WO2016144181A1 - Plate-forme auto-élévatrice, pied pour une plate-forme auto-élévatrice, procédé d'installation de plate-forme auto-élévatrice - Google Patents

Plate-forme auto-élévatrice, pied pour une plate-forme auto-élévatrice, procédé d'installation de plate-forme auto-élévatrice Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016144181A1
WO2016144181A1 PCT/NL2016/050181 NL2016050181W WO2016144181A1 WO 2016144181 A1 WO2016144181 A1 WO 2016144181A1 NL 2016050181 W NL2016050181 W NL 2016050181W WO 2016144181 A1 WO2016144181 A1 WO 2016144181A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tank
jack
leg
equalizing
bottom plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/NL2016/050181
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Rutger Cornelis BAAN
Justinus Willem Frans Adriaan JANSSEN
Josephus Leonardus Aloysius Maria VAN DER HOORN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GustoMSC BV
Original Assignee
GustoMSC Resources BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from NL2015623A external-priority patent/NL2015623B1/en
Application filed by GustoMSC Resources BV filed Critical GustoMSC Resources BV
Publication of WO2016144181A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016144181A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/021—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto with relative movement between supporting construction and platform
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/24—Anchors
    • B63B21/26—Anchors securing to bed
    • B63B21/27—Anchors securing to bed by suction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/006—Platforms with supporting legs with lattice style supporting legs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/0073—Details of sea bottom engaging footing
    • E02B2017/0078—Suction piles, suction cans
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/0073—Details of sea bottom engaging footing
    • E02B2017/0082—Spudcans, skirts or extended feet

Definitions

  • Jack-up platform Leg for a jack-up platform; method for installing a jack-up platform
  • the invention relates to jack-up platforms comprising a hull least one leg adjustable with respect to the hull.
  • Jack-up platforms such as jack-up rigs and self elevating vessels, are widely known and typically used offshore for installation and/or
  • the jack-up platform is temporarily installed at a certain offshore location and can be displaced between subsequent offshore locations.
  • the jack-up platform comprises a hull and at least one adjustable leg.
  • a jack-up platform can comprise three, four or even six legs.
  • the legs are adjustable between a floating condition and an elevated condition. In the floating condition, the legs are fully retracted and the hull is floating, the legs extend substantially above the hull. In the elevated condition, the legs are lowered with a lower end of the legs on or in the seabed, the legs are substantially below the hull and the hull is elevated with respect to the water surface. In an intermediate condition, the installation condition, the legs are lowered to engage the seabed, while the hull is still on the water surface. After preloading the hull is being raised above the water surface until the elevated condition is reached.
  • jack-ups that have their legs fully retracted, may in some cases not fulfil the criterion that the vertical center of gravity is below the allowable vertical center of gravity (VCG ⁇ AVCG). This means that either the amount of variable load carried should be reduced which gives lesser draft and thus an increased allowable vertical center of gravity (AVCG), or the legs have to be lowered over some distance which results in a lower vertical center of gravity (VCG). Both measures are undesirable from an operational point of view.
  • the legs When the jack-up platform is at the required location, the legs will be lowered with respect to the hull to place the lower ends of the legs on or in the seabed. Typically, the legs are at their lower end provided with . a supporting device, such as a spud can or footing which typically is a foundation designed to spread the leg load to the seabed.. Such a supporting device may penetrate the seabed. During lowering, the motions of the platform due to environmental conditions can cause the legs to move at considerable speed, depending on the length of the leg. This can result in considerable impact as the leg strikes the ocean floor.
  • a supporting device such as a spud can or footing which typically is a foundation designed to spread the leg load to the seabed.. Such a supporting device may penetrate the seabed.
  • jack-up platforms In the elevated condition, jack-up platforms have to withstand severe storm conditions, resisting the combined action of waves, current and wind. Under the influence of these loads, amplified by the jack-up's dynamic response, the jack-up legs may exert high loads on the seabed. These loads can be significantly greater than the static loads exerted by the legs on the seabed. To ascertain that the seabed will not be overloaded in this storm condition, jack-up rigs are preloaded during installation. In the preload condition, the load in the legs is significantly increased above the static leg load. This can be done by temporarily taking in large quantities of water ballast. Alternatively, for jack-ups with more than three legs, the load on one diagonal pair of legs can be significantly increased by slightly lifting the other diagonal pair of legs. The amount of generated preload may however not be sufficient to create sufficient margin between static leg loads and leg loads during severe storm, in which case the jack-up would not be allowed to install at the determined site.
  • the present invention is intended to resolve at least one of the abovementioned drawbacks, preferably by a single device which can be adjusted to the condition, floating or elevated, of the jack-up platform.
