WO2016158562A1 - 疲労特性に優れた熱処理鋼線 - Google Patents
疲労特性に優れた熱処理鋼線 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016158562A1 WO2016158562A1 PCT/JP2016/058959 JP2016058959W WO2016158562A1 WO 2016158562 A1 WO2016158562 A1 WO 2016158562A1 JP 2016058959 W JP2016058959 W JP 2016058959W WO 2016158562 A1 WO2016158562 A1 WO 2016158562A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
- F16F1/021—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant characterised by their composition, e.g. comprising materials providing for particular spring properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
- F16F2224/02—Materials; Material properties solids
- F16F2224/0208—Alloys
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2226/00—Manufacturing; Treatments
- F16F2226/02—Surface treatments
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
- F16F2230/0023—Purpose; Design features protective
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2238/00—Type of springs or dampers
- F16F2238/02—Springs
- F16F2238/026—Springs wound- or coil-like
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat-treated steel wire, and more particularly to a heat-treated steel wire having excellent fatigue characteristics.
- Patent Document 1 contains a predetermined amount of C, Si, Mn, Mo and Cr, tensile strength 1900 to 2350 MPa, drawing 35% or more, Mo carbide precipitate size 0.2 ⁇ m or less, residual austenite content 5 vol%.
- spring steel wires having a surface roughness Rz of 14 ⁇ m or less are disclosed. According to this technology, a spring steel wire capable of improving the fatigue limit by reducing the influence at high temperature and capable of nitriding at high temperature can be obtained.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an oil tempered wire for a high toughness spring having a predetermined chemical composition and having a retained austenite volume ratio of 1 to 5%. According to this technique, an oil tempered wire for a spring having high strength and high toughness can be obtained without deteriorating the sag resistance during use of the spring.
- Patent Document 1 since an expensive element such as Mo is added, the manufacturing cost is high. Further, in the austenite amount specified in Patent Document 2, since the increase in hardness obtained from the work-induced martensite transformation that occurs during spring processing is small, sufficient hardness cannot be secured, and there is room for improvement in spring strength.
- the present invention has been made paying attention to the above-described circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a heat-treated steel wire having excellent fatigue characteristics.
- the heat-treated steel wire according to the present invention that has solved the above problems is, in mass%, C: 0.5 to 0.8%, Si: 1.0 to 2.50%, Mn: 0.5 to 1. 5%, P: more than 0%, 0.02% or less, S: more than 0%, 0.02% or less, Cr: 0.3 to 0.7%, V: 0.05 to 0.5%, Al : More than 0%, 0.01% or less, N: more than 0%, 0.007% or less, O: more than 0%, 0.004% or less, with the balance being iron and inevitable impurities, deep from the surface layer
- the Cr equivalent carbide having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.3 ⁇ m is 0.20 piece / ⁇ m 2 or less, 0.3 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.7 ⁇ m.
- the present invention also includes a spring obtained using the above heat-treated steel wire.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram of the measurement locations of Cr-based carbides in the examples.
- the present inventors studied from various angles in order to obtain a heat-treated steel wire having excellent fatigue characteristics. As a result, it was found that it is effective to control Cr-based carbides in the tempered martensite structure in order to suppress fatigue fracture caused by internal defects.
- Cr-based carbides include Cr carbides, Cr carbonitrides, composite carbides with carbide-generating elements such as V, and composite carbonitrides.
- the final purpose is to increase the fatigue characteristics of the spring as the fatigue characteristics.
- the heat-treated steel wire used for manufacturing the spring must also have excellent fatigue characteristics. . From such a viewpoint, the fatigue characteristics of the heat-treated steel wire are improved.
- the fatigue characteristics of the spring and the fatigue characteristics of the heat-treated steel wire are sometimes simply referred to as “fatigue characteristics”.
