WO2016013025A2 - Conception d'un photobioréacteur permettant la production d'un biodiesel à base d'algues peu coûteux - Google Patents

Conception d'un photobioréacteur permettant la production d'un biodiesel à base d'algues peu coûteux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016013025A2
WO2016013025A2 PCT/IN2015/000295 IN2015000295W WO2016013025A2 WO 2016013025 A2 WO2016013025 A2 WO 2016013025A2 IN 2015000295 W IN2015000295 W IN 2015000295W WO 2016013025 A2 WO2016013025 A2 WO 2016013025A2
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Prior art keywords
algae
photo
bioreactor
sunlight
level
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PCT/IN2015/000295
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WO2016013025A3 (fr
Inventor
Prakash Tarun KUMAR
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/12—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing fuels or solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/50—Means for positioning or orientating the apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M31/00—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light
    • C12M31/08—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light by conducting or reflecting elements located inside the reactor or in its structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M43/00—Combinations of bioreactors or fermenters with other apparatus
    • C12M43/08—Bioreactors or fermenters combined with devices or plants for production of electricity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
    • C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock

Definitions

  • This invention aims to reduce the dependence on hydrocarbons for fuelling our
  • biodiesel from microalgae which is a renewable source of energy at low cost by using a modified design of photo-bioreactor.
  • This invention relates to increase the yield of algae biodiesel and use the byproducts and other renewable technologies to make the cost of production low.
  • the primary objective of the invention is to develop a low cost renewable fuel to replace the current hydrocarbons which are non-renewable and cause extreme harm to the environment.
  • the secondary objective is to improve the design of the photo bioreactor so as to increase the yield at minimal cost by utilizing the natural resources efficiently.
  • the objective is to reduce the overall production cost by utilizing the byproducts in profitable way and devising a profitable business model with this invention; while ensuring less harm occurs to the environment.
  • This invention aims to reduce the high cost of algae biodiesel production and overcome the difficulties present in the current production method.
  • bioreactors are inefficient as the cost of production of biodiesel associated with them are relatively high; due to which their use is limited. They do not utilize the area available to them efficiently, which can result in increase of their yield. Also they don't utilize the natural resources properly and the byproducts are not used in innovate way which results in the increase in production cost. We need a solution to this problem as the need for nonrenewable energy source is on rise because the hydrocarbon based fuels are going to be depleted soon.
  • This invention of modified photo bioreactor uses microalgae to produce biodiesel as it can be easily grown in any part of world with just basic nutrients due to its unicellular or simple multicellular structure. It donsist of three levels of photo bioreactor; each level with 4 system for growing algae. This indention includes solar panel system to generate electricity for the machinery and uses long reflectors placed on both sides of the photo bioreactor to reflect sunlight onto the photo bioreactors,
  • This invention helps to reduce our dependence on hydrocarbons by providing an alternative source of fuel.
  • the major advantage of this invention is that it helps to reduce the harm on environment caused by hydrocarbons and combat problems like air pollution, Global warming.
  • This invention mainly reduces the cost of production of algae biodiesel, which would help common people as they would save a lot of money on diesel by using biodiesel.
  • Sheet 1 depicts the front view and titled view of the modified design of the photo bioreactor without the pumping system in two figures.
  • Sheet 2 has three figures; two depicting the side view and front view of the solar panels placed on the side of photo bioreactors and third figure depicts the pumping system which will be attached to the front and back of photo bioreactors.
  • Sheet 3 has three figures; two depicted the side and front view of the reflectors placed at bottom of photo bioreactors and third figure depicts the front view of the photo bioreactor with the pumping system.
  • Sheet 4 shows the side view of .the three levels of photo bioreactor system, with solar panels and pumping system.
  • Sheet 5 shows the vie from middle of the levels of photo bioreactor system constructed on large scale. ' . '
  • Sheet 6 depicts the top view of the reflectors placed at a certain ⁇ distance from bottom of the photo bioreactor system.
  • Sheet 7 depicts the front view of the photo bioreactor system of all levels, with the pumping system and reflectors.
  • This invention of modified photo, bioreactor increases the capacity of algae growth by using different systems for their cultivation, reducing the risk of contamination and providing higher capacity at minimal, cost.
  • This invention consist of three levels of photo bioreactor; each level with 4 system for thtir growth. It includes solar panel system on each side of photo bioreactor to utilize the sunlight - a renewable energy source, to generate electricity for the machines required to run tie photo bioreactor and other processing units needed.
  • the invention consists of pumps at each level and system which are interconnected so as to keep the continuous pumping of algae so as to maintain their growth proper. It uses long reflectors placed on both sides of the photo bioreactor so as to focus sunlight onto the reactors which would help to increase the yield the growth of algae.
  • the invention of photo bioreactor consists of mechanism to provide essential nutrients for the growth of algae, a pipe system to bubble carbon dioxide regularly so to get more productivity.
  • the reactor made of transparent glass allows sunlight properly to fall on the algae.
  • the reactor is in a shape of triangle with rectangular boxes at each side of the triangle which provides more space for growing algae at minimal cost.
  • the two sides of the triangle excluding the base are at an angle of 30-60 degree depending on the angle of sunlight falling on the area, and length of an average of 20meters and width of 1.5 meters; with rectangular box of depth of a foot
  • fig. 1 and fig. ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 depicts the design of photo-bioreactor modified to increase the algae growth capacity at minimal cost.
  • No.l depicts the stands which will support the three levels of photo bioreactors which will be made from a low cost metal.
  • the stand will be round in shape and connected to rectangular boxes present at base of each level.
  • the stand will be place at a distance of 3-5 meters.
  • No.2 depicts the rectangular box present at base of each level of photo-bioreactor constructed in form of pyramidal structure.
  • the box will contain algae water where the algae will be cultivated.
  • the box length will be an average of 20m , height of 30-45cm and width about 2- 3 meters.
  • the box will be made of transparent glass and will not consist solar panels.
