WO2016201942A1 - Batterie au lithium-ion à performance de charge-décharge à fort grossissement - Google Patents

Batterie au lithium-ion à performance de charge-décharge à fort grossissement Download PDF

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WO2016201942A1
WO2016201942A1 PCT/CN2015/098497 CN2015098497W WO2016201942A1 WO 2016201942 A1 WO2016201942 A1 WO 2016201942A1 CN 2015098497 W CN2015098497 W CN 2015098497W WO 2016201942 A1 WO2016201942 A1 WO 2016201942A1
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density
positive electrode
lithium ion
ion battery
battery
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田东
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lithium ion battery with high rate charge and discharge performance, belonging to the field of lithium ion batteries.
  • lithium-ion batteries have developed rapidly.
  • the negative electrode material of the lithium ion battery includes a carbon material, an intermetallic compound, a tin-based compound, and the like.
  • the commercial lithium ion battery anode material is made of graphite-based carbon material, has low lithium insertion/deintercalation potential, suitable reversible capacity, rich resources, and low price, and is an ideal anode material for lithium ion batteries.
  • the graphite material has a low discharge and discharge platform, and has a high lithium insertion capacity.
  • the lithium intercalation capacity of the lithium intercalation compound LiC6 is 372 mAh/g, and the first charge and discharge efficiency is high. It has been found through research that graphite forms a SEI film during the first cycle by reacting with the electrolyte.
  • This film allows lithium ions to pass freely and prevents solvated lithium ions from entering, thus forming this layer of SEI film on the graphite surface. It is possible to prevent the graphite electrode from being further corroded by the electrolyte and maintaining good cycle performance.
  • the positive electrode material of a lithium ion battery is generally an excessive metal oxide such as LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMnO 2 , and LiNi x Co y Mn (1-xy) O 2 , and the like, and a phosphate of an excessive metal.
  • the LiCoO 2 electrode with layered structure has good performance, and is a cathode material widely used in commercial lithium ion batteries on the market, but it also has disadvantages such as high price and large pollution; LiMn 2 O 4 with spinel structure is cheap and pollution-free. It has been regarded as the material of choice for replacing LiCoO 2 and has been extensively studied. However, due to its low capacity and severe capacity degradation at high temperatures, its application range is still limited.
  • LiNiO 2 Compared with LiCoO 2 with similar structure, LiNiO 2 It has the advantages of high capacity, high power and moderate price, but it also has difficulties in synthesis and poor thermal stability, and its practical process has been slow. However, as the performance of doped multi-element oxides (such as LiNi x Co y Mn (1-xy) O 2 , etc.) is improved and improved, the application of lithium ion batteries is extended to electric vehicles (EV, HEV), Industrial large battery fields such as energy storage power stations and military applications are becoming research hotspots.
  • EV electric vehicles
  • HEV electric vehicles
  • a conductive agent is an indispensable part of a lithium battery, and its purpose is to form an effective conductive network in the active material.
  • the amount of the conductive agent must be added to and exceeds a certain amount. When the amount exceeds this amount, the conductive agent particles can be filled with full activity. The gap between the particles of the material, and the effective contact between the conductive agents, the conductivity of the composite electrode is fundamentally improved.
  • the former lithium-ion battery conductive agent is mainly Super-P and KS series. Both of these products are imported from abroad.
  • the former is a nano-scale carbon black product, which has a small particle size and a large specific surface area. It also has good electrical conductivity, but because of its small particle size and large specific surface area, it is difficult to disperse, and then it is micron-sized conductive graphite, which is easy to disperse, but its conductivity is worse than Super-P. Therefore, in the actual use process, both are added at the same time, and the complement is insufficient.
  • the graphite thin structure is unique, with good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, stability and a large specific surface area. As a conductive agent for lithium ion batteries, it can greatly improve the energy density of the battery, and at the same time increase the rate of charge and discharge of the material to meet the requirements of the power battery.
