WO2016079480A1 - Composition de savon en pain - Google Patents

Composition de savon en pain Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016079480A1
WO2016079480A1 PCT/GB2015/053444 GB2015053444W WO2016079480A1 WO 2016079480 A1 WO2016079480 A1 WO 2016079480A1 GB 2015053444 W GB2015053444 W GB 2015053444W WO 2016079480 A1 WO2016079480 A1 WO 2016079480A1
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Prior art keywords
bar soap
alkyl
test
bar
composition
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English (en)
Inventor
Garry Michael JOHNSON
Raphael Kl Kang
Justin MELNICK
Maciej TOCHOWICZ
John Chiama WASONGA
Haoming Yuan
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Reckitt Benckiser Brands Ltd
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Reckitt Benckiser Brands Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/48—Medical, disinfecting agents, disinfecting, antibacterial, germicidal or antimicrobial compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
    • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
    • C11D10/042—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap based on anionic surface-active compounds and soap
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
    • C11D17/006—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets containing mainly surfactants, but no builders, e.g. syndet bar
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
    • C11D1/143—Sulfonic acid esters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to bar soap compositions which have multi-purpose
  • Bar soaps are amongst the oldest forms of personal cleansing products. They are relatively easy to produce, as they are the form of solid bars or cakes require the simplest of packaging, typically boast long shelf storage lives, and of course are effective in providing a cleaning benefit. Many variations of such bar soaps are also known, and also widely available are bar soaps which additionally boasts an antimicrobial benefit. These are generally provided by the addition of known antimicrobial constituents, such as those based on antimicrobial free metal ions (e.g. Ag + , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ ), phenolic antimicrobial compounds (e.g.
  • non -phenolic antimicrobial compounds e.g. certain quaternary ammonium salts which independently of the bar soap composition provided antimicrobial benefit.
  • non -phenolic antimicrobial compounds e.g. certain quaternary ammonium salts
  • bar soap composition providing an effective antimicrobial benefit against pathogens such as gram positive / gram negative bacteria and viruses, which bar soap compositions comprises:
  • composition which is substantially free of silicate based fillers.
  • the composition is preferably used in a cosmetic cleaning operation.
  • a method for providing a germicidal benefit to a topical surface, especially a dermal surface comprising the step of: contacting a topical surface upon which the presence of one or more undesired pathogens, preferably bacteria, are known or suspected, with a bar soap
  • composition according to a first aspect of the invention is a composition according to a first aspect of the invention.
  • the composition may be used in other cleaning operations.
  • a method for providing a germicidal benefit to a topical surface, especially an inanimate surface, such as a fabric or a hard surface, e.g. dishware/cutlery comprising the step of: contacting a topical surface upon which the presence of one or more undesired pathogens, preferably bacteria, are known or suspected, with a bar soap composition according to a first aspect of the invention.
  • the invention provides a multi-use soap bar; thus saving the consumer the expense of having to purchase multiple soap bars for separate cleaning roles.
  • bar soap composition refers to a composition which may, subject to appropriate processing conditions (e.g. compression) may be formed into a generally rigid, self-supporting solid bar soap, and references regarding the identity of constituents and weight percentages of a bar soap composition are similarly applicable to bar soaps formed therefrom.
  • composition / method of the present invention provide as a primary technical benefit the reduction of undesired microorganisms, particularly in the reduction of both gram positive and gram negative microorganisms, while at the same time hi providing secondary benefits including the skin conditioning and/or skin cleansing.
  • the composition of the present invention (and the method thereof) provide an especially mild soap formulation with low irritation effects, yet still providing the usual benefits of a soap formulation including an anti-microbial benefit.
  • the particular mildness of the composition makes the composition especially suitable for use with babies / children.
  • the formulation displays excellent rinsibility characteristics yet with beneficial foam characteristics.
  • the formulation of the invention foams excellently when in use but said foam diminishes quickly allowing effective rinsing with low water usage.
  • the bar soap composition is characterized in exhibiting at least a 1.5 log 10 reduction of Klebsiella pneumonia, S. aureus and E. coli when tested according to the standardized test protocols of ASTM E 1 053 Standard Test Method to Assess Virucidal Activity of Chemicals Intended for Disinfection of Inanimate, Nonporous Environmental Surfaces
  • the soap constituent comprises at least 55% but preferably, is at least (in order of increasing preference, in %) 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 94.5, 95, 95.5, 96, 96.5, 97, 97.5, 98, 98.5, 99, and 99.5% of salts of C 12 , C 14 , Ci 6 and C 18 saturated fatty acids.
  • the bar soap compositions of the invention may additionally include one or more anionic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants, particularly where such are provided to increase the production of foam or lather when the bar soap is used in a manual cleaning operation, e.g. washing of the hands, body or hair.
  • Such surfactants are distinguished from the soap constituent described herein.
  • Such are frequently referred to as synthetic surfactants, or "syndets" as they are distinguished from the fatty acid based soaps (frequently supplied as "soap noodles") which are the major constituent of the present invention.
  • anionic surfactants which may be used in this capacity in the bar soaps include one or more of: alcohol sulfates and sulfonates, alcohol phosphates and phosphonates, alkyl ester sulfates, alkyl diphenyl ether sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, sulfate esters of an alkylphenoxy polyoxyethylene ethanol, alkyl monoglyceride sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, beta-alkoxy alkane sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfonates, ethoxylated alkyl sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfates, alkyl monoglyceride sulfonates, al
  • alkylpolyglucoside sulfates alkylpolyglucoside sulfates, alkyl polyethoxy carboxylates, and sarcosinates or mixtures thereof.
  • the secondary alkane sulfonate is present in an amount of up to 8wt%, more preferably up to 6wt%, more preferably up to 5wt%, and most preferably up to 3wt%,
  • the secondary alkane sulfonate is present in an amount of greater than 0.1 wt%, more preferably greater than 0.2wt%, more preferably greater than 0.3wt%, more preferably greater than 0.5wt%, more preferably greater than lwt%, and most preferably greater than 1.5wt%.
  • the secondary alkane sulfonate comprises a C6-C22 or secondary alkane sulfonate. A preferred example of which is available from Weylchem under the trade name of Hostapur SAS.
  • anionic surfactants include water soluble salts or acids of the formula (ROS03)xM or (RS03)xM wherein R is preferably a C6-C24 hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having a C10-C20 alkyl component, more preferably a C12-C18 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, and M is H or a mono-, di- or tri-valent cation, e.g. an alkali metal cation (e.g. sodium, potassium, lithium), or ammonium or substituted ammonium (e.g.
  • R is preferably a C6-C24 hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having a C10-C20 alkyl component, more preferably a C12-C18 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl
  • M is H or a mono-, di- or tri-valent cation, e.g. an alkali metal cation (e.g. sodium
  • methyl-, dimethyl- , and trimethyl ammonium cations and quaternary ammonium cations such as tetramethyl- ammonium and dimethyl piperdinium cations and quaternary ammonium cations derived from alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, and mixtures thereof, and the like) and x is an integer, preferably 1 to 3, most preferably 1.
  • anionic surfactants include alkyl-diphenyl-ethersulphonates and alkyl- carboxylates.
  • anionic surfactants are C6-C20 linear alkylbenzenesulfonates, Ce-Cn primary or alkanesulfonates, C6-C24 olefinsulfonates, sulfonated polycarboxylic acids prepared by sulfonation of the pyrolyzed product of alkaline earth metal citrates, C6-C24 alkylpolyglycolethersulfates , alkyl ester sulfates such as C14-16 methyl ester sulfates; acyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates, paraffin sulfonates, alkyl phosphates, isethionates such as the acyl isethionates, N-acyl taurates, alkyl succinamates and sulfo succinates, monoesters of sulfo
  • such one or more anionic surfactants may be present in any effective amount, and advantageously comprise up to about 20%wt. of the bar soap compositions of which they form a part.
  • nonionic surfactants which may be used in the bar soaps include one or more of: alkyl glucosides, alkyl polyglucosides, polyhydroxy fatty acid amides, alkoxylated fatty acid esters, amine oxides, and mixtures thereof.
  • Further nonionic surfactants include almost any hydrophobic compound having a carboxy, hydroxy, amido, or amino group with a free hydrogen attached to the nitrogen which can be condensed with alkylene oxide (e.g.
