WO2016207720A1 - Procédé d'étalonnage de la position d'un élément de mise à feu - Google Patents

Procédé d'étalonnage de la position d'un élément de mise à feu Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2016207720A1
WO2016207720A1 PCT/IB2016/000979 IB2016000979W WO2016207720A1 WO 2016207720 A1 WO2016207720 A1 WO 2016207720A1 IB 2016000979 W IB2016000979 W IB 2016000979W WO 2016207720 A1 WO2016207720 A1 WO 2016207720A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
source element
nfh
fired
distances
source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2016/000979
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Cheikh Niang
Yuan NI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sercel SAS
Original Assignee
CGG Services SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CGG Services SAS filed Critical CGG Services SAS
Publication of WO2016207720A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016207720A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/38—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for water-covered areas
    • G01V1/3861—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for water-covered areas control of source arrays, e.g. for far field control

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein generally relate to methods and devices for calibrating an air gun position and/or near-field hydrophone associated with the air gun. DISCUSSION OF THE BACKGROUND
  • Reflection seismology is a method of geophysical exploration to determine the properties of a portion of a subsurface layer in the earth, which is information especially helpful in the oil and gas industry. Marine reflection seismology is based on the use of a controlled source (e.g., air gun, vibratory element, etc.) that sends energy waves into the earth. By measuring the time it takes for the reflections to come back to plural receivers, it is possible to estimate the depth and/or
  • a controlled source e.g., air gun, vibratory element, etc.
  • composition of the features causing such reflections and thus, to generate an image of the subsurface may be associated with subterranean hydrocarbon deposits and the generated image may indicate, to those skilled in the art, the location of these deposits.
  • improving the functionality of any component (source or receiver or computer that generates the image) of the seismic acquisition system results in a better image of the subsurface, and consequently, a higher likelihood of finding the deposits.
  • a source array is illustrated in Figure 1.
  • the source array includes plural source elements.
  • a source element is, for example, the above noted air gun.
  • the source elements are grouped, typically, in sub- arrays.
  • a typical source array includes three sub-arrays. Each sub-array may include a float and plural air guns suspended from the float.
  • Figure 1 shows a generic source array 104 (note that the full
  • acoustic energy is coupled into the water and transmitted into the earth, where part of the energy is partially reflected back from the ocean bottom 1 13 and from rock formation interfaces 1 12 (rock layer that has a change in acoustic impedance).
  • Sensors or receivers 106 used to record the reflected energy include hydrophones, geophones and/or accelerometers.
  • the receivers can be encapsulated in either fluid filled or solid streamers 105 that are also towed by vessels at shallow depth.
  • an air gun stores compressed air and releases it suddenly underwater when fired.
  • the released air forms a bubble (which may be considered spherical), with air pressure inside the bubble initially greatly exceeding the hydrostatic pressure in the surrounding water.
  • the bubble expands, displacing the water and causing a pressure disturbance that travels through the water.
  • the pressure decreases, eventually becoming lower than the hydrostatic pressure.
  • the bubble begins to contract until the pressure inside again becomes larger than the hydrostatic pressure.
  • the process of expansion and contraction may continue through many cycles, thereby generating a pressure (i.e., seismic) wave.
  • the pressure variation generated in the water by a single air gun (which can be measured using a hydrophone or geophone located near the air gun) as a function of time is called the near-field signature and is illustrated in Figure 2.
  • a first pressure increase due to the released air is called primary pulse.
  • the primary pulse is followed by a pressure drop known as a ghost. Between highest primary pressure and lowest ghost pressure there is a peak pressure variation (P-P).
  • P-P peak pressure variation
  • the pulses following the primary and the ghost are known as a bubble pulse train.
  • the pressure difference between the second pair of high and low pressures is a bubble pressure variation P b -P b -
  • the time T between pulses is the bubble period.
