WO2016110153A1 - 一种细径保偏光纤 - Google Patents

一种细径保偏光纤 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016110153A1
WO2016110153A1 PCT/CN2015/093683 CN2015093683W WO2016110153A1 WO 2016110153 A1 WO2016110153 A1 WO 2016110153A1 CN 2015093683 W CN2015093683 W CN 2015093683W WO 2016110153 A1 WO2016110153 A1 WO 2016110153A1
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Prior art keywords
layer
diameter
fiber
coating
refractive index
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PCT/CN2015/093683
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗文勇
刘志坚
柯一礼
莫琦
胡福明
雷琼
康志文
但融
赵磊
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Fiberhome Telecommunication Technologies Co Ltd
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Fiberhome Telecommunication Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to RU2016147749A priority Critical patent/RU2678205C1/ru
Priority to US15/317,398 priority patent/US9726817B2/en
Priority to JP2017506819A priority patent/JP6495436B2/ja
Priority to ES15876653T priority patent/ES2851394T3/es
Priority to EP15876653.5A priority patent/EP3141937B1/en
Publication of WO2016110153A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016110153A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/024—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with polarisation maintaining properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
    • G02B6/3616—Holders, macro size fixtures for mechanically holding or positioning fibres, e.g. on an optical bench
    • G02B6/362—Vacuum holders for optical elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/01205—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/01211—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube
    • C03B37/01217—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube for making preforms of polarisation-maintaining optical fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/10—Coating
    • C03C25/104—Coating to obtain optical fibres
    • C03C25/1065—Multiple coatings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
    • G02B6/443—Protective covering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/0128—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on electro-mechanical, magneto-mechanical, elasto-optic effects
    • G02F1/0131—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on electro-mechanical, magneto-mechanical, elasto-optic effects based on photo-elastic effects, e.g. mechanically induced birefringence
    • G02F1/0134—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on electro-mechanical, magneto-mechanical, elasto-optic effects based on photo-elastic effects, e.g. mechanically induced birefringence in optical waveguides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2203/00—Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape
    • C03B2203/30—Polarisation maintaining [PM], i.e. birefringent products, e.g. with elliptical core, by use of stress rods, "PANDA" type fibres
    • C03B2203/31—Polarisation maintaining [PM], i.e. birefringent products, e.g. with elliptical core, by use of stress rods, "PANDA" type fibres by use of stress-imparting rods, e.g. by insertion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02395—Glass optical fibre with a protective coating, e.g. two layer polymer coating deposited directly on a silica cladding surface during fibre manufacture
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/028—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with core or cladding having graded refractive index
    • G02B6/0286—Combination of graded index in the central core segment and a graded index layer external to the central core segment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
    • G02B6/03688—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 5 or more layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03694—Multiple layers differing in properties other than the refractive index, e.g. attenuation, diffusion, stress properties

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of special optical fibers, in particular to a fine-diameter polarization-maintaining optical fiber.
  • PMF Planarization Maintaining Optical Fiber
  • PMF Planarization Maintaining Optical Fiber
  • the linear polarization retention capability of PMF has utility in many polarization-related applications (eg, multi-dimensional multiplexed coherent communication, fiber optic gyro technology, current mutual inductance technology, fiber optic hydrophones, polarization sensing, etc.).
  • the PMF When PMF is used in a fiber optic gyroscope, the PMF is wound into a fiber optic ring for application.
  • the fiber ring is the core component of the fiber optic gyroscope.
  • the performance of the fiber ring directly determines the performance of the fiber optic gyroscope.
  • the length of the fiber in the fiber ring determines the accuracy of the fiber optic gyroscope.
  • the performance of the fiber itself determines the key to the environmental adaptability of the fiber ring, which in turn determines The environmental adaptability of fiber optic gyroscopes.
  • the fiber-optic gyro using PMF is different from the general communication fiber.
  • the fiber-optic gyro using PMF focuses on the mechanical properties, optical polarization and environmental adaptability of the fiber (mainly including normal temperature crosstalk and full temperature string). Sound, normal temperature loss, full temperature additional loss variation, mode field diameter, beat length, tension screening, cladding diameter, coating diameter, etc.).
  • the categories of PMF mainly include geometric birefringence polarization-maintaining fibers and stress birefringence polarization-maintaining fibers.
  • the geometric birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber is mainly an elliptical core polarization-maintaining fiber.
  • the geometrical asymmetry of the core is used to realize the birefringence effect to control the line deviation of the light. Vibration state.
  • the stress birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber mainly includes a bow-tie type polarization-maintaining fiber, an elliptical-clad polarization-maintaining fiber, and a Panda-type polarization-maintaining fiber; when the birefringent polarization-maintaining fiber is used, the expansion coefficient of the cladding material and the cladding material are different in the cladding of the optical fiber.
  • the huge material forms a stress region, and the mode field of the light transmitted by the core is compressed by stress to achieve a birefringence effect to maintain the linear polarization characteristics of the light.
  • the evolution of the cladding diameter/coating diameter of the Panda-type polarization-maintaining fiber has been promoted by the technical requirements of the fiber-optic gyro: 200 ⁇ m/400 ⁇ m, 125 ⁇ m/245 ⁇ m, 80 ⁇ m/165 ⁇ m.
  • the coating diameter is at least 165 ⁇ m.
