WO2015131781A1 - 一种ups电路 - Google Patents

一种ups电路 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015131781A1
WO2015131781A1 PCT/CN2015/073393 CN2015073393W WO2015131781A1 WO 2015131781 A1 WO2015131781 A1 WO 2015131781A1 CN 2015073393 W CN2015073393 W CN 2015073393W WO 2015131781 A1 WO2015131781 A1 WO 2015131781A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bridge arm
inverter bridge
ups circuit
inverter
redundant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/CN2015/073393
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐忠勇
郑大为
廖西征
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Eaton Corp
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Eaton Corp
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Publication date
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Priority to EP15758204.0A priority Critical patent/EP3116096B1/en
Priority to US15/123,131 priority patent/US10536030B2/en
Publication of WO2015131781A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015131781A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of DC sources
    • H02J1/102—Parallel operation of DC sources being switching converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J4/00—Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as AC or DC; Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks combining AC and DC sections or sub-networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
    • H02J9/063—Common neutral, e.g. AC input neutral line connected to AC output neutral line and DC middle point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a UPS circuit, and more particularly to a UPS circuit having a phase leg.
  • the UPS Uninterruptible Power System
  • the energy storage device such as a battery is mainly used to provide an uninterrupted power supply to the load during a power outage.
  • the UPS supplies the mains voltage to the load for use.
  • the UPS immediately uses the energy of the energy storage device to continue to supply AC power to the load, so that the load maintains normal operation and protection.
  • the load is soft and the hardware is not damaged.
  • UPS In order to achieve power purification, UPS often adopts AC/DC/AC conversion structure to provide pure power for the load.
  • the AC/DC link converts the AC mains into a stable DC bus BUS voltage, and then supplies energy to the DC/AC link of the next stage.
  • the traditional AC/DC adopts the uncontrolled rectifier diode or the semi-controlled SCR.
  • the input power factor is low, the current harmonic is large, and the power grid is polluted.
  • the modern AC/DC adopts the active semiconductor device, except for the smooth DC bus BUS voltage. At the same time, it has power factor correction function to reduce pollution to the power grid and ensure green power grid.
  • the DC/AC link is used to convert the DC bus BUS voltage generated by the AC/DC or battery energy storage device into a pure sinusoidal output voltage to ensure the power quality and constant power demand of the load.
  • FIG. 1 shows a single phase 2-wire UPS circuit with a single phase line L and a neutral line N from which the AC/DC/AC conversion process in the UPS circuit can be seen.
  • the single-phase 2-wire UPS circuit has a rectifier bridge arm PL1 for rectification and an inverter bridge arm PL2 for inverter.
  • the gate driver G controls the rectifier bridge PL1 and the inverter bridge PL2 corresponding thereto, respectively, under the action of the PWM signal.
  • AC mains from the input terminal T in L rec inductor via rectifier, the rectifier bridge arm PL1, PL2 and the inverter bridge arm of the inverter inductor L inv, output from an output terminal T out of the load to the UPS.
  • FIG. 2 shows a 3-phase 3-wire UPS circuit having three phase lines L1, L2, L3, having three rectifier bridge arms PL1 and three inverter bridge arms PL2, respectively, which are respectively received by respective gates Control of drive G.
  • 3 shows a 3-phase 4-wire UPS circuit having three phase lines L1, L2, L3 and a neutral line N, which is similar to the 3-phase 3-wire UPS circuit structure shown in FIG. Similarly, there is a neutral line N compared to it.
  • the inverter bridge arm is generally set to a multi-level conversion topology.
  • a multi-level conversion topology requires a larger number of semiconductor devices, but the more semiconductor devices, the worse the reliability, thus reducing the reliability of the inverter bridge arm.
  • the inverter bridge arm is a module shared by the UPS's mains mode and battery mode, so the reliability reduction seriously affects the reliability of the UPS.
