WO2015189453A1 - Système et procédé de mesure des tensions des agencements capacitifs des sous-modules d'un convertisseur de puissance multiniveau à stockage distribué d'énergie (mmc) et convertisseur mmc - Google Patents

Système et procédé de mesure des tensions des agencements capacitifs des sous-modules d'un convertisseur de puissance multiniveau à stockage distribué d'énergie (mmc) et convertisseur mmc Download PDF

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WO2015189453A1
WO2015189453A1 PCT/ES2015/070456 ES2015070456W WO2015189453A1 WO 2015189453 A1 WO2015189453 A1 WO 2015189453A1 ES 2015070456 W ES2015070456 W ES 2015070456W WO 2015189453 A1 WO2015189453 A1 WO 2015189453A1
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sub
voltage
sms
smi
capacitive
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Ricard Picas Prat
Jordi ZARAGOZA BARTOMEU
Josep Pou Fèlix
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Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya UPC
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Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya UPC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/40—Testing power supplies

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns, in general and in a first aspect, a system for measuring the voltages of the capacitive arrangements, in general formed by a capacitor (C), of the sub-modules (SMs) of a multilevel power converter with distributed energy storage, commonly known as MMC converter (MMC: Modular Multilevel Converter), and more particularly to a system comprising a number of voltage sensors lower than the number of MMC converter sub-modules.
  • C capacitor
  • MMC converter Modular Multilevel Converter
  • a second aspect of the invention concerns an MMC converter that includes the measurement system of the first aspect.
  • a third aspect of the invention concerns a method of measuring the voltages of the capacitive arrangements of the sub-modules of an MMC converter, which comprises combining real measurements with estimated measurements, taking advantage of the knowledge about the state of activation / deactivation of the MMC converter sub-modules.
  • the present invention relates, in general, to power electronics, and more particularly, in reducing the number of voltage sensors used to measure the voltages of the capacitive arrangements of each SM in an MMC converter.
  • These types of converters are mainly used in high voltage applications, especially in direct current power transmission (HVDC: High Voltage Direct Current), and more recently in high power motor drive.
  • HVDC High Voltage Direct Current
  • the present invention relates to a multilevel converter with distributed energy storage, that is, a device for converting direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC), or vice versa, commonly known as MMC.
  • MMC alternating current
  • the basic topology of this converter was patented in DE10103031B4, although other variants have been published in WO2007023064A1, WO2009149743A1, US8599591B2, and DE102011086087A1.
  • This converter is formed by two branches or semi-phases connected between one of the terminals of the continuous bus and the exit point. Each of these branches consists of the serial union of N identical cells or sub-modules plus an inductance [1].
  • the SMs are formed by a capacitive arrangement, generally formed by a capacitor (C), and by a static converter, usually in the form of a half-bridge or a complete bridge (fiill-bridge).
  • C capacitor
  • static converter usually in the form of a half-bridge or a complete bridge (fiill-bridge).
  • These SMs work as a voltage source, contributing the tensions of the capacitive arrangements to the branch when they are activated or providing a practically zero voltage when they are deactivated.
  • the branch tension consists of the sum of the tensions contributed by each one of the activated SMs minus the voltage drops of all the SMs, generally insignificant.
  • the number of SMs that must be active at any time can be defined by various modulation techniques [2-4].
  • Modulation techniques generally define the number of SMs to be activated, but not which specific SMs should be activated.
  • a voltage balancing algorithm [5] is normally used, which decides the specific SM that will be activated in order to maintain the same voltage in all the SMs. In order to apply this algorithm it is necessary to know all the tensions of the capacitive dispositions of the SMs.
  • the voltages of the capacitive arrangements of the SMs are currently measured by sensors between the terminals of the relevant capacitive arrangements.
  • the number of SMs per branch can amount to hundreds [6]. For this reason, the high amount of voltage measurements and their adaptation for further processing complicates the implementation and control of this converter, while compromising its reliability. So far, some technique has been developed to reduce the processing time of the voltages [7] but not to reduce the number of sensors needed. There are also some techniques of control without feedback in which the voltages are not measured [8], but their stability and reliability is very reduced.