- Cr-based carbide with equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.3 ⁇ m: 0.20 pieces / ⁇ m 2 or less Fine Cr-based carbides having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.3 ⁇ m are likely to become fatigue crack propagation paths, and fatigue strength decreases as the amount of such fine Cr-based carbide precipitation increases. Therefore, the Cr-based carbide in this range should be small, 0.20 pieces / ⁇ m 2 or less, preferably 0.15 pieces / ⁇ m 2 or less, more preferably 0.12 pieces / ⁇ m 2 or less, and most preferably 0 pieces. / ⁇ m 2 .
- a Cr-based carbide having a circle equivalent diameter of 0.7 ⁇ m or more is likely to become a fatigue crack propagation path or a starting point of fatigue fracture, and thus significantly reduces the fatigue strength. Further, it may cause coiling breakage during spring forming. Therefore, the Cr-based carbide in this range should be small, 0.0010 / ⁇ m 2 or less, preferably 0.0005 / ⁇ m 2 or less, and most preferably 0 / ⁇ m 2 .
- the amount of retained austenite is more than 5% in volume ratio, preferably 7% or more, more preferably 8% or more with respect to the entire metal structure.
- the amount of retained austenite is too large, the hardness during quenching may be insufficient, so it is 15% or less, preferably 13% or less, more preferably 12% or less.
- C is an element effective for improving the strength and sag resistance of the spring.
- the C content is 0.5% or more, preferably 0.55% or more, more preferably 0.6% or more.
- the C content is 0.8% or less, preferably 0.75% or less, more preferably 0.70% or less.
- Si 1.0-2.50%
- Si is an element effective for deoxidizing steel and improving spring strength.
- the Si content is 1.0% or more, preferably 1.2% or more, more preferably 1.4% or more.
- the Si content is 2.50% or less, preferably 2.4% or less, and more preferably 2.3% or less.
- Mn 0.5 to 1.5%
- Mn increases hardenability and contributes to improved spring strength.
- the Mn content is 0.5% or more, preferably 0.6% or more, more preferably 0.7% or more.
- the Mn content is 1.5% or less, preferably 1.4% or less, more preferably 1.3% or less.
- P over 0%, 0.02% or less
- P segregates at the prior austenite grain boundaries and embrittles the structure, so that the fatigue characteristics are reduced. Therefore, the P content is 0.02% or less, preferably 0.018% or less. The smaller the P content, the better. However, it is difficult to make it zero, and about 0.003% may be contained as an inevitable impurity.
- S more than 0%, 0.02% or less
- S segregates at the prior austenite grain boundaries and embrittles the structure, so that fatigue characteristics are reduced. Therefore, the S content is 0.02% or less, preferably 0.015% or less. The smaller the S content, the better. However, it is difficult to make it zero, and about 0.003% may be contained as an inevitable impurity.
- Cr 0.3-0.7%
- Cr has the effect of reducing the activity of C and preventing decarburization during rolling and heat treatment.
- the Cr content is 0.3% or more, preferably 0.35% or more, and more preferably 0.4% or more.
- the Cr content is 0.7% or less, preferably 0.65% or less, more preferably 0.6% or less.
- V has the effect
- secondary precipitation hardening occurs at the time of strain relief annealing after spring formation, which contributes to improvement of the strength of the spring.
- the V content is 0.05% or more, preferably 0.10% or more, more preferably 0.15% or more.
- the V content is 0.5% or less, preferably 0.40% or less, more preferably 0.35% or less.
- Al more than 0%, 0.01% or less
- Al forms inclusions of Al 2 O 3 and AlN in the steel. These inclusions significantly reduce the fatigue life of the spring. Therefore, the Al content is 0.01% or less, preferably 0.005% or less.
- N more than 0%, 0.007% or less
- N combines with Al to form AlN inclusions.
- AlN inclusions significantly reduce the fatigue life of the spring.
- the N content is 0.007% or less, preferably 0.005% or less.
- O more than 0%, 0.004% or less
- the O content is 0.004% or less, preferably 0.003% or less.
- the basic components of the heat-treated steel wire of the present invention are as described above, and the balance is substantially iron.