  • the invention provides a UPS circuit comprising:
  • a rectifier bridge arm for rectification for converting the received alternating current into direct current
  • An inverter bridge arm for inverting, for inverting a direct current outputted by the rectifier bridge arm into an alternating current
  • a fault detecting device configured to detect whether the inverter bridge arm is faulty
  • a redundant inverter bridge arm having an input end connected to an output end of the rectifier bridge arm
  • a control device configured to receive a signal sent by the fault detecting device, and to replace the redundant inverter bridge arm with the failed inverter arm when the fault occurs.
  • a UPS circuit according to the present invention wherein the structure of the redundant inverter bridge arm is the same as that of the inverter bridge arm.
  • a UPS circuit wherein the fault detecting means comprises a plurality of fault detecting modules, each fault detecting module for detecting an inverter bridge arm corresponding thereto.
  • a UPS circuit wherein the control device includes a switching device for connecting the redundant inverter bridge arm to an output end of a phase line corresponding to a failed inverter bridge arm to replace the Describe the failed inverter arm.
  • a UPS circuit wherein the switching device includes one or more sets of switches, and when a fault occurs, one of the switches is closed to connect the redundant inverter bridge arm to a faulty An output end of the phase line corresponding to the inverter bridge arm to replace the failed inverter bridge arm
  • the UPS circuit is a single-phase 2-wire system, a 3-phase 3-wire system, or a 3-phase 4-wire system.
  • a single-phase 2-wire or 3-phase 4-wire UPS circuit provided in accordance with the present invention, the UPS The road has a neutral line, and when no fault occurs in the inverter bridge arm, the redundant inverter bridge arm is connected to the neutral line for injecting a zero sequence component into the neutral point.
  • the redundant inverter bridge arm is disconnected from the neutral line.
  • the redundant inverter bridge arm when no fault occurs in the inverter bridge arm, the redundant inverter bridge arm functions as a balancer to balance the voltage of the DC bus.
  • the reliability can be greatly improved by providing redundant inverter bridge arms, and even the multi-stage inverter bridge arm with many semiconductor devices and high failure rate can ensure the reliability of the UPS. Therefore, efficiency can be improved with high reliability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a single-phase 2-wire UPS circuit in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a 3-phase 3-wire UPS circuit in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a 3-phase 4-wire UPS circuit in the prior art
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a 3-phase 3-wire UPS circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a 3-phase 4-wire UPS circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-phase 2-wire UPS circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figures 7a-7c show inverter bridge arms of three topologies.
  • This embodiment provides a 3-phase 3-wire UPS circuit having three phase lines L1, L2, and L3, and the circuit structure thereof is as shown in FIG.
  • the UPS circuit includes three rectifier bridge arms PL1 for rectification and three inverter bridge arms PL21, PL22 and PL23 for inverters.
  • Each gate driver G controls the corresponding bridge arm under the action of the PWM signal output by the logic control module. From the AC mains three phase lines L1, L rec, rectifying bridge arm PL1, inverter bridge arm PL21, PL22 and PL23 and an inverter via an inductor L inv rectified inductor L2, L3 input terminal T in, T out from an output terminal Output to the load of the UPS.
  • each inverter bridge arm has a fault detection module D corresponding thereto.
  • the fault detecting module D is configured to detect whether a fault occurs in the bridge arm corresponding thereto.
  • the fault signal FD is sent to the logic control module.
  • the UPS circuit provided in this embodiment further has an additional redundant inverter arm PL2a having the same structure as the inverter arms PL21, PL22 and PL23.
  • the input end of the redundant inverter arm PL2a is connected in the same manner as the input end of the inverter arms PL21, PL22 and PL23, and the output of the redundant inverter arm PL2a passes through an additional redundant inverter inductance L.
  • N and the three sets of switches 1, 2, 3 in the switching device SW are respectively connected to the output terminals T out of the three phase lines L1, L2, L3.
  • the redundant inverter arm PL2a also has a gate driver G corresponding thereto, and the gate electrode driver corresponding thereto is also controlled by the PWM signal output from the logic control module.
  • the fault detection module D corresponding to the failed inverter bridge arm detects the occurrence of the fault and sends the fault to the logic control module.
  • Fault signal FD The logic control module determines, according to the fault signal FD, which inverter arm has failed, and stops the control of the gate electrode drive G corresponding to the failed inverter bridge arm according to the determination result, and issues control to the switching device SW.