  • the improvement of the performance of lithium-ion batteries is mainly due to the improvement of the performance of each material and the cooperation of various components. Therefore, by selecting a suitable material system, lithium-ion batteries with different performance characteristics can be prepared for different needs.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a lithium ion battery having high rate charge and discharge performance and a method of preparing the same.
  • a high-rate charge-discharge performance lithium battery designed by the present invention has a high-rate lithium cobaltate as a positive electrode, a high-rate intermediate carbon microsphere as a negative electrode, and graphene as a conductive additive.
  • the lithium cobaltate cathode material has a gram specific capacity of 145 to 152 mAh/g, a first efficiency of 95.5 to 97.5%, a double-sided surface density of 15 to 30 mg/cm 2 , and a positive electrode compaction density of 1.6 to 2.0 g/cm 3 .
  • the graphite anode material has a gram specific capacity of 310-330 mAh/g, a first efficiency of 92 to 94.5%, a negative electrode compaction density of 1.2 to 1.5 g/cm 3 , and a negative electrode sheet surface density corresponding to a positive electrode active material excess ratio of 3 % ⁇ 10%.
  • the positive electrode tab is prepared by first preparing 2 to 5 wt% of a binder-polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and 80 to 120 wt% of a solvent-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and then adding 1 to 3 wt%.
  • PVDF binder-polyvinylidene fluoride
  • NMP solvent-methylpyrrolidone
  • the graphene conductive agent is well dispersed, and finally 80 to 95.5 wt% of active material lithium cobaltate is added, mixed into a slurry, and the viscosity is adjusted.
  • a pole piece is coated on an aluminum foil of 0.010 to 0.016 mm, and a positive electrode piece is obtained by rolling and slitting.
  • the double-sided density of the positive electrode is 20 to 30 mg/cm 2 , and the compaction density is 1.8 to 2.0 g/cm 3 .
  • the negative electrode tab is prepared by disposing 1 to 2 wt% thickener sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and deionized water into a glue solution, and dispersing 0.5 to 2 wt% of graphene conductive agent, and then dispersing. Add 93.8-98 wt% of the intermediate carbon microspheres, and finally add 2 to 4.4 wt% of the binder-styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), mix into a slurry, adjust the viscosity, and apply the pole piece on the copper foil of 0.08-0.010 mm.
  • the negative electrode compaction density is 1.3 to 1.5 g/cm 3 .
  • the separator is separated between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the separator is 0.012 to 0.025 mm.
  • a solid electrolyte membrane (SEI film) is formed on the surface during the first charge and discharge process.
  • SEI film is formed by reacting an electrolyte, a negative electrode material and lithium ions, and irreversibly consuming lithium ions, which is a major factor in forming irreversible capacity.
  • the electrolyte is easily co-incorporated with it. During the process, the electrolyte is reduced, and the generated gas product causes the graphite sheet to peel off, especially the natural graphite-based anode material, which has a distinct layered structure.
  • the graphite sheet layer is more likely to fall off and form.
  • the new interface leads to further SEI formation, which results in reduced battery cycle performance.
  • the mesophase carbon microspheres which belong to artificial graphite, have the same identity and can resist the erosion performance of PC solvent, and are the best choice for the high-rate lithium ion battery anode material.
  • a lithium battery with high rate of charge and discharge performance designed by the present invention can be placed, formed, aged, and divided after the battery is assembled.
  • the beneficial effects and progress of the present invention are as follows:
  • Figure 1 A graph of the rate discharge of a lithium ion battery prepared in Example 1.
  • a high-rate performance lithium ion battery described in this embodiment uses lithium cobaltate as a positive electrode active material, a lithium cobaltate has a specific capacity of 149 mAh/g, a first efficiency of 96.2%, and a mesophase carbon microsphere as a negative electrode material.
  • the gram ratio is 320mAh/g, and the first efficiency is 94%.