  • nonionic compounds include the polyoxyethylene ethers of alkyl aromatic hydroxy compounds, e.g. alkylated polyoxyethylene phenols, polyoxyethylene ethers of long chain aliphatic alcohols, the polyoxyethylene ethers of hydrophobic propylene oxide polymers, and the higher alkyl amine oxides.
  • nonionic surfactants include primary and secondary linear and branched alcohol ethoxylates, such as those based on Ce-Cis alcohols which further include an average of from 2 to 80 moles of ethoxylation per mole of alcohol. Examples include the Genapol® series of linear alcohol ethoxylates from Clariant Corp. Further nonionic surfactants include secondary C12-C15 alcohol ethoxylates, including those which have from about 3 to about 10 moles of ethoxylation. Such are available in the Tergitol® series of nonionic surfactants (Dow
  • nonionic surfactants for use as the (b) at least one nonionic surfactant include which may be advantageously included in the inventive compositions are alkoxy block copolymers, and in particular, compounds based on ethoxy/propoxy block copolymers.
  • Polymeric alkylene oxide block copolymers include nonionic surfactants in which the major portion of the molecule is made up of block polymeric C2-C4 alkylene oxides.
  • nonionic surfactants while preferably built up from an alkylene oxide chain starting group, and can have as a starting nucleus almost any active hydrogen containing group including, without limitation, amides, phenols, thiols and secondary alcohols. Such are available in the Pluronic® series of block copolymer surfactants (ex. BASF).
  • suitable non-ionic surfactants include alkoxylated alcohols (including propoxylation and butoxylation) - e.g. Plurafac series from BASF.
  • alkylpolyglycoside compounds examples include those which include alkyl
  • monoglycosides and polyglycosides which may be prepared generally by reacting a monosaccharide, or a compound hydrolyzable to a monosaccharide with an alcohol such as a fatty alcohol in an acid medium.
  • exemplary alkyl glycoside surfactants alkyl glycoside surfactants suitable for use in the bar soaps of the present invention may be represented by formula (II) below:
  • R is a monovalent organic radical containing from about 6 to about 30, preferably from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms;
  • Ri is a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms
  • O is an oxygen atom
  • y is a number which has an average value from about 0 to about 1 and is preferably 0;
  • G is a moiety derived from a reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms; and x is a number having an average value from about 1 to 5 (preferably from 1.1 to 2);
  • b is a number of from 0 to 3x+l preferably an average of from 0.5 to 2 per glycosal group
  • p 1 to 10
  • M 1 is H + or an organic or inorganic cation, such as, for example, an alkali metal,
  • ammonium sodium, sodiumethanolamine, or calcium.
  • R is generally the residue of a fatty alcohol having from about 8 to 30 and preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • alkylglycosides as described above include, for example, APG® 225 which is described as being an alkyl polyglycoside in which the alkyl group contains 8 to 10 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.7, APG® 325 CS GLYCOSIDE which is described as being a 50% C9-C11 alkyl polyglycoside, also commonly referred to as D-glucopyranoside,
  • Glucopon® 425 described to be an alkyl polyglycoside in which the alkyl group contains 8 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.48
  • Glucopon® 625 CS which is described as being a 50% Cio-Cie alkyl polyglycoside, also commonly referred to as a D-glucopyranoside, (available from Cognis Corp., Ambler PA)
  • Plantaren® 2000 described as being an alkyl polyglycoside in which the alkyl group contains 8 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.4
  • Plantaren® 1300 described to be an alkyl polyglycoside in which the alkyl group contains 12 to 16 carbon atoms and having an average degree of polymerization of 1.6.
  • nonionic surfactants which may be used in the bar soaps of the invention include certain alkanolamides including monoethanolamides and
  • diethanolamides particularly fatty monoalkanolamides and fatty dialkanolamides.
  • monoethanol amides and diethanol amides include those marketed under the trade names Alakamide® and Cyclomide® by Rhone-Poulenc Co., (Cranbury, NJ).
  • the bar soap compositions of the invention may include one or more sucrose ester based nonionic surfactants.
  • sucrose ester based nonionic surfactants are compounds which consist largely of sucrose mono- and di- esters of the natural fatty acids having 12 to 20 carbon atoms and preferably those having 16 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • sucrose cocoate and sucrose laurate of which sucrose cocoate is particularly preferred.
  • sucrose cocoate is particularly preferred.
  • sucrose cocoate comprises at least 60%wt, and in order of increasing preference at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99% and 100% by weight of the sucrose ether based nonionic surfactant constituent.
  • sucrose ester based nonionic surfactants comprise from 0.001%wt. to about 3%wt, but more preferably from 0.05%wt.
  • Exemplary useful amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants include one or more of: alkyl betaines, alkyl amidobetaines, aminopropionates, aminoglycinates, imidazolinium betaines and sulfobetaines.
  • Alkyl betaines are known surfactants which are mainly produced by carboxyalkylation, preferably carboxymethylation of aminic compounds.
  • Typical examples are the carboxymethylation products of hexyl methyl amine, hexyl dimethyl amine, octyl dimethyl amine, decyl dimethyl amine, dodecyl methyl amine, dodecyl dimethyl amine, dodecyl ethyl methyl amine, C 12/14 cocoalkyl dimethyl amine, myristyl dimethyl amine, cetyl dimethyl amine, stearyl dimethyl amine, stearyl ethyl methyl amine, oleyl dimethyl amine, C 16/18 tallow alkyl dimethyl amine and technical mixtures thereof.
  • Alkyl amidobetaines which represent carboxyalkylation products of amidoamines are also suitable.
  • Typical examples are reaction products of fatty acids containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms, namely caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elaeostearic acid, arachic acid, gadoleic acid, behenic acid and erucic acid and technical mixtures thereof, with ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylaminoethyl amine, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylaminoproply amine, ⁇ , ⁇ -diethylaminoethyl amine and ⁇ , ⁇ -diethylaminoproply amine which are condensed with sodium chloroacetate.
  • one or more of such anionic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants may be included in any effective amount.
  • such one or more said surfactants comprise about 0.1 - 25%wt. of the bar soap of which they form a part.
  • the bar soap may additionally include a quaternary ammonium based germicidal compound which independently provides an antimicrobial benefit.
  • quaternary ammonium compounds and salts thereof which may be characterized by the general structural formula:
  • Ri, R 2 , R3 and R 4 is a alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl substituent of from 6 to 26 carbon atoms, and the entire cation portion of the molecule has a molecular weight of at least 165.
  • the alkyl substituents may be long-chain alkyl, long-chain alkoxyaryl, long-chain alkylaryl, halogen-substituted long-chain alkylaryl, long-chain alkylphenoxyalkyl, arylalkyl, etc.
  • the remaining substituents on the nitrogen atoms other than the abovementioned alkyl substituents are hydrocarbons usually containing no more than 12 carbon atoms.
  • the substituents Ri, R 2 , R3 and R 4 may be straight-chained or may be branched, but are preferably straight-chained, and may include one or more amide, ether or ester linkages.
  • the counterion X may be any salt-forming anion which permits for the solubility or miscibility of the quaternary ammonium complex within the treatment composition.
  • Exemplary quaternary ammonium salts within the above description include the alkyl ammonium halides such as cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, alkyl aryl ammonium halides such as octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide, N-alkyl pyridinium halides such as N-cetyl pyridinium bromide, and the like.
  • alkyl ammonium halides such as cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide
  • alkyl aryl ammonium halides such as octadecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide
  • N-alkyl pyridinium halides such as N-cetyl pyridinium bromide, and the like.
  • Other suitable types of quaternary ammonium salts include those in which the molecule contains either amide, ether or ester linkages such as octyl phenoxy ethoxy
  • quaternary ammonium compounds which are useful as germicides include those in which the hydrophobic radical is characterized by a substituted aromatic nucleus as in the case of lauryloxyphenyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, cetylaminophenyltrimethyl ammonium methosulfate, dodecylphenyltrimethyl ammonium methosulfate, dodecylbenzyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, chlorinated dodecylbenzyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, and the like.