  • the signal SW_CTRL causes the switch corresponding to the failed inverter arm in the switching device SW to be turned on, so that the redundant inverter arm PL2a replaces the failed inverter arm, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the UPS.
  • the fault detecting module D corresponding to the inverter bridge arm PL22 issues a fault signal FD to the logic control module.
  • the logic control module determines that the inverter bridge arm PL22 has failed according to the fault signal FD, and sends a control signal SW_CTRL to the switching device SW according to the determination result, so that the switch 2 in the switching device SW is turned on, thereby making the redundant inverter bridge arm
  • the output of PL2a is connected to the output of phase line L2, replacing the failed inverter arm PL22.
  • the logic control module turns on the switch 1 in the switching device SW, so that the output end of the redundant inverter arm PL2a is connected to the output end of the phase line L1. Replace the failed inverter arm PL21. If the inverter arm PL23 fails, the logic control module turns on the switch 3 in the switching device SW, so that the output end of the redundant inverter arm PL2a is connected to the output end of the phase line L3 instead of the reverse of the fault.
  • Variable bridge arm PL23 is if the inverter arm PL21 fails, the logic control module turns on the switch 1 in the switching device SW, so that the output end of the redundant inverter arm PL2a is connected to the output end of the phase line L1.
  • the UPS circuit with redundant inverter bridge arm provided by this embodiment can be Greatly improve the reliability of the UPS. Even with a multi-stage inverter bridge with many semiconductor components and high failure rate, the reliability of the UPS can be guaranteed. Therefore, efficiency can be improved with high reliability.
  • the redundant inverter bridge arm according to the invention is equally applicable to other types of UPS circuits having inverter bridge arms.
  • it can be applied to a 3-phase 4-wire UPS circuit.
  • a 3-phase 4-wire UPS circuit with redundant inverter bridges PL2a in accordance with the present invention is shown in FIG.
  • the output of the redundant inverter bridge arm is connected to the neutral line via a redundant inverter inductance and a closed state switch 0 in the switching device SW.
  • the redundant inverter bridge arm acts as a modulation when no fault occurs in the inverter bridge arm.
  • there may be unbalanced loads for example, only the L1 phase is loaded.
  • the L1 phase current can be returned to the DC bus through the loop formed by the L N and the IGBT in the redundant inverter arm.
  • the redundant inverter bridge arm is replaced with the failed inverter bridge arm by controlling the switching device SW, and the switch 0 in the switching device is switched to the other side, so that The redundant inverter bridge arm is disconnected from the neutral line N, and the DC bus voltage midpoint M is also connected to the neutral line N.
  • a phase current can be formed back to the busbar, so that it can carry a single-phase or three-phase unbalanced load.
  • the phase voltage can be taken as the bus voltage midpoint M. For reference, ensure that the output is AC, and the instantaneous voltage is positive and negative.
  • the redundant inverter bridge arm can also be applied to a single phase 2-wire UPS circuit. 4-wire and three-phase UPS circuit Similarly, the output of the inverter bridge arm PL2a redundancy is the redundancy connected to a neutral line via an inverter and the inductance L N of the switching means SW in the closed state 0.
  • the redundant inverter bridge arm is modulated.
  • the switch 1 is closed by controlling the switching device SW, so that the redundant inverter bridge arm replaces the failed inverter bridge arm, and the switch 0 in the switching device is switched to the other side. In order to disconnect the redundant inverter bridge arm from the neutral line N, and also to connect the DC bus voltage midpoint M to the neutral line N.
  • the redundant inverter arm when there is no failure of the inverter bridge arm, the redundant inverter arm is idle, as a neutral point modulation function,
  • the zero sequence component is injected into the neutral point to reduce the DC bus BUS voltage and the number of semiconductor device switchings in each mains cycle, thereby further improving the efficiency of the system.
  • SPWM is used to inject specific harmonics or a special selection of SVPWM zero vector, and the zero-sequence component is injected into the neutral point to reduce the DC bus BUS voltage and the number of semiconductor device switchings in each mains cycle, thereby further improving the 3-phase.