  • the present invention concerns, in a first aspect, a system for measuring the voltages of the capacitive arrangements of the sub-modules of a multilevel power converter with distributed energy storage (MMC), wherein said power converter comprises at least a phase formed by two semi-phases, each of which comprises two or more sub-modules connected in series, and where each sub-module comprises a capacitive arrangement comprising one or more capacitors, two output terminals and a means of switching that alternatively connect the two output terminals with the ends of the capacitive arrangement, for an activated state of the sub-module, or short-circuited each other, for a deactivated state of the sub-module.
  • MMC distributed energy storage
  • the measurement system of the present invention typically comprises:
  • - processing means with inputs arranged to receive the voltage values of the measurements made by said two or more voltage sensors, and configured for, from at least information received on the activated / deactivated state of each sub-module :
  • each of said capacitive arrangements comprises a single capacitor, but the system is valid for measuring the voltage of any possible configuration of capacitive arrangements, such as that formed by several capacitors connected in series and / or parallel.
  • the processing means are configured to make said determination that the voltage measurement performed by at least one of said two or more voltage sensors substantially corresponds to a real voltage measurement in the capacitive arrangement of an activated sub-module of its respective serial arrangement of sub-modules, if only said sub-module is activated.
  • the measurement system comprises two or more semi-phase voltage sensors, each of which is configured to measure the voltage between the end terminals of a series arrangement of two or more sub-modules.
  • the processing means are configured, according to an exemplary embodiment, to record the measured / estimated voltage values for each capacitive arrangement and to update them when they receive a measure determined as actual for a capacitive arrangement, and the processing means comprise a output to send the measured, estimated and updated voltage values to a means for balancing the voltages in the capacitive arrangements.
  • the measurement system comprises at least one semi-phase current sensor configured to measure the current flowing through its respective semi-phase
  • the processing means comprising an input to receive the measured current values and being configured to carry out said estimation of the voltages in the capacitive arrangements from the received current values, the capacity values of the capacitive arrangements and information on the activated / deactivated state of the respective sub-module.
  • the processing means comprising an input to receive the measured current values and being configured to carry out said estimation of the voltages in the capacitive arrangements from the received current values, the capacity values of the capacitive arrangements and information on the activated / deactivated state of the respective sub-module.
  • other ways of carrying out such estimates of tensions in the capacitive arrangements are also possible.
  • the processing means comprise meters that count the time that the voltage measurements for each capacitive arrangement have not been updated, and are configured to, if the time counted by at least one of said counters is longer at a limit value and higher than the rest of the counters, force the activation of the associated sub-module.
  • the said forced activation can be implemented in different ways, such as acting directly on the sub-modules (for example through a logic circuitry arranged at the output of the balancing control means of the voltages in the capacitive arrangements), preferably this is carried out by means of the voltage balancing control means in the capacitive arrangements, for which the processing means are configured to carry out said forced activation by varying the values of voltage sent to such balancing control means.
  • the processing means comprise means for updating and estimating stresses, responsible for the previously described estimation of stresses for each capacitive arrangement and for updating their values with the actual measurements when they are available, and forced activation means, which, as the name implies, are responsible for the forced activation of the sub-modules as described in the previous paragraphs.
  • the measurement system is a redundant system comprising additional voltage sensors, each of which is configured to measure the voltage of a respective semi-phase of the converter, the processing means comprising inputs arranged to receive information on the voltage values of the measurements made by said additional voltage sensors and being configured to perform a redundancy check comparing each of said voltage values with the sum of the voltage values of each semi-phase measured by the voltage sensors, and act accordingly based on the result of said comparison.
  • the redundant system also comprises other voltage sensors arranged in parallel to the voltage sensors described above, thereby increasing the redundancy in the measurements.
  • the measurement system is applied to a single-phase converter or a three-phase converter, in the latter case comprising at least one voltage sensor for each of the six semi-phases of the converter.
  • a second aspect of the invention concerns a multilevel power converter with distributed energy storage (MMC), wherein said power converter comprises at least one phase formed by two semi-phases, each of which comprises two or more sub- modules connected in series, and where each sub-module comprises a capacitive arrangement comprising one or more capacitors, two output terminals and switching means that connect, alternatively, to the two output terminals with the ends of the capacitive arrangement, for an activated state of the sub-module, or short-circuited to each other, for a deactivated state of the sub-module.
  • MMC distributed energy storage
  • the one proposed by the second aspect of the present invention comprises, in a characteristic way, the measurement system of the first aspect, with each of said voltage sensors connected between the end terminals of respective arrangements. in series of two or more sub-modules.
