WO2015167430A1 - Peroxydes pour limiter des biofilms et des nitrosamines spécifiques au tabac - Google Patents

Peroxydes pour limiter des biofilms et des nitrosamines spécifiques au tabac Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015167430A1
WO2015167430A1 PCT/US2014/035709 US2014035709W WO2015167430A1 WO 2015167430 A1 WO2015167430 A1 WO 2015167430A1 US 2014035709 W US2014035709 W US 2014035709W WO 2015167430 A1 WO2015167430 A1 WO 2015167430A1
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Prior art keywords
tobacco
fluid
peroxides
ppm
tobacco pulp
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Ceased
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PCT/US2014/035709
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English (en)
Inventor
John Kotrola
Ujwala Warek
James Arthur Strickland
Elisabeth Miller
Dongmei Xu
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Altria Client Services LLC
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Altria Client Services LLC
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Priority to PCT/US2014/035709 priority Critical patent/WO2015167430A1/fr
Publication of WO2015167430A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015167430A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/24—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by extraction; Tobacco extracts
    • A24B15/241—Extraction of specific substances
    • A24B15/245—Nitrosamines

Definitions

  • This disclosure generally relates to the use of peroxides (e.g., hydrogen peroxide) to limit the formation of bio films and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs).
  • peroxides e.g., hydrogen peroxide
  • TSNAs tobacco-specific nitrosamines
  • tobacco by-products such as tobacco stems, leaf scraps, and tobacco dust produced during the manufacturing process (i.e., stemming, aging, blending, cutting, drying, cooling, screening, shaping and packaging) can be recycled to reclaim useful tobacco content.
  • tobacco byproducts have been formed into what is known in the industry as reconstituted tobacco sheets.
  • reconstituted tobacco sheets can be used as a wrapper.
  • reconstituted tobacco sheets can be cut into strips and blended with tobacco.
  • tobacco pulp is suspended, cast, and dried to form a sheet of reconstituted tobacco.
  • processes for manufacturing reconstituted tobacco sheets use a machine in which water is drained from a fibrous slurry of tobacco particles, and sheet that is formed is subsequently treated and dried.
  • Methods of making reconstituted tobacco can include contacting a mixture including tobacco pulp with one or more fluid stream including one or more peroxides (e.g., hydrogen peroxide), recovering one or more fluids from the tobacco pulp mixture, and reusing the recovered fluids in at least one subsequent tobacco pulp contacting step.
  • methods provided herein can recover one or more fluids including one or more peroxides, such that the at least one subsequent tobacco pulp contacting step includes contacting tobacco pulp with a fluid including one or more peroxides.
  • the one or more fluid streams have a peroxide concentration of at least 60 ppm.
  • the one or more fluid streams have a peroxide concentration of at least 100 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 400 ppm, or at least 500 ppm.
  • a peroxide concentration in the recovered fluid used in the at least one subsequent tobacco pulp contacting step is within plus or minus 50% of the peroxide concentration of the one or more fluid streams.
  • the recovered fluids can be supplemented with fresh fluids and/or one or more fresh peroxides prior to the at least one subsequent tobacco pulp contacting step in order to maintain a desired hydrogen peroxide concentration.
  • Methods of making reconstituted tobacco can, in some cases, recycle aqueous fluid streams contacting tobacco pulp in order to produce a recycled aqueous solution of soluble tobacco components.
  • methods provided herein can include one or more peroxides (e.g., hydrogen peroxide) in the recycled aqueous solution.
  • the recycled aqueous solution is treated between subsequent tobacco pulp contacting steps to maintain a desired peroxide concentration.
  • the recycled aqueous solution is maintained at a peroxide concentration of at least 60 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 400 ppm, or at least 500 ppm.
  • Methods of making reconstituted tobacco can, in some cases, agitate tobacco by-products with an aqueous pulping fluid in order to form a tobacco pulp suspension.