  • the invention relates to a jack-up leg and a jack-up platform
  • the jack-up leg comprises a lower end provided with a supporting device and a leg jacking part arranged to cooperate with a hull jacking part, wherein the lower end of the leg further is provided with an equalizing pressure tank, wherein the tank comprises a top plate and a bottom plate and the tank is provided with at least one air line for allowing air in and/or out of the tank arranged near the top plate and with at least one equalizing line for allowing water in and/or out of the tank of which a first end is arranged near the bottom plate.
  • a jack-up platform comprising a hull and at least one jack- up leg comprises a jacking device for moving the jack-up leg up- and/or downwards along the hull.
  • the jacking device comprise a leg jacking part on the jack-up leg and a hull jacking part on the hull, wherein the leg jacking part and the hull jacking part cooperate for moving the leg along the hull.
  • the leg jacking part can be embodied as a rack on a chord or as a series of holes on a rail or as an other embodiment.
  • the hull jacking part cooperates with the leg jacking part and can comprise a driven gear cooperating with a rack or as a driven pin cooperating with the holes. Jacking devices are well known and are not elaborated further.
  • the leg jacking part typically extends over the length of the leg, while the hull jacking part typically is provided on the hull.
  • the bottom plate of the tank is located at a distance above a top side of the supporting device.
  • loading conditions on the leg can be adjusted and as such, the margin for dynamic loading on the leg, e.g. during severe storm conditions, can be increased.
  • the air line provides for allowing air in and/or out of the tank, which both allows for a venting mode as for a pressurizing mode in which compressed air is supplied through the air line.
  • soil disturbance can be reduced due to the possibility of soil back flow in the gap between the tank and the supporting device. Reducing soil disturbance can be important in particular with soft soil and may allow the jack-up platform to be positioned more near to an existing offshore structure, thereby the working radius of the jack-up platform may be increased.
  • the supporting device can be accessible when the leg is retracted and the jack-up platform is in floating condition, which may be beneficial for inspection, maintenance and/repair.
  • the tank may fulfil different functions in the different loading conditions of the jack-up platform.
  • the tank can be partly or fully filled with water and/or air. Via the air line compressed air can be
  • the air line can also be used for venting the tank. Due to the equalizer line, having a first end arranged near the bottom plate, the pressure at the bottom of the tank inside the tank is about the same as the pressure at the bottom of the tank outside the tank, i.e. the pressure is equalized as the air pushes the water out, or when the tank is filled with water.
  • the equalizer line can be provided as an equahzing pipe having a first end near the bottom plate inside the tank and having outlet second end above the top plate outside the tank or the equalizing line can be arranged as a valve in the bottom plate of the tank wherein then the valve opening may be considered as the first end.
  • the outlet of the equahzing pipe remains above the soil level in case the lower end of the leg is embedded in the sea bed.
  • the pressure at the bottom of the tank can be 'equalized'.
  • the equalizing line is embodied as a bottom valve, there may or may not be a second end.
  • a valve opening can be considered the first end of the equalizing line.
  • the tank may also be provided with a drain valve in the bottom plate of the tank, such that, when the leg is retracted, the water can flow out of the tank without requiring pumping.
  • the equalizing bottom valve and the drain valve may be a single valve in the bottom plate of the tank.
  • each of the compartments or segments can have its own at least one air line and at least one equalizer line.
  • the multiple compartments or segments can be in fluid communication with each other and the tank may be provided with the at least one air line and at least one equalizer line.
  • the number and/or arrangements of compartments and/or segments in the tank can vary.
  • the survivability of the jack-up platform may be increased due to an increase of the dynamic load capacity of the jack-up leg.
  • the equalizing pressure tank can be filled with water for preloading of the leg.
  • the static load on the seabed may be reduced by filling the equalizing pressure tank with air, creating more margin for dynamic leg loads.
  • the outlet of the equalizing line may remain open in this elevated condition of the jack-up platform, while the tank is being filled with air. The air then pushes or has pushed the water out through the equalizing line.
  • severe environmental conditions e.g.
  • the static load on the seabed may be temporarily reduced by filling the equalizing pressure tank with air and thus more margin for dynamic leg loads can be created.
  • compressed air can be supplied via the air line to expel the water out of the tank via the equalizing line.
  • the tank can be fitted inside the chords and bracings of the jack-up leg.
  • the tank can also be integrated as a structural part of the leg, e.g.
  • bracings instead of bracings can be provided at the tank location.
  • the tank may extend outside of the circumference of the leg structure or may have compartments outside of the chords and bracings.
  • the jack-up leg is provided at a lower end thereof with a tank having at least one compartment, wherein the tank is arranged to be filled with water and/or compressed air.
  • a tank having at least one compartment, wherein the tank is arranged to be filled with water and/or compressed air.