  • Preferred quaternary ammonium compounds which exhibit an microbicidal effect, viz., act as germicides, and which are useful in the practice of the present invention include those which have the structural formula:
  • R 2 and R3 are the same or different C8-Ci2alkyl, or R 2 is Co-iealkyl, Cs-isalkylethoxy, Cs-isalkylphenolethoxy and R3 is benzyl, and X is a halide, for example chloride, bromide or iodide, a saccharinate counterion or is a methosulfate anion.
  • the alkyl groups recited in R 2 and R3 may be straight-chained or branched, but are preferably substantially linear.
  • Particularly useful quaternary ammonium compounds useful in the present inventive compositions include materials which include a single quaternary compound, as well as mixtures of two or more different quaternary compounds.
  • Such useful quaternary compounds are available under the BARD AC®, BARQUAT®, HY AMINE®, LONZABAC®, and ONYXIDE® trademarks, which are more fully described in, for example, McCutcheon 's Functional Materials (Vol. 2), North American Edition, 1998, as well as the respective product literature from the suppliers identified below.
  • BZT which is described to be benzethonium chloride (N-benzyl-N,N-dimethyl-2- ⁇ 2-[4-(2,4,4- trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy]ethoxy ⁇ ethanaminium chloride);
  • BARD AC® 205M which is described to be a liquid containing alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (50% active) (also available as 80% active (BARD AC® 208M));
  • BARD AC® 2050 which is described to be a combination of octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride/didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (50% active) (also available as 80% active (BARD AC® 2080)); BARD AC ® 2250 which is described to be didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (50% active); BARD AC® LF (or BARD AC® LF-80), described as being based on dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (BARQUAT® MB-50, MX-50, OJ-50 (each 50% liquid) and MB-80 or MX-80 (each 80% liquid) are each described as an alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; BARD AC® 4250 and BARQUAT® 4250Z (each 50% active) or BARQUAT® 4280 and BARQUAT 4280Z (each 80% active) are each described as alky
  • HY AMINE® 1622 described as diisobutyl phenoxy ethoxy ethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (50% solution);
  • HY AMINE® 3500 (50% actives), described as alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (also available as 80% active (HY AMINE® 3500-80));
  • HYMAINE® 2389 described as being based on methyldodecylbenzyl ammonium chloride and/or methyldodecylxylene-bis-trimethyl ammonium chloride.
  • BTC® 50 NF (or BTC® 65 NF) is described to be alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (50% active); BTC® 99 is described as didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (50% active); BTC® 776 is described to be myrisalkonium chloride (50% active); BTC® 818 is described as being octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (50% active) (available also as 80% active (BTC® 818-80%)); BTC® 824 and BTC® 835 are each described as being of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (each 50% active); BTC® 885 is described as a combination of BTC® 835 and BTC® 818 (50% active) (available also as 80% active (BTC® 888)); BTC
  • the cationic quaternary ammonium compounds are preferably non-polymeric and/or non- oligomeric cationic surfactant compounds, and are thus distinguishable from the "Polyquat" polymers known to the art.
  • the least one cationic quaternary ammonium compound(s) may be present in any effective amount, but generally need not be present in amounts in excess of about 10%wt. based on the total weight of the animate surface treatment composition of which it forms a part.
  • the germicidal quaternary ammonium compound(s) may be present in the inventive compositions in amounts of from about 0.001 %wt. to up to about 10%wt, very preferably about 0.01 -8%wt., more preferably in amounts of between about 0.01-2%wt, and most preferably from about 0.01 - l%wt.
  • the preferred germicidal cationic quaternary ammonium compound(s) are present in amounts of at least about 200 parts per million (ppm), preferably in amounts of from about 1 ppm to 10,000 ppm, preferably from about 50 ppm to 2000 ppm, more preferably in amounts of from about 100 ppm to 1,000 ppm.
  • the bar soap compositions may additionally include a non-quaternary ammonium based germicidal compound.
  • a non-quaternary ammonium based germicidal compound include: benzoyl peroxide, pyrithiones (especially zinc pyrithione which is also known as ZPT),
  • Y is chlorine or bromine
  • Z is S0 2 H, NO2, or Ci -C 4 alkyl
  • r is 0 to 3
  • o is 0 to 3
  • p is 0 or 1
  • m is 0 or 1
  • n is 0 or 1.
  • Y is chlorine or bromine
  • m is 0, n is 0 or 1
  • o is 1 or 2
  • r is 1 or 2
  • p is 0, and according to especially preferred embodiments, Y is chlorine, m is 0, n is 0, o is 1, r is 2, and p is 0.
  • Particularly useful 2-hydroxydiphenyl compounds include those which may be represented by the structure:
  • TACLOSAN which is commonly referred to as "TRICLOSAN” and which is presently commercially available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corp., as well as halogenated carbanilides, e.g.,
  • phenolic based antimicrobial constituents agents include 2,2'- hydroxy-5,5'-dibromo-diphenyl ether which may be represented by the structure:
  • Ri is hydro, hydroxy, Ci -C 4 alkyl, chloro, nitro, phenyl, or benzyl
  • R 2 is hydro, hydroxy, Ci -Ce alkyl, or halo
  • R3 is hydro, Ci -Ce alkyl, hydroxy, chloro, nitro, or a sulphur in the form of an alkali metal salt or ammonium salt
  • R 4 is hydro or methyl
  • R5 is hydro or nitro.
  • Halo is bromo or, preferably, is chloro.
  • phenol derivatives include, but are not limited to, chlorophenols (0-, m-, p-), 2,4-dichlorophenol, p-nitrophenol, picric acid, xylenol, p-chloro-m-xylenol, cresols (0-, m-, p-), p-chloro-m-cresol, pyrocatechol, resorcinol, 4-n-hexylresorcinol, pyrogallol, phloroglucin, carvacrol, thymol, p-chlorothymol, o-phenylphenol, o-benzylphenol, p-chloro- o-benzylphenol, phenol, 4-ethylphenol, and 4-phenolsulfonic acid.
  • Still further useful phenol derivatives include those which may be represented by the structure:
  • Ri and R'i are hydroxy
  • R 2 , R 2 , R3, R'3, R 4 , R' 4 , R5, and R'5, independent of one another, are hydro or halo.
  • diphenyl compounds are hexachlorophene, tetrachlorophene, dichlorophene, 2,3- dihydroxy-5,5'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfide, 2,2'-dihydroxy-3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorodiphenyl sulfide, 2,2'-dihydroxy-3,5',5,5', 6,6'-hexachlorodiphenyl sulfide, and 3,3'-dibromo-5,5'-dichloro-2,2'- dihydroxydiphenylamine.
  • a particularly useful phenol derivative is commonly referred to as triclocarban, or 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide as well as derivatives thereto.
  • said non-quaternary ammonium based germicidal compound is TCC and/or PCMX.
  • the least one non-quaternary ammonium based germicidal compound may be present in any effective amount, but generally need not be present in amounts in excess of about 10%wt. based on the total weight of the animate surface treatment composition of which it forms a part.
  • the non-quaternary ammonium based germicidal compound(s) may be present in the inventive compositions in amounts of from about 0.001 %wt. to up to about 10%wt, very preferably about 0.01-8%wt, more preferably in amounts of between about 0.01-2%wt, and most preferably from about 0.01 - l%wt.
  • the preferred non-quaternary ammonium based germicidal compound(s) are present in amounts of at least about 200 parts per million (ppm), preferably in amounts of from about 1 ppm to 10,000 ppm, preferably from about 50 ppm to 2000 ppm, more preferably in amounts of from about 100 ppm to 1,000 ppm.
  • the bar soaps of the present invention may include still further constituents. Non-limiting examples of such further constituents are described herein.
  • the bar soap compositions may include an effective amount of an anti-acne agent.
  • an anti-acne agent may be any compound, composition or material which has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the topical treatment of acne.
  • anti-acne agents include, but are not limited to, salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, sulphur, retinoic acid, Candida bombicola/glucose/methyl rapeseedate ferment, peat water, resorcinol, silt, peat, permethin, azelaic acid, clindamycin, adapalene, erythromycin, sodium sulfacetamide, and combinations thereof. Of these, benzoyl peroxide is particularly preferred.
  • alkyl lactates which may themselves provide an antimicrobial benefit. Such include the reaction products of a Cs-Cis fatty alcohol with lactic acid.