  • the converter comprises modulation means that generate a modulation signal, and balancing control means that receive said modulation signal, by an input, and the measured, estimated and updated voltage values by the processing means, by another input, and, based on the signal and the values received and a criterion of balancing the voltages in the capacitive arrangements, generates and sends, by a respective output, to the switching means of the sub-modules and the processing means some activation / deactivation signals.
  • a third aspect of the present invention concerns a method of measuring the voltages of the capacitive arrangements of the sub-modules of a multilevel power converter with distributed energy storage, wherein said power converter comprises at least one phase formed by two semi-phases, each of which comprises two or more sub-modules connected in series, and where each sub-module comprises a capacitive arrangement comprising one or more capacitors, two output terminals and switching means that connect, of alternatively, to the two output terminals with the ends of the capacitive arrangement, for an activated state of the sub-module, or short-circuited to each other, for a deactivated state of the sub-module.
  • the one proposed by the third aspect of the present invention comprises performing, automatically, the following steps:
  • the method comprises establishing that said validation process offers a positive result if the voltage measurement has been performed when only a sub-module of the respective serial arrangement of sub-modules was activated and this is the which includes said capacitive arrangement with respect to which to determine said actual voltage measurement.
  • the method of the third aspect of the present invention comprises, to measure the voltage of the capacitive arrangement of a sub-module of interest, perform the following steps:
  • said stage bl) comprises:
  • blb count the time that the voltage measurements for the capacitive arrangement of the sub-module of interest have not been updated, and if this is greater than a limit value and greater than the one for the voltage measurements for the capacitive arrangements of the rest of the sub -modules, modify the estimated voltage value and send said modified value to means for controlling voltage balancing in the capacitive arrangements of the converter to force the activation of the sub-module of interest.
  • the method comprises using the measurement system of the first aspect for measuring the voltages of the capacitive arrangements of the sub-modules of a multilevel power converter with distributed energy storage.
  • the present invention allows, in all its aspects, to measure the capacitor voltages (or capacitor clusters, if applicable) of all the SMs of a semi-phase or branch without having to use an independent sensor for each SM.
  • the strategy is to connect the sensors between the output of multiple SMs connected in series and take measurements when only one of the SMs associated with a specific voltage sensor is activated. In this way, the voltage measured by the sensors corresponds to the capacitor voltage of the activated SM minus the voltage drops in the same SM and in the other deactivated SMs (small and that can be easily estimated).
  • the present invention can be used with a single sensor for each semi-phase of the converter, to be able to be used for any modulation index and number of SMs, the minimum number of voltage sensors required per semi- phase are two. You can also use more sensors to increase the measurement frequency. The measures taken are used to update the values of voltage estimators, which calculate the voltage of the capacitors when actual measurements are not available.
  • One of the main applications of this proposed measurement method is its use as an alternative to using an individual voltage sensor for each SM. In this way, a drastic reduction in the number of sensors used is achieved, reducing the costs of the converter and its control system.
  • Another application is its use as a redundant system to individual sensors, allowing to detect sensor failures and replacing the wrong sensor measurements.
  • Figure 1 shows by way of explanatory example, the block diagram of the MMC converter proposed by the second aspect of the invention comprising a control system that includes the voltage measurement system proposed by the first aspect of the invention, for a embodiment example.
  • Figure 2 shows the MMC converter of Figure 1 when the control system is complemented by a forced measurement update algorithm.
  • Figure 3 shows a flow chart of the measurement method proposed by the third aspect of the invention, or method of estimating and updating the capacitor voltages, for an exemplary embodiment.
  • the algorithm corresponding to this flowchart is performed independently for each SM.
  • the subscripts j and n are used, which indicate respectively the upper (s) and lower (i) half-phase and the number of SM.
  • Figure 4 shows the flow chart of Figure 3 complemented by an update force algorithm.
  • Figure 5 shows the scheme of an SM of the MMC converter, where its output is specified (indicated as OSM where the switching means SW are formed by a semi-bridge structure.
  • Figure 8 shows the example of a situation suitable for measuring the capacitor voltages by means of the proposed strategy and using two sensors per semi-phase. With the solid line, the activated SMs are shown, which connect the capacitors in series to the semi-phase, and with the broken line the deactivated SMs are shown, which act as short circuits.
  • Figure 9 shows an example of a three-phase MMC converter, according to the second aspect of the invention (phases a, b and c), with the measurement system of the first aspect comprising two semi-phase voltage sensors.