  • Figure 2 represents a situation in which the bubble generated by a single air gun drifts slowly toward the surface, surrounded by water having the hydrostatic pressure constant or slowly varying as the bubble slowly drifts upward. However, when another air gun is fired simultaneously in proximity to the first air gun, the hydrostatic pressure is no longer constant or slowly varying. The bubbles of neighboring guns affect each other.
  • a source array includes plural individual source elements (e.g., air guns).
  • An individual source element may be a single air gun or a cluster of air guns. Since the dimensions of the source array, including plural individual source elements, are comparable with the generated wave's wavelength, the overall wave generated by the source array is directional, i.e., the shape of the wave, or its signature varies with the direction until, at a great enough distance, the wave starts having a stable shape. After the shape become stable, the amplitude of the wave decreases inversely proportional to the distance.
  • the region where the signature shape no longer changes significantly with distance is known as the "far-field,” (or where the wavelength of the wave is much smaller than a distance d from the gun to the observation point) in contrast to the "near-field” region (where the wavelength is larger than distance d) where the shape varies.
  • Knowledge of the wave source's far-field signature is desirable in order to extract information about the geological structure generating the detected wave upon receiving the far-field input wave.
  • an equivalent notional signature for each individual source may be calculated for each of the guns using near-field measurements (see e.g., U.S. Patent No. 4,476,553 incorporated herewith by reference).
  • the equivalent notional signature is a representation of an amplitude due to an individual wave source as a function of time, the source array's far-field signature being a superposition of the notional signatures corresponding to each of the individual sources.
  • the equivalent notional signature is a tool for representing the contribution of an individual source to the far-field signature, such that the individual source contribution is decoupled from contributions of other individual wave sources in the source array.
  • the stability and reliability of the far-field signature depends on the stability of each of the individual source elements and of the source array's geometry.
  • the individual source elements' behavior may change (e.g., they change their positions due to water currents or other reasons) and thus affect both the near-field and the far-field source signature.
  • U.S. Patent Publication 2013/0325427 discloses a method for computing notional source signatures from near-field measurements and modeled notional signatures. However, this method is affected by the environmental changes that are present in the field and also by the constant movement of the air guns relative to their expected position when deployed under water.
  • the method includes firing, during a calibration phase, a source element, wherein the source element is part of a source sub-array and a geometry of the sub- array during the calibration phase is substantially the same as a geometry during a seismic data acquiring phase; recording with plural near-field sensors direct waves incoming from the source element; selecting a cost function C; calculating distances L, between an actual firing position of the fired source element and the plural near-field sensors, based on the recorded direct waves; and calculating the actual firing position of the fired source element based on the distances L, and the cost function C.
  • there is a method for calibrating marine equipment includes firing, during a calibration phase, a source element, wherein the source element is part of a source sub-array and a geometry of the sub- array during the calibration phase is substantially the same as a geometry during a seismic data acquiring phase; recording with plural near-field sensors direct waves incoming from the source element; selecting a cost function C; calculating distances L, between an actual firing position of the fired source element and the
  • the method includes firing, during a calibration phase, a source element G j ; recording with plural near-field sensors (NFH a -NFH c ), during the calibration phase, direct waves incoming from the fired source element G j ; calculating distances L aj between the fired source element (G j ) and near-field sensors NFH a , based on the recorded direct waves; and calculating sensitivities c a or sensitivity ratios c a /Cb of the near-field sensors NFH a for calibrating their responses.
  • NFH a -NFH c near-field sensors
  • a computing device for calibrating marine equipment.
  • the device includes an interface for sending firing instructions, during a calibration phase, to a source element Gj.
  • the interface receives recordings of plural near-field sensors (NFH a -NFH c ), during the calibration phase, wherein the recordings include direct waves incoming from the fired source element G j .
  • the device also includes a processor connected to the interface and configured to calculate distances L aj between the fired source element (G j ) and the near-field sensors NFH a , based on the recorded direct waves, and calculate sensitivities c a or sensitivity ratios Cg/Cb of the near-field sensors NFH a for calibrating their responses.