  • methods provided herein can include one or more peroxides (e.g., hydrogen peroxide) in the aqueous pulping fluid.
  • the tobacco pulp suspension can be separated into a tobacco pulp mixture and a liquid extract.
  • the liquid extract can include one or more peroxides.
  • the liquid extract can be concentrated and applied to a cast sheet of tobacco pulp.
  • the liquid extract can be treated to have nitrates removed and applied to a sheet of tobacco pulp.
  • the liquid extract can be maintained at a desired peroxide concentration during storage after separation from the tobacco pulp and prior to application to a sheet of tobacco pulp. In some cases, the stored liquid extract is maintained at a peroxide concentration of at least 60 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 400 ppm, or at least 500 ppm.
  • methods provided herein can inhibit the growth of bio film producing bacteria, such as Geobacillus stearothermophilus, in one or more fluid streams used to produce a reconstituted tobacco.
  • bio film producing bacteria such as Geobacillus stearothermophilus
  • systems including recycled streams without the addition of peroxides can have a population of Geobacillus stearothermophilus of about 10,000 cfl/ml, which can produce a significant amount of bio film in the system.
  • methods provided herein can control a population of a biofilm producing bacteria below a desired threshold.
  • a population of Geobacillus stearothermophilus in methods and systems provided herein can be maintained below a threshold of 5,000 clf/ml; below a threshold of 1,000 cfl/ml; below a threshold of 500 cfl/ml; below a threshold of 100 cfl/ml; below a threshold of 50 cfl/ml; below a threshold of 20 cfl/ml; below a threshold of 10 cfl/ml; or below a threshold of 5 cfl/ml.
  • a population of a biofilm producing bacteria, such as Geobacillus stearothermophilus can be maintained below a detectable limit.
  • biofilm producing bacteria can proliferate in one or more streams used in traditional methods of reconstituting tobacco, especially recycled streams.
  • Biofilm producing bacteria can produce a solid sludge that can intermix with tobacco pulp and disrupt a sheet casting process.
  • deposits of biofilm on a casting felt surface can inhibit tobacco pulp from being deposited in that location, which can result in perforations in a resulting reconstituted tobacco sheet.
  • Perforations in a reconstituted tobacco sheet can reduce tear resistance, and thus complicate handling of the reconstituted tobacco sheet.
  • Physically removing a biofilm (e.g., by flushing and/or skimming a tank holding a recycled aqueous solution and/or liquid extract) can result in a loss of tobacco solubles, increase an amount of fresh inputs needed, and/or increase the time needed to produce reconstituted tobacco sheets.
  • peroxides can additionally inhibit/control the growth of the entire bacterial population, including bacteria that can form to produce tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs).
  • methods provided herein can include one or more peroxides one or more fluid streams to inhibit the growth of bacteria that produce TSNAs.
  • TSNAs are nitrosation products of secondary and tertiary alkaloid amines in tobacco.
  • TSNAs are the result of a chemical reaction between tobacco alkaloids, such as nicotine and nornicotine, and unstable NO x radicals (e.g., N0 2 , N 2 C"3, and/or N 2 0 4 ), which can accumulate as a result of nitrate reduction by bacteria.
  • TSNAs are known in the art and include, for example, N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4- (methylnitrosoamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone (NNK), N'-nitrosoanatabine (NAT), N'- nitrosoanabasine (NAB), and 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanal (NNAL).
  • NN N'-nitrosonornicotine
  • NK 4- (methylnitrosoamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanone
  • NAT N'-nitrosoanatabine
  • NAB N'- nitrosoanabasine
  • NAL 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanal
  • Microbes on or in the tobacco plant before, during, or after curing can be responsible for the formation of
  • reconstituted tobacco sheets can have less than 50 ppm of TSNAs, less than 25 ppm of TSNAs, less than 20 ppm of TSNAs, or less than 15 ppm of TSNAs.