  • the positive electrode tab is prepared by first disposing the binder PVDF (3wt%) and the solvent NMP (80wt%) into a glue solution, dispersing 2wt% of the added graphene, and finally adding the active material lithium cobaltate 95wt%, mixing The slurry was slurried, and the viscosity was adjusted. Then, a pole piece was coated on an aluminum foil of 0.016 mm, and the double-sided surface density was 25 mg/cm 2 , and the positive electrode piece was obtained by rolling and cutting, and the compacted density was 1.8 g/cm 3 ;
  • the negative pole piece was prepared by disposing CMC 1.2wt% and deionized water into a glue solution, adding graphene 0.5% by weight, and then adding active material mesocarbon microbeads 96.3wt%, and finally adding binder 2.0wt. %, mixed into a slurry, adjusted to a viscosity, and a pole piece was coated on a copper foil of 0.010 mm, and the density of the surface of the negative electrode was calculated to correspond to a volume excess ratio of 5% of the positive electrode active material, and the density of the negative electrode piece was 1.45.
  • the battery was subjected to 1C, 10C, 30C, 40C, 50C charge and discharge performance test.
  • the test result was that the 10C/1C capacity retention rate was 99.74%, the 30C/1C capacity retention rate was 96.62%, and the 40C/1C capacity retention rate was 96.62. %, 50C/1C capacity retention rate was 89.61%, and after 500 weeks of 1C cycle test, the capacity retention rate was 95.4%, showing excellent cycle performance.
  • the high-rate performance lithium ion battery described in this embodiment uses lithium cobaltate as the positive electrode active material, the lithium cobaltate has a specific capacity of 145 mAh/g, the first efficiency is 96.5%, and the mesophase carbon microspheres are used as the negative electrode material.
  • the specific capacity is 325 mAh/g, and the first efficiency is 94.5%.
  • the positive electrode tab is prepared by first disposing the binder PVDF (2.5 wt%) and the solvent NMP (80 wt%) into a glue solution, dispersing 1.5 wt% of the added graphene, and finally adding the active material lithium cobaltate 96 wt%. The mixture was mixed into a slurry, and the viscosity was adjusted. Then, a pole piece was coated on an aluminum foil of 0.016 mm, and the double-sided surface density was 25 mg/cm 2 , and the positive electrode piece was obtained by rolling and cutting, and the compacted density was 1.9 g/cm 3 ;
  • the negative pole piece was prepared by disposing CMC 1.5wt% and deionized water into a glue solution, adding graphene 0.5wt% to disperse, then adding active material mesophase carbon microspheres to 96.7wt%, and finally adding binder 1.8wt. %, mixed into a slurry, adjusted to a viscosity, and a pole piece was coated on a 0.010 mm copper foil, and the density of the negative electrode surface was calculated to correspond to a positive electrode active material capacity excess ratio of 6%, and the negative electrode piece compacted density was 1.5.
  • the battery was subjected to 1C, 10C, 30C, 40C, 50C charge and discharge performance test.
  • the test result was that the 10C/1C capacity retention rate was 99.51%, the 30C/1C capacity retention rate was 96.13%, and the 40C/1C capacity retention rate was 96.21. %, 50C/1C capacity retention rate was 90.03%, and after 500 weeks of 1C cycle test, the capacity retention rate was 94.8%, showing excellent cycle performance.
  • a high-rate performance lithium ion battery described in this embodiment uses lithium cobaltate as a positive electrode active material, a lithium cobaltate has a specific capacity of 150 mAh/g, a first efficiency of 95.5%, and a mesophase carbon microsphere as a negative electrode material.
  • the gram capacity is 320mAh/g, and the first efficiency is 94.1%.
  • the positive electrode tab was prepared by first disposing the binder PVDF (2.0 wt%) and the solvent NMP (80 wt%) into a glue solution, dispersing 1.0 wt% of the added graphene, and finally adding the active material lithium cobaltate 97 wt%. , mixing into a slurry, adjusting the viscosity, and then coating a pole piece on a 0.016 mm aluminum foil, the double-sided surface density of 30 mg / cm 2 , and rolling and slitting to obtain a positive electrode piece, compaction density of 2.0 g / cm 3 ;
  • the negative pole piece was prepared by disposing CMC 1.5wt% and deionized water into a glue solution, adding graphene 0.5% by weight, and then adding active material mesocarbon microbeads 97wt%, and finally adding 1.5wt% binder. The mixture is mixed into a slurry to adjust the viscosity.