  • Preferred alkyl lactates include those represented by the following general structural formula (la):
  • R is a Cs-Cis alkyl moiety, preferably is a C10-C14 alkyl moiety and especially preferably is predominantly (at least 85%, more preferably at least 90%, particularly preferably at least 95% and most preferably at least about 98%) of a C12 alkyl moiety.
  • the alkyl moiety may be branched but is preferably substantially linear.
  • a particularly preferred alkyl lactate conforming to formula (la) is lauryl lactyl lactate.
  • Preferred alkyl lactates also include those represented by the following general structural formula (lb):
  • R is a Cs-Cis alkyl moiety, preferably is a C10-C14 alkyl moiety and especially preferably is predominantly (at least 85%, more preferably at least 90%, particularly preferably at least 95% and most preferably at least about 98%) of a C12 alkyl moiety.
  • the alkyl moiety may be branched but is preferably substantially linear.
  • a particularly preferred alkyl lactate conforming to formula (lb) is lauryl lactyl lactate. Of course it is to be understood that other alkyl lactates not specifically encompassed by the compounds of formula (la) and/or (lb) may also be utilized.
  • alkyl lactates When present such one or more alkyl lactates may be present in any effective amount, but advantageously comprise between about 0.001%wt. to about 3%wt, more preferably between about 0.05%wt. to about 0.5%wt. of a bar soap composition.
  • the soap bars may include one or more polyols. Such include compounds having two or more hydroxyl groups and which are highly water soluble, preferably freely soluble, in water.
  • suitable polyols include: relatively low molecular weight short chain polyhydroxy compounds such as glycerol and propylene glycol; sugars such as sorbitol, manitol, sucrose and glucose; carbohydrates such as starch (27% amy lose and 73%
  • amylopectin non-waxy starch and modified carbohydrates such as hydrolyzed starch, dextrin and maltodextrin, and polymeric synthetic polyols such as polyalkylene glycols, for example polyoxyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyoxypropylene glycol (PPG). More preferably the polyol is present in an amount of l-30wt%, more preferably 5-25wt%, more preferably 10-25wt%, and most preferably about 18wt%.
  • PEG polyoxyethylene glycol
  • PPG polyoxypropylene glycol
  • the polyol comprises starch.
  • the starch plays an important role in maintaining the structural integrity of the formulation of the invention (particularly for such a high water containing formulation). It is postulated that this effect is achieved via an interaction between the starch and any ionic salt present in the formulation. In use the starch has been found to have many beneficial effects including the formation of film on skin and also the provision of a moisturizing effect.
  • polystyrene resin preferred are relatively low molecular weight compound which are either liquid or readily soluble in aqueous solutions, e.g., low molecular weight polyols and sugars.
  • Particularly preferred polyols are glycerine, glycerol, sorbitol and their mixtures. Glycerine and glycerol are particularly preferred, as such may also provide benefits as humectants in the bar soaps.
  • such one or more polyols may be included in minor but effective amounts, e.g., from about 0.001%wt. to about 0.5%wt, more preferably from about 0.1 -10%wt. and especially preferably from about 0.5 - 9%wt. based on the total weight of the bar soap of which it forms a part.
  • the bar soap compositions of the invention may include one or more stearyl alkanoates, preferably one or more selected from stearyl caprylate, stearyl palmitate, stearyl stearate, stearyl behenate, and stearyl olivate.
  • stearyl heptanoate is particularly preferred.
  • a mixture of stearyl alkanoates may be used, in certain particularly preferred embodiments it is preferred that the predominant stearyl alkanoate present is stearyl heptanoate.
  • stearyl heptanoate comprises at least 60%wt, and in order of increasing preference at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99% and 100% by weight of the stearyl alkanoates present.
  • the overall content of the one or more stearyl alkanoates in the bar soap compositions is preferably from 0.001%wt. to about 5%wt, more preferably is from 0.05%wt. to about 0.8%wt.
  • One or more insoluble filler materials may also be present in the bar soap compositions.
  • aqueous insoluble materials such that due to their small size they are readily incorporated into the compositions from which the bar soaps are produced.
  • These filler materials may be inorganic or organic or a combination as long as it is insoluble in water.
  • the insoluble particles should not be perceived by a user of the bar soap as unduly abrasive or granular and advantageously such filler materials have an average particle of size less than 300 microns, more preferably less than 100 microns and most preferably less than 50 microns.
  • the insoluble particles have a maximum particle size of 300 microns or less, preferably 200 microns or less.
  • Non-limiting examples of inorganic particulate materials include calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate or as it is interchangeable referred to as "chalk" exists in three crystal forms:
  • calcium carbonate or chalk is also known as precipitated calcium carbonate and is produced by a carbonation method in which carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through an aqueous suspension of calcium hydroxide. In this process the crystal type of calcium carbonate is calcite or a mixture of calcite and aragonite.
  • suitable optional insoluble inorganic particulate materials include, , phosphates, insoluble sulfates such as sodium sulfate, and borates and as well as mixtures thereof.
  • the composition is substantially free of silicate based fillers.
  • silicate based fillers include talc.
  • Talc is a magnesium silicate mineral material, with a sheet silicate structure and a composition of Mg3Si4(OH)22, and may be available in a hydrated form. Talc is considered hydrophobic as it is wetted by oil rather than water.
  • suitable optional insoluble inorganic particulate materials include alumino silicates, silicates, and clays (e.g., kaolin, china clay) as well as mixtures thereof
  • Non-limiting examples of organic particulate materials include: insoluble polysaccharides such as highly cross linked or insolubilized starch (e.g., by reaction with a hydrophobe such as octyl succinate) and cellulose; synthetic polymers such as various polymer lattices and suspension polymers; insoluble soaps and mixtures thereof.
  • insoluble polysaccharides such as highly cross linked or insolubilized starch (e.g., by reaction with a hydrophobe such as octyl succinate) and cellulose
  • synthetic polymers such as various polymer lattices and suspension polymers
  • insoluble soaps and mixtures thereof include: insoluble polysaccharides such as highly cross linked or insolubilized starch (e.g., by reaction with a hydrophobe such as octyl succinate) and cellulose; synthetic polymers such as various polymer lattices and suspension polymers; insoluble soaps and mixtures thereof.
  • one or more of the foregoing insoluble filler materials may comprise up to about 20%wt. of the bar soap of which it forms a part, but advantageously, when present in included in an amount of from about 0.01%wt. to about 10%wt.
  • Particularly preferred insoluble filler materials and amounts useful in the bar soaps of the invention are disclosed with reference to one or more of the Examples.
  • One or more soluble materials may also be present in the bar soap compositions.
  • These soluble materials may preferably comprise ionic salts.
  • these materials comprise one or more alkali metal (e.g. lithium, sodium, potassium), alkaline metal (e.g. magnesium, calcium), organic cation (such as ammonium) or transition metal (e.g. iron, titanium, copper or zinc).
  • alkali metal e.g. lithium, sodium, potassium
  • alkaline metal e.g. magnesium, calcium
  • organic cation such as ammonium
  • transition metal e.g. iron, titanium, copper or zinc.
  • Preferred anions for these salts include halide, nitrate, sulphate and carbonate.
  • the bar soap compositions may include one or more organosiloxane containing constituents, especially polysiloxane containing compounds which may provide a skin treatment benefit to an epidermal surface treated with the bar soap of the invention.
  • organosiloxane containing constituents especially polysiloxane containing compounds which may provide a skin treatment benefit to an epidermal surface treated with the bar soap of the invention.
  • Such materials are known per se, and are often interchangeably referred to as silicone emulsifiers.
  • silicone emulsifiers include polydiorganosiloxanepolyoxyalkylene copolymers containing at least one
  • polydiorganosiloxane segment and at least one polyoxyalkylene segment.
  • polyoxyalkylene segments may be bonded to the polydiorganosiloxane segments with silicon- oxygen-carbon bonds and/or with silicon-carbon bonds.
  • the polydiorganosiloxane segments consist essentially of siloxane units which are interlinked by Si-O-Si linkages and which have the formula:
  • the value of b may range from 0 to 3 for said siloxane units with the provision that there is an average of approximately 2, i.e. from 1.9 to 2.1 R radicals for every silicon in the copolymer.