  • the efficiency of the 4-wire system when there is no failure of the inverter bridge arm, the redundant inverter arm is idle, as a neutral point modulation function.
  • SPWM is used to inject specific harmonics or a special selection of SVPWM zero vector, and the zero-sequence component is injected into the neutral point to reduce the DC bus BUS voltage and the number of semiconductor device switchings in each mains cycle, thereby
  • the redundant inverter bridge arm can be idle (as shown in Figure 4) or used as a balancer to balance the DC bus BUS voltage when the UPS needs to balance the DC bus BUS voltage.
  • switch 0 When used as a balancer, when the inverter bridge arm is not faulty, switch 0 is closed. If the voltage between DC+ and M is higher than the voltage between DC- and M, DC+ is increased by controlling this bridge arm PWM. The energy is stored in the inductor L N , which is then fed back to the DC- to achieve a balanced DC bus positive and negative voltage. vice versa.
  • the switching means SW is not limited to the manner described in the above embodiments.
  • the present invention can be implemented as long as it is a switching device capable of selectively connecting redundant inverter bridge arms to the output of one of the phase lines.
  • the switching device SW is preferably a semiconductor switching device.
  • the redundant inverter bridge arm can replace the failed inverter bridge arm in an instant, so that the AC power outputted at the output terminal Tout is continuous.
  • the redundant inverter bridge arm cannot replace the failed inverter arm in an instant, and in the replacement process, the output terminal T out There will be no AC power output for a moment.
  • the UPS when a certain inverter bridge arm fails, the UPS is first operated in the bypass mode (even if both the rectifier bridge arm and the inverter bridge arm are bypassed, at this time The utility power is directly supplied to the output terminal Tout of the UPS), and then the electrical connection of the failed inverter bridge arm is cut off, and the redundant inverter bridge arm is connected to the circuit by the control switching device SW to replace the faulty reverse Variable bridge arm. After the replacement is completed, the UPS is switched from the bypass mode back to the online mode, so that the redundant inverter bridge arm replaces the function of the failed inverter bridge arm.
  • a corresponding fault detecting module D is provided for each inverter bridge arm, but this is merely exemplary. According to other embodiments of the present invention, it is also possible to detect which inverter arm has failed in other manners, for example, to detect all the inverter bridge arms by a centralized fault detecting device, and those skilled in the art can according to actual needs. Different fault location methods are used.
  • each of the inverter bridge arms employed may be constituted by a discrete semiconductor device or module.
  • Inverter bridge arm can adopt bi-level transformation topology or multi-level conversion extension
  • the structure is raised to improve the system efficiency of the UPS.
  • Figures 7a-c illustrate three types of inverter bridge arms.
  • the structure of the inverter arms is shown in the dashed box in Figures 7a-7c, where Figure 7a shows the T-shape.
  • Inverter bridge arm of a three-level conversion topology FIG. 7b shows an inverter bridge arm of a two-level conversion topology
  • FIG. 7c shows an inverter of a deformed I-shaped three-level conversion topology.