  • the 80 ⁇ m/165 ⁇ m self-panda-type polarization-maintaining fiber as the fiber-optic gyro fiber optic ring has a smaller outer shape, which brings a series of benefits for the application of the fiber-optic gyroscope, in which the temperature performance of the fiber-optic ring is improved. The effect is most significant. However, with the further development of fiber optic gyro technology and the application development requirements of current mutual inductance technology for smart grids, fiber optic rings require better temperature performance and smaller size.
  • the conventional method for reducing the outer shape of the polarization-maintaining fiber is generally to directly reduce the diameter of the optical fiber.
  • the conventional method for reducing the outer shape of the polarization maintaining fiber is difficult to apply to the fiber optic gyroscope with high precision requirements.
  • the temperature change rate on a certain fiber is usually caused by the temperature gradient inside and outside the fiber ring caused by the ambient temperature.
  • the temperature rate sensitivity that characterizes the Shupe error is also called the temperature gradient sensitivity.
  • the fiber optic gyro bias drift caused by ambient temperature is caused by the temperature change rate. Since this Shupe error is indistinguishable from the Sagnac effect phase shift caused by rotation, measures must be taken to suppress the temperature drift of the fiber optic gyroscope.
  • the method for suppressing the temperature drift of the fiber optic gyroscope is generally: winding the fiber ring by a symmetrical winding method such as a quadrupole method or an eight-pole method, and compensating the radial temperature by making the adjacent two pairs of symmetric fiber layer layers reverse in order to compensate the radial temperature. Field gradient.
  • This method has a very effective suppression effect on the Shupe error in the fiber optic gyroscope.
  • the fiber wraparound state still exists non-ideal. In the medium and high precision fiber optic gyroscope application, the residual temperature drift is still negligible. of.
  • the fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber can suppress the temperature drift of the fiber-optic gyro, and the diameter of the fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber cladding is 80 ⁇ m or less, and the coating diameter ranges from 90 to 140 ⁇ m.
  • the fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber has better bending resistance; the same length of fiber can be wound into a smaller-sized ring while the fiber is in the gyro structure.
  • the number of layers on the fiber is also reduced, and the temperature difference between the inner and outer sides of the fiber ring is reduced, so that the Shupe error of the fiber optic gyroscope can be effectively suppressed, and the full temperature performance of the fiber optic gyroscope can be improved.
  • the use of the small-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber can wind the fiber loop with a longer length, which can greatly improve the limit precision of the fiber-optic gyro of the same size, and meet the small size of the medium-precision fiber optic gyroscope. Application requirements.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber which not only has excellent attenuation and crosstalk stability characteristics, but also has excellent long-term operational stability characteristics, and can be a high-precision fiber optic gyroscope.
  • a fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber which not only has excellent attenuation and crosstalk stability characteristics, but also has excellent long-term operational stability characteristics, and can be a high-precision fiber optic gyroscope.
  • Developed to provide a better fiber ring which will lay the foundation for the development of fiber optic gyro in the direction of miniaturization and high precision.
  • a fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber comprising a quartz fiber, wherein an outer coating and an outer coating are disposed on a periphery of the quartz fiber, and an optical fiber core layer and a quartz cladding layer are disposed inside the quartz fiber.
  • the quartz cladding layer is located at the periphery of the core layer of the optical fiber; two stress regions are disposed between the optical fiber core layer and the quartz cladding layer, and the two stress regions are symmetrically distributed along the center of the optical fiber core layer; between the inner coating layer and the outer coating layer A buffer coating is disposed, and a buffer layer concentric with the stress region is disposed on each periphery of each stress region;
  • the refractive index of the optical fiber core layer is n light, the refractive index of the buffer layer is n slow, the refractive index of the quartz cladding layer is n stone; the refractive index of the stress region is n, and the periphery of the stress region Where the refractive index is n, the refractive index at the center of the stress region is n;
  • the relative refractive index difference between n light and n stone is 0.5% to 1.3%, and the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n between n and n stone is slowed to -0.1% to -0.4%; n should be opposite to n stone The refractive index difference ⁇ n should be -0.1% to -0.4%, and the relative refractive index difference ⁇ n between n and n should be -1.2% to -0.8%;
  • the attenuation reaches 0.5 dB/km or less, and the crosstalk reaches -35 dB/km; when the working wavelength of the small-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber is 1550 nm, the attenuation reaches 0.4 dB. Below /km, the crosstalk reaches -30dB/km.
  • the diameter of the optical fiber core layer is d light
  • the diameter of the buffer layer is d
  • the diameter of the quartz optical fiber is d stone
  • the diameter of the stress region is d
  • d The ratio of light to d stone is 0.05 to 0.08, and the ratio of d to d is 1.0 to 1.2, d should be the ratio of d stone to 0.2 ⁇ 0.4.
  • the diameter of the inner coating layer is d
  • the diameter of the buffer coating layer is d-coating
  • the diameter of the outer coating layer is d
  • the ratio of the inside of d to the outside of d is From 0.65 to 0.85
  • the ratio of d-coating to outside of d is 0.75 to 0.9.
  • the diameter d of the quartz fiber is 50 um or 80 um, and the outer diameter of the d is 90 um to 140 um.