  • Suitable siloxane units thus include siloxane units
  • siloxane units may be arranged in linear, cyclic and/or branched fashion.
  • the R radicals may be any radical selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, vinyl, phenyl, and a divalent radical bonding a polyoxyalkylene segment to the
  • R radicals At least 95 percent of all R radicals are methyl radicals; preferably there is at least one methyl radical bonded to each silicon atom in (d).
  • Divalent R radicals preferably contain no more than 6 carbon atoms. Examples of divalent R radicals include and
  • Volatile linear silicones including polydimethylsiloxane and dimethi cones may also be present as silicone emulsifiers in compositions according to the invention.
  • silicone emulsifiers are one or more compounds which may be represented by the structure:
  • R 1 represents a C1-C30 straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl group
  • R 2 represents a moiety selected from:
  • n represents an integer from about 3 to about 10
  • R3 and R4 are selected from hydrogen and Ci-Ce straight chain, or branched chain alkyl groups with the proviso that R 3 and R 4 are not simultaneously the same
  • each of m, p, x and y are independently selected from integers of zero or greater, such that the molecule has a molecular weight of between about 200 to about 20,000,000 and wherein both m and p are not both simultaneously zero, and z is selected from integers of 1 or greater.
  • one or more of the foregoing organosiloxane containing constituents may comprise up to about 5%wt. of the bar soap of which it forms a part, but advantageously, when present in included in an amount of from about 0.01%wt. to about 1.5%wt.
  • a organosiloxane containing constituent is necessarily present. Particularly preferred organosiloxane containing constituents and amounts useful in the bar soaps of the invention are disclosed with reference to one or more of the Examples
  • the bar soap compositions may include one or more optical modifying constituents, such as reflecting materials and pearlizing agents which provide a frequently desirable appearance to the bar soap.
  • optical modifying constituents may be inorganic materials, such as one or more of: titanium dioxide, coated micas and other interference pigments; plate like mirror particles such as organic glitters.
  • Further useful optical modifiers may be based on organic materials or compounds, such as one or more of latexes presently commercially available under the trademark ACUSOL (ex.
  • Rohm & Haas Inc. which are characterized by pH of about 2 to about 3, having approximately 40% solids in water, with particle size of about 0.1 to about 0.5 micron; styrene/polyvinylpyrrolidone co-polymers and styrene/acrylic emulsions, such as styrene/polyvinylpyrrolidone co-polymers available as POLECTRON 430 (ex. ISP Technologies, Inc.), as well as styrene/acrylamide emulsion such as OPULYN (ex. Rohm & Haas Inc.).
  • the bar soaps may include as optical modifying constituents one or more optical brighteners.
  • optical modifying constituents such include 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acids (flavonic acids), 4,4'-distyrylbiphenyls, methylumbelliferones, coumarins,
  • optical brighteners include those sold under the trade name TINOPAL (ex. Ciba) such and as TINOPAL CBS which is described to be disodium 2,2'-bis-(phenyl- styryl)disulphonate as well as TINOPAL DMS which is described to be disodium 4,4'bis-(2- mo ⁇ holino-4-anilino-s-triazin-6-ylamino)stilbene disulphonate.
  • Such optical brighteners may be included in useful amounts; exemplary useful amounts generally fall within the range on from 0.001 %wt. to 0.1%wt.
  • optical modifying constituents are advantageously included in generally minor amounts such as from 0.001 - 1 %wt. but desirably are present in amounts from 0.01 - 0.75%wt.
  • an optical modifying constituents is necessarily present in the bar soaps.
  • the bar soap compositions may include one or more fragrance materials which may be a one or more compounds which impart an olfactive effect from the bar soap.
  • Exemplary fragrance materials may be based on natural and synthetic fragrances and most commonly are mixtures or blends of a plurality of such fragrances, optionally in conjunction with a carrier such as an organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvents in which the fragrances are dissolved, suspended or dispersed.
  • a carrier such as an organic solvent or a mixture of organic solvents in which the fragrances are dissolved, suspended or dispersed.
  • Such may be natural fragrances, e.g., natural extracts of plants, fruits, roots, stems, leaves, wood extracts, e.g.
  • terpineols resins, balsams, animal raw materials, e.g., civet and beaver, as well as typical synthetic perfume compounds which are frequently products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type, e.g., benzyl acetate, linalyl acetate, citral, citronellal, methyl cedryl ketone, eugenol, isoeugenol, geraniol, linalool, and Typically it is preferred to use mixtures of different perfume compounds which, together, produce an agreeable fragrance.
  • Other suitable perfume oils are essential oils of relatively low volatility which are mostly used as aroma components.
  • Examples are sage oil, camomile oil, clove oil, melissa oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, lime-blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil, labolanum oil and lavendin oil.
  • the fragrance itself displays malodor control properties
  • the fragrance itself displays anti-microbial properties.
  • Preferred example of an anti-microbial compositions are disclosed in, for example, EP 1776944, the contents of which are incorporated by reference.
  • a preferred example of such an antimicrobial fragrance or flavor has the following composition. Dihydrofamesol - 50wt%
  • the fragrance constituent may be present in any effective amount such that it can be discerned by a consumer of the composition, however is advantageously present in amounts of up to about 2%wt, preferably are present in amounts of from about 0.00001%wt. to about 1.25%wt. of the bar soap.
  • the bar soap compositions may include one or more colouring agents, such as one or more dyes and/or pigments, which may be present in effective amounts.
  • one or more colouring agents are present in amounts of about 0.0001 - l%wt. of the bar soap which include said one or more colouring agents.
  • the bar soap compositions may also optionally include a preservative constituent which is used to control the undesired where the microorganisms within the treatment composition is particularly in long-term storage and at elevated temperatures.
  • a preservative constituent which is used to control the undesired where the microorganisms within the treatment composition is particularly in long-term storage and at elevated temperatures.
  • Such are usually distinguished from the optional non-cationic compounds which provide an antimicrobial or germicidal discussed above, as preservative constituents typically are included in minor amounts which are effective in providing a useful benefit to regard spoilage or unwanted microbial growth in the bar soap itself, but are ineffective in providing a useful antimicrobial benefit when dissolved with water to form a washing solution and/or formed into a lather which washing solution and/or lather themselves provided a useful cleaning and/or antimicrobial benefit, particularly to treated dermal surfaces.
  • Nonlimiting examples include one or more of parabens, including methyl parabens and ethyl parabens, glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, 2- bromo-2-nitropropoane- 1 ,3 -diol, 5 -chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3 -one, 2-methyl-4- isothiazoline-3-one, and mixtures thereof.
  • parabens including methyl parabens and ethyl parabens, glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, 2- bromo-2-nitropropoane- 1 ,3 -diol, 5 -chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3 -one, 2-methyl-4- isothiazoline-3-one, and mixtures thereof.
  • One exemplary composition is a combination 5- chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one where the amount of either component may be present in the mixture anywhere from 0.001 to 99.99 weight percent, based on the total amount of the preservative.
  • Further exemplary useful preservatives include those which are commercially including a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4- isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one marketed under the trademark
  • KATHON® CG/ICP as a preservative composition presently commercially available from Rohm and Haas (Philadelphia, PA).
  • the preservative constituent is advantageously present in an amount from about 0.00001 - 0.5%wt. of the bar soap.
  • the bar soap compositions may include one or more antioxidants such as, for example, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).
  • BHT butylated hydroxytoluene
  • any effective amount e.g., 0.00001% - 0.5%wt. of the bar soap.
  • the bar soap compositions may include one or more chelating agents.
  • chelating agents include those known to the art, including by way of non-limiting example; etidronic acids and aminopolycarboxylic acids and salts thereof wherein the amino nitrogen has attached thereto two or more substituent groups.
  • Preferred chelating agents include acids and salts, especially the sodium and potassium salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, N-hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid, and of which the sodium salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid may be particularly advantageously used.
  • Such chelating may be included in generally minor amounts such as from about 0.001 - 0.5 %wt. based on the weight of the chelating agents and/or salt forms thereof.
  • the bar soap compositions may include one or more pH adjusting agents, (which may also be one or more pH buffers) which may be used to establish and/or maintain a desired pH of the compositions from which the bar soaps are formed, as well as to the bar soap itself.