  • Bridge arm The topology of the above-mentioned inverter bridge arm is merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can select different types of topology inverter bridge arms according to actual needs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

一种UPS电路，包括：用于整流的整流桥臂（PL1），用于将接收到的交流电转化为直流电；用于逆变的逆变桥臂（PL21、PL22、PL23），用于将整流桥臂输出的直流电逆变为交流电；故障检测装置（D），用于检测逆变桥臂是否发生故障；冗余逆变桥臂（PL2a），其输入端连接到整流桥臂的输出端；控制装置，用于接收故障检测装置发出的信号，并用于在故障发生时使冗余逆变桥臂替换发生故障的逆变桥臂。

Description

一种UPS电路 技术领域
本发明涉及一种UPS电路，尤其涉及一种具有桥臂(phase leg)的UPS电路。
背景技术
UPS(Uninterruptible Power System，不间断电源)是一种含有储能装置的交流电源。主要利用电池等储能装置在停电时向负载提供不间断的电力供应。当市电输入正常时，UPS将市电稳压后供应给负载使用，当市电中断(事故停电)时,UPS立即利用储能装置的电能向负载继续供应交流电，使负载维持正常工作并保护负载软、硬件不受损坏。
为了实现电力的净化功能，UPS常采用AC/DC/AC转换的结构，以为负载提供纯净电力。其中AC/DC环节将交流市电转化为平稳的直流母线BUS电压，然后再提供能量给下一级的DC/AC环节。传统AC/DC采用不控整流二极管或半控SCR实现，输入功率因数较低，电流谐波较大，对电网污染较大；现代AC/DC采用主动型半导体器件，除平稳直流母线BUS电压外，同时具有功率因数校正功能，可减少对电网的污染，确保绿色电网。DC/AC环节用于将AC/DC或电池能储能装置产生的直流母线BUS电压转化为纯净的正弦输出电压，确保负载的供电质量及不断电需求。
图1示出了一种具有单根相线L和中性线N的单相2线制的UPS电路，其从中可以看出该UPS电路中的AC/DC/AC转换过程。如图1所示，该单相2线制UPS电路具有用于整流的整流桥臂PL1和用于逆变的逆变桥臂PL2。门极驱动器G在PWM信号的作用下控制分别与其对应的整流桥臂PL1和逆变桥臂PL2。AC市电从输入端Tin经由整流电感Lrec、整流桥臂PL1、逆变桥臂PL2以及逆变电感Linv后，从输出端Tout输出到UPS的负载。
图2示出了一种具有三根相线L1、L2、L3的3相3线制的UPS电路，具有三个整流桥臂PL1和三个逆变桥臂PL2，其分别受到各自对应的门极驱动器G的控制。图3示出了一种具有三根相线L1、L2、L3和一根中性线N的3相4线制的UPS电路，其与图2所示的3相3线制的UPS电路结构相类似，与其相比多了一根中性线N。
对于UPS来说，可靠性和效率是两项最重要的性能指标。目前，为了实现较高的系统效率，普遍将逆变桥臂设置为多电平变换拓扑结构。多电平变换拓扑结构需要数量更多的半导体器件，然而半导体器件越多，可靠性就越差，因此降低了逆变桥臂的可靠性。然而逆变桥臂是UPS的市电模式和电池模式所共用的模块，因此其可靠性的降低严重影响了UPS整机的可靠性。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺陷，提供一种UPS电路。
本发明提供一种UPS电路，包括：
用于整流的整流桥臂，用于将接收到的交流电转化为直流电；
用于逆变的逆变桥臂，用于将所述整流桥臂输出的直流电逆变为交流电；
故障检测装置，用于检测所述逆变桥臂是否发生故障；
冗余逆变桥臂，其输入端连接到所述整流桥臂的输出端；
控制装置，用于接收所述故障检测装置发出的信号，并用于在故障发生时使所述冗余逆变桥臂替换发生故障的逆变桥臂。
根据本发明提供的UPS电路，其中所述冗余逆变桥臂的结构与所述逆变桥臂的结构相同。
根据本发明提供的UPS电路，其中所述故障检测装置包括多个故障检测模块，每个故障检测模块用于检测与其对应的逆变桥臂。
根据本发明提供的UPS电路，其中所述控制装置中包括切换装置，用于使所述冗余逆变桥臂连接到与发生故障的逆变桥臂对应的相线的输出端，以替换所述发生故障的逆变桥臂。
