WO2016165323A1 - 永磁直驱风力发电机、系统及其定子 - Google Patents

永磁直驱风力发电机、系统及其定子 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016165323A1
WO2016165323A1 PCT/CN2015/094852 CN2015094852W WO2016165323A1 WO 2016165323 A1 WO2016165323 A1 WO 2016165323A1 CN 2015094852 W CN2015094852 W CN 2015094852W WO 2016165323 A1 WO2016165323 A1 WO 2016165323A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stator
air
comb
spiral
permanent magnet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2015/094852
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马盛骏
辛乳江
王栋
刘承前
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Goldwind Science and Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Xinjiang Goldwind Science and Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xinjiang Goldwind Science and Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Xinjiang Goldwind Science and Technology Co Ltd
Priority to AU2015391632A priority Critical patent/AU2015391632B2/en
Priority to US15/554,133 priority patent/US10014735B2/en
Priority to EP15889019.4A priority patent/EP3252924B1/en
Priority to ES15889019T priority patent/ES2796105T3/es
Publication of WO2016165323A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016165323A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
    • H02K1/182—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures to stators axially facing the rotor, i.e. with axial or conical air gap
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/54—Other sealings for rotating shafts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/22—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating around the armatures, e.g. flywheel magnetos
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/10—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with arrangements for protection from ingress, e.g. water or fingers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
    • H02K9/04—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/26—Structural association of machines with devices for cleaning or drying cooling medium, e.g. with filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7066—Application in combination with an electrical generator via a direct connection, i.e. a gearless transmission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7068—Application in combination with an electrical generator equipped with permanent magnets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/57—Seals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator, a system and a stator thereof, and belongs to the technical field of wind power.
  • the open type permanent magnet direct drive outer rotor wind power generator relies on natural air cooling, the opening structure is favorable for natural ventilation heat exchange, and the magnetic pole uses the permanent magnet material to prevent the magnetic reduction after the temperature rise exceeds the standard, but the generator is usually exposed. In extremely harsh environments (exposure to wind, frost, rain, snow, sand, salt spray, etc.).
  • Air-cooled generator insulation is susceptible to moisture due to its operating state and structure. Because the insulation of the generator can only be embedded in the core groove, it can not be immersed in the insulating oil like a transformer, nor can it be sealed in a sealed metal casing filled with SF6 like the GIS of the fully enclosed combination GIS. The insulation of the generator can only be exposed to the air. During normal operation, the heat generated by the generator core and windings is carried away by the flowing air. When the generator heat and heat dissipation are balanced, the generator core and winding temperature are kept within a certain range of values.
  • the internal rotor of the permanent magnet direct-drive generator that relies on natural air-cooling also relies on the air invading from nature to act as a cooling medium.
  • the core and winding temperature will be higher than the temperature of the cooling medium air. After the generator is stopped, the core and winding temperature will gradually decrease. Due to the air expansion and contraction in the air gap and air gap, a large amount of air enters the generator to reach the pressure. balance. At this time, the insulation absorbs the moisture in the air and gets wet. If the air humidity is greater after the rainstorm season, the insulation of the generator is more severe.
  • the leakage current is several tens or even hundreds of times the normal value, and the insulation resistance is one-tenth of the normal value.
  • the generator insulation is very wet, and it cannot be operated without drying.
  • the insulation of the generator is severely affected by the insulation test data. In fact, in the initial stage of insulation and moisture, only the surface adsorbs moisture, and the inside of the insulation has not been damp. Compared with the insulation after being immersed in water, the moisture on the insulating surface is still trace amount, and it is much easier to dry.
  • thermal power generator sets, hydroelectric generating sets, and nuclear power units operating in the power grid are usually installed in a fixed building.
  • the plant will not be exposed to rain or snow.
  • the cooling medium (water) used in the above-mentioned generator set will be more convenient to maintain the operating conditions of the ground-operated generator set than in the case of leakage. Wind turbines on or off the sea.
  • generator cooling while taking full advantage of the convenience and superior performance conditions of air cooling in the natural environment, it is the insulation level of the insulation system of the generator that needs to be solved and tested.
  • Permanent magnet direct-drive external rotor wind turbines are exposed to the freezing environment of wind, sand, rain, snow, sun exposure or shutdown, and turbine generators, gas turbine generators and hydroelectric generators running on the ground.
  • the environmental gap is too large, especially the cost of repair work is too high, and the use of aerial work (60-120 m) cranes requires high fees. So it is even impossible to work on the ground easily into wind turbines.
  • operations in wind turbines also rely on windy weather.
  • the wind turbine drives the rotor of the generator to rotate, and the generator stator induces an electric potential to implement a three-phase short circuit at the stator outlet, and the stator is cooled by the short-circuit current to heat the stator to improve the insulation level.
  • the pitch control is indirectly controlled to control the rotor speed of the generator, thereby controlling the short-circuit current and controlling the heat generation of the windings to dry the tide.
  • These conditions depend on the weather.
  • the duration of the wind affects the drying effect.
  • the direct-drive outer rotor permanent magnet wind turbine has a large mass and requires a large amount of heat production.
  • the heat transfer time after heat generation and the mass transfer drying time at the time of flooding are several orders of magnitude. The duration and duration of the wind affect the drying effect.
  • Permanent magnet direct drive outer rotor wind turbine uses natural wind to cool the stator core bracket and the outer wall of the rotor, while a certain amount of wind in the natural environment invades the motor cavity through the generator stator rotor gap, and then the air gap along the shaft The flow is concentrated to the other end, and the deposited light is discharged from the rear end and discharged into the atmosphere.
  • Flowing through the internal gap of the motor is a gas (steam), liquid, solid multiphase flow (including air, water vapor, rain, snow, salt spray, dust, floc, etc.). They can cause deterioration of insulation performance, resulting in deterioration of electrical insulation performance and mechanical properties of the motor, reduction of residual withstand voltage level and life, and ultimately destruction of insulation.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a stator for a permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator, including a stator bracket, a stator core disposed on an outer peripheral wall of the stator bracket, a paddle side tooth pressing plate, and a paddle side wall plate.
  • a paddle side tooth pressing plate is disposed on a paddle side axial end surface of the stator core, a rotor matching the stator has a rotor sealing ring; and at least one first air hole is opened in an outer peripheral wall of the stator bracket At least one second air hole is defined in the paddle side tooth pressing plate; the stator further includes at least one air flow channel connecting the first air hole and the second air hole, the air flow channel passing through the interior of the stator core Providing at least one comb-shaped air inlet hole on a side of the paddle side panel adjacent to the rotor, wherein the comb-tooth air inlet hole and the second air hole are correspondingly connected by an air guiding tube; a first spiral comb mechanism is disposed on a side of the paddle panel adjacent to the rotor seal ring, the first spiral comb mechanism is annular in shape, and the first spiral comb mechanism and the comb feed Stomatal communication, The first helical comb mechanism has a first helical comb that protrudes into the annular
  • embodiments of the present invention also provide a permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator including a rotor and a stator as described above.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides a permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator system, A wind power generator as described above and a gas source system disposed inside the wind turbine, the gas source system being coupled to the first air hole.
  • the permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator, the system and the stator thereof can introduce the airflow inside the stator into the axial end surface of the stator core, and pass the spiral comb mechanism provided on the paddle side wall plate
  • the spiral gap is formed in the annular gap formed by the side wall and the rotor seal ring, so as to effectively resist the external harsh airflow (such as rain or snow), which makes it difficult to enter the inside of the motor, thereby prolonging the service life of the permanent magnet pole and preventing the internal components of the motor.
  • “Reduced insulation levels” reduces the risk of the motor being eroded by harsh airflows such as rain or snow and ensures insulation reliability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a stator of a permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial structural view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an air flow path inside a stator core of a permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a flow path of obtaining airflow in a stator of a permanent magnet direct-drive wind power generator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a stator of a permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a partial structural view of Figure 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an overall airflow path of a permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the paddle side is generally facing the upwind direction.
  • the upwind flow hits the generator stator bracket, it will rebound and sputter, and then collide with the rotor seal ring to reflect and accumulate, causing the airflow pressure to recover.
  • These airflows will invade into the annular air gap between the paddle and the rotor seal ring compared to the incoming flow.
  • Embodiments of the present invention are directed to this technical problem.
  • the technical principle of the embodiment of the present invention is to introduce the internal air source of the unit into the axial end surface of the stator core by using the air flow passage in the stator core of the permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator, and form a ring shape on the paddle side wall and the rotor seal ring.
  • a spiral comb mechanism is arranged at the gap, so that the spiral airflow generated by the spiral comb mechanism is used to construct a micro-positive pressure environment in the internal space formed by the combination of the stator and the rotor of the fan to resist the harsh airflow (gas, liquid, solid multiphase)
  • the flow which is the invasion of air, water vapor, rain, snow, salt spray, sand, floc, etc.
