WO2016010507A1 - Solid fuel hot water boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

The present boiler comprises a housing with a double wall and a water-filled cavity, a combustion chamber, an air supply device having an air diffuser with connecting pipes which have vertically oriented parts, with openings, for immersion in a fuel and for supplying air thereto, a temperature gauge and a combustion temperature controller, an additional air duct for supplying air below the fuel, and grate bars, which are mounted in the bottom part of the combustion chamber such as to form a cavity. On the cover of the boiler there is mounted a duct with a built-in fan that is connected to a control unit, and the inlets of the air supply device and the additional air duct are connected to the inside space of the above-mentioned duct; furthermore, the inlet of the additional air duct is provided with a controllable gate, and the outlet is connected to the combustion chamber, in the bottom part thereof, such that air can be delivered below the grate bars. Between doors for the loading of fuel and the removal of ash, vertically elongate additional doors for the loading of fuel are provided such that the grate bars can be mounted in and removed from the combustion chamber. In the water-filled cavity, a secondary water-heating circuit is secured to the wall of the housing, said circuit having connecting pipes for the supply and removal of water to and from the secondary circuit.

Description

 Solid fuel boiler

The invention relates to heating devices for heating water for household needs and for use in heating domestic and industrial buildings, rooms equipped with water heating systems with forced or natural circulation of a coolant (water).

The closest analogue was a solid fuel boiler (Ukrainian patent La 84331, IPC F23B 60/00, published on 10/10/2013, bull. JY ° 19), which includes a double-walled housing with a cavity filled with water, a combustion chamber, an air supply device with an intermediate tank and an air diffuser having openings, a thermometer and a combustion regulator, the working parts of which are placed in a cavity in which the air supply device is rotatable around its central axis, inside of which there is a guide made with POSSIBILITY elongation for immersion in the vertical parts of fuel nozzles outside of the diffuser, the intermediate container is hollow, with a smooth outer surface and tapers downwardly. The surface of the combustion chamber is partially ribbed or with protrusions, the air diffuser is removable, attached to the intermediate tank and is made with nozzles having vertically oriented parts for immersing and supplying air to the fuel with holes, in the central part of which there is a hole for supplying air to the fuel from below, equipped with a means of immersion in fuel and air flow distribution, the intermediate tank is made in the form of a truncated cone or pyramid, or has a different geometric shape rmu, tapering downwards. The nozzles have any form of section, for example a rectangle, circle, ellipse or another. The air diffuser is made with removable nozzles distributed in a circle.

 The specified technical solution does not provide the possibility of using various types of fuel in a known boiler, the possibility of rational placement of fuel with an increase in its volume, which reduces its efficiency.

 The basis of the invention is the task of improving the solid fuel boiler with an increase in efficiency, duration of combustion and heat production.

The task is achieved in that the solid fuel boiler, which includes a housing with a double wall and a cavity filled with water, a combustion chamber, the vertical surface of which in the upper part is ribbed, an air supply device with an inlet connected to an equipped air valve and mounted on the lid the air intake pipe, and which is made with an intermediate tank, tapering downward, made hollow with a smooth outer surface and with a removable attached to the intermediate tank an air diffuser with nozzles having vertically oriented parts for immersing and supplying air to the fuel with openings, in the central part of which there is a hole for supplying air into the fuel from the bottom, equipped with means for immersing in the fuel and distributing the air flow, and with a guide located inside rotation around its central axis of the device for supplying air, which is made with the possibility of extension to ensure immersion in the fuel of the vertical parts of the patrol of the air diffuser, a thermometer and a combustion thermostat connected to the air valve, the working parts of which are located in the cavity, doors for loading fuel and for removing ash, water supply and discharge pipes, according to the invention, contains an additional an air duct for supplying air for fuel, grates installed in the lower part of the combustion chamber with the formation of a cavity, a box with a built-in fan connected to the control unit is installed on the boiler cover, and the inputs of the device for supplying air and an additional air duct are connected to the inside of the box, and the input the additional air duct is equipped with an adjustable valve, and the outlet is connected to the combustion chamber in its lower part with the possibility of supplying air under the grates, between the doors for loading fuel and To remove the ash formed additional door for loading the fuel to be mounted in the combustion chamber and removing the grate, and a cavity filled with water, secured to the housing wall a secondary water heating circuit which has inlet and outlet pipes of the secondary circuit water.

 According to the invention, an additional duct is installed outside the combustion chamber and under the boiler cover.

 According to the invention, the additional fuel loading doors are vertically elongated.

 According to the invention, the secondary water heating circuit is made in the form of a pipe arranged spirally radially in several turns in the upper part of the cavity.