根据本发明提供的UPS电路，其中切换装置中包括一组或多组开关，当故障发生时，所述开关中的其中一组闭合以使所述冗余逆变桥臂连接到与发生故障的逆变桥臂对应的相线的输出端，以替换所述发生故障的逆变桥臂
根据本发明提供的UPS电路，所述UPS电路为单相2线制、3相3线制或3相4线制。
根据本发明提供的单相2线制或3相4线制UPS电路，所述UPS电 路具有中性线，当所述逆变桥臂中没有故障发生时，所述冗余逆变桥臂连接到所述中性线上，用于对中性点注入零序分量。
根据本发明提供的单相2线制或3相4线制UPS电路，当所述逆变桥臂发生故障时，使所述冗余逆变桥臂从所述中性线断开。
根据本发明提供的3相3线制UPS电路，当所述逆变桥臂中没有故障发生时，所述冗余逆变桥臂用作平衡器以平衡直流母线的电压。
本发明提供的UPS电路中，通过设置冗余逆变桥臂可大大提高可靠性，即使是采用半导体器件多、故障率高的多级逆变桥臂，也可以保证UPS整机的可靠性。因此可以在高可靠性的前提下提高效率。
附图说明
以下参照附图对本发明实施例作进一步说明，其中：
图1为现有技术中的单相2线制UPS电路的结构示意图；
图2为现有技术中的3相3线制UPS电路的结构示意图；
图3为现有技术中的3相4线制UPS电路的结构示意图；
图4为根据本发明的一个实施例的3相3线制UPS电路的结构示意图；
图5为根据本发明的一个实施例的3相4线制UPS电路的结构示意图；
图6为根据本发明的一个实施例的单相2线制UPS电路的结构示意图；
图7a-图7c示出了三种拓扑结构的逆变桥臂。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合具体实施例，对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
本实施例提供一种具有三根相线L1、L2、L3的3相3线制UPS电路，其电路结构如图4所示。该UPS电路包括三个用于整流的整流桥臂PL1和三个用于逆变的逆变桥臂PL21、PL22和PL23。各个门极驱动器G在逻辑控制模块输出的PWM信号的作用下，对各自对应的桥臂进行控制。AC市电从三根相线L1、L2、L3的输入端Tin经由整流电感Lrec、整流桥 臂PL1、逆变桥臂PL21、PL22和PL23以及逆变电感Linv后，从输出端Tout输出到UPS的负载。另外，每个逆变桥臂均具有与其对应的故障检测模块D。该故障检测模块D用于检测与其对应的桥臂中是否发生故障。当故障检测模块D检测到故障的发生时，向逻辑控制模块发出故障信号FD。
此外，本实施例提供的UPS电路还具有一个额外的冗余逆变桥臂PL2a，其结构与逆变桥臂PL21、PL22和PL23的结构相同。该冗余逆变桥臂PL2a的输入端的连接方式与逆变桥臂PL21、PL22和PL23的输入端的连接方式相同，该冗余逆变桥臂PL2a的输出端通过额外的冗余逆变电感LN以及切换装置SW中的三组开关1、2、3分别连接到三根相线L1、L2、L3的输出端Tout。像逆变桥臂PL21、PL22和PL23一样，该冗余逆变桥臂PL2a也具有与其对应的门极驱动器G，且与其对应的门电极驱动器也受到逻辑控制模块输出的PWM信号的控制。
若某一逆变桥臂中的半导体器件失效导致该逆变桥臂发生故障，则与该发生故障的逆变桥臂相对应的故障检测模块D检测到故障的发生后，向逻辑控制模块发出故障信号FD。逻辑控制模块根据故障信号FD判断是哪一逆变桥臂发生了故障，并根据判断结果停止对与该发生故障的逆变桥臂对应的门电极驱动G的控制，并向切换装置SW发出控制信号SW_CTRL，使切换装置SW中的与发生故障的逆变桥臂对应的开关导通，从而使冗余逆变桥臂PL2a替代发生故障的逆变桥臂，以此确保UPS的正常运行。
例如，若逆变桥臂PL22发生故障，则与逆变桥臂PL22相对应的故障检测模块D向逻辑控制模块发出故障信号FD。逻辑控制模块根据故障信号FD判断是逆变桥臂PL22发生了故障，并根据判断结果向切换装置SW发出控制信号SW_CTRL，使切换装置SW中的开关2导通，从而使冗余逆变桥臂PL2a的输出端连接到相线L2的输出端，替代发生故障的逆变桥臂PL22。
如图4所示，若逆变桥臂PL21发生故障，则逻辑控制模块使切换装置SW中的开关1导通，从而使冗余逆变桥臂PL2a的输出端连接到相线L1的输出端，替代发生故障的逆变桥臂PL21。若逆变桥臂PL23发生故障，则逻辑控制模块使切换装置SW中的开关3导通，从而使冗余逆变桥臂PL2a的输出端连接到相线L3的输出端，替代发生故障的逆变桥臂PL23。