- inevitable impurities such as Ca and Na, which are inevitably mixed in depending on the situation of materials such as iron raw materials (including scrap), auxiliary materials, and manufacturing equipment, are contained in the steel.
- the steel material of the present invention may further contain at least Ni or B as necessary, and the characteristics of the heat-treated steel wire can be further improved according to the kind and content of the element to be contained.
- the reason for setting a preferable range when these elements are contained is as follows.
- Ni more than 0%, 0.3% or less
- Ni has the effect of improving corrosion resistance in addition to suppressing decarburization during hot rolling.
- the Ni content is preferably 0.05% or more, more preferably 0.1% or more.
- the Ni content is preferably 0.3% or less, more preferably 0.25% or less, and still more preferably 0.2% or less.
- B more than 0%, 0.01% or less
- B has an effect of improving hardenability and cleaning the austenite grain boundaries, and improves toughness.
- the B content is preferably 0.001% or more, more preferably 0.0015% or more, and further preferably 0.002% or more.
- the B content is preferably 0.01% or less, more preferably 0.008% or less, and still more preferably 0.006% or less.
- the manufacturing method of the heat-treated steel wire of the present invention is not particularly limited, and known manufacturing conditions can be adopted.
- a steel piece obtained by melting and rolling a steel having the above chemical composition is processed into a wire having a diameter of about 5.0 to 8.0 mm by hot rolling, wound into a coil shape, and cooled.
- a skin removal process is performed to remove surface flaws and decarburized parts of the steel wire (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “rolled wire”).
- the wire is drawn to a desired wire diameter, for example, about 3 to 4 mm in the case of a valve spring.
- the drawn wire thus obtained is then subjected to quenching and tempering treatment called oil temper to obtain a heat-treated steel wire.
- Various springs such as valve springs and clutch springs can be obtained by processing the heat-treated steel wire thus obtained into a spring shape.
- the patenting treatment conditions in the secondary processing, and the elongation It is necessary to control the heat treatment conditions of the quenching and tempering treatment after the wire treatment.
- the ingot is subjected to split rolling to produce a billet of a predetermined size.
- the ingot is necessary to heat the billet to 1200 ° C. or higher, more preferably 1220 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 1230 ° C. or higher before the batch rolling.
- the upper limit of the heating temperature is not particularly limited because the Cr-based carbide can be dissolved as the billet is heated to a higher temperature.
- the upper limit of the heating temperature is 1250 ° C. or less, preferably 1240 ° C. or less in consideration of the heat resistance temperature of the heating furnace. It is.
- the rolling temperature is preferably 950 ° C. or lower, more preferably 900 ° C. or lower, preferably 750 ° C. or higher, more preferably 800 ° C. or higher.
- the rolling winding temperature is 750 ° C. or higher, preferably 780 ° C. or higher, more preferably 800 ° C. or higher. 950 ° C. or lower, preferably 920 ° C. or lower, more preferably 900 ° C. or lower.
- the average cooling rate from the start of cooling after placing the conveyor to the end temperature range of pearlite transformation is 1.0 ° C./second or more, preferably 2 ° C./second or more, preferably 6 ° C./second or less, preferably Is 5 ° C./second or less, more preferably 4 ° C./second or less.
- the average cooling rate up to 300 ° C. is 4 ° C./second or more, preferably 5 ° C./second or more, and is 10 ° C./second or less, preferably 9 ° C./second or less.
- the cooling rate control can be performed by appropriately combining, for example, rolling line speed, conveyor speed, blower cooling, cover cooling, and the like.
- the said temperature can be measured with the radiation thermometer provided in the several places on a conveyor.
- a pearlite structure can be obtained by controlling the heating conditions during patenting.
- the heating temperature during patenting is 850 ° C. or higher, preferably 870 ° C. or higher, more preferably 890 ° C. or higher, preferably 950 ° C. or lower, more preferably Is 930 ° C. or lower.