The technical result consists in the possibility of efficient use of the inventive solid fuel boiler when burning various types of solid fuel, such as firewood, coal, peat, straw, the possibility of rational stacking of fuel with the reduction of voids between the fuel elements, which makes it possible to stack more fuel by 30% and increase the duration of combustion from one bookmark of fuel for 5 hours without increasing the volume of the combustion chamber, the possibility of using an additional heating circuit wa water to increase boiler functionality and provide connection to several circuits, for example, besides the possibility of connecting to heating systems, also the ability to connect hot water to the supply circuits used for bathing, washing and other needs, reducing the time the boiler enters the operating mode, which in turn provides increased work efficiency and efficiency of use the boiler, the boiler's heat output, an increase in efficiency of at least 5%, and makes the boiler universal.

 The invention is explained by the following images.

FIG. 1 - Section of a solid fuel boiler.

 FIG. 2 is a general view of a solid fuel boiler.

 FIG. 3, 4 - Sections of a solid fuel boiler with directions of air movement when using different types of fuel and with the direction of movement of the coolant (water) in the primary and secondary circuits.

The solid fuel boiler contains a double-walled housing and a cavity 15 filled with water, which is a water jacket located between the outer wall 3 and the combustion chamber (which is the inner wall of the housing), which has a lower part (firebox) 1 and an upper 2 made of ribbed that is, with protrusions, a cover 4, an air supply device with an air inlet and an air diffuser 5, an additional air duct 10 for supplying air under the fuel. The air supply device also includes an air supply pipe 30 with an adjustable air valve 31, which has a rotary mechanism 32 and is connected to a thermostat 29, a movable duct 7 installed on the guide 8, an intermediate tank 9 for preheating the air. The intermediate container 9 is attached to the movable duct 7 and is made in the form of a truncated cone or pyramid, or has another geometric shape, tapering downward. The air diffuser 5 is attached to the duct 7 movable, made removable and with removable or non-removable distributed around the pipe 6, having vertically oriented parts for immersion and air supply to the fuel with holes. If necessary, limiters are placed in these holes to control the height of the layer of simultaneously combusted fuel. The nozzles 6 can be made of different lengths relative to the horizontal plane to allow them to be immersed in fuel at different points on the working surface, for example, part of the nozzles 6 is made to be immersed in the fuel closer to the center of the combustion chamber, the other part is further from the center. In the central part of the air diffuser 5, a hole for supplying air to the fuel is provided at the bottom, equipped with means for immersing in the fuel and distributing the air flow. The nozzles 6 may have any sectional shape, for example a rectangle, circle, ellipse or another. The upper part of the surface of the combustion chamber 2 along the perimeter is ribbed (with protrusions) starting from the level of the lower horizontal surface of the hole for loading fuel 24, and ends at the level of the upper edge of the housing. On the boiler cover 4 are installed: a chimney pipe 14, an air supply pipe 30 with an adjustable air valve 31 connected to a combustion regulator 29, a movable duct 7 and a guide for the movable duct 8. The movable duct 7 is movable as the fuel burns to allow immersion in fuel nozzles 6 and means of immersion in fuel and air distribution.

A box 18 is also installed on the boiler lid with a built-in fan 33 connected to the control unit, designed to provide forced air supply to the air supply device and to the additional air duct through their inlets. The inputs of the device for supplying air and an additional duct 10 are connected to the inner space of the duct 18. In this case, the input of the device for supplying air also connected to the air supply pipe 30. The fan control unit may be remote or stationary. The additional duct 10 has an independent outlet connected to the combustion chamber in its lower part with the possibility of supplying air under the grates 17, that is, below the grates installed in the lower part of the combustion chamber with the formation of a small free space (blowing) from the bottom. The inlet of the additional duct 10 is equipped with an adjustable gate valve (gate), the position of which is manually adjusted, and if necessary, it can be made with an electric control unit for opening and closing the valve with intermediate positions. The valve (gate) is installed with the possibility of completely or partially blocking the input of the additional air duct 10. The output of the additional air duct 10, which is the entrance to the combustion chamber, is made independent of the air supply device, which provides independent air supply to the combustion chamber under the grates, the volume of which is This design does not depend on the cross-sectional area of the structural elements of the device for air supply and does not require calculation of the distribution of the volume of air flow between the two ducts, but flax only the cross-sectional area of the additional duct, which allows you to prudently provide the calculated amount of air for the fuel and into the fuel for efficient combustion of fuel. An additional duct 10 is installed outside the combustion chamber under the boiler cover. Grids 17 are installed in the lower part of the combustion chamber. The surface of the grate, on which the fuel is laid out, can be made flat with slots or in the form of a lattice.

Between the doors for loading fuel 24 and for removing ash 26, additional doors 25 for loading fuel are installed in the combustion chamber and remove grates 17. Additional doors 25 for loading fuel are made vertically elongated. Doors 24, 25, 26 are made in the front of the boiler and are closed hermetically.

 In the cavity 15, in its upper part, a secondary water heating circuit 1 1 is mounted on the wall of the housing, having a supply pipe 23 and a secondary circuit water outlet 22. In one of the possible designs, the secondary water heating circuit 1 1 is made in the form of a pipe arranged spirally radially in several turns in the upper part of the cavity 15.