  • Figure 10 shows a variation of the measurement topology, using three sensors per semi-phase. Although the example is performed with three sensors, the measurement system is expandable to any number of sensors up to a maximum of N per semi-phase (using one sensor per SM).
  • Figure 11 shows an exemplary embodiment of the measuring system of the first aspect of the invention, for which it has an improved topology with redundancy, in which a third sensor measures all the semi-phase voltage.
  • Figure 12 shows the topology of Figure 11 with increased redundancy, using sensors in parallel.
  • Figure 13 shows an example of the application of the measurement system, using it as a redundant system when the capacitor voltage of each SM is already measured individually.
  • Figure 14 shows the simulation results of the voltages in the capacitors when the measurement system proposed by the present invention (a) and (b) is used, for the topology illustrated in Figure 1 (both as regards the MMC converter as to the measurement system), and when an individual sensor is used for each SM (c) and (d), for the same MMC converter topology.
  • Figure 15 shows the experimental results of the capacitor voltages when the measurement system proposed by the present invention (a) and (b) is used, for the topology illustrated in Figure 1, and when an individual sensor is used for each SM (c) and (d), for the same MMC converter topology.
  • the balance control selects the most suitable SMs in order to keep all the capacitor voltages as close as possible. This control is normally based on ordering all the capacitor voltages of each semi-phase in ascending or descending order in order to select the activation of the SMs with the most appropriate voltages. If the current in the semi-phase is negative (discharge the capacitors), the SMs must be activated with the highest voltages.
  • the SMs must be activated with the lowest voltages.
  • This balancing technique like other alternative techniques, requires knowing each switching cycle all the voltages in the capacitors. In applications with a high number of SMs, the measurement of these voltages entails a high cost. This is due to the large number of sensors required, with their respective wiring in a hostile environment (electromagnetic noise), and the need for a large number of input ports in the control system.
  • the present invention proposes a system / method for measuring the capacitor voltages without using an independent sensor located between the terminals of each capacitor.
  • the system is based on dividing the semi-phases of the converter into blocks, placing the sensors at the output of each SM or between the output of several of them, and thus measuring the voltage that each block brings to the branch, that is , the sum of the output voltages of all the SMs in the block.
  • the voltage of the measuring block will be acquired when only one of its SMs is activated, so that the voltage measured by the sensor is approximately equal to the voltage of the capacitive arrangement (generally formed by a capacitor) of the activated SM.
  • the difference between the measured and the actual voltage corresponds mainly to the voltage drops in the activated SM and in the other deactivated SMs, a value that can be considered negligible or easily calculated.
  • the proposed measurement system and method is complemented, for an exemplary embodiment, with a voltage estimation system / method in the capacitors of the sub-modules (or in general in the capacitive arrangements). Knowing the duty cycle and the current flowing through each semi-phase, the values of the voltages in the capacitors are estimated by mathematical equations that relate voltages and currents in the capacitors, which include integral functions. The estimated voltages are updated every time a real measurement is produced in the corresponding SM. In this way, the error accumulated by the estimator is corrected periodically every few switching cycles.
  • the system / method of the present invention can be applied using only one sensor for each semi-phase, but then, its application range is limited, since the voltage could only be measured when only one SM in the entire semi-phase was activated, a situation that is not produced by operating with low modulation rates.
  • the ideal configuration consists of two sensors, the number can be expanded in order to increase the reliability and accuracy in the measurement of the voltage of each capacitor. Increasing the number of sensors increases the probability that there is only one active SM per sensor, and therefore increases the frequency of measurement and updating of the estimators.
  • the system / method of the present invention does not force the updating of the voltage measurement in the capacitors, but takes advantage of the favorable occasions that appear.
  • the measurement system / method of the present invention is complemented by an update force algorithm. If after a preventive time the voltages of all SMs have not been updated naturally, this algorithm modifies the update priority of the SMs to facilitate their activation alone and allow their voltage to be measured.
  • Figure 1 shows both the measurement system proposed by the first aspect of the invention, and the converter of the second aspect that includes it, for an embodiment for which the aforementioned as processing means comprise an estimating block ( 1) (or update block and voltage estimator) that calculates the capacitor voltages and updates the estimated value each time there is a value available in the voltage measurement sensors (8), which in this case comprise two sensors ( 9), SENs and SENs2, in the upper semi-phase and two sensors (10), SENil and SEN ⁇ 2, in the lower semi-phase of the single-phase converter (11).
