01-25 | Hyperloop Transportation Technologies, Inc. | Method of using air and helium in low-pressure tube transportation systems |
| US20220153318A1 (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2022-05-19 | Hyperloop Transportation Technologies, Inc. | Injection System and Method for Injecting Helium and/or Hydrogen in Critical Aerodynamic Areas Around a Capsule in a Tube Transportation System |
| US11242072B2 (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2022-02-08 | Hyperloop Transportation Technologies, Inc. | Method of using air and hydrogen in low pressure tube transportation |
| US11235787B2 (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2022-02-01 | Hyperloop Transportation Technologies, Inc. | Tube transportation systems using a gaseous mixture of air and hydrogen |
| KR102229232B1 (ko) * | 2019-09-04 | 2021-03-19 | 한라아이엠에스 주식회사 | Lng 연료추진선에 적용하는 가스 안전 시스템 |
| JP7379211B2 (ja) * | 2020-02-28 | 2023-11-14 | 三菱造船株式会社 | 燃料タンク、及び船舶 |
| EP4015892B1 (fr) * | 2020-12-17 | 2024-07-24 | Cryostar SAS | Système et procédé de vaporisation d'un mélange de gaz-liquide cryogénique |
| CN116378616B (zh) * | 2023-06-05 | 2023-09-05 | 北京永瑞达科技有限公司 | 适用于三维火烧油层试验的装置、装置的制作方法及应用 |
| CN118729152B (zh) * | 2024-06-21 | 2025-10-17 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | 一种lng船绝缘层的注氮方法 |
| CN118729149B (zh) * | 2024-06-21 | 2025-10-17 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | 一种码头单船同步加注天然气及液氮的方法和系统 |
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| WO2016128696A1 (fr) * | 2015-02-13 | 2016-08-18 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Gestion des fluides dans une cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante |
| WO2019096861A1 (fr) | 2017-11-16 | 2019-05-23 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Dispositif d'inertage d'une cuve de stockage de gaz liquefie pour un navire de transport de ce gaz |
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Also Published As
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|---|---|
| KR20160123323A (ko) | 2016-10-25 |
| WO2015124536A3 (fr) | 2015-11-05 |
| PH12016501564A1 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
| JP6537518B2 (ja) | 2019-07-03 |
| FR3017924B1 (fr) | 2016-08-26 |
| SG11201606636VA (en) | 2016-09-29 |
| FR3017924A1 (fr) | 2015-08-28 |
| CN106068418A (zh) | 2016-11-02 |
| RU2016131896A3 (fr) | 2018-06-09 |
| MY184853A (en) | 2021-04-27 |
| RU2673837C2 (ru) | 2018-11-30 |
| AU2015220997A1 (en) | 2016-09-08 |
| JP2017511866A (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
| AU2015220997B2 (en) | 2017-11-30 |
| CN106068418B (zh) | 2018-08-03 |
| RU2016131896A (ru) | 2018-03-26 |
| PH12016501564B1 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
| KR102302435B1 (ko) | 2021-09-15 |
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