  • the Young's modulus of the undercoat layer is 0.05 MPa to 20 MPa, and the Young's modulus of the overcoat layer is 0.5 GPa to 1.5 GPa; the Young's modulus of the buffer coating layer The amount is from 0.1 MPa to 600 MPa, and the Young's modulus of the buffer coating is between the inner coating and the outer coating.
  • the inner coating layer is coated by a single mold, and after being cured by ultraviolet rays, the buffer coating is simultaneously applied through the double mold.
  • the layer and the outer coating, and finally the buffer coating and the outer coating are simultaneously cured by ultraviolet rays.
  • ⁇ is a relative refractive index difference;
  • n is converted into n light in the above formula;
  • n is reduced to n in the above formula;
  • the stress region When the relative refractive index difference between the periphery and the quartz cladding layer is different, the n-fold is n outside the above formula; when calculating the relative refractive index difference between the center of the stress region and the quartz cladding layer, the n-fold is n in the above formula.
  • the core layer of the optical fiber is made by erbium doping
  • the buffer layer is made by shallow boron doping
  • the stress zone is made by deep boron doping.
  • the present invention designs a novel waveguide structure for polarization-maintaining fibers.
  • a buffer layer is disposed around the stress region of the polarization-maintaining fiber, a smooth parabolic waveguide structure is used for the stress region, and a parabolic-bonded platform-type waveguide structure is used for the core region. . Therefore, the present invention can solve the problem of large attenuation caused by a large proportion of the stress region occupying the entire quartz region when the diameter of the optical fiber cladding is reduced.
  • the present invention is designed with a thin buffer coating between the conventional inner coating and the outer coating, so that the string of polarization-maintaining fibers due to thinning of the coating can be effectively solved in the case of a thin coating.
  • the problem that sound is difficult to control well.
  • the present invention provides a basis for further thinning of the diameter of the polarization maintaining fiber by the double buffering design of the buffer layer and the buffer coating.
  • the fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber with double buffer design of the present invention not only has excellent attenuation.
  • crosstalk stability characteristics, and excellent long-term stability characteristics can provide a better fiber ring for the development of high-precision fiber optic gyroscope, and lay the foundation for the development of fiber optic gyroscope in the direction of miniaturization and high precision.
  • the present invention is a good implementation of the inner coating, the buffer coating and the outer coating (which can be visually understood as a sandwich coating), and develops a new coating technology of dry + wet + wet, that is, the inner coating is Single mold coating, buffer coating and outer coating are simultaneously coated with two molds, so that in the case of a three-layer coating structure of the fiber, two coating curing techniques can still be used to achieve good curing of the fiber. It provides a feasible technical solution for the development of polarization-maintaining fibers with excellent attenuation and crosstalk characteristics.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a quartz end face of a fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an end face of a fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber coating according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a waveguide structure of a portion of a small-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber having a stress region according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is an optical fiber of a small-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber under long-term aging conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention; a graph of the stability characteristic curve of the attenuation;
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing a stability characteristic curve of a fiber crosstalk of a fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber under long-term aging conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the small-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber in the embodiment of the present invention includes a quartz fiber 5, and the inside of the quartz fiber 5 is provided with an optical fiber core layer 1 and a quartz cladding layer 2, and the quartz cladding layer 2 is located at the core layer of the optical fiber.
  • Two stress zones 4 are disposed between the fiber core layer 1 and the quartz cladding layer 2, and the two stress zones 4 are symmetrically distributed along the center of the fiber core layer 1, and each layer of the stress zone 4 is provided with a layer concentric with the stress zone 4 Buffer layer 3.
  • the outer periphery of the quartz fiber 5 is provided with an inner coating 6 and an outer coating 8, and a buffer coating 7 is disposed between the inner coating 6 and the outer coating 8.
  • the refractive index of the fiber core n 1 is the optical refractive index of the buffer layer 3 is n slow, silica cladding refractive index n 2 of stone; index of refraction is n stress region 4 should be refractive index region 4 of the peripheral stress In addition , the refractive index of the center of the stress region 4 should be n.
  • ⁇ is a relative refractive index difference;
  • the optical fiber core waveguide structure of a waveguide structure is a step type, an optical fiber using a core made of germanium doped embodiment, n and n stone light relative refractive index difference ⁇ n light of 0.5% to 1.3 %.
  • n and n stone light relative refractive index difference ⁇ n light of 0.5% to 1.3 %.
  • the medium is -1.2% to -0.8%.
  • Diameter of the fiber core 1 is d light
  • the buffer layer diameter d 3 is slow
  • quartz fiber 5 (i.e. 2 silica cladding) diameter stone diameter d is d 4 stress region should; d and d rock light ratio of 0.05 ⁇ 0.08, d and d slow ratio corresponding to 1.0 ⁇ 1.2, d d ratio should be 0.2 to 0.4 stone.
  • Stone embodiment silica fiber diameter d of the embodiment of the present invention 5 or 50um 80um
  • the diameter of the inner coating 6 is d
  • diameter of the buffer coating buffer coating 7 is d
  • the outer diameter d of the outer coating 8 is 90um ⁇ 140um
  • the ratio of the inner and outer d d is 0.65 to 0.85
  • the ratio of the outer coating and the slow d d 0.75 to 0.9.
  • the Young's modulus of the buffer coating 7 is between the inner coating layer 6 and the outer coating layer 8, the Young's modulus of the inner coating layer 6 is 0.05 MPa to 20 MPa, and the Young's modulus of the outer coating layer 8 is 0.5 MPa.