- the holding time at the heating temperature is 10 seconds or longer, preferably 15 seconds or longer, more preferably 20 seconds or longer, 60 seconds or shorter, preferably 55 seconds or shorter, more preferably 50 seconds or shorter.
- the average cooling rate is 1.0 ° C./second or more, preferably 2.0 ° C./second or more, 6 ° C./second or less, preferably 5 ° C./second or less.
- the drawn wire is subjected to quenching and tempering treatment.
- the heating temperature at the time of quenching is 850 ° C. or higher, preferably 870 ° C. or higher, more preferably 890 ° C. or higher in order to suppress coarse undissolved Cr-based carbides due to insufficient heating.
- the heating temperature is 950 ° C. or lower, preferably 930 ° C. or lower, more preferably. Is 910 ° C. or lower.
- the holding time at the heating temperature is 10 seconds or longer, preferably 15 seconds or longer, more preferably 20 seconds or longer, and 60 seconds or shorter, preferably 55 seconds or shorter, more preferably 50 seconds or shorter.
- tempering may be adjusted as appropriate so that the tensile strength becomes 2100 MPa or more. For example, tempering is performed at a heating temperature of 350 ° C. or higher and 450 ° C. or lower and a holding time at the heating temperature of 30 seconds or longer and 150 seconds or shorter. By performing such treatment, a heat-treated steel wire having a desired tensile strength and containing retained austenite of more than 5% and not more than 15% can be obtained.
- the heat-treated steel wire of the present invention exhibits excellent fatigue characteristics as shown in the examples below.
- the heat-treated steel wire of the present invention can be processed into a desired coil diameter, free height, and number of turns to produce various springs such as a valve spring, a clutch spring, an engine spring, and a transmission spring.
- the heat-treated steel wire may be subjected to various known treatments such as nitriding treatment and vacuum carburizing treatment as necessary when processing.
- a steel ingot having a chemical composition shown in Table 1 was melted in a small vacuum melting furnace, heated at the temperature shown in Table 2 simulating the lump temperature, and then forged to produce a ⁇ 155 mm steel piece. did.
- the mounting temperature, and the cooling rate to 600 ° C. after winding (described in the table as “cooling rate I”), and then the cooling rate to 300 ° C. (in the table, “ A rolled wire rod having a wire diameter of ⁇ 8.0 mm was manufactured by controlling “cooling rate II” as shown in Table 2.
- the rolled wire rod is shaved to remove the surface decarburized layer, wrinkles, etc., and then subjected to a patenting treatment under the conditions shown in Table 2 to form a pearlite structure, and then cold-drawn so that the wire diameter becomes 4.0 mm. Wire processed.
- Cr-based carbides are measured using image analysis software (Image Pro Plus manufactured by Media Cybernetics) to perform qualitative analysis of Cr-based carbides with a circle equivalent diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more, and Cr-based carbides of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.3 ⁇ m The numbers of carbides, Cr carbides of 0.3 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.7 ⁇ m, and Cr carbides of 0.7 ⁇ m or more were calculated, and the number and average value of Cr carbides per 1 ⁇ m 2 were calculated.
- image analysis software Image Pro Plus manufactured by Media Cybernetics
- Fatigue strength was evaluated by Nakamura rotary bending fatigue test. Shot peening was performed on the heat-treated steel wire after the quenching and tempering treatment to give a compressive residual stress to the steel wire surface layer, and then a strain relief annealing was performed at 220 ° C. for 20 minutes to prepare a test piece. The rotational bending test was started from a load stress of 1000 MPa, and the stress at which the rotational speed reached 50 million times without breaking all five specimens was defined as fatigue strength. When breakage occurred in the inclusions, a rotational bending test was performed while gradually reducing the load stress to 950 MPa and 900 MPa. 900 MPa or more was evaluated as acceptable.
- Test No. Reference numerals 1 to 10 are invention examples that satisfy the requirements defined in the present invention. All of these had excellent fatigue properties.
- Test No. 11 and 12 are examples where the lump temperature is low. In these examples, coarse carbides of 0.7 ⁇ m or more increased and the fatigue strength decreased.