 In the upper part of the boiler, in a water jacket, a thermometer 28 and a threaded sleeve 13 with a temperature regulator 29 (combustion regulator) mechanical are placed in an airtight socket 12.

 In the rear part of the boiler on the outer wall of the casing there are fixed pipes for supply 21 and water outlet 20 for the main circuit and pipes for supply 23 and water outlet 22 of the secondary circuit, which are led out through the boiler decorative casing. The solid fuel boiler has a heat insulation 16, placed around the perimeter of the housing, which is closed with a decorative casing 34.

 The solid fuel boiler works as follows.

The nozzles of the inlet 21 and the water outlet 20 of the main circuit and the nozzles of the inlet 23 and the water outlet 22 of the secondary circuit are connected to the various water circuits, respectively.

 Raise the air diffuser 5 by the handle of the cable 27 and fix in the upper position by fixing the cable, the handle of which is fixed on the hook 19. Open the doors 24, 25 and through the fuel loading holes that are closed by these doors, load solid fuel into the combustion chamber. At the same time, fuel is laid rationally, tightly, without voids through the fuel loading openings. Chips and ignition paper are placed on top of the loaded fuel.

Turning the knob of the combustion regulator 29 closes the air valve 31. Doors for removing ash 26 and doors 24, 25 tightly close. Kindle fuel from above. After the fuel has flared up, lower the air diffuser 5 with immersion in the fuel nozzles 6.

 In the proposed solid fuel boiler, solid fuel uses firewood, wood waste, coal, etc.

 When using solid fuel, in addition to coal, using the handle of the thermostat 29 open the air valve 31. Set the required temperature on the scale of the thermostat.

 Air through the inlet of the air supply device connected to the air supply pipe 30 enters the air duct 7 and enters the fuel through the air diffuser 5.

 As the fuel burns, the air diffuser lowers down along the guide. The amount of air entering the combustion chamber is automatically controlled by the temperature controller 29 using an air valve 31.

 In the case of forced air supply when using solid fuel, in addition to coal (Fig. 3), the air valve 31 is left closed by disconnecting it from the thermostat 29, the valve (gate) of the additional air duct 10 is closed, the fan mounted on the duct is turned on, and air is supplied to air supply device.

When using coal (Fig. 4), the valve 31 is left closed, air is forcibly supplied from the duct 18 to the inlets of the additional duct 10 and the air supply device. In this case, the inlet of the additional duct 10 is fully opened or partially covered by a valve (gate), regulating the amount of air supplied under the grates and into the fuel, while regulating the intensity of fuel combustion. The combustion rate of the fuel is also regulated by the amount of rarefaction in the chimney with a clamp, which, if necessary, is additionally installed in the chimney. The inventive solid fuel boiler is simple to manufacture, and the above information confirms the possibility of its industrial implementation using well-known materials and known equipment.

Claims

Formula 1. The boiler is a solid fuel hot water boiler, which includes a housing with a double wall and a cavity filled with water, a combustion chamber, the vertical surface of which is ribbed in the upper part, an air supply device with an inlet connected to an air valve and an air intake pipe mounted on the lid, and which is made with an intermediate tank, tapering downward, made hollow with a smooth outer surface and with a removable air diffuser attached to the intermediate tank with nozzles, with vertically oriented parts for immersing and supplying air to the fuel with holes, in the central part of which a hole for supplying air to the fuel is provided at the bottom, equipped with means for immersing in the fuel and distributing the air flow, and with a guide located inside which is rotatable around its central axis devices for supplying air, made with the possibility of extension to ensure immersion in the fuel of the vertical parts of the nozzles of the air diffuser, thermometer and connection a combustion thermostat connected with an air valve, the working parts of which are located in the cavity, doors for loading fuel and for removing ash, nozzles for supplying and discharging water, characterized in that it contains an additional air duct for supplying air for the fuel, grates installed in the lower part of the combustion chamber with the formation of a cavity, a box with a built-in fan connected to the control unit is installed on the boiler cover, and the inputs of the device for supplying air and an additional duct are connected to the internal space plenum box, and the input of the additional duct is equipped with an adjustable valve, and the output is connected to the combustion chamber in its lower part with the possibility of supplying air under the grates, between the doors for loading fuel and for removing ash, additional doors for loading fuel are made with the possibility of installing in the combustion chamber and removing grates, and in the cavity filled with water, a secondary water heating circuit is mounted on the housing wall, which has secondary water supply and exhaust pipes.  2. The solid fuel boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional duct is installed outside the combustion chamber and under the boiler cover.  3. The solid fuel boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional doors for loading fuel are vertically elongated.  4. The solid fuel boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary water heating circuit is made in the form of a pipe arranged spirally radially in several turns in the upper part of the cavity.