  • an air line and an equalizer line which may be embodied as one or more valves, may be provided on the tank.
  • the filled condition of the tank depends on the loading condition of the jack-up platform.
  • the invention also relates to a jack-up leg for engagement with a jack-up platform wherein the jack-up leg at its lower end is provided with at least one tank that is arranged for filling with water and/or compressed air depending on the loading condition of the jack-up platform.
  • the invention also relates to a method to adjust the load on the jack- up leg.
  • the invention relates to a tank arranged to be mounted to a leg of jack-up platform.
  • the invention also relates to a method of installing a jack-up platform comprising such a leg with a compartment.
  • An embodiment of the invention of the equalizing pressure tank is the Equalized Pressure Compartment (EPC), consisting of one or multiple compartments fitted in the lower part of the jack-up legs, which has an air line and an equalizer line, which can be embodied as a valve connection at its top and its bottom respectively, enabling the tank to fulfil different functions in the different loading conditions of the jack-up:
  • EPC Equalized Pressure Compartment
  • the tank is acting as a stability tank of the jack- up, providing significant reserve buoyancy when at larger heeling angles of the jack-up. This additional reserve buoyancy is a large contributor to the stability in the floating condition.
  • the equalizing line bottom-valve of the compartment is kept closed, while the air line valve at the top is open, to act as a vent line.
  • the tank internal is almost or completely empty (fully drained).
  • Preload condition the equalizing bottom valve of the compartment is opened, right before the start of leg lowering for installation of the jack-up at the site.
  • the tank is thus gradually flooded with seawater, while getting more and more submerged through the leg-lowering operation.
  • the air in the tank is being pushed out of the open air line top-valve, by the water entering through the equalizing bottom -valve.
  • the tank is kept freely flooded with seawater during the preload condition, to maximize the leg loads that are exerted on the seabed during preloading.
  • Elevated condition the air line top-valve of the compartment is closed right after finishing of the preloading, e.g. by ROV or remote.
  • the equalizing bottom -valve remains open to the sea.
  • the tank is now being filled with compressed air, which is provided by the rig's air systems.
  • the sea water is being pushed out through the open equalizing bottom-valve, until the tank is almost fully filled with compressed air.
  • the static load on the seabed is thus significantly reduced, creating more margin for dynamic leg loads during e.g. storm condition, before the allowable leg load is reached, wherein the allowable leg load is directly dependent on the generated preload.
  • the tank is in open connection to the sea at its bottom, which means that the pressure at the bottom of the tank is at any moment equalized with the pressure of the surrounding sea water.
  • the pressure difference is limited to a water column equal to the height of the tank: this is caused by the difference in specific gravity of the air inside the tank and the specific gravity of the water surrounding the tank. Due to this limited pressure difference, the compartment can be fabricated as a stiffened flat plated tank, as is customary in normal shipbuilding practice.
  • This flat plated tank can be an integral part of the leg structure, thus taking part in the transfer of the global loads V, H, M in the leg, or it can be a separate tank connected to the leg structure, thus only transferring the buoyancy forces of the tank to the leg. Both alternatives are understood to fall within the scope of the present invention as defined by the claims.
  • the tank can be a multiple segmented tank, e.g. for reasons of redundancy. This provides a subdivision whereby loss of buoyancy is mitigated, in case one of the segmented compartments would fail to perform its function.
  • Each of the segments will be outfitted with its own top and bottom valve. The number of segments can vary, and is not essential to the invention.
  • the bottom-plating of the tank is positioned at some distance above the top-plating of the supporting device e.g. spudcan, in order to:
  • the jack-up legs may be fully retracted in the floating condition.
  • the tank can be above the water level, and is acting as a stability tank: providing reserve buoyancy at heeling angles of the jack-up.
  • the legs may be however be lowered over some distance, such that the tank is fully or partially in the water, for special floating conditions like "ocean tow" or transit. In this way the vertical center of gravity is decreased, which may be necessary due to the more stringent stability criteria for such "ocean tow” condition.
  • the effect will be that the tank can be partly immersed. It will thus provide buoyancy to the jack-up platform in the even keel condition. This will reduce the draft of the jack-up platform, and thereby increase the allowable vertical center of gravity.
  • the stability function of the tank is thus still the same, regardless of any amount of partial immersion.
  • the at least one tank provided on the jack-up leg may provide for additional dampening and/or may reduce the relative motions of the jack-up platform.
  • the position of the tank on the lower end of the leg may result in a dampening effect on roll and/or pitch during installation, due to the added mass or inertia and/or increased drag. This may reduce the impact forces when the leg end touches the seabed.