  • micro-positive pressure refers to a gas flow generated by a gas source inside the motor system, and a pressure generated at a "ring seal gap" of the stator rotor is greater than that generated by the outside flow at the inlet.
  • the pressure and pressure can make the outside air flow unable to enter the inside of the motor.
  • the above-mentioned severe airflow mainly refers to rainwater gas-liquid two-phase flow or wind-snow gas-solid two-phase flow.
  • gas, liquid and solid multiphase flows in extreme cases, such as air, water vapor, rain, snow, Salt spray, sand dust, floc, etc.
  • These severe airflows mainly occur in severe weather conditions such as rain or snow. Therefore, the apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention is mainly designed to withstand these severe airflows, and in normal dry weather, the embodiment of the present invention may not be used.
  • the device allows the dry gas stream to enter the wind turbine for drying and cooling the fan.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a stator of a permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the upper part in Fig. 1 can be defined as the paddle side (the blade side generally faces the upwind side during the operation of the fan), and the lower side is defined as the tower side (in the process of the fan operation, the tower side generally Facing the downwind side), the horizontal direction is defined as the radial direction (the radial direction centered on the entire fan), and the vertical direction is defined as the axial direction (the direction along the axis of the wind turbine).
  • the outer peripheral wall of the stator holder 1 refers to a side wall that is in contact with or adjacent to the stator core 8 or the punch fixing key 7 of the fixed stator core 8, that is, the outermost portion of the stator holder 1.
  • the stator of the permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator of the present embodiment includes a stator bracket 1, a stator core 8 disposed on the outer peripheral wall of the stator bracket 1, a paddle side tooth plate 6 and a paddle side plate 3, and paddle side teeth.
  • the pressure plate 6 is disposed on the paddle-side axial end surface of the stator core 8, and the rotor matching the stator has a rotor seal ring 16, and the stator frame 1 is cylindrical, so that at least one first can be opened on the outer peripheral wall of the stator frame 1.
  • the air vent 2 may have at least one second air hole 5 formed in the paddle side pressure plate 6.
  • the stator may further include at least one air flow passage 9 that communicates the first air hole 2 and the second air hole 5, and the air flow path 9 may pass through the inside of the stator core 8.
  • At least one comb-shaped air inlet hole 21 is disposed on a side of the paddle side panel 3 near the rotor, and the comb-tooth air inlet hole 21 and the second air hole 5 are correspondingly connected by the air guiding tube 22, and the paddle side panel 3 is
  • a first spiral comb mechanism 4 is disposed on a side of the rotor seal ring 16.
  • the first spiral comb mechanism 4 is annular in shape, and the first spiral comb mechanism 4 is connected to the comb air inlet 21, and the first spiral comb
  • the tooth mechanism 4 has a first helical comb tooth. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the first helical comb tooth projects into the annular gap formed by the paddle side wall 3 and the rotor seal ring 16 for generating in the annular gap. Spiral movement of air.
  • the air flow generated by the internal air source is introduced into the axial end surface of the stator core 8 through the first air hole 2, the air flow path 9, and the second air hole 5, and further, the paddle side wall 3 is further A comb-shaped air inlet hole 21 is provided, and the comb-tooth air inlet hole 21 and the second air hole 5 are connected by the air guiding tube 22, so that the airflow is taken out from the second air hole 5 to the first spiral comb tooth on the paddle side wall 3.
  • Mechanism 4 thereby creating a spiral flow in the annular gap.
  • the first air hole 2, the second air hole 5, and the comb air inlet hole 21 may be circular or triangular or elliptical. Further, the air holes may be air holes of other shapes or the like, and as long as the air flow can be conducted. Preferably, the air holes are circular air holes, and the circular air holes can reduce the flow resistance to the air flow.
  • the end of the rotor seal ring 16 can be suitably protruded outwardly and the end of the rotor seal ring 16 can be made relatively thin (as shown in Figure 1), thereby ensuring that the helical comb has Sufficient length to give full play to the effect of spiral diversion.
  • the airflow inside the stator can be introduced to the axial end surface of the stator core 8, and the spiral airflow is generated by the first spiral comb mechanism 4 disposed in the annular gap, since the spiral airflow itself has a certain The airtight action, therefore, creates a micro-positive pressure environment in the annular gap, thereby resisting external harsh airflow (such as rain or snow) from the annular gap between the paddle panel 3 and the rotor seal ring 16 It is not easy to enter the inside of the motor, thereby prolonging the service life of the permanent magnet pole 18, preventing the internal insulation of the motor from "insulation level", reducing the risk of the motor being eroded by harsh airflow (such as rain or snow) and ensuring insulation reliability.
  • harsh airflow such as rain or snow
  • the first helical comb mechanism 4 of the present embodiment is as shown in FIG. 2 as a whole, and FIG. 2 is a partial structural schematic view of FIG.
  • the comb-toothed air inlet 21 can be located in the middle of the first helical comb mechanism 4, centering on the comb-shaped air inlet 21, and dividing the first helical comb into two parts, wherein
  • the first spiral comb teeth on the side away from the stator bracket are referred to as first upper spiral comb teeth 41, and the first spiral comb teeth on the side close to the stator bracket are referred to as first lower helical comb teeth 42.
  • the first upper helical comb teeth 41 and the first lower helical comb teeth 42 have opposite helical directions, thereby enabling the formation of two oppositely directed air flows for better shunting and sealing.
  • the first upper helical comb 41 is inclined away from the stator holder, and the first lower helical comb 42 is inclined toward the stator holder.
  • the inclination of the helical comb will change the direction of the force acting on the airflow, thereby increasing the rate of advancement of the helically moving airflow in the oblique direction of the helical comb, in combination with the opposite characteristics of the upper and lower helical combs, thereby enabling the formation of two
  • the spiral motion of the strands is opposite and accelerates the traveling airflow in the upper and lower directions, thereby forming a reverse double spiral seal, which greatly increases the sealing effect of the spiral comb teeth.
  • the fan will also drive the upper and lower airflows in two directions, which can further improve the reverse double helix sealing effect.
  • the overall movement of the airflow can be divided into a helical motion substantially along the circumferential direction of the stator and a linear motion substantially along the direction of the stator axis.
  • the spiral direction of the airflow will be substantially perpendicular to the paper surface.
  • a horizontal plane ie, the plane where the comb teeth 23 are located in the middle of FIG. 2
  • the airflow will travel in the form of a spiral motion to the upper and lower directions of FIG.
  • a first middle comb tooth 23 may be disposed on the comb air inlet hole 21, A middle comb 23 is disposed on the comb inlet opening 21, and the first middle comb 23 diverts the airflow from the comb inlet 21 (as shown in Figures 1 and 2).
  • the comb air inlet hole 21 is partitioned into two upper and lower air flow outlets, that is, an upper air flow outlet 211 and a lower air flow outlet 212), so that a part of the airflow flows through the first upper spiral comb 41 in a direction away from the stator support 1, and another part of the airflow passes.
  • the first lower spiral comb 42 flows in a direction approaching the stator holder 1.
  • first middle comb tooth 23 is not an essential component, and the comb tooth inlet hole 21 may directly face the first upper spiral comb 41 and the first lower spiral comb 42, that is, the first middle portion may be omitted.
  • the comb teeth 23 have a portion of the comb-toothed air inlet 21 facing the starting end of the first upper helical comb 41 and another portion facing the starting end of the first lower helical comb 42 so that the air flow can also be split.
  • the first middle comb teeth 23 it is possible to reduce the loss in the airflow pressure and the flow velocity, and to better isolate the upper and lower spiral airflows.
  • the air flow from the internal air source is divided into two air flows centering on the comb air intake hole 21.
  • the first lower helical comb 42 can generate a downwardly moving airflow along the entire annular slot, and this airflow passes through the first lower helical comb 42 to form a "pressure airflow annular barrier" by means of "Combined spiral comb seal” (the labyrinth seal of the spiral structure of the first lower spiral comb 42 with an inclined angle) to actively resist the "gas-liquid solid" from the upwind direction and the wind direction to the annular gap of the motor Phase flow.”
  • Combined spiral comb seal the labyrinth seal of the spiral structure of the first lower spiral comb 42 with an inclined angle
  • the first upper spiral comb 41 can generate a gas flow moving upward along the entire annular slit spiral, and the air flow passes through the first upper spiral comb 41 to assist the pressure sealing airflow to establish sufficient pressure to constitute "
  • the motor air gap is entered by means of a "combined helical comb seal" ("the labyrinth seal of the first upper helical comb 41 with a helical structure with an oblique angle") (ie the right side of Figure 1)
  • the air gap between the stator and rotor to dry the inner surface of the motor, and then axially gathered on the side of the stator end of the nacelle (ie between the tower side tooth plate 10 and the rotor end cover 19), and finally through the end cap seal ring
  • the annular gap between the 20 and the tower side panels 11 is discharged into the atmosphere.