  • a computer readable media non-transitorily storing executable codes which when executed on a computer make the computer perform a method as noted above.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a conventional marine seismic survey system
  • Figure 2 is a graph illustrating a time variation of a pressure when a gun is fired underwater
  • Figure 3 illustrates a marine source sub-array and a seismic data processing unit
  • Figure 4 schematically illustrates a source sub-array and corresponding source elements that are moving relative to a supporting float;
  • Figure 5 is a flowchart of a method for calibrating an actual firing position of a source element;
  • Figure 6 schematically illustrates how a source element dangles relative to a supporting float
  • Figure 7 schematically illustrates three source elements
  • Figure 8 is a flowchart of a method for calibrating near-field sensors associated with source elements of a same source sub-array
  • Figure 9 illustrates various time point parameters recorded by a near- field sensor
  • Figure 10 illustrates a computing device for calibrating a firing position of a source array and/or a near-field sensor.
  • Sub-array 301 (the source array may include any number of sub-arrays) includes air guns (guns herein) 310, 31 1 , 312, 313, 314, and 315 and near-field sensors 320, 321 , 322, 323, 324, and 325, which may be located near (e.g., above) the individual sources 310-315, respectively.
  • Near-field sensors 320-325 may be hydrophones or geophones. The number and arrangement of the individual sources are merely exemplary and are not intended to be limiting.
  • Each of the guns 310-315 may be a single air gun or a cluster of air guns.
  • Near-field sensors 320-325 may be located at about 0.5 to 1 m above the corresponding air guns 310- 315. The distance in-between neighboring air guns may be about 3 m.
  • the marine source sub-array 301 may include a float 330 for supporting the guns to a desired depth.
  • Near-field sensors 320-325 are connected to a seismic data processing unit 340 (e.g., located on the towing vessel), including an interface 342, a processor 344 and a memory 346.
  • the seismic data processing unit 340 may also include a monitoring unit 348 and a display 350.
  • processing unit 340 is the gun controller.
  • each gun has its own gun controller 360-365, mounted next to the gun.
  • the gun controllers 360-365 if installed next to their corresponding guns, may be configured to communicate via interface 342 with the seismic data processing unit 340, e.g., for receiving instructions from the processing unit 340 and/or for providing information to the processing unit.
  • Each air gun may include an internal sensor called time break (TB) that provides an approximate time of when the air gun is fired.
  • TB sensors 370 to 375 are shown in Figure 3 being located inside corresponding guns.
  • each air gun is connected to float 301 with a corresponding linkage 31 OC to 315C.
  • the linkage includes one or more chains. In one application, the linkage includes ropes or wires, instead or in addition to the chains.
  • the air guns can dangle in water relative to the float.
  • the movement of the vessel and implicitly the movement of the sub-array relative to the Earth makes the air guns to deviate from their expected positions 31 OA to 315A.
  • a calibration test is made to re-estimate (or calculate or determine) the real firing gun positions 310B to 315B.
  • at least one air gun (j) is fired in step 500 while the source array configuration (e.g., geometry of the source array, which include inline and cross-line distances between the source elements) used during this calibration phase is substantially the same as the configuration used during the actual seismic survey (seismic data acquisition phase).
  • the source array configuration e.g., geometry of the source array, which include inline and cross-line distances between the source elements
  • the calibration phase is performed before and/or during and/or after the actual marine seismic survey.
  • the calibration phase preserves the source array configuration of the actual marine seismic survey, with one or more of the sub- arrays being deployed.
  • the same survey speed may be used when towing the sub- array during the calibration phase.
  • Step 500 may also fire several times the at least one air gun for generating data appropriate for statistical processing. In one application, each air gun of the source sub-array is fired during step 500. If this is the case, the air guns are fired one by one. In still another application, all the air guns of the source array are fired, one by one, several times.
  • step 502 the responses of all the NFH sensors are recorded.