  • the Young's modulus of the buffer coating 7 is 1.5 MPa to 600 MPa at 1.5 GPa.
  • the inner coating layer 6, the buffer coating layer 7 and the outer coating layer 8 are all cured by ultraviolet rays, specifically: the inner coating layer 6 is coated by a single mold, and after being cured by ultraviolet rays, the buffer coating layer is simultaneously applied through the double mold. 7 and the outer coating 8, and finally the buffer coating 7 and the outer coating 8 are simultaneously cured by ultraviolet rays, thereby achieving special dry + wet + wet coating curing.
  • the attenuation when the operating wavelength of the fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber is 1310 nm, the attenuation reaches 0.5 dB/km or less, and the crosstalk reaches -35 dB/km; when the working wavelength of the fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fiber is 1550 nm, the attenuation reaches Below 0.4dB/km, the crosstalk reaches -30dB/km.
  • the mode field diameter can be controlled to be smaller, and the polarization-maintaining fiber has stronger bending resistance.
  • the attenuation of the polarization-maintaining fiber is better, and the mode field diameter becomes larger.
  • the biasing ability of the bias fiber is weak.
  • n is slow may be larger values, this time only low buffering capacity of the polarization maintaining optical fiber; when When the n- light is lower and the minimum value of n4 is smaller, the value of n3 may be smaller. In this case, a higher buffering capability is required for the polarization-maintaining fiber.
  • ⁇ n should be outside and ⁇ n should be able to control the refractive index range, and thus achieve good crosstalk and beat length control under the condition of small diameter polarization maintaining fiber.
  • the specific diameter ratio of the present invention enables good mode field diameter, cutoff wavelength, and crosstalk and beat length performance control of the fiber.
  • the fine-diameter polarization-maintaining optical fiber of the present invention will be specifically described below by means of two embodiments.
  • Example 1 Quartz diameter d stone fiber 5 into four small diameter when 80um polarization maintaining fiber: fiber 1, the optical fiber 2, an optical fiber 3 and optical fiber 4, fiber 1, the optical fiber 2, the specific parameters of the optical fiber 3 and the optical fiber 4, see Table 1.
  • Table 1 Parameter table of four kinds of fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fibers when the stone is 80um
  • Example 2 Stone silica fiber diameter d 5 of four kinds when the small diameter 50um polarization maintaining fiber: fiber 5, optical fibers 6, optical fibers 7 and 8, the optical fiber 5, optical fibers 6, optical fibers 7 and 8 specific parameters in Table 2.