  • This upward spiral airflow is a drying airflow for convective heat transfer and mass transfer, which is used to take away the moisture of the stator, the rotor surface and the magnetic pole surface (the moisture inside the motor due to the heat generated by the winding), thus preventing the moisture from returning to In the motor, thereby preventing the return moisture from damaging the insulation of the internal insulation of the motor.
  • the spiral direction of the first upper spiral comb 41 can be the same as the rotational direction of the rotor.
  • the air flow of the rotary comb teeth can utilize the rotation of the rotor seal ring 16 to accelerate the spiral motion of the air flow by the friction between the rotor seal ring 16 and the air flow, so that the air flow can accelerate upward movement, Higher speeds reach and pass through the air gap between the stator and the rotor (the gap on the right side of Figure 1 indicates the passage of the arrow of the airflow), which improves the drying efficiency of the motor.
  • it enables the airflow to enter the stator and rotor.
  • the effect of the dry rotor permanent magnet magnetic pole protection anti-corrosion glass fiber reinforced resin coating is further strengthened; at the same time, the surface of the drying stator is strengthened, which promotes the higher drying air flow field and the humid air concentration field in the motor cavity and the air gap.
  • the degree of synergy achieves the purpose of strengthening the drying.
  • the pumping head (the end of the spiral comb) generated by the lower “combined spiral comb seal” (ie, the first upper spiral comb 41) is downward in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the upper “combined spiral comb seal” produces a pumping head that is upwardly facing, and can set the spiral directions of the first upper spiral comb 41 and the first lower spiral comb 42 to the opposite direction, that is, The spirals of opposite directions are formed at the ends of the first middle comb teeth 23, so that the airflow in the opposite direction of the spiral motion is generated, thereby facilitating the splitting of the two air flows and enhancing the effect of the labyrinth seal, and
  • the airflows from the two airflow outlets are continuous at the respective circumferences, which facilitates "gathering" to form a uniform circumferential pressure airflow.
  • the air pressure sealing technology is used, and the pressure of the jet air in the spiral comb is used to establish a "local ring" in the annular gap between the wind on the wind inlet of the open motor. Space” and “micro-positive pressure” to block the gap between the rotating part and the stationary part of the generator to prevent the wind from flowing into the gap to the air flow to ensure the seal.
  • the pressure generated by the gas source at this seal is higher than the pressure of the natural environment outside the motor.
  • the sealing mechanism includes two types of sealing states, a static seal and a dynamic seal, from the sealing state, and the sealing mechanism includes a combination of three sealing principles of comb teeth, spirals, and air pressure, so that the sealing mechanism can be sufficiently The phase airflow is shielded outside the annular air gap.
  • the upwind air flow carrying rainwater (or snow) impinges on the wind turbine and after passing through the stator enclosure and the rotor seal ring 16 (the enclosure), it reaches the ring between the paddle coaming plate 3 and the rotor seal ring 16.
  • the gap, the rainwater gas-liquid two-phase flow or the wind-air gas-solid two-phase flow forms a pressure in the annular gap of the upper wind of the generator.
  • an "open loop spiral confluence chamber” is constructed to function as a confluent pressure of the parent tube 13.
  • Helical comb combination pressure The seal relies on sufficient pressure from the gas source to produce a high velocity gas stream, and the outlet flow rate and flow rate are controllable to accommodate changes in the upwind flow velocity. That is: the pressure of the air pressure seal can be automatically adjusted according to the need to achieve "adaptive” adjustment, so as to achieve the purpose of less power consumption of the gas source.
  • the air guiding tube connecting the comb air inlet hole 21 and the second air hole 5 can have the following two forms:
  • the air guiding tube 22 is annular in its entirety, that is, in the same manner as the first helical comb mechanism 4, the air guiding tube 22 extends along the circumference of the paddle side tooth pressing plate 6, and has a 360-degree annular shape.
  • Such a configuration can uniformly mix the airflows flowing out of the plurality of second air holes 5 in the circumferential direction and then feed them into the comb-tooth intake holes 21, so that the airflow entering the comb-tooth-inlet holes 21 can be made uniform in the circumferential direction.
  • the comb air inlet hole 21 and the second air hole 5 are connected by a plurality of air guiding tubes 22 separated from each other.
  • This configuration does not require the formation of an annular air duct 22, which is relatively simple in the manufacture of the components.
  • the air guiding tube 22 can be determined according to the number of the second air holes 5. As shown in the following, the number of air flow channels is 48, and correspondingly, the number of air guiding tubes 22 can be correspondingly set to 48.
  • the air flow passage 9 inside the stator core 8 is used to introduce a gas source provided by the air source system 12 inside the stator to at least one second air hole 5 opened in the paddle side tooth pressure plate 6.
  • FIG. 3 it is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG.
  • a punching fixing key 7 is fixed on the outer peripheral wall of the stator holder 1, and the stator core 8 (the stator core 8 is composed of a multi-flap core module, each core module is composed of a core lamination) has a dovetail groove, and the dovetail sleeve It is provided on the punch fixing key 7, so that the stator core 8 is fixed to the outer peripheral wall of the stator holder 1.
  • the first air hole 2 may be located on the outer peripheral wall of the stator holder 1 which is in contact with the punch fixing key 7, and the air flow path 9 may communicate with the first air hole 2 through the air hole of the punch fixing key 7.
  • the air flow passage 9 may include a radial air flow passage 92 and an axial air flow passage 91, and the radial air flow passage 92 may pass through the inside of the punch fixing key 7 and the stator core 8, one end of the radial air flow passage 92.
  • the first air hole 2 is connected to the first air hole 2, and the other end is connected to the axial air flow path 91.
  • the axial air flow path 91 can communicate with the second air hole 5 through the inside of the stator core 8 in the axial direction.
  • the radial air flow passage 92 and the axial air flow passage 91 may be directly connected or may be connected after being bent anyway. In short, the radial air flow passage 92 and the axial air flow passage 91 may be connected.
  • first air hole 2, the second air hole 5, and the air flow path 9 may be plural and equal in number, and are equally disposed along the circumference.
  • the plurality of first air holes 2, the second air holes 5 and the air flow channel 9 are correspondingly connected to each other to form a plurality of independent air flow paths from the inner wall of the stator support 1 to the paddle side pressure plate 6.
  • the radial air flow passage 92 is turned 90 degrees inside the stator core 8 into the axial air flow passage 91, which is parallel to the stator axial direction of the motor. As shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 it is a schematic diagram of an air flow path inside a stator core of a permanent magnet direct-drive wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the radial air flow channel and the axial air flow channel are in one-to-one correspondence, and only the figure is shown in the figure.
  • the embodiment of the present invention has a plurality of air flow passages.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an air flow path inside a stator core of a permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • a total of 48 airflow channels are provided, their lengths (L 1 , L 2 ... L 48 ) / inner diameters (d 1 , d 2 ... d 48 ) / absolute roughness ( ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ... ⁇ 48 )
  • the same is true, and the circumferential spacing is also uniform.
  • the air source in the air supply system 12 inside the wind turbine may be taken from a pneumatic generating device in the nacelle.
  • the gas source system 12 can withstand the intrusion of wind and rain "gas-liquid two-phase flow” and wind and snow "gas-solid two-phase flow” during rain and snow weather; the gas source system 12 works during the time period required to dry the motor, so that it is sufficient Drying the generator stator insulation and the rotor pole protection layer reduces the energy consumption of the air source.
  • the air flow passage 9 provided in the stator is connected to the air supply system 12 through the first air hole 2, and the air source inside the wind turbine is led into the air flow passage 9.
  • the gas source system 12 may include a gas source generating device that generates a predetermined pressure gas stream and a gas source processing device that can purify and dry the gas stream.
  • the gas source generating device may be an air compressor, and the air compressor (or compressor) is a gas pressure generating device, which is a machine for increasing the pressure of the air or conveying the air, and is also a kind of converting the mechanical energy supplied by the prime mover into the air pressure energy. Conversion device.
  • the air compressor or compressor
  • the air in the cylinder of the compressor is rapidly compressed, and the process of rapidly compressing the gas is an exothermic process, which inevitably causes the temperature of the cylinder of the compressor to rise, and therefore, cooling is generally required.
  • the exhaust temperature can reach 140-170 °C. At such high temperature, compressed air is often mixed with certain gaseous oil and water vapor.
  • the gas source treatment device may further include an air filter, a cooler, a water separator, and a dryer. Among them, the air has passed The filter is used to filter the gas before entering the air compressor cylinder (ie, the dust and other impurities contained in the air in the filter cabin), and is used to prevent dust, solid impurities, etc. in the air from entering the air compressor, resulting in the air compressor cylinder. Friction and wear of relatively moving parts in the middle.