- Test No. 13 is an example where the mounting temperature is high. In this example, the test was stopped because a supercooled structure was generated in the rolled material and the wire was broken during the cutting of the rolled wire.
- Test No. 14 is an example in which the cooling rate from the mounting temperature to 600 ° C. (“cooling rate I” in the table) is slow.
- cooling rate I the amount of Cr carbide of 0.3 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.7 ⁇ m and the amount of Cr carbide of 0.7 ⁇ m or more increased, and the fatigue strength decreased.
- Test No. 15 is an example in which the cooling rate to 300 ° C. after rolling (“cooling rate II” in the table) was slow.
- the amount of Cr carbide of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.3 ⁇ m increased, and the fatigue strength decreased.
- Test No. 16 is an example in which the heating temperature during patenting is low.
- the amount of Cr carbide of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.3 ⁇ m increased, and the fatigue strength decreased.
- Test No. 17 is an example in which the heating and holding time during patenting is short. In this example, the test was stopped because the structure was incomplete and disconnection occurred in the wire drawing process.
- Test No. 18 is an example in which the cooling rate during patenting is slow.
- the amount of Cr carbide of 0.3 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.7 ⁇ m and the amount of Cr carbide of 0.7 ⁇ m or more increased, and the fatigue strength decreased.
- Test No. 19 is an example in which the heating temperature during quenching is low.
- the amount of Cr carbide of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.3 ⁇ m and the amount of Cr carbide of 0.3 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.7 ⁇ m increased, and the fatigue strength decreased.
- Test No. 20 is an example in which the holding time during quenching is short.
- the amount of Cr carbide of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.3 ⁇ m and the amount of Cr carbide of 0.3 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.7 ⁇ m increased, and the fatigue strength decreased.
- Test No. 21 is an example with a high tempering temperature.
- the amount of Cr carbide of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.3 ⁇ m increased, and the fatigue strength decreased. Further, the amount of residual ⁇ was also small.
- Test No. 22 is an example where the tempering temperature is high.
- the residual ⁇ amount is small and the increase in hardness after coiling is small, a high-strength spring cannot be obtained.
- Test No. No. 23 had a long tempering retention time.
- the amount of Cr carbide of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.3 ⁇ m and the amount of Cr carbide of 0.3 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.7 ⁇ m increased, and the fatigue strength decreased. Further, the amount of residual ⁇ was also small.
- Test No. 24 is an example with a high C content.
- the tensile strength was high and the drawing was low.
- the amount of Cr carbide of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.3 ⁇ m and the amount of Cr carbide of 0.3 ⁇ m or more and less than 0.7 ⁇ m increased, and the fatigue strength decreased.
- Test No. 25 is an example with a large Si content.
- the tensile strength was high and the drawing was low. Further, the fatigue strength was lowered due to poor toughness.
- Test No. 26 is an example with much Cr content.
- the amount of Cr-based carbides increased and the fatigue strength decreased.
- Test No. 27 is an example with a large V content.
- the composite carbide of Cr and V increased, and the fatigue strength decreased.