  • Table 2 Parameter table of four kinds of fine-diameter polarization-maintaining fibers when the d- stone is 50um
  • the optical fiber obtained in Examples 1 and 2 was subjected to a long-term aging test at 85 °C and 85% humidity. Through repeated experiments of multiple samples in the past month, after a large amount of data analysis, the theoretical values of the fiber attenuation and crosstalk stable operating characteristics of the fiber under the condition of working for 5 years are obtained. Referring to Figure 4, the increase in attenuation coefficient does not exceed 1.6% of its intrinsic additional attenuation at 85 degrees Celsius and 85% humidity for 5 years. For the polarization-maintaining fiber with additional loss less than 0.05dB at the factory, the 5-year attenuation coefficient of the polarization-maintaining fiber increases by about 0.0008dB. Referring to Fig. 5, under the condition of temperature of 85 degrees and humidity of 85%, the fiber will decrease the birefringence by about 2.6% under the same external stress condition after 5 years, and will maintain balance.

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Abstract

一种细径保偏光纤，涉及特种光纤领域，包括石英光纤(5)，其外围设置有内涂层(6)和外涂层(8)，石英光纤(5)的内部设置有光纤芯层(1)和石英包层(2)，光纤芯层(1)和石英包层(2)之间设置有2个应力区(4)，内涂层(6)和外涂层(8)之间设置有缓冲涂层(7)，每个应力区(4)外围均设置有与应力区(4)同心的缓冲层(3)；细径保偏光纤的工作波长为1310nm时，其衰减达到0.5dB/km以下，串音达到－35dB/km；所述细径保偏光纤的工作波长为1550nm时，其衰减达到0.4dB/km以下，串音达到－30dB/km。该光纤不仅具有优良的衰减和串音稳定特性，而且具有优良的长期工作稳定特性，能够为高精度光纤陀螺的研制提供更好的光纤环，进而为光纤陀螺向小型化、高精度方向的发展奠定基础。

Description

一种细径保偏光纤 技术领域
本发明涉及特种光纤领域，具体涉及一种细径保偏光纤。
背景技术
PMF(Polarization Maintaining Optical Fiber，偏振保持光纤，简称保偏光纤)是一种在实现光的单模传输特性的同时保持其线偏振状态的特种光纤。由于PMF具有应力双折射效应，因此PMF能够在传输线偏振光时良好地保持偏振态。PMF的线偏振保持能力在许多与偏振相关的应用领域具有使用价值(例如多维复用相干通信、光纤陀螺技术、电流互感技术、光纤水听器和偏振传感等)。
PMF在光纤陀螺中使用时，将PMF绕制为光纤环进行应用。光纤环是光纤陀螺中的核心部件，光纤环的性能直接决定光纤陀螺的性能表现，光纤环中光纤的长度决定光纤陀螺的精度，光纤自身性能决定光纤环圈环境适应性的关键，进而决定了光纤陀螺的环境适应性表现。采用PMF的光纤陀螺与一般通信用光纤的使用环境和过程均不一样，采用PMF的光纤陀螺重点在于关注光纤的力学、光学偏振和环境适应性等性能指标(主要包括常温串音、全温串音、常温损耗、全温附加损耗变化、模场直径、拍长、张力筛选、包层直径、涂敷直径等)。
PMF的类别主要包括几何双折射保偏光纤和应力双折射保偏光纤。几何双折射保偏光纤主要为椭圆纤芯保偏光纤，几何双折射保偏光纤使用时，利用纤芯的几何不对称来实现双折射效应控制光的线偏 振态。应力双折射保偏光纤主要包括领结型保偏光纤、椭圆包层型保偏光纤和熊猫型保偏光纤；双折射保偏光纤使用时，通过在光纤的包层引入和包层材料膨胀系数相差巨大的材料形成应力区，通过应力来压缩纤芯传输的光的模场实现双折射效应，以保持光的线偏振特性。
自熊猫型保偏光纤成功推出以来，受到光纤陀螺的技术需求的推动，自熊猫型保偏光纤的包层直径/涂层直径的演变过程为：200μm/400μm、125μm/245μm、80μm/165μm。自熊猫型保偏光纤的包层直径在80μm时，其涂层直径最小达到165μm左右，与125μm/245μm的常规光纤相比，80μm/165μm的自熊猫型保偏光纤的涂层直径(165μm)减小了30％以上，体积减小了50％以上。
综上所述，将80μm/165μm的自熊猫型保偏光纤作为光纤陀螺的光纤环的外形尺寸较小，进而为光纤陀螺的应用带来了一系列好处，其中以对光纤环温度性能的改善效果最为显著。但是，随着光纤陀螺技术的进一步发展，以及智能电网用电流互感技术的应用发展要求，光纤环需要更好的温度性能和更小的尺寸。
面对这一新的要求，有必要研究出更小外形尺寸的保偏光纤；传统的减小保偏光纤外形尺寸的方法一般为单纯的直接降低光纤的直径。但是，因为光纤的直径越小、涂层越薄，进而导致光纤抗外界干扰能力下降的困扰，所以传统的减小保偏光纤外形尺寸的方法难以应用于精度需求较高的光纤陀螺。