  • the position of the tank on the lower leg end may reduce horizontal loads on the tank and thus on the jack-up leg when the jack-up leg is in elevated condition and the tank is then near the sea bottom, since waves and other environmental motion have less influence at larger depth.
  • the height of the tank can be optimized with respect to the volume required.
  • the at least one compartment at the lower end of the leg may provide a barrier against infill of the lower leg end, e.g. due to sand or mud or other substances.
  • Figure la shows an embodiment of the equalizing pressure tank at a jack-up leg in floating condition with the jack-up leg fully retracted with an equalizer pipe as equalizing line;
  • Figure lb shows an alternative embodiment of the equalizing pressure tank at a jack-up leg in floating condition with the jack-up leg fully retracted; with a bottom valve as equalizing line;
  • Figure 2 shows the embodiment of figure la/ lb with the jack-up leg in floating condition and somewhat lowered
  • Figure 3 shows the embodiment of figure la/ lb with the jack-up leg in elevated condition, with a non-penetrated supporting device
  • Figure 4 shows the embodiment of figure la/lb with the jack-up leg in elevated condition with a penetrated supporting device allowing back- fill of soil over the penetrated supporting device;
  • Figure 5 shows a further embodiment of the equalizing pressure tank
  • Figure 6 shows a sequence of installation and departure
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic cross-section showing a multi- segmented tank
  • FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of discrete level control in the tank. It is noted that the figures are only schematic representations of
  • Figure la shows a schematic representation of a jack-up leg 1, in particular of the lower end 2 thereof. Further, schematically, the hull 3 of the jack-up platform 4 and the hull jacking part 5 are represented.
  • a jack-up platform 4 comprises a hull 3 and at least one jack-up leg 1.
  • the jack-up leg 1 is provided with a leg jacking part 6, e.g. one or more racks along achord of the leg 1.
  • the leg jacking part 6 and the hull jacking part 5 cooperate in a known manner as a jacking device and will not be further explained.
  • the hull 3 and jack-up leg 1 are in figure la shown in the floating condition, i.e. the hull 3 is floating in the water up to the water surface W, and the jack-up leg 1 is almost fully retracted.
  • the leg 1 is here a truss-type leg having chords and braces.
  • a cylindrical leg may be provided.
  • the leg 1 can be of a triangular or a square cross-section.
  • a jack-up platform can have three, four or sometimes more legs.
  • the lower end 2 of the leg 1 is provided with a supporting device 7, typically a spud can.
  • Spud cans are well known supporting devices for jack- up platforms and will not be elaborated here. It is understood that instead of a spud can, also other supporting devices or even anchoring devices may be used.
  • an equahzing pressure tank 9 is provided at the lower end 2, at a distance d above a top side 8 of the spud can 7, an equahzing pressure tank 9 is provided.
  • the equahzing pressure tank 9 is here schematically represented but can be embodied as a separate structure which can be fitted to the lower leg end 2, or as an integral structure to the leg 1. Many variants are possible.
  • the equalizing pressure tank 9 has an air line 10 and an equalizing line 11.
  • the air line 10 is here provided at a top plate 12 of the tank 9, and can be provided with a valve 13 which can be connected with a compressed air supply 14.
  • the compressed air supply 14 is connected to the pressurized air circuit of the jack-up platform 4.
  • Valve 13 can also be situated at an upper part of the leg which remains above water in elevated condition.
  • the tank 9 When a bottom valve or drain valve 1 lb is provided as equalizing hne 11, as in figure lb, the tank 9 is fully self-draining when in the floating condition as the bottom plate 16 is above the water level W and the drain valve would be above the water level as well. Self-draining of the tank 9 is advantageous as the tank 9 can be emptied without requiring actively pumping.
  • the distance d depends on various parameters, such as the height of the hull to have the bottom plate above the water level when the leg is fully elevated, such as the soil quality for determining allowable soil back flow, such as structural requirements of the lower leg end with the tank provided, etc.
  • both an equahzing pipe 11a and a drain valve l ib may be provided.
  • two equahzing pipes 11a may be provided for redundancy in case one of the equalizing pipes may fail.
  • figure 5 shows such an alternative embodiment with two equalizing pipes 11a, a drain valve l ib and an air hne 10.
  • the valve 13 of the air line 10 is above the water level W.
  • Many variants on the configuration are possible.
  • the equalizing pressure tank 9 is provided with an
  • equalizing line 11 which is in figure la embodied as an equalizing pipe 11a having a first end 15 near a bottom plate 16 inside of the tank 9 and having a second end 17 outside and above the top plate 12 of the tank 9.
  • a valve 1 lb can be provided in the bottom plate 16 of the tank 9, as shown in figure lb. Such a valve l ib can then function as a drain valve and/or as an equalizing valve.