  • oil-water separator gas-liquid separator
  • gas-liquid separator is used to further separate the oil and moisture contained in the compressed air, so that the compressed air is subjected to preliminary purification treatment for eliminating oil and moisture to the stator support of the motor and its core. Pollution and corrosion inside the flow channel and generator.
  • the compressed air passes through the cooler and the water separator, it still contains a certain amount of water, and its content depends on the temperature, pressure and relative humidity of the air. Dry air is required in the motor, so an air drying device, that is, a dryer, is required.
  • FIG. 5 it is a stator airflow acquisition path of the permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and the air source system 12 can be connected to the first air hole 2 through the mother pipe 13 and the branch pipe 14.
  • the branch pipe 14 having the same number as the first air hole 2 can be taken out from the mother pipe 13, and the branch pipe 14 is correspondingly connected to the first air hole 2.
  • the mother tube 13 is preferably circular or segmented, so that the resistance to the flow of the airflow can be reduced.
  • stator coil is used as the drying heat source, and can also be applied in the shutdown state. It is necessary to feed the generator stator through the grid through the converter inverter unit, so that the stator generates heat to dry the internal structure and internal materials of the stator.
  • the moisture inside the stator discharges moisture to the surface of the stator through the heat generated by the stator itself, and then the moisture is taken away from the surface of the stator by the dry air from the internal air source system 12, thereby reaching the stator. The effect of simultaneous dehumidification inside and outside.
  • the airflow in the cabin is filtered and dried by the air source system 12, and then sent to the first air hole 2 on the stator support 1.
  • the airflow passes through the first air hole 2 through the punch fixing key 7 into the radial air flow passage 92 of the stator core 8.
  • the air flow is transferred to the axial air flow passage 91 along the radial air flow passage 92, and then the axial air flow passage 91 passes through the second air hole 5 on the paddle side tooth plate 6, and then the air flow is introduced into the paddle side plate 3 through the air duct 22.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a stator of a permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a partial structural diagram of FIG.
  • the stator further includes a tower side tooth pressing plate 10 and a tower side wrapping plate 11, and the tower side tooth pressing plate 10 is disposed on the tower side axial end surface of the stator core 8, and correspondingly, the rotor bracket 15 further has an end cover.
  • An annular gap is formed between the seal ring 20, the end cap seal ring 20 and the tower side shroud 11.
  • a second spiral comb mechanism 24 is further disposed on a side of the paddle panel 3 adjacent to the rotor seal ring 16, the second spiral comb mechanism 24 is annular as a whole, and the second helical comb mechanism 24 has a second spiral comb.
  • the tooth 241, the second spiral comb tooth 241 protrudes into the annular gap formed by the paddle side wall 3 and the rotor seal ring 16 for generating a spirally moving air flow in the annular gap, thereby the end cap seal ring 20 and the tower side
  • a “pressure airflow annular barrier” is constructed in the annular gap formed between the panels 11 to prevent external harsh airflow from entering the interior of the fan.
  • the airflow passing through the first upper helical comb 41 will enter the air gap of the motor (ie, the air gap between the stator and rotor on the right side of FIG. 1) to dry the internal surface of the motor, and then It is collected in the axial direction on the side of the stator end of the nacelle (that is, between the tower side tooth pressure plate 10 and the rotor end cover 19), and finally discharged into the atmosphere through the annular gap between the end cap seal ring 20 and the tower side coaming plate 11. .