  • methods provided herein include hydrogen peroxide in one or more fluid streams contacting tobacco pulp in order to limit and/or control a bacterial population within the one or more fluid streams.
  • hydrogen peroxide can be separated from tobacco pulp with water by pressing, evaporation, and/or decomposition. Hydrogen peroxide is soluble in water and evaporates at a rate similar to water, thus hydrogen peroxide can be used in fluid streams contacting tobacco pulp without building up a hydrogen peroxide concentration in the tobacco pulp. In some cases, hydrogen peroxide can decompose into oxygen and water due to heat and/or time.
  • a heated drying roller can be applied to a reconstituted tobacco sheet including residual hydrogen peroxide to cause the hydrogen peroxide to decompose into oxygen and water.
  • a reconstituted tobacco sheet including residual hydrogen peroxide can be stored for a predetermined amount of time in order to reduce a residual hydrogen peroxide concentration below a predetermined limit.
  • Methods provided herein can improve the quality of reconstituted tobacco sheets, increase the productivity, and/or reduce the costs of producing reconstituted tobacco sheets.
  • hydrogen peroxide acts as a processing aid that can control the population of bacteria within recirculated streams such that unwanted bacterial by-products (e.g., bio film, TSNAs) are minimized.
  • a reduced production of bio film can increase productivity and reduce cost by avoiding time-consuming and/or product-wasting processes used to physically remove the biofilm.
  • Peroxides can further improve quality by eliminating bacteria that can produce TSNAs. Applicants have also found that the use of hydrogen peroxide in processes described herein does not negatively affect the taste of the reconstituted tobacco sheet.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a method of making reconstituted tobacco sheet provided herein.
  • FIG. 2 depicts a biofilm or sludge produced by Geobacillus stearothermophilus .
  • Methods of making reconstituted tobacco include one or more peroxides (e.g., hydrogen peroxide) in one or more fluid streams contacting tobacco pulp to control and/or reduce a bacterial population in those streams to improve product quality, increase process efficiency, and/or reduce costs.
  • peroxides e.g., hydrogen peroxide
  • water and other fluids can be mixed with tobacco by-products in a pulper to create a tobacco pulp suspension.
  • liquid e.g., a liquid including water and tobacco soluble
  • tobacco pulp can be processed with a second recycled fluid stream prior to casting a sheet of tobacco pulp.
  • fluid streams can include one or more peroxides to control populations of various bacteria within each fluid stream.
  • methods provided herein can control the population of biofilm producing bacteria, such as Geobacillus stearothermophilus, and/or TSNA producing bacteria.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a method of making reconstituted tobacco sheet provided herein.
  • pulper dilution 103 and blended tobacco 105 can be mixed via streams 102 and 106, respectively, for pulping 101.
  • Pulping 101 can be conducted in a superpulper, which can rehydrate blended tobacco 105 and form a tobacco pulp suspension.
  • blended tobacco 105 can have an average residence time in a superpulper of at least 10 minutes, at least 20 minutes, at least 30 minutes, at least 40 minutes, or at least 50 minutes.
  • an average residence time in a superpulper is between 10 minutes and 4 hours, between 20 minutes and 3 hours, between 30 minutes and 2 hours, between 40 minutes and 1 hour, or about 45 minutes.
  • the superpulper can be operated at a temperature of between 20 °C and 100 °C, between 30 °C and 90 °C, between 40 °C and 75 °C, between 50 °C and 65 °C, or between 55 °C and 60 °C.
  • a tobacco pulp suspension 110 flows to one or more presses 111 to separate liquids 112 from the tobacco pulp 114. In some cases, a stream 104 of liquid from the presses 111 can be cycled back to the pulper dilution 103 tank.
  • Pulper dilution 103 can be an aqueous solution including one or more peroxides.
  • pulper dilution 103 can include hydrogen peroxide and water.
  • pulper dilution 103 can consist of water and hydrogen peroxide.