  • No.3 & No.4 depicts the slanting sides of photo-bioreactor. These will also be rectangular boxes with measurement mentioned for No.2 Box. These boxes will be present at a varying degree of 30-60 depending on the amount and angle of sunlight falling on the area where the plant will be constructed. There will be 3 rows of solar panels placed on them at appropriate distance to allow sufficient amount of sunlight to fail on algae water present inside the photo-bioreactor. * ⁇ .
  • No.5 depicts the main storage 5f the. photo-bioreactor where algae will be cultivated. This is major part. The water level will depend on the amount of sunlight. Also the angle would vary from 30-60 degree.
  • No.6 depicts the solar panels in rectangular form of 3 rows will be placed on side of the photo-bioreactor of No.3 & No.4 boxes. They will be placed at equidistant from each other and at sufficient space to allow maximum amount of sunlight to fall on the algae so we are able to maintain their growth. '
  • No.7 depicts the connection of solar panels will be connected to energy unit of the production plant which will generate electricity enough to run our machinery and extra amount of electricity would be send to villages.
  • solar panel system which will be energy unit of our plant so we ensure we are independent on electricity source and we are able to reduce our cost of production; and major pumping system which will ensure the continuous flow of algae and provide specific nutrients and carbon dioxide required for their growth.
  • Fig. 3 depicts the front view of solar panels. There will be 3 levels of solar panels as shown in no.6. No.6 shows the solar panels placed at equidistant from each other so to allow maximum amount of sunlight to fall on the algae so as to get high yield.
  • Fig. 4 depicts the side view of solar panels placed on the slanting sides of photo-bioreactor.
  • No.7 shows the connections of solar panels.
  • Fig. 5 shows the pumping system.
  • No.8 is the major pumping section of the plant. It will be connected to each level and each box where algae will be grdwn. They will ensure continuous flow of algae water. They will have various pipes for inlet and outlet which will be interconnected.
  • these pumps will provide nutrients required for their growth through the inlet valves present in the pipes and carbon dioxide required for the respiration process of the algae.
  • No.9 depicts the major pipe connected to box 5.
  • No. 11 depicts pipe connected to box no. 3
  • No.12 depicts pipe connected to box No .2
  • No.13 depicts the outlet pipe which will either bring the fresh algae water which needs to be cultivated or the matured algae.which needs to be harvested. They will be connected to each level pump and directly to -harvesting unit.
  • Fig. 6 depicts the side view -of reflectors.
  • No.14 is the reflectors which will be of same length of the photo-bioreactor system. Its width will depend on the amount of sunlight. For smaller amount of sunlight, the width will be longer and vice versa. They are in form of rectangles made from high quality reflecting material.
  • No.15 is the stand which will support the reflector and the motor required to turn them.
  • No.16 depicts the motor connected to middle of the reflector. They will be responsible for turning the reflectors depending upon the sunlight falling on them. This will ensure maximum amount of sunlight falls on the photo-bioreactor.
  • Fig 8 depicting the pipes connected to the photo-bioreactor.
  • No.8 depicts the pumping system.
  • No.9 depicts the major pipe connected to box 5.
  • No. 11 depicts pipe connected to box no. 3
  • No.12 depicts pipe connected to box No.2
  • No.13 is the outlet pipe. * .
  • Fig. 9 depicts the side view of the photo-bioreactor system and pumping.
  • No.13 is the outlet pipe connected to each pipe. They are connected to harvesting unit.
  • No.l is the stand to support the photo-bioreactor.
  • No.6 shows how the solar panels will be placed on each level of photo-bioreactor on their each side.
  • Fig. 10 depicts how the plant will look with each level of photo-bioreactor system and many constructed together. No.17 together depicts the three levels of photo-bioreactor.
  • Fig. 11 depicts3 ⁇ 4ow the reflectors will be used along the side of photo-bioreactor system.
  • No.14 is the reflectors placed at a particular angle so as to reflect maximum amount of sunlight onto the No.17 which are the three levels of photo-bioreactor.
  • fig 12 depicts the front view of the three levels of photo-bioreactor system.
  • No.13 is the outlet pump connected to each level.
  • No.14 is the reflectors placed at each side of the photo-bioreactor.
  • This project can be even used as a business , as it not only helps to reduce pollution and stop global warming but also, help to develop a country's economy , increase its GDP , provide employment to many people and make profits for the company.
  • This invention could provide biomass, electricity and water to farmers in rural areas for agricultural purposes.
  • Already many farmers in India are facing problems water shortage due to less rainfall which has reduced the production of food grains in our country due to which thousands of people die annually.
  • the face electricity shortage and use fertilizers and pesticides which has degraded the quality of food grains which also lead to many deaths. But with my project and through its byproducts it won't happen so.
  • Also they will use the biomass which is organic which would help to remove the toxic particles from the food grains and thus we would get a healthy food. So we would not only produce biodiesel at low cost but also develop agricultural sector, which in turns help to develop the country.
  • the modified design of photo-bioreactor has helped to produce biodiesel from micro-algae at low cost with an increase yield .
  • the basic method is to cultivate algae, harvest them and produce oil from lipids present in the micro-algae. Then the algae's oil is transformed to produce biodiesel using basic chemicals. The electricity generated from solar panels is used to run the machinery.
  • the photo-bioreactor which is triangular in shape will be placed in 3 nos. one above the other each other connected via pumps and pipes required for continuous flow of algae during their cultivation. Reflectors will be placed along the side of the photo bioreactors at the ground to reflect the sunlight onto them. Solar Panels will be placed on each side of the photo-bioreactor to generate.electricity.
  • the photo-bioreactors will be made of transparent glass and slanting sides varying from 30-60 degree according to the sunlight falling on the area. -
  • the other units After setting up the photo-bioreactor, the other units will be set up to complete the plant.
  • Algae water is put into the photo-bioreactor in each system of the reactor. Pumps will be pumping continuously to ensure flow. Nutrients like Sodium, Potassium, Phosphorus and other fertilizers required to grow the type of algae present; Carbon dioxide will be continuously pumped into the reactor which are required for the growth of algae. At the end of 3 rd day the algae when it will be frilly matured they would be processed further. The fully grown algae will be processed in harvesting unit where the oil will be extracted from lipids from the algae. After the oil is extracted it will be processed using trans esterification process. The oil will be mixed with ethanol/methanol and sodium
  • Biomass left over can be used in biogas plant to produce biogas and the water extracted in harvesting unit will be recycled again.
  • the solar panels will generate electricity to run the machinery, and the extra energy will be sent to villages. »' .