  • the first end 15 of the equalizing pipe 11a is here located at a distance h above the bottom plate 16 of the tank 9. This distance h may determine the minimum amount of water in the tank, in the absence of a drain valve, and thus may determine the static load on the leg.
  • the tank 9 is functioning as a buoyancy tank filled with air.
  • the tank 9 In the floating condition as shown in figure la, the tank 9 is entirely above the water level W and is fully drained, i.e. filled with air.
  • the tank 9 is now acting as a stability tank of the jack-up platform 4, providing reserve buoyancy at larger heeling angles of the jack- up platform 4 during floating. This additional reserve buoyancy can be a large contributor to the stability of the jack-up platform 4 in the floating condition.
  • the bottom-valve or drain valve of the tank 9 is kept closed.
  • the equalizer line 11 is open and can be used to vent the tank 9.
  • the air line top valve 13 is closed and a pressure sensor can be used to monitor air pressure changes in the tank 9, with an unpredicted change indicating a failure of the tank 9.
  • the legs may also be lowered over some distance, for special floating conditions like "ocean tow" or transit.
  • This is shown in figure 2, wherein the spud can 7 is now immersed in the water. In this way the vertical center of gravity is decreased, which may be required in view of more stringent stability criteria for such an "ocean tow” condition.
  • the tank 9 is here partly immersed and may thus provide buoyancy to the jack-up platform 4 in this floating condition. This may reduce the draft of the jack-up platform 4, and thereby increasing the allowable vertical center of gravity (AVCG).
  • the stability function of the tank 9 is therefore similar for the condition of figure la or for the condition of figure 2, regardless of any amount of partial immersion.
  • the second top end 17 of the equalizer pipe 11 still is above the water line W, in order to vent the tank 9, in intact as well as damaged condition of the huU.
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of the lower end 2 of the jack-up leg 1 in the elevated condition, the spud can 7 is, at least partly, penetrating the sea bottom S and the hull of the jack-up platform is on or above the water level and thus not visible in this figure 3.
  • the tank 9 Due to the first end of the equalizing line 11 being near the bottom of the tank 9, when the tank 9 is filled with air, the pressure difference over the height H of the tank 9 is limited to a water column equal to the height H of the tank 9. This is caused by the difference in specific gravity of the air inside the tank 9 and the specific gravity of the water surrounding the tank 9. Due to this limited pressure difference, the tank 9 can be fabricated as a stiffened flat plated tank 9, as is customary in normal shipbuilding practice.
  • Figure 4 shows schematically the lower end 2 of the jack-up leg 1 in the elevated condition of the jack-up platform 4 with the spud can 7 now fully penetrated in the soil of the sea bottom S. Also, the tank 9 is partly below the sea bed level. Due to the gap provided by the distance d between the bottom plate 16 of the tank 9 and the top side 8 of the spud can 7, back flow of soil can be allowed in the gap. This can be advantageous, in
  • the tank 9 Due to the presence of the tank at the lower end 2 of the jack-up leg 1, infill in the lower end of the leg may be reduced, which may facilitate removal of the leg 1 out of the soil S when the jack-up platform 4 is departing.
  • some or all of the side plating of the tank 9 may be connected to or extended to the spud can to at least partly shield the gap between the tank 9 and the spud can 7 from soil infill thus further reducing the static load of the jack-up leg on the seabed, while the bottom plate remains at a distance d from the top side of the spud can. With the bottom plate of the tank still spaced from the spudcan, the tank may still be selfdraining when the jack up platform is in floating condition, for example by providing sufficient outlets through the side plating.
  • Figure 6 shows a typical floating, installation and departure cycle of the equalizing pressure tank 9. This is a typical cycle, so other phases or modes can of course be possible.
  • Figure 6 shows schematically the
  • equalizing pressure tank 9 with two equalizing pipes 11a, a drain valve l ib and an air line 10.
  • the leg structure, hull structure and supporting structure have been omitted here.
  • phase 1 the equalizing pressure tank 9 is in floating condition, partially immersed in water, which is a similar condition as described in figure 2.
  • the drain valve l ib is closed and the tank 9 is filled with air acting as a buoyancy tank.
  • the legs are being lowered.
  • the drain valve l ib remains closed, and during leg lowering water can enter the tank 9 via the equalizing pipes 11a.
  • the tank 9 may now add to stability during lowering and may reduce impact of the leg when hitting the sea bottom.
  • the leg When installed, the leg is being preloaded, phase 3. To that end, the tank is preferably fully filled with water as to increase the static load on the leg.
  • the tank 9 can be partially penetrating the sea bed.
  • water is being pushed out of the tank through the equalizer pipes 11a by compressed air entering the tank via the air line 10.