从中可以看出，本实施例提供的这种具有冗余逆变桥臂的UPS电路可 大大提高UPS的可靠性。即使是采用半导体器件多、故障率高的多级逆变桥臂，也可以保证UPS整机的可靠性。因此可以在高可靠性的前提下提高效率。
根据本发明的其它实施例，其中根据本发明的冗余逆变桥臂同样可应用到其它类型的具有逆变桥臂的UPS电路中。例如可应用于3相4线制的UPS电路。如图5示出了根据本发明的具有冗余逆变桥臂PL2a的3相4线制UPS电路。其中冗余逆变桥臂的输出端经由冗余逆变电感以及切换装置SW中的闭合状态的开关0连接到中性线上。当逆变桥臂中没有故障发生时，冗余逆变桥臂作为调制。3相4线制的电路中有可能带不平衡载，如只有L1相带载，这时L1相电流可以通过LN和冗余逆变桥臂中的IGBT构成的回路回到直流母线。当某一逆变桥臂发生故障时，通过控制切换装置SW，使冗余逆变桥臂替换该发生故障的逆变桥臂，同时使切换装置中的开关0切换至另一侧，以使冗余逆变桥臂断开与中性线N的连接，同时也使直流母线电压中点M连接到中性线N。将直流母线电压中点M连接到中性线N后，可形成相电流回到母线的回路，从而能够能带单相或三相不平衡载，另外，相电压能够以母线电压中点M作为参考，确保输出交流，瞬间电压即有正有负。
又例如，如图6所示，冗余逆变桥臂还可应用于单相2线制UPS电路中。与3相4线制UPS电路相类似地，冗余逆变桥臂PL2a的输出端经由冗余逆变电感LN以及切换装置SW中的闭合状态的开关0连接到中性线上。当逆变桥臂PL2中没有故障发生时，冗余逆变桥臂作为调制。当逆变桥臂PL2发生故障时，通过控制切换装置SW，闭合开关1，从而使冗余逆变桥臂替换发生故障的逆变桥臂，同时使切换装置中的开关0切换至另一侧，以使冗余逆变桥臂断开与中性线N的连接，同时也使直流母线电压中点M连接到中性线N。
在上述这种具有中性线的单相2线制或3相4线制UPS电路中，当没有逆变桥臂发生故障时，该冗余逆变桥臂空闲，作为中性点调制功能，对中性点注入零序分量以降低直流母线BUS电压和每个市电周期内的半导体器件切换次数，从而进一步提高系统的效率。例如，采用SPWM注入特定的谐波或SVPWM零矢量的特殊选择，对中性点注入零序分量，以降低直流母线BUS电压和每个市电周期内的半导体器件切换次数，从而进一步提高3相4线系统的效率。针对SPWM注入特定的谐波或SVPWM 零矢量的特殊选择，可参考B.Kaku,et.al,“Switching loss minimized space vector PWM method for IGBT three-level inverter”,IEE Proc.Electr.Power Appl.,vol.144,no.3,pp.182-190,1997年5月。
对于3相3线系统，该冗余逆变桥臂可空闲(如图4所示)，或用作平衡器以在UPS需要平衡直流母线BUS电压时平衡直流母线BUS电压。当用作平衡器时，在逆变桥臂没有故障时，开关0闭合，若DC+和M之间的电压高于DC-和M之间的电压，通过控制此桥臂PWM将DC+上多的能量储存给电感LN，然后又将此能量回馈给DC-，以实现直流母线正负电压的平衡。反之，亦然。当有故障时，断开开关0，合上开关1、2、3中与发生故障的逆变桥臂相对应的一个，以使冗余逆变桥臂替换发生故障的逆变桥臂。
根据本发明的其它实施例，其中所述切换装置SW并不限于上述实施例中所描述的方式。只要是能够将冗余逆变桥臂选择性地连接到其中一个相线的输出端的切换装置都可以实现本发明。另外，切换装置SW优选为半导体开关器件，在这种情况下，冗余逆变桥臂可以在瞬间替换发生故障的逆变桥臂，使输出端Tout处输出的AC电能是连续的。但是对于机械类的切换装置SW来说，由于触点的闭合需要一定的时间，因此冗余逆变桥臂无法在瞬间替换发生故障的逆变桥臂，在替换的过程中，输出端Tout会有一瞬间是没有AC电能输出的。因此，在采用机械类的切换装置SW的情况下，当某一逆变桥臂发生故障时，首先使UPS工作在旁路模式(即使整流桥臂和逆变桥臂均被旁路，此时利用市电直接对UPS的输出端Tout供电)，然后切断发生故障的逆变桥臂的电连接，同时通过控制切换装置SW使冗余逆变桥臂连接到电路中以替换发生故障的逆变桥臂。在完成替换后，再使UPS从旁路模式中切换回在线模式，使冗余逆变桥臂替代发生故障的逆变桥臂的功能。