  • the second helical comb mechanism 24 in this embodiment acts on the airflow.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the overall airflow path of the permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • a dry airflow is generated by the air source system 12 disposed in the nacelle, and passes through the airflow passage inside the stator core 8 to reach the first spiral comb mechanism 4 having the bidirectional helical comb teeth on the stator enclosure.
  • the dry airflow is split into two paths here, one way facing the outside of the motor, forming a pressure airflow annular spiral flow barrier for blocking the external bad airflow, and the other direction upwards toward the inside of the motor, flowing through the motor air gap, carrying the moisture on the motor surface. (including moisture oozing from the inside), forming wet air, which is extruded from the second helical comb mechanism 24 having the unidirectional helical comb teeth on the motor tower side.
  • the present embodiment relates to a permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator including a rotor and the stator according to the first embodiment or the second embodiment.
  • the embodiment further provides a permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator system, which includes the above wind power generator and a gas source system 12 disposed inside the wind turbine, and the gas source system 12 can be connected to the first air hole 2.
  • a permanent magnet direct drive wind power generator system which includes the above wind power generator and a gas source system 12 disposed inside the wind turbine, and the gas source system 12 can be connected to the first air hole 2.
  • the air source system 12 and the components associated with the air source system 12 are also described in the foregoing first embodiment, and are not described herein again.

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Abstract

一种永磁直驱风力发电机、系统及其定子，其中，定子包括定子支架（1）、定子铁心（8）、桨侧齿压板（6）以及桨侧围板（3），桨侧齿压板（6）设置在定子铁心（8）的桨侧轴向端面上，在定子支架（1）的外周壁上开有第一气孔（2），在桨侧齿压板（6）上开设有第二气孔（5），定子还包括联通第一气孔（2）和第二气孔（5）的气流通道（9），气流通道（9）穿过定子铁心(8)的内部，在桨侧围板（3）上设置有梳齿进气孔（21），梳齿进气孔（21）与第二气孔（5）之间通过导气管（22）连接，在桨侧围板（3）上设置有整体上呈环形的、与梳齿进气孔（21）联通的第一螺旋梳齿机构（4），第一螺旋梳齿位于桨侧围板（4）和转子密封环（16）形成的环形缝隙中。该结构实现了对桨侧围板（3）和转子密封环（16）形成的环形缝隙进行"多相"气流密封。

Description

永磁直驱风力发电机、系统及其定子 技术领域
本发明涉及永磁直驱风力发电机、系统及其定子，属于风电技术领域。
背景技术
现有技术中开启式永磁直驱外转子风力发电机，依靠自然风冷，开启结构利于自然通风换热，助于磁极使用永磁材料防止温升超标后的磁性降低，但是发电机通常暴露在极端恶劣的环境(暴露在风、霜、雨、雪、沙尘、盐雾等)条件下。
空冷式发电机绝缘容易受潮是由于它的运行状态和结构决定的。因为发电机的绝缘只能采用固体绝缘介质，嵌放在铁心槽内，不能像变压器那样浸放在绝缘油中，也不能像全封闭组合电器GIS一样，密封在充满SF6的密闭金属外壳中，发电机的绝缘只能暴露在空气中。正常运行过程中，发电机铁心、绕组产生的热量要靠流动的空气带走。当发电机产热和散热达到平衡时，发电机铁心、绕组温度保持在一定数值范围之内。发电机正常运行时，依靠自然风冷的外转子永磁直驱发电机内部也依靠从自然界侵入的空气充当冷却介质。铁心、绕组温度会比冷却介质空气的温度高，发电机停运后，铁心、绕组温度逐渐降低，由于空隙、气隙内空气热胀冷缩的作用，发电机内进入大量的空气以达到压力平衡。这时绝缘吸收空气中的水分而受潮，若在雷雨季节，雨后空气湿度更大，发电机绝缘受潮就更为严重。发电机绝缘受潮后，泄漏电流是正常值的几十倍甚至几百倍，绝缘电阻是正常值的几十分之一。从数据分析，发电机绝缘受潮很严重，不经过干燥处理，是不能运行的。发电机绝缘受潮严重，是从绝缘的测试数据角度来讲的。其实，绝缘受潮初期，只是表面吸附了水分，绝缘内部还没有受潮，与绝缘受到水浸后相比较，绝缘表面的水分还是微量的，干燥起来也容易得多。
电机的绝缘在空气湿度很大时，受潮导致绝缘电阻的降低需要很短的时间，一天甚至几个小时。这就要求雨天必须抵制雨水进入发电机内、或雨后及时将电机内湿空气带走。
对于开启式机舱外风力发电机若采用接触式密封，在非雨、雪时段 的干燥时间里就无法依靠相对干燥的气流对电机内部进行长期直接冷却。
目前，运行在电网里的火力发电机组、水力发电机组、核电机组通常设置在一个固定的厂房内。通常，厂房内不会遭受雨、雪的侵入。即使水电机组在经受洪水淹没的情况下，上述发电机组采用的冷却介质(水)在发生泄露的情况下，地面运行的发电机组的运行条件维护的便利性都远远好于风电场运行的陆上或海上风力发电机组。发电机冷却方面，在充分利用自然环境中的风冷的便利和性能优越条件的同时，需要解决和要经受考验的是发电机的绝缘体系的绝缘水平。永磁直驱外转子风力发电机常年暴露在风、沙、雨、雪、太阳暴晒或停机后的冰冻环境之中，与地面运行的汽轮发电机、燃气轮发电机、水轮发电机所处的环境差距太大，尤其是有的修复工作成本太高，高空作业(60-120米)吊车使用需要费用高额支付。所以在地面上容易开展的工作到风力发电机里甚至就变得不可能。另一方面，风力发电机组中的操作还依赖于有风天气。风轮机带动发电机转子转动，发电机定子感应出电势，才可在定子出口实施三相短路，依靠短路电流产热来干燥定子，提高绝缘水平。同时还需根据当时风速大小，实施变桨间接控制发电机转子转速，进而控制短路电流，控制绕组产热来烘潮，这些条件都依赖于天气。况且风的持续长短影响着烘潮效果，直驱外转子永磁风力发电机质量大，产热需要量极大，产热后热传导时间和驱潮时的质量传递干燥时间都是若干小时数量级，风的持续性时间长短、间断性都影响着烘潮效果。
发明人在实际操作中发现现有技术存在以下缺陷：
(1)永磁直驱外转子风力发电机使用自然风去冷却定子铁心支架和转子外壁，同时一定数量的自然环境中的风经发电机定子转子间隙侵入电机腔体，再由气隙沿轴向流到另一端聚集，沉积后轻的空气从后端密封挤出排入大气。流经电机内部空隙的是气(汽)、液、固多相流(其中有空气、水蒸气、雨、雪、盐雾、沙尘、絮状物等)。它们能够引起绝缘性能恶化，导致电机绝缘电气性能、机械性能劣化，剩余耐压水平和寿命减少，最终导致绝缘的破坏。
(2)以上都是地面发电机组作业，在60-120米的高空作业，包括实现各种功能，尤其是机舱开展检修工作，通常人力物力所不能及，甚至变得不可能。风力发电机密封、干燥措施及其维护(检修、更换)与 地面运行的火力发电、水力发电的发电机工作难度相差甚远。一些地面使用的好方法对于在高空运行的风力发电机组却不便开展、甚至难以适用。
(3)单独依靠上述通热风干燥方法只是表面干燥技术，解决不了定子铁心内部叠片层间受潮后的干燥需求。
(4)采用开启式结构是不能抵御风雨交加的天气或风雪交加的天气里空气携带雨、或雪侵入发电机的危害，“绝缘水平降低”为发电机冷却付出了代价。
(5)停机后，发电机腔体内、气隙内湿空气冷凝渗入电机，会导致电机定子，永磁磁极表面覆层受潮，会影响它们的使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明实施例的目的在于提供一种永磁直驱风力发电机、系统及其定子，以实现对桨侧围板和所述转子密封环形成的环形缝隙进行“多相”气流密封。