  • pulper dilution 103 can include tobacco solubles, flavorants, and other additives.
  • a desired concentration of tobacco solubles can be achieved by controlling a recycled flow 104 of liquid from the presses 111.
  • pulper dilution can have a peroxide concentration of at least 60 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 1,000 ppm, or at least 5,000 ppm. In some cases, the pulper dilution can have a peroxide concentration of less than 10 molar percent, less than 5 molar percent, less than 1 molar percent, less than 5,000 ppm, less than 1,000 ppm, or less than 500 ppm.
  • pulper dilution can have a peroxide concentration of between 60 ppm and 10 molar percent, between 100 ppm and 5 molar percent, between 200 ppm and 1 molar percent, between 300 ppm ant 5,000 ppm, between 400 ppm and 1,000 ppm, or about 500 ppm.
  • a presence of peroxides in pulper dilution 103 and stream 104 can control populations of bacteria in the dilution streams and any associated holding tank.
  • Blended tobacco 105 can be any suitable mixture of tobacco and optionally non- tobacco cellulosic materials.
  • tobacco it is meant a part, e.g., leaves, and stems, of a member of the genus Nicotiana that has been processed.
  • Exemplary species of tobacco include N. rustica, N. tabacum, N. tomentosiformis, and N. sylvestris.
  • blended tobacco can include tobacco by-products from other tobacco processing operations.
  • tobacco by-products can include tobacco stems, leaf scraps, and tobacco dust produced during the manufacture of cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, and other tobacco products (i.e., stemming, aging, blending, cutting, drying, cooling, screening, shaping and packaging).
  • tobacco can be processed by heat treatment (e.g., cooking, steam treating, toasting), flavoring, enzyme treatment, fermenting, expansion and/or curing.
  • the tobacco can be unprocessed tobacco.
  • suitable processed tobaccos include, dark air-cured, dark fire-cured, burley, and flue cured.
  • the tobacco can, in some cases, be prepared from plants having less than 20 ⁇ g of DVT per cm2 of green leaf tissue.
  • the tobacco particles can be selected from the tobaccos described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0209586, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • Tobacco compositions containing tobacco from such low-DVT varieties exhibits improved flavor characteristics in sensory panel evaluations when compared to tobacco or tobacco compositions that do not have reduced levels of DVTs.
  • One or more presses 111 can separate tobacco pulp suspension 110 into a stream of liquid 112 and a mixture of dry and crushed tobacco pulp 114.
  • Liquid 112 can include tobacco extracts, one or more peroxides, and any other soluble additive used in the pulper dilution or present in the blended tobacco. In some cases, this initial extract is referred to as strong extract liquor (SEL). In some cases, the SEL can be further concentrated to form a concentrated extract liquor (CEL) and/or have nitrates removed. As shown, multiple stages 121, 123, 125, and 127 can be used to purify and refine the SEL into de-nitrified
  • SEL concentrated extract liqueur
  • DNCEL concentrated extract liqueur
  • SEL typically is held in a SEL tank for about 4 hours or less at temperatures that range from 51 °C to 77 °C.
  • Conditions in a typical SEL tank include, without limitation, a starting pH of 5.4 and a temperature that ranges from about 51 °C to about 76 °C.
  • a typical SEL tank contains about 10 4 CFU/ml natural microflora, and can have a nitrite content that ranges from about 5 ppm up to about 130 ppm, but processes described herein can reduce the microflora concentration to about or below 10 2 CFU/ml.
  • a SEL tank is typically agitated at about 60 RPM to about 75 RPM (e.g., about 65 RPM to about 70 RPM, about 67 RPM).
  • one or more centrifuges 121 e.g., bird centrifuges
  • the remaining liquid 122 passes to any one or more evaporators 123 to remove water to form the CEL 124, which can be passed to one or more crystallizers 125 adapted to crystallize nitrates.