  • pH adjusting agents which may also be one or more pH buffers
  • pH adjusting agents are one or more acids and/or bases whether such be based on organic and/or inorganic compounds or materials.
  • pH adjusting agents include phosphorus containing compounds, monovalent and polyvalent salts such as of silicates, carbonates, and borates, certain acids and bases, tartrates and certain acetates.
  • Further exemplary pH adjusting agents include mineral acids, basic compositions, and organic acids, which are typically required in only minor amounts.
  • pH adjusting agents include monoalkanolamines, dialkanolamines, trialkanolamines, and alkylalkanolamines such as alkyl-dialkanolamines, and dialkyl-monoalkanolamines. Such may also function as detersive surfactants.
  • the alkanol and alkyl groups are generally short to medium chain length, that is, from 1 to 7 carbons in length.
  • pH buffering agents include the alkali metal phosphates, polyphosphates, pyrophosphates, triphosphates, tetraphosphates, silicates, metasilicates, polysilicates, carbonates, hydroxides, and mixtures of the same.
  • Certain salts such as the alkaline earth phosphates, carbonates, hydroxides, can also function as buffers. It may also be suitable to use as buffers such materials as aluminosilicates (zeolites), borates, aluminates and certain organic materials such as gluconates, succinates, maleates, citrates, and their alkali metal salts.
  • the one or more pH adjusting agents are included in amounts which are effective in establishing and/or maintaining the pH of a treatment composition at or desired pH value or within a range of pH values.
  • the one or more pH adjusting agents comprise from about 0.001 - 2.5%wt, preferably from about 0.01 - 1.5%wt. of the treatment composition of which the one or more pH adjusting agents form a part.
  • the bar soap compositions may include one or more skin benefit agents which may be used to promote an improved skin feel, or to improve skin health or appearance, or to promote hair health or appearance.
  • skin benefit agents include but are not limited to lipids such as cholesterol, ceramides, and pseudoceramides; sunscreens such as cinnamates; other types of exfoliant particles such as polyethylene beads, walnut shells, apricot seeds, flower petals and seeds, and inorganics such as silica, and pumice; additional emollients (skin softening agents) such as long chain alcohols and waxes e.g., lanolin; additional moisturizers; skin-toning agents; skin nutrients such as vitamins like Vitamin C, D and E and essential oils like bergamot, citrus unshiu, calamus, and the like; water soluble or insoluble extracts of avocado, grape, grape seed, myrrh, cucumber, watercress, calendula, elder flower, geranium, linden blossom, amarant
  • An amount of water is present in the bar soap and the bar soap compositions from which the bar soaps are formed. Such is in an amount of more than 20wt%, preferably more than 21wt%, more preferably more than 22wt%, more preferably more than 23wt%, and most preferably about 25wt% is provided to the remaining constituents of a bar soap composition. It is to be realized that in certain of the other constituents, a minor amount of water may be present and may thus be supplied to a bar soap composition from which a bar soap is made; such sources of water may be considered to be "added water" as defined herein.
  • the inventors have surprisingly found that the formulation of the invention displays a sufficient structural integrity even at such high water content: higher than is normally present in such a soap bar.
  • bar soap compositions described above may be formed into bar soaps according to conventional production methods known to the art.
  • the bar soaps are made by a process which involved both the intensive mixing or working of the soap mass while it is in a semi-solid plastic state and its forming into a cohesive mass by the process of extrusion.
  • the intensive mixing can be accomplished by one or more unit operations known in the art which can include roller milling, refining, and single or multistage extrusion.
  • Such processes work the bar soap composition preferably at a temperature of between about 20°C and about 70°C to form a homogeneous network of insoluble materials in a viscous liquid and/or liquid crystalline phase containing the lower melting, more soluble surfactants (e.g., soaps and other water soluble/dispersible materials).
  • the extruded mass must be thermoplastic within the process temperature of extrusion which is generally between about 20° C and about 60° C, Thus, the bar soap composition must soften within this process temperature window but remain highly viscous, i.e., not softer excessively to form a sticky mass. The material must regain its structure and harden quickly as the temperature is lowered below its softening point.
  • the softened mass although pliable must be sufficiently viscous so that it does not stick to the surfaces of the extruder in order to be capable of conveyance by the extruder screws but not bend excessively when exiting the extruder as a billet. However, if the mass is too viscous it will not be capable of extrusion at reasonable rates.
  • the extruded mass of the bar soap compositions may be formed by cutting the extrudate into a final form of a bar soap having defined geometry.
  • the extruded mass may be further optionally formed into a formed bar soap, such as by stamping or compressing a cut mass of the bar soap composition into a formed three-dimensional shape having a defined geometry.
  • bar soaps of the invention may be made.
  • Such extruded bar soaps have physical-chemical properties and an internal structure which are different from soaps that are made by a melt-cast process wherein a bar composition is first melted and liquefied in order to form a liquid phase which is then poured into moulds to solidify by quiescent cooling, after which the cooled "cast” bars may be removed and used.
  • the bar soaps formed form the bar soap compositions are rigid, self-supporting articles having a hardness as measured using a Humboldt Model H-1240 electric
  • a single reading, or an average of a plurality of needle penetration readings may be used in this evaluation.
  • the bar soap compositions of the present invention are found to be sufficiently durable for use in forming bar soaps therefrom by conventional processes, even though preferred bar soaps comprise in their soap constituent a high weight percentage of Ce - C1 ⁇ 2, and in particular Ci 2 fatty acid soaps of potassium as such lower alkyl distributions in a soap constituent are frequently considered as being too soft for use in a product which is formed into a rigid, three- dimensional tablet or cake, viz., a bar soap, and which also exhibits a useful service life after repeated wettings with water.
  • the bar soaps of the present invention are sufficiently hard and provide a satisfactory service life in their product format. Subsequently the bar soaps may be packaged for sale as vendible products, e.g., overwrapped in a coated paper wrapper, packaged in a box, or even sold without any additional packaging.
  • the bar soaps are used in a conventional manner for personal washing of an mammalian body, e.g., human body and are advantageously used in personal washing, particularly of the epidermis, and hair.
  • the bar soap When used in a conventional washing process, typically the bar soap is wetted with water, and then contacted with one or more parts of the body, e.g., the epidermis, and hair.
  • a quantity of the bar soap composition is thus eluted into the water and forms a washing composition which provides a useful cleaning and/or microbicidal benefit to the contacted parts of the body.
  • the washing composition when entraining air, may form a lather which is also useful in providing a useful cleaning and/or microbicidal benefit to the contacted parts of the body.
  • the washing composition is typically washed or rinsed off the treated parts of the body, e.g., epidermis, hair, with an additional amount of water.
  • the bar soaps of the invention are used in a conventional manner, they are used, as well as intended to be used, by contacting a bar soap with a quantity of water, which can be flowing water such as from a faucet, or can be a body (or aliquot) of water such as in a sink, or wash basin.
  • a bar soap can be flowing water such as from a faucet, or can be a body (or aliquot) of water such as in a sink, or wash basin.
  • Such contact between the soap bar and the water causes the dissolution or dispersion of the constituents of the bar soap into the water, viz., and "elution".
  • This elution provides an effective antimicrobial benefit to a topical surface, particularly to the epidermis of a person or animal.
  • elutions formed from the partial dissolution of a bar soap composition or bar soap in water which form aqueous dilutions of the bar soaps at concentrations of from 10 - 20 %w/v, (particularly preferably about 10%w/v) exhibit a pH in the range of at least about 9 more preferably a pH in the range of from about 9 - 10, more preferably from about 9.2 - 9.7, with particularly preferred pH values being identified with reference to one or more of the Examples.
  • elutions exhibit an antimicrobial benefit, particularly according to the testing protocol described with reference to the
  • aqueous compositions (elutions) of 16%wt. bar soap/water, preferably in deionized or distilled water exhibit at least about a 2.0 loglO reduction of E.coli, S. enterica, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, E. aerogenes, E. faecalis, S. aureus according to ASTM E2315 - 03 "Standard Guide for Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity Using a Time-Kill Procedure".