为达到上述目的，本发明的实施例提供了一种永磁直驱风力发电机的定子，包括定子支架、设置在定子支架的外周壁的定子铁心、桨侧齿压板以及桨侧围板，所述桨侧齿压板设置在所述定子铁心的桨侧轴向端面上，与所述定子匹配的转子具有转子密封环；在所述定子支架的外周壁上开有至少一个第一气孔，在所述桨侧齿压板上开设有至少一个第二气孔；所述定子还包括有联通所述第一气孔和所述第二气孔的至少一个气流通道，所述气流通道穿过所述定子铁心的内部；在所述桨侧围板的靠近所述转子的一侧设置有至少一个梳齿进气孔，所述梳齿进气孔与所述第二气孔之间通过导气管对应连接；在所述桨侧围板的靠近所述转子密封环的一侧设置有第一螺旋梳齿机构，所述第一螺旋梳齿机构整体上呈环形，所述第一螺旋梳齿机构与所述梳齿进气孔联通，所述第一螺旋梳齿机构具有第一螺旋梳齿，所述第一螺旋梳齿伸出到所述桨侧围板和所述转子密封环形成的环形缝隙中，用于在所述环形缝隙中产生螺旋运动的气流。
此外，本发明的实施例还提供了一种永磁直驱风力发电机，包括转子以及如上所述的定子。
另外，本发明的实施例还提供了一种永磁直驱风力发电机系统， 包括如上所述的风力发电机以及设置在风电机组内部的气源系统，所述气源系统与所述第一气孔连接。
本发明实施例的永磁直驱风力发电机、系统及其定子，能够将定子内部的气流引入到定子铁心的轴向端面上，并且通过设置在桨侧围板上的螺旋梳齿机构在桨侧围板和转子密封环形成的环形缝隙中形成螺旋气流，从而有效地抵御外界恶劣气流(例如雨或雪)使之不易进入电机内部，从而能够延长永磁磁极的使用寿命，防止电机内部器件“绝缘水平降低”，降低电机受恶劣气流(例如雨或雪)侵蚀的风险以及使绝缘可靠性能得到保证。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一的永磁直驱风力发电机的定子结构示意图；
图2为图1的局部结构示意图；
图3为图1中沿A-A向的截面示意图；
图4为本发明实施例一的永磁直驱风力发电机的定子铁心内部的气流路径示意图；
图5为本发明实施例一的永磁直驱风力发电机的定子内气流获取路径；
图6为本发明实施例二的永磁直驱风力发电机的定子结构示意图；
图7为图6的局部结构示意图；
图8为本发明实施例的永磁直驱风力发电机的整体气流路径示意图。
附图标号说明：
1-定子支架；2-第一气孔；3-桨侧围板；4-第一螺旋梳齿机构；41-第一上部螺旋梳齿；42-第一下部螺旋梳齿；5-第二气孔；6-桨侧齿压板；7-冲片固定键；8-定子铁心；9-气流通道；91-轴向通道；92-径向通道；10-塔侧齿压板；11-塔侧围板；12-气源系统；13-母管；14-支管；15-转子支架；16-转子密封环；17-绕组；18-磁极；19-转子端盖；20-端盖密封环；21-梳齿进气孔；211-上部气流出口；212-下部气流出口；22-导气管；23-第一中部梳齿；24-第二螺旋梳齿机构；241-第二螺旋梳齿。
具体实施方式
首先，对本发明实施例的应用环境以及技术原理进行概括性介绍。
在风机的工作过程中，桨侧一般是正对上风向，上风向来流撞击发电机定子支架会发生反弹、溅射，再与转子密封环撞击后反射、蓄积，引起气流压力恢复性升高(相比来流时)，这些气流将会向桨侧围板与转子密封环之间的环状气隙内入侵。
本发明的实施例正是针对这一技术问题而提出的。本发明实施例的技术原理是利用永磁直驱风力发电机定子铁心内的气流通道将机组内部气源引入到定子铁心的轴向端面上，并且在桨侧围板和转子密封环形成的环形缝隙处设置螺旋梳齿机构，从而在风机的定子和转子组合后形成的内部空间中依靠螺旋梳齿机构产生的螺旋气流构建微正压环境，来抵御外界恶劣气流(气、液、固多相流，其中有空气、水蒸气、雨、雪、盐雾、沙尘、絮状物等)的入侵。本发明实施例所说的“微正压”是指通过电机系统内部的气源所产生的气流，在定转子“环状密封间隙”处产生的压力大于外界的来流在此入口处产生的压力，压力的大小能够使得外界的气流无法进入电机内部即可。其中，上述的恶劣气流主要是指雨水气液两相流或风雪气固两相流，当然极端情况下也存在气、液、固多相流，例如有空气、水蒸气、雨、雪、盐雾、沙尘、絮状物等。这些恶劣气流主要出现于雨或雪等恶劣的天气状况下，因此，本发明实施例的装置主要是为了抵御这些恶劣气流而设计的，而在正常干燥的天气下，可以不使用本发明实施例的装置，而让干燥气流进入风力发电机中，用于对风机进行干燥、冷却。
下面将结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细描述。
实施例一
如图1所示，其为本发明实施例一的永磁直驱风力发电机的定子结构示意图。为了便于描述可以将图1中的上方定义为桨侧(在风机工作的过程中，桨侧一般会面对上风侧)，将下方定义为塔侧(在风机工作的过程中，塔侧一般会面对下风侧)，水平方向定义为径向(以整个风机为中心而言的径向)，竖直方向定义为轴向(沿着风力发电机的转轴的方向)。此外，定子支架1的外周壁是指与定子铁心8或者固定定子铁心8的冲片固定键7相接或者相邻的侧壁，即定子支架1的最外侧的部分。
本实施例的永磁直驱风力发电机的定子包括定子支架1、设置在定子支架1外周壁的定子铁心8、桨侧齿压板6以及桨侧围板3，桨侧齿 压板6设置在定子铁心8的桨侧轴向端面上，与定子匹配的转子具有转子密封环16，定子支架1为圆筒状，因此在定子支架1的外周壁上可以开有至少一个第一气孔2，在桨侧齿压板6上可以开设有至少一个第二气孔5。定子还可以包括有联通第一气孔2和第二气孔5的至少一个气流通道9，气流通道9可以穿过定子铁心8的内部。
在桨侧围板3的靠近转子的一侧设置有至少一个梳齿进气孔21，梳齿进气孔21与第二气孔5之间通过导气管22对应连接，在桨侧围板3的靠近转子密封环16的一侧设置有第一螺旋梳齿机构4，第一螺旋梳齿机构4整体上呈环形，第一螺旋梳齿机构4与梳齿进气孔21联通，第一螺旋梳齿机构4具有第一螺旋梳齿，如图1和图2所示，第一螺旋梳齿伸出到桨侧围板3和转子密封环16形成的环形缝隙中，用于在环形缝隙中产生螺旋运动的气流。
在上述结构中，通过第一气孔2、气流通道9以及第二气孔5实现了将内部气源产生的气流引入到定子铁心8的轴向端面上，进一步地，在桨侧围板3上还设置有梳齿进气孔21，梳齿进气孔21与第二气孔5之间通过导气管22连接，从而将气流从第二气孔5引出到桨侧围板3上的第一螺旋梳齿机构4，从而在环形缝隙中产生螺旋气流。
其中，第一气孔2、第二气孔5以及梳齿进气孔21可以为圆形也可以为三角形、椭圆形。此外，气孔也可以为其它形状的导气孔等，总之，只要是能够导通气流即可。优选地，上述气孔为圆形气孔，圆形气孔能减少对气流的流动沿程阻力。
在实际的应用中，可以将转子密封环16的端部适当的向外突出并且将转子密封环16的端部制作得相对较薄(如图1中所示)，从而能够保证螺旋梳齿具有足够的长度，充分发挥螺旋导流的效果。
通过本实施例的定子结构，能够将定子内部的气流引入到定子铁心8的轴向端面上，进而通过设置在环形缝隙中的第一螺旋梳齿机构4产生螺旋气流，由于螺旋气流本身具有一定的气密作用，因此，能够在环形缝隙中产生微正压环境，从而抵御从桨侧围板3和转子密封环16之间的环形缝隙侵入的外界恶劣气流(例如雨或雪等)，使之不易进入电机内部，从而能够延长永磁磁极18的使用寿命，防止电机内部器件“绝缘水平降低”，降低电机受恶劣气流(例如雨或雪等)侵蚀的风险以及使得绝缘可靠性能得到保证。
下面将对本发明实施例的定子涉及的相关部分进行详细说明。
(1)螺旋梳齿机构。
本实施例的第一螺旋梳齿机构4整体上如图2所示，图2为图1的局部结构示意图。在图2中可以看出，梳齿进气孔21可以位于第一螺旋梳齿机构4的中部，以梳齿进气孔21为中心，将第一螺旋梳齿分为两部分，其中，将远离定子支架一侧的第一螺旋梳齿称为第一上部螺旋梳齿41，将靠近定子支架一侧的第一螺旋梳齿称为第一下部螺旋梳齿42。
优选地，第一上部螺旋梳齿41和第一下部螺旋梳齿42的螺旋方向相反，从而能够形成旋向相反的两股气流，起到更好的分流以及密封的作用。
进一步地，从图2的截面图中可以看出，第一上部螺旋梳齿41向远离定子支架的方向倾斜，第一下部螺旋梳齿42向靠近定子支架的方向倾斜。螺旋梳齿的倾角将会改变对气流的作用力的方向，从而增大了螺旋运动的气流向着螺旋梳齿的倾斜方向的前进速率，配合上下螺旋梳齿旋向相反的特征，从而能够形成两股螺旋运动方向相反并且沿着上下两个方向加速行进的气流，从而形成反向双螺旋密封，大大增加螺旋梳齿的密封效果。此外，风机在工作中由于转子的运动，也会将上下两股气流向两个方向驱赶，能够进一步提高反向双螺旋密封效果。
具体来说，在第一螺旋梳齿机构4的部分，气流的整体运动可以划分为大致沿着定子的圆周方向的螺旋运动和大致沿着定子轴线方向的直线运动。结合图2来说，如果图2中的所有螺旋梳齿均为水平设置(这里所说的水平是只在图2所示的平面中)，则气流的螺旋方向将会大致在与纸面垂直的并且呈水平的平面上(即图2中部梳齿23所在的平面)，同时气流将以螺旋运动的形式向图2的上下两个方向行进，而当螺旋梳齿方向不是水平方向而是具有一定的倾斜角度时，如第一上部螺旋梳齿41为向上倾斜，则向图2上方行进的气流的螺旋运动将不再是水平的，螺旋运动的倾角朝向远离定子支架的方向，同理，第一下部螺旋梳齿42产生螺旋运动的倾角朝向靠近定子支架的方向的气流，这样的设计能够加速气流向流动的方向前进，并且能够起到更好抵御外界气流的作用。
进一步地，在梳齿进气孔21上还可以设置有第一中部梳齿23，第 一中部梳齿23设置在梳齿进气孔21上，第一中部梳齿23将从梳齿进气孔21的气流进行分流(如图1和图2所示)第一中部梳齿23将梳齿进气孔21分隔为上下两个气流出口，即上部气流出口211和下部气流出口212)，使得一部分气流通过第一上部螺旋梳齿41向远离定子支架1的方向流动，另一部分气流通过第一下部螺旋梳齿42向靠近定子支架1的方向流动。