  • the static load of the leg is maximally reduced to increase the dynamic load margin of the leg. This way, the jack-up platform may remain on site in harsh condition where it otherwise would have had to sail off. This may significantly increase the operational window of the jack-up platform and reduce operational costs.
  • the jack-up platform In phase 5 the jack-up platform is in elevated condition.
  • the water level in the tank may vary due to wave action and the open connection with the surrounding water via the equalizer lines.
  • phase 6 the tank can be fully or partially emptied to reduce the loads on the spud can and to retract more easily from the soil. Air present in the tank may expand during lifting of the leg. During lifting of the leg, the tank may be refilled with water via the equalizer pipes 11a. Once the tank is above the water level, phase 7, the tank can be drained via the bottom valve 1 lb to empty. During installation of the jack-up platform 4, each drain valve l ib remains closed while the equalizer pipes 11a is open.
  • the equalizer pipe advantageously has no valves and provides for fluid communication between the inside of the tank and the surroundings. ,.
  • the tank 9 is thus gradually flooded with seawater, while getting more and more submerged through the leg-lowering operation.
  • the top valve 13 in the air line 10 is opened, the air in the tank is pushed out of through the air line 10 by the water entering through the equalizer pipe 11a.
  • the top valve 13 in the air line 10 is closed, water entering the tank increases the air pressure inside the tank, continuously creating equilibrium. This means that when leg lowering is temporarily stopped, the inflow of water may also stop.
  • a pressure sensor can be used to monitor the air pressure change, with an unpredicted change indicating malfunctioning of the equalizing pipes 11a.
  • the bottom valve l ib of the tank 9 is opened, right before the start of leg lowering for installation of the jack-up platform 4 at the offshore site.
  • the tank 9 is freely flooded and filled with seawater during the preloading condition, with the top valve 13 in the air line 10 open, to maximize the leg loads that are exerted on the seabed during preloading.
  • the top-valve 13 of tank 9, or each segment or compartment of the tank 9, is closed right after finishing of the preloading.
  • the top valve 13 is preferably situated at the top of the leg 1 remaining above the waterhne. In case the top valve 13 would be directly on the top plate 12 of the tank 9, and thus submerged, an ROV can be used or remote control can be used to operate the valve.
  • the tank having equalizing pipes 11a, the drain valve l ib remains closed and the equalizer pipe 11a remains open to the sea during installed or elevated condition.
  • the bottom valve of (each segment or compartment of) the tank 9 remains open to the sea during installed or elevated condition.
  • the bottom valve is provided with additional piping with a first end connected to the bottom valve and a second end reaching well above the seabed when the leg penetrates the seabed to prevent the bottom valve from being clogged by soil or being stuck in the sea bed..
  • the top valve 13 can be connected to the air system of the jack-up platform, switching from venting mode to supplying mode in which compressed air is supplied to the tank.
  • Each segment or compartment of the tank 9 can be filled with compressed air through the air line 10.
  • the sea water is being pushed out through the equalizer pipe 1 la or bottom valve l ib, until the tank 9 is almost fully filled with compressed air.
  • a predetermined volume of water may remain in the tank 9 under equalized pressure. The resulting allowable leg load is directly dependent on the difference between actual leg load and the generated preload.
  • the top valve 13 After supplying the compressed air, the top valve 13 may be closed.
  • a pressure sensor can be used to monitor the air pressure during the elevated condition, with unpredicted pressure change indicating failure of the compartment.
  • the tank 9 can be opened to allow the compressed air to escape, and the tank 9 can thus be re-filled with sea water via the bottom valve 1 lb or equahzing pipe 11a.
  • This free flooded condition typically may be kept during the whole leg retraction operation.
  • the air filled compartments can be flooded in order to reduce instability caused by buoyant forces on the lower parts of the leg during retraction.
  • the tank When the legs are almost fully retracted, the tank will be raised gradually out of the water, allowing the water inside the tank to drain: air can enter the tank 9 from the opened top valve 13 and/or equalizer pipe 11a of which the second end 17 is above the water line, while the water can gradually be draining through the open bottom or now opened drain valve lib.
  • the bottom -plating of the tank 9 is completely above the water level, which means that the tank is fully self- draining, with no active pumping systems required.
  • the bottom valve or drain valve of each compartment can be closed.
  • the tank 9 can now function as stability tank during the floating condition of the jack-up platform.
  • the tank 9 can be provided of multiple segments and/or multiple compartments, as e.g. shown in the cross-section of a tank 9 figure 7.
  • the triangular tank 9, integrally to the leg structure is divided into six compartments extending along the longitudinal direction of the leg.
  • the multiple compartments can be in fluid communication with each other, for which a configuration with an air line and at least one equalizing line suffices.