  • aqueous compositions exhibit even higher levels of antimicrobial efficacy, preferably (and in order of increasing preference) at least about 2.5, 2.75, 3.0, 3.25, 3.5, 3.75, 4, 4.25, 4.5, 4.75, 5, 5.25, 5.5, 5.75, and even about 6 log10 reduction of according to ASTM E2315 - 03.
  • Specific formulations, specific degrees of antimicrobial efficacy of tested aqueous elutions, according to ASTM E2315 - 03 are demonstrated amongst the Examples.
  • TSC Tryptic sodium chloride
  • TSA Tryptic soy agar
  • Agar containing extra neutralizers such as TSA+ (TSA with Lecithin and Polysorbate 80) and TSA-EXTRA can substitute TSA when test samples that are difficult to neutralize are tested .
  • TSA and TSA+ dehydrated media can be purchased from a manufacturer.
  • TSA- EXTRA ingredients and directions are listed below.
  • Tween 80 can be heated separately first and allowed to cool for 3-5 minutes before being added to other components.
  • Neutralization liquid can be any validated mixture such as Dettol Neutralizer or DIE Broth.
  • Dettol Neutralizer ingredients & directions are listed below.
  • DIE Broth dehydrated media can be purchased from a manufacturer.
  • Tween 80 can be heated separately first and allowed to cool for 3-5 minutes before being added to other components.
  • Solutions A & B can be stored at 2 °C to 8 °C for up to one month.
  • the final solution of Hard Water can be stored at 2 °C to 8 °C for up to one month.
  • TSA slant Inoculate a TSA slant from frozen bead and incubate. Following incubation, transfer the culture to a 2"d TSA slant and incubate. A 3rd slant may be prepared and incubated. Use the 2"d or 3rd slant transfer in testing. Subcultures are prepared on TSA slants and incubated for 18 - 24 hours at 36 ⁇ I 0 C. Refer to SOP No. MN 4/li for stock culture preparation. Alternatively, a second or third generation subculture from a culture purchased from a certified supplier can be used. Other organisms can be tested when desired, and can be chosen from the following list when desired:
  • the appropriate growth medium and temperature should be used for each organism, for example Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) at 30 ⁇ 1°C for fungi.
  • PDA Potato Dextrose Agar
  • the yeast working culture must be a second or third generation subculture on the appropriate growth medium initiated from frozen beads and incubated at 30
  • the mould working culture is a first generation subculture on the appropriate
  • growth medium initiated from frozen beads and incubated at 30 ⁇ I °C for 7- 9 days or until sufficient growth is observed.
  • wash-off liquid samples should be tested at a final in-test dilution of 50%v/v unless otherwise stated. This dilution is achieved when the 1 mL of test culture is added, i.e. 5 mL sample, 4 mL Hard Water and 1 mL test culture.
  • Bar soaps should be tested as a 16% w/v solution.
  • the soap suspension is initially prepared at a concentration 1.11 times this required level, to allow for dilution of the sample in test by the addition of 1 rriL inoculum to 9 mL sample suspension.
  • At least half of a bar soap should be grated at one time to ensure consistency of the grated product. Grate the soap bar using a clean food processor or other suitable instrument (e.g. a cheese grater) to produce small chips or powder of soap. Transfer 17.76g of these chips or powder to a suitable sterile glass bottle. Once a bar of soap has been grated, it must be used within 36 hours.
  • a clean food processor or other suitable instrument e.g. a cheese grater
  • EN Hard Water Add 82.24 mL of EN Hard Water to the soap chips or powder to suspend the soap on the day of testing.
  • EN Hard Water can be placed at room temperature for 24 hours prior to addition to the soap, to allow for fasterdissolving.
  • Test solutions must maintain a temperature of 37 ⁇ 1 °C in a water bath (shaking or circulating preferred) unless otherwise stated. Monitor using a calibrated thermometer (e.g. Fluke).
  • a sterile 20 x 150 mm culture tube or otherwise appropriate sterile container, e.g. a
  • McCartney bottle add 4 mL Hard Water to 5 mL of a liquid handwash sample.
  • a liquid handwash sample For liquid leave-on samples and wipes (as an expressed liquid), dispense 9 mL of the sample in a culture tube.
  • bar soaps For bar soaps, dispense
  • Dissolved bar soaps should be kept at 50- 55 °C until
  • sample mixture to equilibrate in the water bath for the determined equilibration time. Ensure the sample mixture is below the waterline of the 37 ⁇ 1 °C water bath. Also include a tube containing 8mL Neutralizer and 1 mL sterile purified water for each sample tested and allow this to equilibrate at the testing temperature.
  • test mixture for viscous samples such as shampoo or bar soap, a syringe or positive displacement pipette may be used
  • a tube containing 8 mL neutralizer and 1 mL water which has equilibrated at the test temperature.
  • resultant inactivated mixture is a 10-1 dilution of the test reaction mixture(*).
  • a test procedure runs over a long period of time, separate dilutions should be performed to represent different pOltions of the day during which testing was performed. For example, if a test is performed through a full day, there should be one dilution done in the moming and one in the afternoon.
  • Neutralization must be validated at least once for each new test sample /organism combination tested.
  • Neutralization is effective if the number of organisms in the inactivated test sample mixture is at least within 0.5 log of that recovered from the control.
  • the weighted mean is the average of choice, and is used when two dilutions have a number of colonies
  • Weighted means can be used in combination. For example, if one of the 10 1 plate counts is within range and two of the 10 -2 plate counts are within range, these three counts can be added and the total divided by 1.2. This value can be multiplied by the reciprocal of the highest dilution.
  • the arithmetic mean is used when only one dilution has colonies in the range 15 - 300 CFU/mL and duplicate plating is used. Divide the mean of the two numbers by two.
  • the log value of this is ⁇ 2.18. As no actual organisms were recovered, insert a ">" symbol before the calculated Microbial Effect (ME) value.
  • microbiocidal effect (ME) due to the action of the test sample over the test contact time at the temperature at which the test was performed is expressed by the formula:
  • Nc number of CFU/mL of the in test culture count (1 : 10 of the initial suspension population control result)
  • Nd number of the CFU/mL of the sample count Calculate to 2 decimal places.
  • Aromahygiene® fragrances Aromahygiene® is a registered trademark of Takasago International Corporation (USA)
  • Microorganisms Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228) were grown overnight in an enriched nutrient broth and sampled to determine the bacterial number. They were added to the test solutions, mixed using a vortex mixer and incubated at room temperature.
  • Samples were removed at various fixed time intervals and diluted into D/E Neutralization broth (Difco, Detroit, MI, USA). The treated samples were then spiral plated onto solid media and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Colony-forming units were then counted and normalized as log cfu/ml. Activity was calculated as the difference between initial counts versus final counts at that time interval.
  • D/E Neutralization broth Difco, Detroit, MI, USA
  • Plastic lid to fit with 5/8" hole drilled at 6 o'clock and 1 ⁇ 4" hole drilled at 12 o'clock
  • Stratum corneum has a brick and mortar like structure of dead cells where the bricks correspond to keratin and the mortar to lipids.
  • a surfactant interacts with the skin, it dissolves the keratin in the SC thus damaging the outer protective layer of the skin (Ananthapadmanabhan KP, Cleansing without compromise: the impact of cleansers on the skin barrier and the technology of mild cleansing, 2004).
  • the skin starts losing more moisture than normal due to the damage in the protective upper layer of SC.
  • this level reaches below 10 % water content, the skin becomes dry, scaly and itchy (see Lukacovic above). So, when a surfactant damages the layers of SC, it increases water loss leading to dry skin.
  • Figure 2 shows how the surfactant interacts at the active sites of the protein resulting in denaturation and unfolding of it. Since keratin is insoluble in water, the amount of protein solublized in the presence of a surfactant solution can be directly correlated with the harshness of that surfactant - more the dissolution of keratin from the skin, the harsher is the surfactant. However, keratin is not readily available for experimentation and zein is a cheap and suitable alternative.
  • a 1 % solution of the formulation was made in distilled water. If it was not possible to operate at 1 % for any reason, a lower concentration was chosen for experimentation. Then, a 100 ml of this solution was taken for evaluating Zein solubility. This was done in triplicates. The rest was used as a blank for the experiment. The solution was kept under stirring at 250 rpm. Two grams of Zein was added to the solution and the stopwatch was set off simultaneously. The mixture was left on stirring for 10 minutes after which the solution was left undisturbed for one minute. After the un- dissolved Zein settled, a sample was extracted from the solution avoiding the top and the bottom layers using a syringe.