因此，如何发展出即与常规通信光纤和保偏光纤具有良好熔接性能，还具有更细小的体积，同时还具有优良的几何与光学性能的保偏光纤成为诸多更高性能的光纤陀螺、互感器等应用技术急需解决的难题。
众所周知，当光纤环中某一段光纤存在时变温度扰动时，两束反 向传播光波在不同时间经过该光纤时，会因温度扰动而经历不同的相移，该相移为环境温度引起的非互易相移(即Shupe效应)。Shupe效应带来的光纤陀螺的测量误差称之为Shupe误差。
某段光纤上的温度变化率通常由环境温度引起的光纤环内侧、外侧的温度梯度造成，表征Shupe误差的温度速率灵敏度也称为温度梯度灵敏度。环境温度引起的光纤陀螺偏置漂移是由温度变化率引起的，由于这种Shupe误差与旋转引起的Sagnac效应相移难以区分，因此必须采取措施抑制光纤陀螺的温度漂移。
现在抑制光纤陀螺的温度漂移的方法一般为：通过四极法或八极法等对称绕制方法来绕制光纤环，通过使相邻两对对称的光纤层层序相反，以补偿径向温度场梯度。该方法对光纤陀螺中的Shupe误差起到了非常有效的抑制效果，但受工艺设备所限，光纤环绕制状态依然存在非理想性，在中高精度的光纤陀螺应用中，残余温度漂移仍是不可忽略的。
细径保偏光纤可以抑制光纤陀螺的温度漂移，细径保偏光纤包层直径为80μm或更小，涂层直径从90～140μm不等。与80/165μm(包层直径/涂层直径)的保偏光纤相比，细径保偏光纤的抗弯曲性能较好；同样长度的光纤可以绕制更小尺寸的环，同时光纤在陀螺结构上的层数也相应减少，光纤环内外侧的温度差降低，从而可以有效抑制光纤陀螺的Shupe误差，提高光纤陀螺的全温性能。与此同时，对于几何尺寸确定的光纤陀螺而言，使用细径保偏光纤可以绕制长度更长的光纤环，能大幅提高同等尺寸下光纤陀螺的极限精度，满足了中高精度光纤陀螺的小型化应用需求。
然而，随着光纤几何尺寸的不断缩小，如何在减小光纤包层直径和涂层直径的同时保持保偏光纤的优异性能成为光纤设计和制造过 程中的一大难题。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种细径保偏光纤，不仅具有优良的衰减和串音稳定特性，而且具有优良的长期工作稳定特性，能够为高精度光纤陀螺的研制提供更好的光纤环，进而为光纤陀螺向小型化、高精度方向的发展奠定基础。
为达到以上目的，本发明提供的：一种细径保偏光纤，包括石英光纤，石英光纤的外围设置有内涂层和外涂层，石英光纤的内部设置有光纤芯层和石英包层，石英包层位于光纤芯层的外围；光纤芯层和石英包层之间设置有2个应力区，2个应力区沿光纤芯层的中心对称分布；所述内涂层和外涂层之间设置有缓冲涂层，每个应力区外围均设置有与应力区同心的缓冲层；
所述光纤芯层的折射率为n光，所述缓冲层的折射率为n缓，所述石英包层的折射率为n石；所述应力区的折射率为n应，应力区外围的折射率为n应外，应力区中心的折射率为n应中；
n光与n石的相对折射率差△n光为0.5％～1.3％，n缓与n石的相对折射率差△n缓为-0.1％～-0.4％；n应外与n石的相对折射率差△n应外为-0.1％～-0.4％，n应中与n石的相对折射率差△n应中为-1.2％～-0.8％；
所述细径保偏光纤的工作波长为1310nm时，其衰减达到0.5dB/km以下，串音达到－35dB/km；所述细径保偏光纤的工作波长为1550nm时，其衰减达到0.4dB/km以下，串音达到－30dB/km。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述光纤芯层的直径为d光，所述缓冲层的直径为d缓，所述石英光纤的直径为d石，所述应力区的直径为d应；d光与d石的比值为0.05～0.08，d缓与d应的比值为1.0～ 1.2，d应与d石的比值为0.2～0.4。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述内涂层的直径为d内，所述缓冲涂层的直径为d缓涂，所述外涂层的直径为d外，d内与d外的比值为0.65～0.85，d缓涂与d外的比值为0.75～0.9。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述石英光纤的直径d石为50um或80um，所述d外为90um～140um。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述内涂层的杨氏模量为0.05Mpa～20Mpa，所述外涂层的杨氏模量为0.5Gpa～1.5Gpa；所述缓冲涂层的杨氏模量为0.1Mpa～600MPa、且缓冲涂层的杨氏模量在内涂层和外涂层之间。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述内涂层、缓冲涂层和外涂层制作时，所述内涂层采用单模具涂覆、并经紫外线固化后，再经双模具同时涂覆缓冲涂层和外涂层，最后将缓冲涂层和外涂层同时通过紫外线固化。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述相对折射率差的计算公式为：Δ＝(n折-n石)/(n折+n石)·100％，其中Δ为相对折射率差；当计算光纤芯层与石英包层相对折射率差时，上述公式中n折为n光；当计算缓冲层与石英包层的相对折射率差时，上述公式中n折为n缓；当计算应力区外围与石英包层的相对折射率差时，上述公式中n折为n应外；当计算应力区中心与石英包层的相对折射率差时，上述公式中n折为n应中。
在上述技术方案的基础上，所述光纤芯层采用掺锗的方式制成，所述缓冲层采用浅掺硼的方式制成，所述应力区采用深掺硼的方式制成。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
(1)本发明设计了一种新的保偏光纤的波导结构，保偏光纤的应力区周围设置有一层缓冲层，应力区采用平滑抛物线型波导结构，芯区为抛物线结合平台型的波导结构。因此，本发明能够在光纤包层直径减小的情况下，解决由于应力区占整个石英区的比例偏大时造成的衰减偏大问题。
与此同时，本发明在常规的内涂层和外涂层之间设计有一层很薄的缓冲涂层，从而能够有效解决薄涂层情况下，由于涂层变薄造成的保偏光纤的串音难以优良控制的问题。
综上所述，本发明通过缓冲层和缓冲涂层的双重缓冲设计，为保偏光纤的直径的进一步变细提供基础，本发明中具有双重缓冲设计的细径保偏光纤不仅具有优良的衰减和串音稳定特性，而且具有优良的长期工作稳定特性，能够为高精度光纤陀螺的研制提供更好的光纤环，进而为光纤陀螺向小型化、高精度方向的发展奠定基础。