上述实施例提供的UPS电路中，为每个逆变桥臂设置了一个对应的故障检测模块D，但这仅为示例性的。根据本发明的其它实施例，也可以采用其他的方式检测哪一逆变桥臂发生了故障，例如通过一个集中式的故障检测装置检测所有的逆变桥臂，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要而采用不同的故障定位方式。
本发明提供的UPS电路中，所采用的每个逆变桥臂可以由分立的半导体器件或模块构成。逆变桥臂可采用双电平变换拓扑结构或多电平变换拓 扑结构以提高UPS的系统效率。例如，图7a-图7c列出了三种拓扑结构的逆变桥臂，逆变桥臂的结构如图7a-图7c中虚线框中的部分所示，其中图7a示出的为T字型三电平变换拓扑结构的逆变桥臂，图7b示出的为两电平变换拓扑结构的逆变桥臂，图7c示出的为变形I字型三电平变换拓扑结构的逆变桥臂。上述逆变桥臂的拓扑结构仅为示例性的，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要而选择不同类型的拓扑结构的逆变桥臂。
最后所应说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制。尽管参照实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，都不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种UPS电路，包括：
    用于整流的整流桥臂，用于将接收到的交流电转化为直流电；
    用于逆变的逆变桥臂，用于将所述整流桥臂输出的直流电逆变为交流电；
    故障检测装置，用于检测所述逆变桥臂是否发生故障；
    冗余逆变桥臂，其输入端连接到所述整流桥臂的输出端；
    控制装置，用于接收所述故障检测装置发出的信号，并用于在故障发生时使所述冗余逆变桥臂替换发生故障的逆变桥臂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的UPS电路，其中所述冗余逆变桥臂的结构与所述逆变桥臂的结构相同。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的UPS电路，其中所述故障检测装置包括多个故障检测模块，每个故障检测模块用于检测与其对应的逆变桥臂。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的UPS电路，其中所述控制装置中包括切换装置，用于使所述冗余逆变桥臂连接到与发生故障的逆变桥臂对应的相线的输出端，以替换所述发生故障的逆变桥臂。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的UPS电路，其中切换装置中包括一组或多组开关，当故障发生时，所述开关中的其中一组闭合以使所述冗余逆变桥臂连接到与发生故障的逆变桥臂对应的相线的输出端，以替换所述发生故障的逆变桥臂
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的UPS电路，所述UPS电路为3相3线制。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的UPS电路，所述UPS电路为单相2线制或3相4线制
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的UPS电路，所述UPS电路具有中性线，当所述逆变桥臂中没有故障发生时，所述冗余逆变桥臂连接到所述中性线上，用于对中性点注入零序分量。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的UPS电路，当所述逆变桥臂发生故障时，使所述冗余逆变桥臂从所述中性线断开。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的UPS电路，其中所述冗余逆变桥臂用作平衡器以平衡直流母线的电压。
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EP3116096A1 (en) 2017-01-11
US10536030B2 (en) 2020-01-14
US20170077749A1 (en) 2017-03-16
CN104901410A (zh) 2015-09-09
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