  • CEL 124 can be held in a CEL tank for 0 to 3 hours at temperatures that can range from 20 °C to 50 °C (e.g., 25 °C to 45 °C, 30 °C to 40 °C, about 35 °C).
  • Crystallizing 125 the CEL produces a Denitrified Extract Liquor (DNCEL) mixed with crystals.
  • An outflow stream 126 from the one or more crystallizers 125 can be passed to one or more centrifuges 127 (e.g., Sharpies centrifuges) to remove the crystals to produce the DNCEL 128, which is delivered to a size prep tank 129.
  • DNCEL can be stored in size prep tank 129 for up to 48 hours.
  • the presence of one or more peroxides in this process can control the growth of bacteria and thus inhibit the production of TSNAs and/or bio films in the DNCEL 128.
  • the peroxide is hydrogen peroxide, which can further be partially removed from the SEL/CEL in the one or more evaporators 123.
  • a hydrogen peroxide concentration in DNCEL 128 can be within plus or minus 50% of a hydrogen peroxide concentration in SEL 112. In some cases, a hydrogen peroxide concentration in DNCEL 128 can be within plus or minus 30% of a hydrogen peroxide concentration in SEL 112.
  • a hydrogen peroxide concentration in DNCEL 128 can be within plus or minus 10% of a hydrogen peroxide concentration in SEL 112.
  • a thick size fraction 172 is removed and directed to a broke pulper 171, combined with diluent 176 from tank 143 and broke, OOC product 173 from flow 174, and directed in flow 178 to a broke tank 107, which is stored for delivery to pulping process 101.
  • the broke tank 107 can store product for startup processes or when a supply of blended tobacco 105 is not available.
  • Dry and crushed tobacco pulp 114 can be further processed and cast into a sheet.
  • tobacco pulp 114 is delivered through a series of press and discharge tanks where it is mixed and separated from recycled dilution before being cast into a sheet in casting process 161.
  • tobacco pulp 114 is mixed with dilution 144 from a tank 143 in one or more press discharge tanks 131 to make slurry 132, which is delivered to a stock chest 133.
  • Output 134 from stock chest 133 is delivered to one or more refiners 135 for further mixing with dilution 144 from tank 143.
  • Output 136 from refiners 135 is delivered to a machine chest 151, and a machine chest output 152 is mixed with additional dilution 146 from a tank 141 and delivered to a tickler headbox 153.
  • Output 154 from tickler headbox 53 is delivered to one or more tickler refiners 155.
  • Output 156 from the tickler refiners 155 is delivered to a stuff box 157.
  • Output 158 from stuff box 157 is delivered to fan pumps 159 where additional dilution 146 is added from tank 141.
  • Slurry 162 from fan pumps 159 is then delivered to a fourdrainer felt press 161 where a sheet of tobacco pulp is cast. Size 164 from size prep 129 is also sprayed onto the cast tobacco pulp sheet in fourdrainer felt press 161 to add back tobacco solubles. A cast sheet of tobacco pulp is then dried to form a reconstituted tobacco sheet.
  • Pit drains 166 of fourdrainer felt press 161 recycle diluent back to tank 143.
  • Tray Water and Vaccum separators 168 of fourdrainer felt press 161 recycle diluent back to tank 141, with overflow 142 from Strong Brown Water tank being delivered to the tank 143. Accordingly, diluent mixed with tobacco pulp 114 during the various processing steps is subsequently separated from the tobacco pulp during the casting of a sheet of tobacco pulp and recycled back to a storage tank.
  • Recycling diluent 144, 146, 166, and 168 results in the diluent collecting tobacco soluble and other additives.
  • Fresh water and/or peroxides e.g., hydrogen peroxide
  • a peroxide concentration in the diluent in tank 141 or tank 143 can be maintained at a predetermined concentration.
  • a peroxide concentration in tank 141 and/or tank 143 is maintained at a level of at least 60 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 1,000 ppm, or at least 5,000 ppm.