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Abstract
Description
(a)Ni:0%超、0.3%以下
(b)B:0%超、0.01%以下
0.1μm以上、0.3μm未満のCr系炭化物:0.20個/μm2以下
0.3μm以上、0.7μm未満のCr系炭化物:0.002個/μm2以下
0.7μm以上のCr系炭化物:0.0010個/μm2以下
円相当直径で0.1μm以上、0.3μm未満の微細なCr系炭化物は疲労き裂の進展経路となりやすく、このような微細なCr系炭化物析出量が増えると疲労強度が低下する。そのためこの範囲のCr系炭化物は少ない方がよく、0.20個/μm2以下、好ましくは0.15個/μm2以下、より好ましくは0.12個/μm2以下、最も好ましくは0個/μm2である。
また円相当直径で0.3μm以上、0.7μm未満のCr系炭化物は疲労き裂進展経路となるだけでなく、疲労破壊の起点にもなり得るため疲労強度に大きな影響を及ぼす。そのためこの範囲のCr系炭化物は少ない方がよく、0.002個/μm2以下、好ましくは0.0015個/μm2以下、更に好ましくは0.001個/μm2以下、最も好ましくは0個/μm2である。
円相当直径で0.7μm以上のCr系炭化物は、疲労き裂進展経路や疲労破壊の起点となりやすいため疲労強度を著しく低下させる。更にばね成形時にコイリング折損を誘発する原因になり得る。そのため、この範囲のCr系炭化物は少ない方がよく、0.0010個/μm2以下、好ましくは0.0005個/μm2以下、最も好ましくは0個/μm2である。
本発明では上記Cr系炭化物を抑制するために従来よりもCr含有量を低減させている。Cr含有量の低減に伴って軟化抵抗、すなわち耐熱性も低下するため、ばね加工後のひずみ取り焼鈍や窒化処理等の熱処理によって硬さが低下し、ばねの高強度化が難しくなる。そこで本発明では熱処理鋼線に所定量の残留オーステナイトを存在させることで、ばね加工時に残留オーステナイトを加工誘起マルテンサイトに変態させてばねを高強度化させている。このような効果を得るためには残留オーステナイト量は、金属組織全体に対して、体積率で5%超、好ましくは7%以上、より好ましくは8%以上である。一方、残留オーステナイト量が多すぎると焼入れ時の硬さが不足することがあるため15%以下、好ましくは13%以下、より好ましくは12%以下である。
Cは、ばねの強度、耐へたり性の向上に有効な元素である。このような効果を有効に発揮させるには、C含有量は0.5%以上、好ましくは0.55%以上、より好ましくは0.6%以上である。C含有量の増加に伴ってばねの強度・耐へたり性は向上するが、添加量が過剰になると粗大セメンタイトを多量に析出し、ばね加工性、ばね特性に悪影響を及ぼす。そのためC含有量は0.8%以下、好ましくは0.75%以下、より好ましくは0.70%以下である。
Siは、鋼の脱酸、及びばねの強度向上に有効な元素である。このような効果を有効に発揮させるには、Si含有量は1.0%以上、好ましくは1.2%以上、より好ましくは1.4%以上である。一方、Si含有量が過剰になると、材料を硬化させるだけでなく、延性・靱性を低下させる他、表面の脱炭量が増加して疲労特性を低下させることがある。そのためSi含有量は2.50%以下、好ましくは2.4%以下、より好ましくは2.3%以下である。
Mnは、鋼の脱酸、鋼中SをMnSとして固定することに加えて、焼入れ性を高めてばね強度の向上に貢献する。このような効果を有効に発揮させるには、Mn含有量は0.5%以上、好ましくは0.6%以上、より好ましくは0.7%以上である。一方、Mn含有量が過剰になると、焼入れ性が過度に向上するため、マルテンサイト、ベイナイト等の過冷組織が生成しやすくなる。そのため、Mn含有量は1.5%以下、好ましくは1.4%以下、より好ましくは1.3%以下である。
Pは旧オーステナイト粒界に偏析し、組織を脆化させるため疲労特性が低下する。そのためP含有量は、0.02%以下、好ましくは0.018%以下である。P含有量は少ないほど好ましいが、ゼロとするのは製造上困難であり、0.003%程度は不可避不純物として含有することがある。
Sは旧オーステナイト粒界に偏析し、組織を脆化させるため疲労特性が低下する。そのためS含有量は、0.02%以下、好ましくは0.015%以下である。S含有量は少ないほど好ましいが、ゼロとするのは製造上困難であり、0.003%程度は不可避不純物として含有することがある。
Crは、焼入れ性を向上させて、ばね強度を向上させることに加え、Cの活量を低下させて圧延時や熱処理時の脱炭を防止する効果がある。このような効果を有効に発揮させるにはCr含有量は、0.3%以上、好ましくは0.35%以上、より好ましくは0.4%以上である。一方、Crが増加すると鋼中のCr系炭化物が増加するためばねの疲労特性を低下させる。そのためCr含有量は0.7%以下、好ましくは0.65%以下、より好ましくは0.6%以下である。