(2)本发明为良好的实现内涂层、缓冲涂层和外涂层(可形象的理解为三明治式涂层)，开发出干+湿+湿的全新涂覆技术，即内涂层为单模具涂覆，缓冲涂层和外涂层则采用双模具同时涂覆，从而在光纤具有三层涂层结构的情况下，仍可使用两道涂覆固化技术即可实现光纤的良好固化，对于具有优良衰减和串音特性的保偏光纤的研制提供了可行的技术方案。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中细径保偏光纤石英端面的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例中细径保偏光纤涂层端面的结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例中细径保偏光纤有应力区部分的波导结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例中细径保偏光纤在长期老化条件下的光纤 衰减的稳定特性曲线的走势图；
图5为本发明实施例中细径保偏光纤在长期老化条件下的光纤串音的稳定特性曲线的走势图。
图中：1-光纤芯层，2-石英包层，3-缓冲层，4-应力区，5-石英光纤，6-内涂层，7-缓冲涂层，8-外涂层。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
参见图1、图2所示，本发明实施例中的细径保偏光纤包括石英光纤5，石英光纤5的内部设置有光纤芯层1和石英包层2，石英包层2位于光纤芯层1的外围。光纤芯层1和石英包层2之间设置有2个应力区4，2个应力区4沿光纤芯层1的中心对称分布，每个应力区4外围均设置有1层与应力区4同心的缓冲层3。石英光纤5的外围设置有内涂层6和外涂层8，内涂层6和外涂层8之间设置有缓冲涂层7。
光纤芯层1的折射率为n光，缓冲层3的折射率为n缓，石英包层2的折射率为n石；应力区4的折射率为n应，应力区4外围的折射率为n应外，应力区4中心的折射率为n应中。
本发明实施例中的细径保偏光纤的相对折射率差的计算公式为：Δ＝(n折-n石)/(n折+n石)·100％，其中Δ为相对折射率差；当计算光纤芯层1与石英包层2相对折射率差时，上述公式中n折为n光；当计算缓冲层3与石英包层2的相对折射率差时，上述公式中n折为n缓；当计算应力区4外围与石英包层2的相对折射率差时，上述公式中n折为n应外；当计算应力区4中心与石英包层2的相对折射率差时，上述公式中n折为n应中。
参见图3所示，光纤芯层1的波导结构为阶跃式波导结构，光纤 芯层1采用掺锗的方式制成，n光与n石的相对折射率差△n光为0.5％～1.3％。缓冲层3采用浅掺硼的方式制成，n缓与n石的相对折射率差△n缓为-0.1％～-0.4％。应力区4采用深掺硼的方式制成，n应外与n石的相对折射率差△n应外为-0.1％～-0.4％，n应中与n石的相对折射率差△n应中为-1.2％～-0.8％。
光纤芯层1的直径为d光，缓冲层3的直径为d缓，石英光纤5(即石英包层2)的直径为d石，应力区4的直径为d应；d光与d石的比值为0.05～0.08，d缓与d应的比值为1.0～1.2，d应与d石的比值为0.2～0.4。
本发明实施例中石英光纤5的直径d石为50um或80um，内涂层6的直径为d内，缓冲涂层7的直径为d缓涂，外涂层8的直径d外为90um～140um。d内与d外的比值为0.65～0.85，d缓涂与d外的比值为0.75～0.9。
缓冲涂层7的杨氏模量在内涂层6和外涂层8之间，内涂层6的杨氏模量为0.05Mpa～20Mpa，外涂层8的杨氏模量为0.5Gpa～1.5Gpa，缓冲涂层7的杨氏模量为0.1Mpa～600MPa。
内涂层6、缓冲涂层7和外涂层8均采用紫外线固化而成，具体为：内涂层6采用单模具涂覆、并经紫外线固化后，再经双模具同时涂覆缓冲涂层7和外涂层8，最后将缓冲涂层7和外涂层8同时通过紫外线固化，从而实现特殊的干+湿+湿涂覆固化。
本发明实施例中的细径保偏光纤的工作波长为1310nm时，其衰减达到0.5dB/km以下，串音达到－35dB/km；细径保偏光纤的工作波长为1550nm时，其衰减达到0.4dB/km以下，串音达到－30dB/km。
本发明实施例中的细径保偏光纤的制作原理如下：
△n光较大时，模场直径可控制小一些，保偏光纤的抗弯曲能力 较强，△n光较小时，保偏光纤的衰减会更好一些，同时模场直径会变大，保偏光纤的抗弯曲能力较弱。
n缓、n光和n应中相匹配，当n光较高、且n应中较大时，n缓的取值可偏大，此时只需对保偏光纤较低的缓冲能力；当n光较高较低、且而n4的最低值较小时，n3的取值可偏小，此时需对保偏光纤提供较高的缓冲能力。
△n应外和△n应中能够控制折射率范围，进而实现在细径保偏光纤条件下良好的串音与拍长性能的控制。
本发明特定的直径比值能够实现保偏光纤的良好的模场直径、截止波长以及光纤的串音与拍长等性能控制。
下面通过2个实施例具体说明本发明的细径保偏光纤。
实施例1：石英光纤5的直径d石为80um时的4种细径保偏光纤：光纤1、光纤2、光纤3和光纤4，光纤1、光纤2、光纤3和光纤4的具体参数见表1。
表1、d石为80um时的4种细径保偏光纤的参数表
参数名称 光纤1 光纤2 光纤3 光纤4
d光/d石 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
△n光 1.2％ 0.8％ 1.3％ 0.50％
d缓/d应 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.05
△n缓 -0.3％ -0.85％ -0.4％ -0.1％
d应/d石 0.2 0.35 0.4 0.25
△n应中 -0.9％ -1.05％ -1.2％ -0.8％
△n应外 -0.3％ -0.85％ -0.4％ -0.1％
d外(um) 120 135 140 125
d内/d外 0.65 0.85 0.75 0.7
d缓涂/d外 0.75 0.8 0.9 0.85
内涂层6杨氏模量(Mpa) 0.05 0.1 0.5 20
缓冲涂层7杨氏模量(Mpa) 250 0.1 10 600
外涂层8杨氏模量(Gpa) 1.5 0.8 0.5 1.0
工作波长 1310 1310 1550 1550