  • This estimate is made, for the illustrated example, from the branch current, measured by the current sensors SENci and SENc 2 (7) and the switching state (s S vegeta) or S j consent)) of each SM (4).
  • the estimated voltages (2) are sent to the balancing control (3), which will decide which specific SMs must be activated, complying with the number of SMs (6) defined by the modulator (5).
  • the flow chart followed by the estimator block (1) in a repetitive manner for each SM is shown in Figure 3, according to an example of embodiment of the method proposed by the third aspect of the invention.
  • Al the system voltages and currents are measured.
  • box A2 it is checked if there is only one SM activated in the corresponding measurement block.
  • this SM will update the value of its estimator with the value measured by the sensor, as indicated in box A5.
  • the capacitor voltage will be estimated from the semi-phase current and the state of the SM (4) (on or off ), as indicated in box A3.
  • the estimated values and the actual measurements are sent to the balanced control, as indicated in box A6.
  • Figure 2 shows both the measurement system proposed by the first aspect of the invention, and the converter of the second aspect that includes it, for an example of embodiment for which the processing means comprise, in addition to the estimator block (1 ), a forced activation block, referred to as "Force algorithm” (14), which complements the measurement strategy.
  • the block diagram illustrated is like the one in Figure 1 but modified by the inclusion of the forcing algorithm block (14) between the output (2) of the block (1) and an input of the balancing control block (3).
  • This algorithm acts when the time that an SM has not been updated in the estimator exceeds the allowed limit, indicated by the signal (13) of a cycle counter.
  • the forcing algorithm (14) modifies the input voltages to the balancing control (15) in order to modify the activation priority of the SM and force the voltage measurement update of its capacitor.
  • the forcing is only performed for one SM at a time, applying it to the SM with a higher counter value, that is, it takes longer without updating, which is checked in F4. If all conditions are met, the estimated voltages of the capacitors (15), in F5, to be sent (in F6) to the balancing control will be modified / falsified, thereby increasing the priority of the SM to be measured and decreasing the of the other SMs in the block, thus facilitating it to be activated alone, since the balancing control block will interpret, from such modified voltages, that the higher priority SM must be activated. Once the actual measurement is made, the counter will restart, as indicated in box F6. Both the modified values and the actual measurements are sent to the balance control, as indicated in box A6.
  • This Figure shows the distribution of the voltage sensors using the proposed strategy: two sensors (9), SEN s and SEN S 2, in the upper semi-phase and two sensors (10), SENu and SENi 2, in the lower semi-phase Unlike systems with an independent sensor for each SM (SENs Ms (n) or SENs M i (n)) as shown in Figure 6, in the proposed method each of the sensors measures the voltage provided by more than an SM.
  • FIG. 10 A variation of the measurement topology is shown in Figure 10, with the following distribution of the voltage sensors: three sensors, SEN sl , SEN s2 , SEN s3 , in the upper semi-phase and three sensors, SENu, SENi 2 , SEN ⁇ 3i in the lower semi-phase, each of which disposed between the end terminals of respective serial arrangements of SMs: SMs s (l) as (N / 3), s (N / 3 + l) as ( 2N / 3), s (2N / 3 + l) as (N) for the upper semi-phase and SMs i (l) ai (N / 3), i (N / 3 + l) ai (2N / 3) , i (2N / 3 + l) ai (N) for the lower semi-phase.
  • the main measuring blocks (9, 10) are complemented with blocks for measuring the total voltages of the upper (16) and lower (17) semi-phases, each one of them formed, in this case, by a voltage sensor (SEN ST O T A L , SEN ⁇ T O T A L ) -
  • Figure 1 1 The topology of Figure 1 1 is shown in Figure 12 with increased redundancy, using sensors in parallel (SEN S1-R , SEN S 2- R , SENU_ R , SEN ⁇ 2 - R, SENSTOTAL-R SENITOTAL-R), both the main sensors (SEN s (n ), SENi ( n )) and the semi-phase sensors (SEN S TOTAL, SENITOTAL) -
  • the measurement system proposed by the first aspect of the present invention has as its main application that of replacing the conventional measurement system based on the inclusion of a voltage sensor by SM, it can also be used in a complementary manner, that is, as illustrated in Figure 13, using it as a redundant system when the capacitor voltage of each SM is already measured individually.