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention vise à produire du biodiesel à partir de micro-algues pour un coût faible afin de remplacer les carburants à base d'hydrocarbures en modifiant la conception des photobioréacteurs classiques pour augmenter leur capacité de culture d'algues et améliorer le rendement, et ce, pour un coût minimal. En modifiant la conception du photobioréacteur, c'est-à-dire en lui donnant la forme d'une longue structure triangulaire comportant, au niveau de chaque côté du triangle, des boîtes rectangulaires, on obtient davantage d'espace pour la culture des algues et ce, pour un coût très faible. L'invention sera constituée de trois photobioréacteurs l'un au-dessus de l'autre, comportant un côté incliné selon un angle variant de 30 à 60° selon la lumière du soleil tombant sur la zone, qui sont reliés par l'intermédiaire de pompes et de tuyaux assurant un écoulement continu des algues et de l'eau, de longs réflecteurs étant situés le long des côtés des photobioréacteurs pour réfléchir la lumière du soleil en direction de ces derniers. Les panneaux solaires situés de chaque côté des photobioréacteurs fournissent l'énergie nécessaire et suffisante pour faire fonctionner le système. La réutilisation de sous-produits pendant la production a permis de réduire le coût global.
PCT/IN2015/000295 2014-07-25 2015-07-22 Conception d'un photobioréacteur permettant la production d'un biodiesel à base d'algues peu coûteux Ceased WO2016013025A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN2398MU2014 2014-07-25
IN2398/MUM/2014 2014-07-25

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WO2016013025A2 true WO2016013025A2 (fr) 2016-01-28
WO2016013025A3 WO2016013025A3 (fr) 2016-04-14

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024145226A1 (fr) * 2022-12-30 2024-07-04 Neste Oyj Procédés et systèmes de récolte d'une biomasse contenant des cellules algales

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2946362B1 (fr) * 2009-06-09 2012-11-09 Edouard Kabakian Photobioreacteur,notamment pour la croissance et le developpement de microorganismes photosynthetiques
CN101709262B (zh) * 2009-12-10 2012-05-23 中国科学院广州能源研究所 高密度培养微藻的太阳能分光光合生物反应器系统

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024145226A1 (fr) * 2022-12-30 2024-07-04 Neste Oyj Procédés et systèmes de récolte d'une biomasse contenant des cellules algales

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