需要说明的是，第一中部梳齿23不是必须部件，也可以使梳齿进气孔21直接面对第一上部螺旋梳齿41和第一下部螺旋梳齿42，即可以省略第一中部梳齿23，使梳齿进气孔21的一部分对着第一上部螺旋梳齿41的起始端，另一部分对着第一下部螺旋梳齿42的起始端，从而也能够将气流进行分流。只不过，在设置第一中部梳齿23的情况下，能够减少气流压力和流速上的损失，将上下两股螺旋气流更好地隔离。
在上述的第一螺旋梳齿机构4中，以梳齿进气孔21为中心，来自内部气源的气流会分为两股气流。
一方面，通过第一下部螺旋梳齿42能够产生沿着整个环形缝隙螺旋向下运动的气流，这股气流经过第一下部螺旋梳齿42后，构成“压力气流环状屏障”，借助“组合螺旋梳齿密封”(第一下部螺旋梳齿42的带有倾斜角度的螺旋结构特征的迷宫密封)去主动抵御来自上风向、欲进入电机上风向环状间隙的“气液固多相流”。
另一方面，通过第一上部螺旋梳齿41能够产生沿着整个环形缝隙螺旋向上运动的气流，这股气流经过第一上部螺旋梳齿41后，用于辅助压力密封气流建立足够压力、构成“压力气流环状屏障”的同时，借助“组合螺旋梳齿密封”(“第一上部螺旋梳齿41的带有倾斜角度的螺旋结构特征的迷宫密封”)进入电机气隙(即图1右侧的定转子之间的气隙)，去干燥电机内部表面，然后再沿轴向汇集在定子端部机舱侧(即塔侧齿压板10与转子端盖19之间)，最后经端盖密封环20与塔侧围板11之间的环状间隙排入大气环境中。这股向上的螺旋气流是作为对流换热传质的干燥用气流，用于带走定子、转子表面、磁极表面的潮气(电机内部由于绕组产热而排出的潮气)，这样能够防止潮气返回到电机中，从而防止返回的潮气破坏电机的内部绝缘材料的绝缘性。
进一步地，还可以将第一上部螺旋梳齿41的螺旋方向设计成与转子的旋转方向相同。通过这样的设计，能够更加有效地利用经过上部螺 旋梳齿的这股气流，一方面，可以利用转子密封环16的旋转作用，通过转子密封环16与气流之间的摩擦力对气流的螺旋运动进行加速，使得气流能够加速向上运动，能够以更高的速度到达并经过定子与转子之间的气隙(图1右侧有表示气流的箭头通过的缝隙)，提高对电机的干燥效率，另一方面，能够使得气流在进入定子与转子之间的气隙时，进一步强化干燥转子永磁磁极防护防腐玻璃纤维增强树脂覆层的作用；同时强化干燥定子表面，促成电机腔体内、气隙内干燥空气流场与湿空气浓度场的较高的协同度，达到强化干燥的目的。
进一步需要说明的是，下方的“组合螺旋梳齿密封”(即第一上部螺旋梳齿41)产生的泵送压头(螺旋梳齿的端部)在图1和图2中是朝下的，上方的“组合螺旋梳齿密封”产生的泵送压头是朝上的，并且可将第一上部螺旋梳齿41和第一下部螺旋梳齿42的螺旋方向设置为相反方向，即可以以第一中部梳齿23为界两端形成旋向相反的螺旋，从而将产生螺旋运动方向相反的气流，从而更加有利于对两个气流进行分流，并且增强迷宫密封的作用，并且由于从上下两个气流出口出来的气流在各自环周是贯通的，利于“聚压”形成环周一致的压力气流。
综上所述，在本发明实施例的技术方案中，使用气压密封技术思想，利用螺旋梳齿内射流空气的压力在开启式电机上风向进风口内之间的环状间隙，建立“局部环形空间”和“微正压”，来封堵发电机旋转部件与静止部件之间的间隙，防止上风向空气流携带雨水或雪进入该间隙，以保证密封。气源在此密封处产生的压力要比电机外自然环境压力偏高。建立起开启式风力发电机的密封方式和构造出空气流道的具体结构。
综上所述，上述的密封机构从密封状态上包含了静密封和动密封两种密封状态，从密封机理上包含了梳齿、螺旋、气压三种密封原理的结合，从而能够充分地将多相气流屏蔽在环形气隙之外。
此外，上风向空气流携带雨水(或雪)撞击风力发电机受阻后在穿越定子围板与转子密封环16(围板)后，到达桨侧围板3和转子密封环16之间的环状间隙，雨水气液两相流或风雪气固两相流在发电机上风向环状间隙内形成压力。利用流体力学的平衡状态的基本原理，能够计算出环状间隙中的作为气压密封元件的螺旋梳齿机构的出口气流所需的压力和流速。在迷宫密封的膨胀空腔内的气流流道出口，构造“开环螺旋状汇流腔”，充当母管13汇流均压的作用。螺旋梳齿组合压力 密封依靠气源提供的足够压力产生高速气流，并且出口流速、流量可控，以适应上风向气流速度的变化。即：气压密封的压力可以根据需要自动调整，实现“自适应”调节，以达到气源源头耗功较小的目的。
此外，连接梳齿进气孔21与第二气孔5之间的导气管可以有如下两种形态：
1)导气管22整体上呈环形，即和第一螺旋梳齿机构4的形态一样，导气管22沿着桨侧齿压板6的圆周延展，呈360度的环形。这样的结构能够将多个第二气孔5流出的气流在圆周方向上进行均匀混合后再送入梳齿进气孔21，从而能够使得进入梳齿进气孔21的气流在圆周方向上压力均匀。
2)梳齿进气孔21与第二气孔5之间通过彼此分离的多根导气管22对应连接。这种结构不需要制作环形的导气管22，从而在部件制作上相对简单。导气管22可以根据第二气孔5的数量而定，如下面所介绍的气流通道为48个，那么相对应地，导气管22的数量可以对应设置为48个。
(2)定子铁心内部的气流通道
定子铁心8内部的气流通道9用于将定子内部的气源系统12提供的气源引入到桨侧齿压板6上开设的至少一个第二气孔5处。具体地，如图3所示，其为图1中沿A-A向的截面示意图。在定子支架1的外周壁上固定有冲片固定键7，定子铁心8(定子铁心8由多瓣铁心模块组合而成，每个铁心模块由铁心叠片构成)具有燕尾槽，该燕尾槽套设在冲片固定键7上，从而将定子铁心8固定在定子支架1的外周壁上。第一气孔2可以位于与冲片固定键7接触的定子支架1的外周壁上，气流通道9可以穿过冲片固定键7的气孔与第一气孔2联通。
如图1所示，气流通道9可以包括径向气流通道92和轴向气流通道91，径向气流通道92可以穿过冲片固定键7和定子铁心8的内部，径向气流通道92的一端与第一气孔2连接，另一端与轴向气流通道91连接，轴向气流通道91可以沿轴向穿过定子铁心8的内部与第二气孔5联通。其中，径向气流通道92与轴向气流通道91可以直接连接，也可以经过任意弯曲后再连接，总之，只要能将径向气流通道92和轴向气流通道91连接即可。
此外，第一气孔2、第二气孔5以及气流通道9可以为多个且数量 相等，沿着圆周均等设置。其中，多个第一气孔2、第二气孔5以及气流通道9对应联通，形成多条独立的从定子支架1的内壁到桨侧齿压板6的气流通路。优选地，在定子铁心8的内部桨侧齿压板6的下方，径向气流通道92在定子铁心8内部90度转向进入轴向气流通道91，轴向气流通道91平行于电机定子轴向。如图4所示，其为本发明实施例的永磁直驱风力发电机的定子铁心内部的气流路径示意图，其中，径向气流通道与轴向气流通道一一对应，图中仅示出了轴向气流通道，本发明实施例具有若干个气流通道，优选地，如图4所示，图4为本发明实施例一的永磁直驱风力发电机的定子铁心内部的气流路径示意图。共设置有48个气流通道，它们的长度(L1、L2……L48)/内径(d1、d2……d48)/绝对粗糙度(ε1、ε2……ε48)优选为相同，周向间隔也是一致的。
(3)风电机组内部的气源系统
风电机组内部的气源系统12(具体地，气源系统12可以设置在定子支架之间或者在机舱空间内)中的气源可以取自机舱内的气压发生装置。气源系统12在雨、雪天气时段可以抵御风雨“气液两相流”和风雪“气固两相流”的侵入；气源系统12在需要干燥电机内部的时间段工作，使得在充分干燥发电机定子绝缘和转子磁极防护层的同时减少了气源的能耗。设置在定子中的气流通道9通过第一气孔2与气源系统12连接，将风电机组内部的气源引至气流通道9中。气源系统12可以包括产生预定压力气流的气源发生装置和可以对气流进行净化以及干燥处理的气源处理装置。
气源发生装置可以为空气压缩机，空气压缩机(或压气机)是气压发生装置，它是提高空气的压力或输送空气的机器，也是将原动机供给的机械能转化成空气压力能的一种转换装置。在空气压缩机工作过程中，处于压缩机气缸中的空气被迅速压缩，气体被迅速压缩的过程是一个放热过程，必然引起压缩机气缸的温度升高，因此，一般需进行冷却。在多级压缩的空气压缩机最后一级排气温度可达140—170℃，在这样高的温度下，压缩空气中常混有一定的气态油和水蒸气，需要设置冷却器冷却压缩空气，以初步离析压缩空气中所含的油分和水分，防止油分和水分随压缩空气进入风力发电机定子铁心流道。因此，气源处理装置还可以包括空气过滤器、冷却器、油水分离器以及干燥器。其中，空气过 滤器用作过滤进入空气压缩机气缸之前的气体(即过滤机舱内空气中所含的灰尘和其它杂质)，用于防止空气中的灰尘、固体杂质等进入空气压缩机后，导致空气压缩机气缸中相对运动部件的摩擦和磨损。
此外，油水分离器(气液分离器)用作进一步分离压缩空气中所含有的油分和水分，使压缩后的空气得到初步的净化处理，用于消除油分和水分对电机定子支架及其铁心内流道、发电机内部的污染、腐蚀。
另外，压缩空气经冷却器和油水分离器后，仍然含有一定的水分，其含量的多少取决于空气的温度、压力和相对湿度的大小。电机内需要的是干燥空气，因此需要设置空气干燥装置，即干燥器。
进一步地，如图5所示，其为本发明实施例一的永磁直驱风力发电机的定子内气流获取路径，气源系统12可以通过母管13和支管14与第一气孔2连接，可以从母管13上引出与第一气孔2数量相同的支管14，支管14对应连接在第一气孔2上。母管13优选为圆环形，也可以是分段的圆环分段，从而能够减小对气流的流动造成的沿程阻力。
此外，作为干燥用的热源可以有两个，一个是在上述气源系统12中设置干燥器，另一个是定子线圈。采用定子线圈作为干燥热源，还能在停机状态下应用，需要通过电网经变流器逆变单元给发电机定子倒送电，使定子产热来干燥定子内部结构和内部材料。在将两个热源配合使用的情况下，定子内部的潮气通过定子自身产热将潮气排出到定子表面，然后再通过来自内部气源系统12的干燥空气将潮气从定子表面带走，从而达到定子内外同时除湿的功效。
(4)气流流动路径