Vは、熱間圧延、および焼入れ焼戻し処理において結晶粒を微細化する作用があり、延性、靭性を向上させる。また、ばね成形後の歪取焼鈍時に2次析出硬化を起こしてばねの強度の向上に寄与する。これらの効果を発揮させるためには、V含有量は0.05%以上、好ましくは0.10%以上、より好ましくは0.15%以上である。一方、V含有量が多いと、CrとVの複合炭化物が増加してばねの疲労強度が低下する。そのためV含有量は0.5%以下、好ましくは0.40%以下、より好ましくは0.35%以下である。
Alは鋼中でAl2O3やAlNの介在物を形成する。これらの介在物はばねの疲労寿命を著しく低下させる。そのためAl含有量は0.01%以下、好ましくは0.005%以下である。
NはAlと結合してAlNの介在物を形成する。AlN介在物はばねの疲労寿命を著しく低下させる。またNは伸線加工中の時効脆化を促進するため、二次加工を難しくする。そのためN含有量は0.007%以下、好ましくは0.005%以下である。
Oを過剰に含有すると粗大な非金属介在物を生成して疲労強度を低下させる。そのためO含有量は0.004%以下、好ましくは0.003%以下である。
Niは、熱間圧延時の脱炭を抑制する他、耐腐食性を向上させる効果がある。このような効果を有効に発揮させるにはNi含有量は、好ましくは0.05%以上、より好ましくは0.1%以上である。一方、Ni含有量が多いとコスト面で劣るだけでなく、焼入れ性が過度に向上するため、マルテンサイト、ベイナイト等の過冷組織が生成しやすくなり、ばねの耐へたり性を著しく低下させる。そのため、Ni含有量は好ましくは0.3%以下、より好ましくは0.25%以下、更に好ましくは0.2%以下である。
Bは、焼入れ性の向上とオーステナイト結晶粒界の清浄化作用があり、靱延性を向上させる。この様な効果を有効に発揮させるには、B含有量は好ましくは0.001%以上、より好ましくは0.0015%以上、更に好ましくは0.002%以上である。一方、Bを過剰に含有させるとFeとBの複合化合物が析出し、熱間圧延時の割れを引き起こす危険がある。また、焼入れ性が過度に向上するため、マルテンサイト、ベイナイト等の過冷組織が生成しやすくなる。そのため、B含有量は好ましくは0.01%以下、より好ましくは0.008%以下、更に好ましくは0.006%以下である。
オートグラフ(島津製作所製)にて評価間距離を200mm、ひずみ速度20mm/minとして引張り試験を行い引張強度、および破面形状から絞りを測定した。絞りが45%以上であれば靭延性に優れると判定した。
電界放射型走査電子顕微鏡(FE-SEM:Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope)、およびエネルギー分散型蛍光X線分析装置(EDX:Energy Dispersive X-ray)を用いて焼戻しマルテンサイト組織中のCr系炭化物の測定を行った。鋼線の軸に対して垂直な断面(以下、「横断面」という)で切断し、熱間樹脂に埋め込み、ペーパー研磨、バフ研磨、エッチングの順に行った。エッチング液には5%ピクリン酸95%エタノールを使用して、析出物を現出した。次いで、FE-SEMを用いて、上記横断面において鋼線表層から深さ0.3mmの位置を図1に示すように45°間隔で各275μm2、合計2,200μm2を観察した。観察は、倍率10,000倍、加速電圧:20kV、電流:0.1nAの条件にて行った。次いで、EDXを用いて、炭化物、炭窒化物、複合炭化物、および複合炭窒化物を同定し、Feを除く元素のうちCrを質量%で10%以上含むものをCr系炭化物とした。Cr系炭化物の測定は画像解析ソフト(Media Cybernetics社製 Image Pro Plus)を用いて円相当直径が0.1μm以上のCr系炭化物の定性分析を行い、0.1μm以上0.3μm未満のCr系炭化物、0.3μm以上0.7μm未満のCr系炭化物、0.7μm以上のCr系炭化物の夫々の個数を算出し、1μm2当たりのCr系炭化物の個数および平均値を算出した。
2次元微小部X線回折装置を用いて、表4に記載の分析条件にて残留γ量の測定を行って体積率を算出した。なお、残留γの効果は自径巻前後の硬さ上昇の測定値△HVによって評価した。△HVが50以上であればコイリング時の硬さ上昇によって高強度ばねが得られたと判定した。
疲労強度は中村式回転曲げ疲労試験を行って評価した。焼入れ焼戻し処理後の熱処理鋼線に対してショットピーニングを行って鋼線表層に圧縮の残留応力を付与した後、220℃で20分間のひずみ取り焼鈍を行って試験片を作製した。回転曲げ試験は負荷応力1000MPaから開始し、試験片5本全てが破断することなく回転数が5,000万回に達した応力を疲労強度とした。介在物での折損が発生した場合には950MPa、900MPaと徐々に負荷応力を低下させて回転曲げ試験を実施した。900MPa以上を合格と評価した。