  • the pole piece is coated on a copper foil of 0.010 mm, and the density of the negative electrode surface is calculated according to the excess ratio of the positive electrode active material to 6%, and the compact density of the negative electrode piece is 1.45 g.
  • the battery was subjected to 1C, 10C, 30C, 40C, 50C charge and discharge performance test.
  • the test result was that the 10C/1C capacity retention rate was 98.09%, the 30C/1C capacity retention rate was 95.11%, and the 40C/1C capacity retention rate was 94.32. %, 50C/1C capacity retention rate is 88.25%, and after 500 weeks of 1C cycle test, the capacity retention rate is 95.3%, showing excellent cycle performance.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une batterie au lithium-ion à performance de charge-décharge à fort grossissement. Un oxyde de lithium-cobalt à fort grossissement est pris en tant que cathode, des microsphères de carbone intermédiaire à fort grossissement sont prises en tant qu'anode, et du graphène est pris en tant qu'additif conducteur. La présente invention adopte un système matériel de cathode et d'anode avec une performance de fort grossissement, commande la densité surfacique et la densité de compactage d'une pièce polaire de cathode et d'une pièce polaire d'anode, garantit la haute conductivité des pièces polaires, et améliore la performance de charge-décharge de courant important de la batterie. Le graphène avec une performance de haute conductivité est adopté comme additif d'agent conducteur, de telle sorte que le défaut de réduction d'une proportion de matériau actif d'une cathode à une anode en raison du fait qu'un grand nombre d'agents conducteurs classiques ont besoin d'être ajoutés lorsqu'ils sont adoptés est évité, et la densité d'énergie en volume de la batterie est améliorée. Un électrolyte contenant un solvant PC est adopté, et le point de congélation élevé et la conductivité élevée du solvant PC sont utilisés, de telle sorte que le problème de dissipation de chaleur de batterie dans des conditions de charge-décharge de courant important est efficacement amorti, et la stabilité de cycle de la batterie est en outre garantie. La présente invention présente un procédé simple, et une batterie au lithium fabriquée présente d'excellentes performances.
PCT/CN2015/098497 2015-06-13 2015-12-23 Batterie au lithium-ion à performance de charge-décharge à fort grossissement Ceased WO2016201942A1 (fr)

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CN201510333710.0A CN104900908A (zh) 2015-06-13 2015-06-13 一种具有高倍率充放电性能的锂离子电池

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CN114824173A (zh) * 2022-06-10 2022-07-29 蜂巢能源科技(无锡)有限公司 一种干电极极片及其制备方法以及在储能电池中应用
CN115172644A (zh) * 2022-08-11 2022-10-11 江西嘉盛新能源有限公司 一种14500钢壳圆柱钠离子电池阳极片及其制备方法

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CN105244506A (zh) * 2015-10-15 2016-01-13 青岛领军节能与新材料研究院 一种锂离子电池材料和锂离子电池结构及其制作方法
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CN112018380A (zh) * 2020-09-05 2020-12-01 珠海新视扬能源科技有限公司 一种高性能倍率型锂离子电池及其制备方法
CN112018376A (zh) * 2020-09-05 2020-12-01 珠海新视扬能源科技有限公司 一种正极材料及其制备方法
WO2022198577A1 (fr) * 2021-03-25 2022-09-29 东莞新能源科技有限公司 Dispositif électrochimique et dispositif électronique
CN114447270A (zh) * 2021-12-28 2022-05-06 华为数字能源技术有限公司 一种负极极片、电池和电子设备
CN114628629A (zh) * 2022-03-17 2022-06-14 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 一种极片及电池
CN119852534B (zh) * 2023-12-07 2025-12-09 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 二次电池和含有其的用电装置

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