  • Option 2 Let the pH be what it tends to be naturally in the surfactant solution for comparison. This will be a function of the formulation used.
  • Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Assay was used to assess the potential ocular irritancy of the test articles to isolated bovine corneas.
  • Bovine corneas obtained as a byproduct from freshly slaughtered animals, were mounted in special holders and exposed to the test articles. An in vitro score was determined for each test article based on the induction of opacity and permeability (to fluorescein) in the isolated bovine corneas.
  • the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential ocular irritancy of the test articles, as measured by changes in opacity and permeability (to fluorescein) in isolated bovine corneas.
  • Bovine eyes were obtained from freshly slaughtered animals (J.W. TREUTH & SONS, Inc., Baltimore, MD). The eyes were excised and then placed in Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution, containing penicillin/streptomycin (HBSS), and transported to the laboratory on ice packs.
  • HBSS penicillin/streptomycin
  • EMEM Minimum Essential Medium
  • Complete MEM 1% fetal bovine serum
  • 2 mM L-glutamine Complete MEM (without phenol red)
  • the positive control used in this study was ethanol (Pharmco).
  • the negative control used in this study was sterile, deionized water (Quality Biological).
  • test article was administered to the test system as a 10% (w/v) (100 mg/mL) dilution in sterile, deionized water.
  • Each test article dilution was prepared by weighing the test article into a prelabeled conical tube. Sterile, deionized water was added until a 10% (w/v) dilution was achieved, the conical tube was vortexed for approximately 2 minutes, and then the conical tube was placed on a plate shaker for -23 hours at room temperature. After shaking overnight, each dilution was centrifuged at 100 x g for 1 minute at room temperature to separate the foam bubbles from the dilution. Each dilution was dosed onto the corneas within 15 minutes of removal from the plate shaker. For the remainder of this report, each test article dilution is referred to as the test article.
  • each test article was determined using pH paper (EMD Millipore Corporation). Initially, each test article was added to 0-14 pH paper with 1.0 pH unit increments to approximate a narrow pH range. Next, each test article was added to 7.5-14 pH paper with 0.5 pH unit increments. The pH values obtained from the narrower range pH paper are presented in Table 1.
  • the corneas were removed from the incubator.
  • the medium was removed from both chambers and replaced with fresh Complete MEM (without phenol red).
  • the initial opacity was determined for each cornea using an Electro Design OP-KIT opacitometer.
  • the treatment of each cornea was identified with the test article number written in permanent marker on colored tape, affixed to each holder.
  • the medium was then removed from the anterior chamber and replaced with the test article, positive control, or negative control.
  • test articles were tested as 10% (w/v) dilutions in sterile, deionized water.
  • An aliquot of 750 ⁇ of the test article, positive control, or negative control was introduced into the anterior chamber while slightly rotating the holder to ensure uniform distribution over the cornea.
  • the test articles were administered to the corneas by open chamber technique.
  • the glass window was removed from the anterior chamber immediately prior to treatment, and then the test articles were administered by direct addition onto the epithelial surface of the cornea using a positive displacement pipet. Each cornea was completely covered with test article. After dosing, the glass window was replaced on the anterior chamber.
  • Three corneas were incubated in the presence of the positive control at 32 ⁇ 1°C for 10 minutes.
  • the glass window was removed from the anterior chamber and the test article was rinsed from the treated cornea and the anterior chamber with Complete MEM (with phenol red). Care was taken not to spray the corneas directly.
  • the chamber windows were returned to the chambers when most or all of the test article had been removed.
  • the rinsing process continued in the same manner as the positive and negative control-treated corneas.
  • the corneas were then given a final rinse with Complete MEM (without phenol red).
  • the anterior chambers were refilled with fresh Complete MEM (without phenol red) and an opacity measurement was performed.
  • the corneas were returned to the incubator for approximately 2 hours after which a final measure of opacity was obtained.
  • the medium was removed from both chambers of the holder.
  • the posterior chamber was filled with fresh Complete MEM (without phenol red) and 1 mL of a 4 mg/mL fluorescein solution was added to the anterior chamber.
  • the corneas were then incubated in a horizontal position (anterior side up) for approximately 90 minutes at 32 ⁇ 1°C.
  • the medium was removed from the posterior chambers and placed into tubes numbered with corresponding chamber numbers. Aliquots of 360 ⁇ from the numbered tubes were placed into their designated wells on a 96-well plate.
  • the optical density at 490 nm (OD490) was determined using a Molecular Devices Vmax kinetic microplate reader. The plate reading was saved to a designated print file.
  • Opacity Measurement The change in opacity for each cornea (including the negative control corneas) was calculated by subtracting the initial opacity reading from the final opacity reading. These values were then corrected by subtracting from each the average change in opacity observed for the negative control corneas. The mean opacity value of each treatment group was calculated by averaging the corrected opacity values of each cornea for that treatment condition. Permeability Measurement: The mean OD490 value for the blank wells was calculated. The mean blank OD490 value was then subtracted from the raw OD490 value of each well (corrected OD490). The final corrected OD490 values of the test articles and the positive control were then calculated by subtracting the average corrected OD490 value of the negative control corneas from the corrected OD490 value of each treated cornea:
  • the mean OD490 value of each treatment group was calculated by averaging the final corrected OD490 values of the treated corneas for that treatment condition.
  • the BCOP assay was accepted when the positive control (ethanol) caused an in vitro score that fell within two standard deviations of the historical mean. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
  • Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Assay Table 1 summarizes the opacity, permeability, and in vitro score for the test articles and the positive control. Since the results of the positive control fell within two standard deviations of the historical mean (within a range of 39.1 to 63.7), the assay was considered valid.
  • a post-exposure (PE) opacity reading was performed immediately after rinsing and then a final opacity reading was performed after the 2 hour post-exposure incubation period.
  • the PE reading was performed to capture immediate effects of the test article to the cornea (e.g. cloudiness of the cornea). Only the final opacity value was used to determine the change in opacity for data calculations (determination of In Vitro Irritation Score).
  • Certain types of products e.g. those which contain surfactants may show immediate increases in opacity (as determined at the PE reading), and then result in a lower opacity value at the final opacity determination.
  • IVIS In Vitro Irritation Score

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne une composition de savon en pain exerçant un effet antimicrobien efficace contre les pathogènes tels que les bactéries à Gram positif/négatif et les virus. Les compositions de savons en pain selon l'invention comprennent : a) jusqu'à 10 % en poids d'un composé germicide à base d'ammonium non quaternaire, b) au moins 45 % en poids de sels d'acides gras saturés C12, C14,C16 et C18, c) au moins 20 % en poids d'eau, et d) jusqu'à 10 % en poids de sulfonate d'alcane secondaire, ledit savon en pain étant sensiblement exempt de charges à base de silicate.
PCT/GB2015/053444 2014-11-20 2015-11-13 Composition de savon en pain Ceased WO2016079480A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1420629.6 2014-11-20
GBGB1420629.6A GB201420629D0 (en) 2014-11-20 2014-11-20 Composition
GB201503484A GB201503484D0 (en) 2014-11-20 2015-03-02 Composition
GB1503484.6 2015-03-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016079480A1 true WO2016079480A1 (fr) 2016-05-26

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Country Link
GB (2) GB201420629D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016079480A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6218348B1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2001-04-17 Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. Process of making soap bar with enhanced skin benefits comprising adding salts of specific protic acid
WO2007065538A1 (fr) * 2005-12-07 2007-06-14 Unilever Plc Préparation détergente améliorée
WO2013144603A1 (fr) * 2012-03-30 2013-10-03 Reckitt & Colman (Overseas) Limited Savons en pain

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6218348B1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2001-04-17 Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. Process of making soap bar with enhanced skin benefits comprising adding salts of specific protic acid
WO2007065538A1 (fr) * 2005-12-07 2007-06-14 Unilever Plc Préparation détergente améliorée
WO2013144603A1 (fr) * 2012-03-30 2013-10-03 Reckitt & Colman (Overseas) Limited Savons en pain

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GB201503484D0 (en) 2015-04-15

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