衰减dB/km 0.43 0.32 0.28 0.35
串音dB/km －32 －35 －30 －27
实施例2：石英光纤5的直径d石为50um时的4种细径保偏光纤：光纤5、光纤6、光纤7和光纤8，光纤5、光纤6、光纤7和光纤8具体参数见表2。
表2、d石为50um时的4种细径保偏光纤的参数表
参数名称 光纤5 光纤6 光纤7 光纤8
d光/d石 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.08
△n光 1.3％ 0.5％ 0.8％ 1.2
d缓/d应 1.1 1.0 1.05 1.2
△n缓 -0.3％ -0.85％ -0.4％ -0.1％
d应/d石 0.25 0.4 0.35 0.2
△n应中 -0.8％ -1.05％ -1.2％ -0.9％
△n应外 -0.1％ -0.85％ -0.4％ -0.3％
d外(um) 90 105 135 110
d内/d外 0.65 0.75 0.8 0.7
d缓涂/d外 0.75 0.9 0.8 0.85
内涂层6杨氏模量(Mpa) 20 0.5 0.2 0.05
缓冲涂层7杨氏模量(Mpa) 250 10 0.2 600
外涂层8杨氏模量(Gpa) 1 0.8 0.5 1.5
工作波长 1310 1310 1550 1550
衰减dB/km 0.46 0.42 0.36 0.39
串音dB/km －39 －35 －30 －25
本发明对实施例1和2得到的光纤进行85度高温和85％湿度的长期老化试验。通过近1个月的多个样品的重复试验，经过大量数据分析，得出光纤在工作5年条件下的光纤衰减和串音的稳定工作特性的理论值。参见图4所示，光纤5年内在温度85度和湿度85％的条件下，衰减系数增加量不会超过其本征附加衰减的1.6％。对于出厂时附加损耗小于0.05dB的保偏光纤来说，保偏光纤5年衰减系数增加量在0.0008dB左右。参见图5所示，光纤在温度85度和湿度85％的条件下，历经5年后会比出厂前在同等外界应力条件下双折射下降2.6％左右，并将保持平衡。
本发明不局限于上述实施方式，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰， 这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围之内。本说明书中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种细径保偏光纤，包括石英光纤(5)，石英光纤(5)的外围设置有内涂层(6)和外涂层(8)，石英光纤(5)的内部设置有光纤芯层(1)和石英包层(2)，石英包层(2)位于光纤芯层(1)的外围；光纤芯层(1)和石英包层(2)之间设置有2个应力区(4)，2个应力区(4)沿光纤芯层(1)的中心对称分布；其特征在于：所述内涂层(6)和外涂层(8)之间设置有缓冲涂层(7)，每个应力区(4)外围均设置有与应力区(4)同心的缓冲层(3)；
    所述光纤芯层(1)的折射率为n光，所述缓冲层(3)的折射率为n缓，所述石英包层(2)的折射率为n石；所述应力区(4)的折射率为n应，应力区(4)外围的折射率为n应外，应力区(4)中心的折射率为n应中；
    n光与n石的相对折射率差△n光为0.5％～1.3％，n缓与n石的相对折射率差△n缓为-0.1％～-0.4％；n应外与n石的相对折射率差△n应外为-0.1％～-0.4％，n应中与n石的相对折射率差△n应中为-1.2％～-0.8％；
    所述细径保偏光纤的工作波长为1310nm时，其衰减达到0.5dB/km以下，串音达到－35dB/km；所述细径保偏光纤的工作波长为1550nm时，其衰减达到0.4dB/km以下，串音达到－30dB/km。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的细径保偏光纤，其特征在于：所述光纤芯层(1)的直径为d光，所述缓冲层(3)的直径为d缓，所述石英光纤(5)的直径为d石，所述应力区(4)的直径为d应；d光与d石的比值为0.05～0.08，d缓与d应的比值为1.0～1.2，d应与d石的比值为0.2～0.4。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的细径保偏光纤，其特征在于：所述内涂层(6)的直径为d内，所述缓冲涂层(7)的直径为d缓涂，所述外涂 层(8)的直径为d外，d内与d外的比值为0.65～0.85，d缓涂与d外的比值为0.75～0.9。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的细径保偏光纤，其特征在于：所述石英光纤(5)的直径d石为50um或80um，所述d外为90um～140um。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的细径保偏光纤，其特征在于：所述内涂层(6)的杨氏模量为0.05Mpa～20Mpa，所述外涂层(8)的杨氏模量为0.5Gpa～1.5Gpa；所述缓冲涂层(7)的杨氏模量为0.1Mpa～600MPa、且缓冲涂层(7)的杨氏模量在内涂层(6)和外涂层(8)之间。
  6. 如权利要求1至5任一项所述的细径保偏光纤，其特征在于：所述内涂层(6)、缓冲涂层(7)和外涂层(8)制作时，所述内涂层(6)采用单模具涂覆、并经紫外线固化后，再经双模具同时涂覆缓冲涂层(7)和外涂层(8)，最后将缓冲涂层(7)和外涂层(8)同时通过紫外线固化。
  7. 如权利要求1至5任一项所述的细径保偏光纤，其特征在于：所述相对折射率差的计算公式为：Δ＝(n折-n石)/(n折+n石)·100％，其中Δ为相对折射率差；当计算光纤芯层(1)与石英包层(2)相对折射率差时，上述公式中n折为n光；当计算缓冲层(3)与石英包层(2)的相对折射率差时，上述公式中n折为n缓；当计算应力区(4)外围与石英包层(2)的相对折射率差时，上述公式中n折为n应外；当计算应力区(4)中心与石英包层(2)的相对折射率差时，上述公式中n折为n应中。
  8. 如权利要求1至5任一项所述的细径保偏光纤，其特征在于：所述光纤芯层(1)采用掺锗的方式制成，所述缓冲层(3)采用浅掺硼的方式制成，所述应力区(4)采用深掺硼的方式制成。
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