  • tank 141 and/or tank 143 are maintained at a temperature of between 60 °C and 73°C.
  • a peroxide concentration in tank 141 and/or tank 143 is maintained at a level of less than 10 molar percent, less than 5 molar percent, less than 1 molar percent, less than 5,000 ppm, less than 1,000 ppm, or less than 500 ppm.
  • a peroxide concentration in tank 141 and/or tank 143 is maintained at a level of between 60 ppm and 10 molar percent, between 100 ppm and 5 molar percent, between 200 ppm and 1 molar percent, between 300 ppm ant 5,000 ppm, between 400 ppm and 1,000 ppm, or about 500 ppm.
  • a presence of peroxides in tank 141 and/or tank 143 and throughout the various processing of the tobacco pulp can control populations of bacteria in tank 141 and/or tank 143. Controlling bacteria in the tank 141, tank 143, Pulping 101, and other parts of the process can be important because bacteria can produce biofilms and/or produce TSNAs.
  • methods provided herein can inhibit the growth of bio film producing bacteria, such as Geobacillus stearothermophilus, in the tank 141, tank 143, Pulping 101, and other parts of the process.
  • Geobacillus stearothermophilus can produce a biofilm or sludge, such as that depicted in FIG. 2.
  • Biofilm sludge, such as shown in FIG. 2 can become intermixed with tobacco pulp 114 during pulping 101, during mixture with diluent 144 and 146, and disrupt a sheet casting process 161.
  • deposits of biofilm on a casting felt surface 161 can inhibit tobacco pulp from being deposited in that location, which can result in perforations in a resulting reconstituted tobacco sheet. Perforations in a
  • reconstituted tobacco sheet can reduce tear resistance, and thus complicate handling of the reconstituted tobacco sheet.
  • Physically removing a biofilm e.g., by flushing and/or skimming tank 141 and/or tank 143 can result in a loss of tobacco soluble, increase an amount of fresh inputs needed, and/or increase the time needed to produce reconstituted tobacco sheets.
  • peroxides can additionally inhibit/control the growth of the entire bacterial population, including bacteria that can form to produce TSNAs.
  • methods provided herein can include one or more peroxides in one or more fluid streams to inhibit the growth of bacteria that produce TSNAs.
  • TSNAs are nitrosation products of secondary and tertiary alkaloid amines in tobacco.
  • TSNAs are the result of a chemical reaction between tobacco alkaloids, such as nicotine and nornicotine, and unstable NO x radicals (e.g., N0 2 , N 2 0 3 , and/or N 2 0 4 ), which can accumulate as a result of nitrate reduction by bacteria.
  • TSNAs are known in the art and include, for example, N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l- butanone (NNK), N'-nitrosoanatabine (NAT), N'-nitrosoanabasine (NAB), and 4-
  • methods provided herein include hydrogen peroxide in one or more fluid streams contacting tobacco pulp in order limit and/or control a bacterial population within tank 141 and/or tank 143.
  • hydrogen peroxide can be separated from tobacco pulp with water by pressing, evaporation, and/or decomposition. Hydrogen peroxide is soluble in water and evaporates at a rate similar to water, thus hydrogen peroxide can be used in fluid streams contacting tobacco pulp without building up a hydrogen peroxide concentration in the tobacco pulp. In some cases, hydrogen peroxide can decompose into oxygen and water due to heat and/or time.
  • a heated drying roller can be applied to a reconstituted tobacco sheet including residual hydrogen peroxide to cause the hydrogen peroxide to decompose into oxygen and water.