Claims (3)
- 質量%で、
C :0.5~0.8%、
Si:1.0~2.50%、
Mn: 0.5~1.5%、
P :0%超、0.02%以下、
S :0%超、0.02%以下、
Cr:0.3~0.7%、
V :0.05~0.5%、
Al:0%超、0.01%以下、
N :0%超、0.007%以下、
O :0%超、0.004%以下を含有し、
残部が鉄および不可避不純物からなり、
表層から深さ0.3mmにおける焼戻しマルテンサイト組織中に、円相当直径で、
0.1μm以上、0.3μm未満のCr系炭化物を0.20個/μm2以下、
0.3μm以上、0.7μm未満のCr系炭化物を0.002個/μm2以下、
0.7μm以上のCr系炭化物を0.0010個/μm2以下含み、且つ
残留オーステナイト量が体積率で5%超、15%以下である疲労特性に優れた熱処理鋼線。 - 更に、質量%で、以下の(a)、(b)の少なくとも1つを含有する請求項1に記載の熱処理鋼線。
(a)Ni:0%超、0.3%以下
(b)B:0%超、0.01%以下 - 請求項1または2に記載の熱処理鋼線を用いて得られるばね。
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| KR1020177026618A KR20170118882A (ko) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-03-22 | 피로 특성이 우수한 열처리 강선 |
| US15/559,959 US20180073093A1 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-03-22 | Heat-treated steel wire having excellent fatigue-resistance characteristics |
| EP16772443.4A EP3279357A4 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-03-22 | Heat-treated steel wire having excellent fatigue-resistance characteristics |
| CN201680018661.4A CN107429357A (zh) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-03-22 | 疲劳特性优异的热处理钢线 |
| BR112017020899A BR112017020899A2 (pt) | 2015-03-31 | 2016-03-22 | fio de aço tratado termicamente apresentando excelentes características de resistência à fadiga |
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| KR102047403B1 (ko) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-11-22 | 주식회사 포스코 | 냉간압조용 선재, 이를 이용한 가공품 및 이들의 제조방법 |
| WO2021002074A1 (ja) * | 2019-07-01 | 2021-01-07 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 鋼線およびばね |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| BR112017020899A2 (pt) | 2018-07-10 |
| MX2017012436A (es) | 2018-01-26 |
| KR20170118882A (ko) | 2017-10-25 |
| CN107429357A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
| US20180073093A1 (en) | 2018-03-15 |
| JP6453693B2 (ja) | 2019-01-16 |
| JP2016191099A (ja) | 2016-11-10 |
| EP3279357A4 (en) | 2018-08-22 |
| EP3279357A1 (en) | 2018-02-07 |
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