  • at least two of the compartments can be separate from each other, each requiring an air line and an equalizing line. It may be understood that, where in the context of this description the tank is mentioned, there can also be referred to one or more compartments of the tank.
  • the amount of water or air in the tank 9 can be varied, depending on the loading condition, e.g. the tank is preferably filled with water during preloading and is preferably filled with air during elevated condition.
  • the volume of water inside the tank is part of the static load of the leg on the seabed, it may be desirable to vary the water volume in the tank 9 for more and/or various conditions to further optimize the load conditions of the leg.
  • level control or volume control of the water level in the tank may be provided.
  • the tank 9 is intended to maximize the margin between preload and actual static leg load to optimize the dynamic load caused e.g. by severe environmental conditions or by additional temporary load on the jack-up platform such as heavy hoisting or cantilever activity.
  • additional temporary load on the jack-up platform such as heavy hoisting or cantilever activity.
  • the water volume of a tank 9 with one or multiple segments or compartments can be controlled when each of the compartments having a known volume is equipped with an individual air line 10, equahzer pipe 11a and/or drain or bottom valve l ib.
  • the load contributed by the tank 9 to the leg load can be controlled by using the air line top valves 13 to vent air from a compartment, or supply compressed air to a compartment in order to have a desired number of air filled and water filled compartments.
  • the volume of each compartment is known, this enables volume control of the tank 9, and thus optimizing of the load in various conditions.
  • the equalizer pipe 11a of one or more compartments is adjustable in height, such that the distance h between first end 17 of equalizer pipe 11a and the bottom plate 16 of the compartment or tank 9 can be adjusted.
  • the complete equahzer pipe 11a may for example be moved by known hnear displacement means, possibly driven by the already available pneumatic power.
  • the equahzer pipe or parts thereof may be extendible or retractable by hnear or rotational displacement. This may enable level control per compartment, as the distance h may define the minimum amount of water that can remain in the tank with closed drain valve or without drain valve.
  • the height h can be known, the volume of water in the compartment or tank can be known, resulting in volume control per compartment or per tank.
  • FIG 8 an embodiment of a tank 9 is shown having three equalizer pipes l lal, l la2, l la3, of which the first ends 17 are respectively at a height hi, h2 and h3 above the bottom plate 16 of the tank 9.
  • the equalizer pipes preferably are provided with a valve 20 1 , 20 2 , 20 3 , such that the equalizer pipe l lal, l la2, l la3 having the required height can be opened.
  • This embodiment is preferred because it has discrete known levels and there are no moving parts.
  • the level of water in that compartment or tank 9 can be controlled.
  • the volume of water in the tank 9 can now be controlled more precisely by combining full and empty compartments as well as one or more partly filled
  • the tank 9 can be provided with pressure sensors.
  • a pressure sensor for example in the air line 10 between the valve 13 and the top plate 12 or in a compartment of the tank can be used to monitor air pressure during operations and detect a pressure change indicating for example leakage, structural damage or a clogged equalizing line.
  • Pressure sensors can also be used to measure the water level in a compartment.
  • the air pressure directly relates to the water level inside the compartment at a given submerged water depth. When retracting calculated pressure of water level from the air pressure, the result returns the pressure of the level inside the tank.
  • This method has several drawbacks which may influence accuracy of measurement.
  • the water depth needs to be known accurately. Additionally, the temperature differences of the sea water influence the density and thereby the pressure of the water column. Further, during wave motion, the pressure inside the tank lags behind outside pressure changes.
  • Using a secondary pressure measurement near the bottom 16 of the compartment or tank 9 may resolve one or more of these inaccuracies.
  • the pressure of the bottom sensor can then retracted from the measured pressure of the air pressure.
  • the resulting difference divided by the density of the water returns the value of the water level inside the compartment.
  • the common practice of wired signals to the control room may require complex equipment for reeling and/or unreeling of the wire during adjustment of the leg.
  • wireless arrangements can be used for wireless communication between the pressure sensors and control rooms on the jack-up platform or remote.
  • several receivers may be positioned on the jack-up platform to avoid shadow zones due to different leg positions and to assure signal reliability.
  • such a pressure differential measurement system can be arranged with a pressure sensor for the dry part of a compartment (top, compressed air) and a pressure sensor for the wet part of a
  • this system can be arranged with a wired connection between submerged pressure sensors and a wireless transmitter, wherein the wireless transmitter can be located on the leg above water level to transmit to multiple receivers on the jack-up.
  • the tank 9 can be used to optimize the margin between preload and actual static leg load, but the full capacity of the tank which may be required for a first site may not always be optimal for a second site.
  • Volume control and/or level control can be used to optimize the site specific load case, resulting in sufficient margin between actual and allowed leg load as well as a reliable stability of the jack-up.