  • a reconstituted tobacco sheet including residual hydrogen peroxide can be stored for a predetermined amount of time in order to reduce a residual hydrogen peroxide concentration below a predetermined limit.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés de fabrication de tabac reconstitué, qui consistent à mettre en contact un mélange comprenant une pâte de tabac avec un ou plusieurs flux de fluide comprenant un ou plusieurs peroxydes (par exemple, du peroxyde d'hydrogène), récupérer un ou plusieurs fluides à partir du mélange de pâte de tabac, et réutiliser les fluides récupérés dans au moins une autre étape de mise en contact de pâte de tabac. Dans certains cas, les procédés de l'invention peuvent récupérer un ou plusieurs fluides comprenant un ou plusieurs peroxydes, de telle sorte que l'au moins une autre étape de mise en contact de pâte de tabac consiste à mettre en contact la pâte de tabac avec un fluide comprenant un ou plusieurs peroxydes.
PCT/US2014/035709 2014-04-28 2014-04-28 Peroxydes pour limiter des biofilms et des nitrosamines spécifiques au tabac Ceased WO2015167430A1 (fr)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE541198C2 (en) * 2016-11-02 2019-04-30 Winnington Ab Defibrated tobacco raw material
US10772349B2 (en) 2012-02-13 2020-09-15 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Whitened tobacco compostion
US11369131B2 (en) 2019-09-13 2022-06-28 Nicoventures Trading Limited Method for whitening tobacco
US11805804B2 (en) 2019-09-11 2023-11-07 Nicoventures Trading Limited Alternative methods for whitening tobacco
US11877590B2 (en) 2019-03-27 2024-01-23 Fiedler & Lundgren Ab Smokeless tobacco composition
US11937626B2 (en) 2020-09-04 2024-03-26 Nicoventures Trading Limited Method for whitening tobacco
US12063953B2 (en) 2019-09-11 2024-08-20 Nicoventures Trading Limited Method for whitening tobacco

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB832991A (en) * 1956-10-19 1960-04-21 Francisco Romero Prats 11 Improvements in or relating to a process of treating tobacco
US4366824A (en) * 1981-06-25 1983-01-04 Philip Morris Incorporated Process for expanding tobacco
US6755200B1 (en) * 1999-11-19 2004-06-29 Philip Morris Incorporated Method for reduction of tobacco specific nitrosamines
US20080209586A1 (en) 2007-02-23 2008-08-28 U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company Novel tobacco compositions and methods of making

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB832991A (en) * 1956-10-19 1960-04-21 Francisco Romero Prats 11 Improvements in or relating to a process of treating tobacco
US4366824A (en) * 1981-06-25 1983-01-04 Philip Morris Incorporated Process for expanding tobacco
US6755200B1 (en) * 1999-11-19 2004-06-29 Philip Morris Incorporated Method for reduction of tobacco specific nitrosamines
US20080209586A1 (en) 2007-02-23 2008-08-28 U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company Novel tobacco compositions and methods of making

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BUSH ET AL., RECENT ADVANCES IN TOBACCO SCIENCE, vol. 27, 2001, pages 23 - 46

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10772349B2 (en) 2012-02-13 2020-09-15 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Whitened tobacco compostion
US11166486B2 (en) 2012-02-13 2021-11-09 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Whitened tobacco composition
SE541198C2 (en) * 2016-11-02 2019-04-30 Winnington Ab Defibrated tobacco raw material
US11877590B2 (en) 2019-03-27 2024-01-23 Fiedler & Lundgren Ab Smokeless tobacco composition
US11805804B2 (en) 2019-09-11 2023-11-07 Nicoventures Trading Limited Alternative methods for whitening tobacco
US12063953B2 (en) 2019-09-11 2024-08-20 Nicoventures Trading Limited Method for whitening tobacco
US12302939B2 (en) 2019-09-11 2025-05-20 Nicoventures Trading Limited Alternative methods for whitening tobacco
US11369131B2 (en) 2019-09-13 2022-06-28 Nicoventures Trading Limited Method for whitening tobacco
US11937626B2 (en) 2020-09-04 2024-03-26 Nicoventures Trading Limited Method for whitening tobacco

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