机舱内空气气流经过气源系统12的过滤干燥压缩后送至定子支架1上的第一气孔2，气流由第一气孔2穿过冲片固定键7进入定子铁心8的径向气流通道92，气流沿径向气流通道92转入轴向气流通道91，之后由轴向气流通道91穿过桨侧齿压板6上的第二气孔5，然后通过导气管22将气流引入桨侧围板3上的梳齿进气孔21，从梳齿进气孔21喷出的气流便进入上述的第一螺旋梳齿机构4，形成上下两股螺旋气流，向下螺旋运动的气流封堵环状旋转间隙，阻止雨雪气固两相流或雨水气液两相流的侵入，而向上螺旋运动的气流，会撞击转子密封环16，撞击后的反弹气流进入定转子之间的气隙，沿轴向汇集在定子端部机舱侧(即塔侧齿压板10与转子端盖19之间)，最后经端盖密封环20与塔 侧围板11之间的环状间隙排入大气环境中，这些在电机内部反弹的部分气流还可以对绕组17和磁极18进行干燥。
实施例二
在实施例一的基础上，本实施例的定子在塔侧的塔侧围板上也设置有螺旋梳齿机构。具体地，如图6和图7所示，图6为本发明实施例二的永磁直驱风力发电机的定子结构示意图，图7为图6的局部结构示意图。在塔侧方向上，定子还包括塔侧齿压板10以及塔侧围板11，塔侧齿压板10设置在定子铁心8的塔侧轴向端面上，相应地，转子支架15上还具有端盖密封环20，端盖密封环20与塔侧围板11之间形成环状间隙。
在桨侧围板3的靠近转子密封环16的一侧还设置有第二螺旋梳齿机构24，第二螺旋梳齿机构24整体上呈环形，第二螺旋梳齿机构24具有第二螺旋梳齿241，第二螺旋梳齿241伸出到桨侧围板3和转子密封环16形成的环形缝隙中，用于在环形缝隙中产生螺旋运动的气流，从而对端盖密封环20与塔侧围板11之间形成的环状间隙中构建“压力气流环状屏障”，防止外界恶劣气流进入风机内部。
如实施例一中所介绍的，通过第一上部螺旋梳齿41的气流，将会进入电机气隙(即图1右侧的定转子之间的气隙)，去干燥电机内部表面，然后再沿轴向汇集在定子端部机舱侧(即塔侧齿压板10与转子端盖19之间)，最后经端盖密封环20与塔侧围板11之间的环状间隙排入大气环境中。本实施例中的第二螺旋梳齿机构24就是作用于这股气流的，当这股气流汇集到定子端部机舱侧时，将会经过第二螺旋梳齿机构24向外排出，第二螺旋梳齿机构24依靠从桨侧来的这股气流来产生螺旋运动的气流，从而在塔侧的环形间隙中构建压力密封环境。
进一步地，为了更好地防止外界恶劣气流进入风机内部，优选地，在第二螺旋梳齿的截面图形中，第二螺旋梳齿241向靠近定子支架1的方向倾斜，从而用于产生螺旋运动的倾角朝向靠近定子支架的方向的气流，这样更加有利于抵御外界气流的进入。以上介绍了两种实施例结构，下面再对实际应用中整体气流路径进行一下说明，如图8所示，图8为本发明实施例的永磁直驱风力发电机的整体气流路径示意图。通过设置于机舱内的气源系统12产生干燥气流，经过定子铁心8内部的气流通道，到达定子围板上的具有双向螺旋梳齿的第一螺旋梳齿机构4， 干燥气流在此被分流为两路，一路朝向电机外部，形成压力气流环状螺旋流屏障，用来封堵外界恶劣气流，另一路向上朝向电机内部，流经电机气隙，携带电机表面的潮气(包括从内部渗出的潮气)，形成湿空气，从电机塔侧的具有单向螺旋梳齿的第二螺旋梳齿机构24挤出。
实施例三
本实施例涉及一种永磁直驱风力发电机，包括转子以及具有上述实施例一或实施例二所述的定子。
此外，本实施例还提供了一种永磁直驱风力发电机系统，其包括上述风力发电机以及设置在风电机组内部的气源系统12，气源系统12可以与第一气孔2连接。其中，作为可选的实施方式，气源系统12以及与气源系统12相关联的部件也在前面实施例一中进行了说明，在此不再赘述。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种永磁直驱风力发电机的定子，其特征在于，包括定子支架、设置在定子支架的外周壁的定子铁心、桨侧齿压板以及桨侧围板，所述桨侧齿压板设置在所述定子铁心的桨侧轴向端面上，与所述定子匹配的转子具有转子密封环；
    在所述定子支架的外周壁上开有至少一个第一气孔，在所述桨侧齿压板上开设有至少一个第二气孔；
    所述定子还包括联通所述第一气孔和所述第二气孔的至少一个气流通道，所述气流通道穿过所述定子铁心的内部；
    在所述桨侧围板的靠近所述转子的一侧设置有至少一个梳齿进气孔，所述梳齿进气孔与所述第二气孔之间通过导气管对应连接；
    在所述桨侧围板的靠近所述转子密封环的一侧设置有第一螺旋梳齿机构，所述第一螺旋梳齿机构整体上呈环形，所述第一螺旋梳齿机构与所述梳齿进气孔联通，所述第一螺旋梳齿机构具有第一螺旋梳齿，所述第一螺旋梳齿伸出到所述桨侧围板和所述转子密封环形成的环形缝隙中，用于在所述环形缝隙中产生螺旋运动的气流。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的永磁直驱风力发电机的定子，其特征在于，在所述定子的轴线方向上，所述梳齿进气孔位于所述第一螺旋梳齿机构的中部，所述第一螺旋梳齿机构包括第一上部螺旋梳齿和第一下部螺旋梳齿；
    以所述梳齿进气孔为中心，远离定子支架一侧的第一螺旋梳齿为所述第一上部螺旋梳齿，靠近定子支架一侧的第一螺旋梳齿为所述第一下部螺旋梳齿，在所述第一螺旋梳齿的截面图形中，所述第一上部螺旋梳齿向远离定子支架的方向倾斜，用于产生螺旋运动的倾角朝向远离定子支架的方向的气流，所述第一下部螺旋梳齿向靠近定子支架的方向倾斜，用于产生螺旋运动的倾角朝向靠近定子支架的方向的气流。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的永磁直驱风力发电机的定子，其特征在于，所述第一上部螺旋梳齿和所述第一下部螺旋梳齿的螺旋方向相反。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的永磁直驱风力发电机的定子，其特征在于，所述第一上部螺旋梳齿的螺旋方向与转子的旋转方向相同。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的永磁直驱风力发电机的定子，其特征在 于，所述第一螺旋梳齿还包括第一中部梳齿；
    所述第一中部梳齿设置在所述梳齿进气孔上，所述第一中部梳齿将从所述梳齿进气孔流出的气流进行分流，使得一部分气流流入所述第一上部螺旋梳齿，另一部分气流流入所述第一下部螺旋梳齿。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的永磁直驱风力发电机的定子，其特征在于，所述定子还包括塔侧齿压板以及塔侧围板，所述塔侧齿压板设置在所述定子铁心的塔侧轴向端面上，所述转子还具有端盖密封环；
    在所述桨侧围板的靠近所述转子密封环的一侧设置有第二螺旋梳齿机构，所述第二螺旋梳齿机构整体上呈环形，所述第二螺旋梳齿机构具有第二螺旋梳齿，所述第二螺旋梳齿伸出到所述桨侧围板和所述转子密封环形成的环形缝隙中，用于在所述环形缝隙中产生螺旋运动的气流。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的永磁直驱风力发电机的定子，其特征在于，在所述第二螺旋梳齿的截面图形中，所述第二螺旋梳齿向靠近定子支架的方向倾斜，用于产生螺旋运动的倾角朝向靠近定子支架的方向的气流。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的永磁直驱风力发电机的定子，其特征在于，所述梳齿进气孔与所述第二气孔之间通过整体上呈环形的导气管对应连接，或者所述梳齿进气孔与所述第二气孔之间通过彼此分离的多根导气管对应连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的永磁直驱风力发电机的定子，其特征在于，在所述定子支架的外周壁上固定有冲片固定键，所述定子铁心的燕尾槽套设在所述冲片固定键上，所述气流通道穿过所述冲片固定键与所述第一气孔联通。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的永磁直驱风力发电机的定子，其特征在于，所述气流通道包括径向气流通道和轴向气流通道，所述径向气流通道穿过所述冲片固定键和所述定子铁心的内部，所述径向气流通道的一端与所述第一气孔连接，另一端与所述轴向气流通道连接，所述轴向气流通道沿轴向穿过所述定子铁心的内部与所述第二气孔联通。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的永磁直驱风力发电机的定子，其特征在于，所述第一气孔、所述第二气孔以及所述气流通道为多个且数量相等，沿着圆周均等设置，多个所述第一气孔、所述第二气孔以及所 述气流通道对应联通，形成多条独立的从所述定子支架的外周壁到所述桨侧齿压板的气流通路。
  12. 一种永磁直驱风力发电机，其特征在于，包括转子以及如权利要求1至11任一所述的定子。
  13. 一种永磁直驱风力发电机系统，其特征在于，包括如权利要求12所述的风力发电机以及设置在风电机组内部的气源系统，所述气源系统与所述第一气孔连接。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的永磁直驱风力发电机系统，其特征在于，所述气源系统包括产生预定压力的气流的气源发生装置和对所述气流进行气源净化以及干燥处理的气源处理装置。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的永磁直驱风力发电机系统，其特征在于，所述气源发生装置为空气压缩机，所述气源处理装置包括空气过滤器、冷却器、油水分离器以及干燥器。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的永磁直驱风力发电机系统，其特征在于，所述气源系统通过母管和支管与所述第一气孔连接，从所述母管上引出与所述第一气孔数量相同的支管，所述支管对应连接在所述第一气孔上。
PCT/CN2015/094852 2015-04-15 2015-11-17 永磁直驱风力发电机、系统及其定子 Ceased WO2016165323A1 (zh)

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