  • installing the jack-up on site may require a specific adjustment of the tank load capacity.
  • dynamic control may be advantageous. When heavy hoisting or cantilever operations may be executed on the jack-up platform, this may result in temporary additional leg loads. Also, severe weather conditions may lead to significant additional dynamic environmental loads on the legs. In such cases the volume and/or level control on the tank can be used to compensate for these additional load by temporarily adjusting the water volume of the tank per leg.
  • a control system is provided to control the water and/or air volume in the tank.
  • the control system can comprise an input module for receiving site specific conditions or expected loading specific conditions as input. Then, in a control module, the required water volume in the compartments and/or tank can be determined which can be outputted to the valves or adjustment units on the respective air lines and/or equalizing pipes. Control of the volume of the compartments and/or tank can be done in a discrete mode for site or environmental specific conditions, or can be done continuously or dynamically following regular or continuous input from jack-up operational conditions and/or environmental conditions.
  • a truss-type leg is shown.
  • a tank or compartment can be equally well be provided on other types of legs, such as a closed cylindrical type of leg.
  • the tank or compartment is shown as being inside of the leg, but can be located at other positions on the leg as well, for example outside or at one side or surrounding the leg etc. Many variants are possible.
  • the compartment can be embodied in various ways.
  • the compartment can be provided as a tank that is mounted to the leg.
  • the compartment can be provided as a part of the leg, or may be integrated to the leg, for example by using plate material between the leg chords, thereby possibly replacing some of the trusses at that location and/or using plate material to cover the bottom and/or top of the compartment.
  • the tank or compartment can have any suitable shape.
  • valve connection is being described as a top valve at the top and a bottom valve at the bottom of the compartment.
  • alternative locations are also possible, for example at a side of the
  • the top valve is at an upper end of the compartment, e.g. at the top or at an upper side.
  • the bottom valve is at a lower end of the compartment, e.g. at the bottom or at a lower side.
  • One or more compartments can be provided, which may be

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un pied auto-élévateur qui comprend une extrémité inférieure pourvue d'un dispositif de support et d'une partie de levage de pied conçue pour coopérer avec une partie de levage de coque, l'extrémité inférieure du pied étant pourvue en outre d'un réservoir de pression d'égalisation, le réservoir comprenant une plaque supérieure et une plaque inférieure, et étant pourvu au moins d'une conduite d'air, pour permettre à l'air d'entrer et/ou de sortir de celui-ci, disposée près de la plaque supérieure, et au moins d'une conduite d'égalisation pour permettre à l'eau d'entrer et/ou de sortir du réservoir dont une première extrémité est disposée près de la plaque inférieure.
PCT/NL2016/050181 2015-03-12 2016-03-14 Plate-forme auto-élévatrice, pied pour une plate-forme auto-élévatrice, procédé d'installation de plate-forme auto-élévatrice Ceased WO2016144181A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2014447 2015-03-12
NL2014447 2015-03-12
NL2015623 2015-10-15
NL2015623A NL2015623B1 (en) 2015-03-12 2015-10-15 Jack-up platform; Leg for a jack-up platform; method for installing a jack-up platform.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016144181A1 true WO2016144181A1 (fr) 2016-09-15

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NL2016/050181 Ceased WO2016144181A1 (fr) 2015-03-12 2016-03-14 Plate-forme auto-élévatrice, pied pour une plate-forme auto-élévatrice, procédé d'installation de plate-forme auto-élévatrice

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WO (1) WO2016144181A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113833034A (zh) * 2021-09-01 2021-12-24 中国石油大学(北京) 一种桩基地层状态监测系统及方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3797256A (en) * 1972-09-08 1974-03-19 Sharp Inc G Jack-up type offshore platform apparatus
WO2011116254A2 (fr) * 2010-03-19 2011-09-22 National Oilwell Varco, L.P. Plate-forme auto-élévatrice dotée de charges de ballast supportées par une jambe
WO2013064327A1 (fr) * 2011-11-01 2013-05-10 Aker Mh As Semelle pour pied de support de structure marine et procédé de montage et de démontage de plate-forme autoélévatrice

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3797256A (en) * 1972-09-08 1974-03-19 Sharp Inc G Jack-up type offshore platform apparatus
WO2011116254A2 (fr) * 2010-03-19 2011-09-22 National Oilwell Varco, L.P. Plate-forme auto-élévatrice dotée de charges de ballast supportées par une jambe
WO2013064327A1 (fr) * 2011-11-01 2013-05-10 Aker Mh As Semelle pour pied de support de structure marine et procédé de montage et de démontage de plate-forme autoélévatrice

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113833034A (zh) * 2021-09-01 2021-12-24 中国石油大学(北京) 一种桩基地层状态监测系统及方法

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