  • 10 SMs are available per semi-phase and two voltage sensors per semi-phase (SEN s i and SEN S 2 in the upper semi-phase, SENu and SENi 2 in the lower semi-phase), so that each of them will measure the voltage of 5 SMs connected in series.
  • the measurement of each of the sensors will be considered valid when only one SM of the corresponding measurement block is activated. This measurement will be transmitted to the stress estimation block (1), which will correct its estimate with the actual measured value.
  • the estimation is made in each switching cycle based on the values of the current of the upper (SENc s ) and lower (SENQ) semi-phases and the work cycles of the SMs.
  • a redundancy check block must be included before the estimation block. This redundancy block must verify the coincidence between the sum in each semi-phase of the measurements of the main sensors SEN s (n) or SENi ( n ) (where n indicates the sensor number) with the measurement of the total semi sensor -SEN S TOTAL OR SEN ⁇ TOTAL phase- If it does not coincide, by means of a simple algorithm, the wrong sensor is detected and disabled. The voltage of the disabled block can be calculated as the difference between the total semi-phase sensor and the sum of the other sensors.
  • the redundant topology can be extended by adding sensors in parallel, both to the main sensors (SEN s (n) , SENi (n) ) and to the semi sensors - phase (SENSTOTAL, SENITOTAL) -
  • Figures 14 (a) and 14 (b) show the simulation results of the voltages in the capacitors of the upper semi-phase when the proposed measurement system is used with the conditions of this example. As can be seen, its result is very similar to that of Figures 14 (c) and 14 (d), where the simulation results of the voltages in the capacitors in the upper semi-phase are shown when a voltage sensor is used individual for the capacitor of each SM.
  • the experimental results are shown in Figure 15 comparing the proposed measurement system / method and the conventional measurement system / method.
  • Figures 15 (a) and 15 (b) The experimental results of the voltages in the capacitors of the upper semi-phase are shown when the proposed measurement system is used.
  • Figures 15 (c) and (d) show the experimental results of the capacitor voltages in the upper semi-phase when an individual sensor is used for each SM.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)

Abstract

Le système comprend: des capteurs de tension (SENs1, SENs2; SENi1, SENi2), qui sont respectivement configurés pour mesurer la tension entre les bornes d'un agencement en série de sous-modules (SMs(1)…SMs(n); SMi(1)…SMi(n)); et des moyens de traitement pour déterminer que la mesure de la tension effectuée est une mesure réelle de la tension dans le condensateur d'un sous-module activé et estimer les tensions dans les condensateurs des sous-modules désactivés ; ou estimer les tensions des condensateurs des sous-modules désactivés et de ceux activés. Le convertisseur MMC comprend le système de mesure du premier mode de réalisation. Le procédé consiste à combiner des mesures réelles avec des mesures estimées, en fonction de l'état d'activation/de désactivation des sous-modules du convertisseur MMC.
PCT/ES2015/070456 2014-06-11 2015-06-10 Système et procédé de mesure des tensions des agencements capacitifs des sous-modules d'un convertisseur de puissance multiniveau à stockage distribué d'énergie (mmc) et convertisseur mmc Ceased WO2015189453A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES201430893A ES2527704B2 (es) 2014-06-11 2014-06-11 Sistema y método de medida de las tensiones de las disposiciones capacitivas de los sub-módulos de un convertidor de potencia multinivel con almacenamiento distribuido de energía (MMC) y convertidor MMC
ESP201430893 2014-06-11

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WO2015189453A1 true WO2015189453A1 (fr) 2015-12-17

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CN107046375A (zh) * 2017-05-27 2017-08-15 湖南大学 一种桥臂单传感器的mmc环流控制方法
US20230071957A1 (en) * 2021-08-18 2023-03-09 Safran Electronics & Defense Electrical conversion system of multilevel type protected against an electrical overload

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WO2009149743A1 (fr) * 2008-06-09 2009-12-17 Abb Technology Ag Convertisseur de source de tension
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CN106872909A (zh) * 2017-03-15 2017-06-20 全球能源互联网研究院 一种适用于mmc换流阀子模块多级串联的功能试验装置
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CN107046375B (zh) * 2017-05-27 2019-03-12 湖南大学 一种桥臂单传感器的mmc环流控制方法
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US12126162B2 (en) * 2021-08-18 2024-10-22 Safran Electronics & Defense Electrical conversion system of multilevel type protected against an electrical overload

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