  • the NFH sensors record direct waves incoming from the fired gun, i.e., the direct waves are not reflected from the water-air interface. Waves from the water-air interface are also recorded, later in time. However, for this method, only the direct waves are used as discussed later. While all the guns of the source array may be fired during step 500, for calculating the real position of a given gun 312, only the measurements from the NFH sensors 320-325 in the same sub-array 301 are used as now discussed.
  • a cost function C is selected in step 504.
  • the cost function C is related to the real firing position G of the firing gun, the actual positions ⁇ P t of the NFH sensors, and the distances L t between the real firing position of the firing gun and the NFH sensors.
  • the cost function C is given by:
  • the norm can be an Euclidian or another L2 norm.
  • the distance L t between the real firing position of the firing gun 312 and the i th NFH sensor's position may be calculated in step 506 as follows. For the firing gun 312, consider that the distance between firing gun 312 and the corresponding
  • NFH sensor 322 does not change, i.e., it is the length of the link 312C, L g herein. This distance is the same irrespective if the air gun 312 is at position 312A or 312B.
  • the difference Diff ⁇ can be calculated as follows: by analyzing the recordings of the NFH, sensors, the time of the rising edge captured by NFH 322 (i.e., the peak corresponding to the incoming direct wave) and the time of the rising edge captured by the i th NFH sensor are selected. Based on these times, it is possible to calculate the time delay of the signal emitted by gun 312 and recorded by NFH sensor 322 and the i th NFH sensor. If this time delay is multiplied by the speed of sound in water, the difference Diff t is obtained. Because l g is known (the length of the linkage, which does not change when the gun dangles), based on equation (3), each distance L t can be calculated.
  • step 508 by applying an inversion algorithm (e.g., least square optimization) to the cost function C, it is possible to calculate the real firing position G of gun 312 (j).
  • the method then advances to step 510 where a decision is made if other guns' real firing positions need to be calculated. If the gun j is not the last one, the algorithm returns to step 500 and selects a next gun. If gun j is the last one, the algorithm advances to step 512. Note that the steps presented until now apply to a sub-array. The method may stop after calculating the real positions of a single sub-array. However, in another embodiment, the method may advance to calculate the real firing positions of the guns for a second sub-array.
  • an inversion algorithm e.g., least square optimization
  • the difference Drift is used in step 514 to calibrate the air gun drift and then, in step 516, the seismic data collected during a seismic survey (with calibrated guns) may be processed with known techniques and methods for generating the image of the subsurface.
  • the drift function Drift calculated above improves the accuracy of the surveyed subsurface's image by correcting the collected seismic data with the actual shooting positions of the air guns.
  • the drift function Drift may be used to improve the accuracy of the collected seismic data as discussed above, one skilled in the art would understand that this function can be used for other purposes.
  • Steps of the method discussed above that fire a single NFH sensor during a calibration phase may be used to also calibrate the NFH sensors themselves.
  • the NFH sensors need to be calibrated as there are many factors during a seismic survey that can make these sensors to not accurately measure the source signature.
  • a typical NFH sensor i.e., a hydrophone
  • Hydrostatic pressure, temperature, rough handling, marine fouling, corrosion, and water leakage are some of the more obvious influences. Other influences are more subtle.
  • many hydrophones have small piezoelectric elements with high electrical impedances.
  • the leakage resistance of such generators needs to stay very high for operating reasons.
  • the usual materials that protect the generator elements from the water medium are not completely waterproof. Over a period of time, small amounts of water will enter the generator's housing, lower the leakage resistance, and cause a drop in sensitivity at low frequencies.
  • Some chemical changes among the metals, oil, crystals, rubbers, plastics, and so forth that form the NFH sensor also tend to pollute the generator environment and affect the hydrophone sensitivity.
  • a hydrophone should be recalibrated from time to time.
  • FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a sub-array 701 having a float 730 from which three guns G, are suspended. For simplicity, the figure shows only three guns. Along the linkages that hold the guns suspended from the float 730, there is a NFH sensor NFH, for each gun. In this specific example, the NFH sensors dangle with the corresponding gun, if the case.
  • a distance between gun G j and NFH a sensor is L aj
  • a maximum value (i.e., amplitude) of a signal recorded by NFH a sensor is v aj , which has the unit of volt.
  • a signal recorded by NFH a sensor looks like a wiggly line, depending on the noise and events recorded.
  • the NFH's sensor sensitivity takes into account not only the sensitivity of the sensor itself, but also the influence of the any cable and/or conductor and/or circuit in its analog-to- digital converter (ADC), which include but is not limited to electrical gains.
  • ADC analog-to-
  • the maximum value v aj of a recording (or response) of a sensor NFH a takes place during the peak period, i.e., around 5 to 10 ms after the firing of the gun (note that the primary pulse of the source signature in Figure 2 needs some time to propagate from the air gun to the sensor).
  • This maximum value is independent of the surface reflection, i.e., the ghost also illustrated in Figure 2. This is so because the maximum value corresponds to an incoming direct wave that did not reflect from the water-air interface.
  • step 800 gun G j is fired. Similar to the method discussed with regard to Figure 5, gun G j may be fired a couple of times for providing statistically meaningful data. The firing of the gun occurs during a calibration phase. This means that the calibration phase may take place prior, during and/or after the phase of collecting seismic data.
  • the NFH sensors record the data (incoming direct waves from the fired source element), which may be stored in a storing device 346.
  • Distances L aj are calculated in step 804, where a is different from j. Note that distances L aa (i.e., the distance between the NFH sensor and the corresponding air gun) are known from the geometry of the source array. Distance L aj may be the distance between sensor NFH a and (i) the actual firing position of the source element (calculated with the method discussed in Figure 5) or (ii) the nominal position of the source element (the expected firing position of the source element, which is not the true position).
  • v is the sound velocity in water. If the take-off point TO or the half-height point T1 are used instead of the peak arrival times, formula (5) above should be corrected to replace the peak arrival times with the corresponding choice.
  • the take-off point, half- height point or peak arrival time are generically called herein "time point parameter.”
  • the sound velocity in water may depend with the water temperature (near the surface) and salinity.
  • the sound velocity in water can be measured with a local sensor, can be inferred from existing marine data, or it can be calculated based on various known models.
  • step 806 the gun intensity M j (defined in equation 4) is received, e.g., from field test data interpolation, as a function of the gun type, volume, charging pressure, depth and pressure. Then, it is possible to calculate in step 808 the absolute values of the sensitivities c a , c b , and c c .
  • the gun intensities M j values are not known.
  • at least two guns G, and G j are fired, sequentially.
  • distances L aj and L bj are calculated as discussed above with regard to step 804.
  • indices "a” and "b” in this discussion refer to any two guns and indices "i” and “j” refer to any two NFH sensors from a given sub-array.
  • step 812 From the definition of the wave intensity, it is possible to write the following equations in step 812: v ai ' L a i v b ⁇ ' Lbj V a ; ⁇ L a ; Vfrj 1 L b ;
  • the error in the sensitivity c a is amplified by the error in distances l_aj. Based on this observation and the existing data measurements, the error in the difference between two distances L aj and L bj (see equation (5)) is about 3%. Then, the error in the ratio cJCb may be brought to about 3%, given that the method discussed in Figure 5 has been used to calculate the real firing positions of the guns. If distances L aj are not calibrated with the method of Figure 5, then the error in the sensitivity ratio may get up to about 17%, which is about 1.4 dB.
  • equation (7) is used for calculating the sensitivity ratio, and there is some systematic error in calculating lengths L a j and Ui, then this error will cancel out, bringing the error in sensitivity to about 1 %, which is less than 0.1 dB of error.
  • step 814 the NFH sensor response NFHj for all "j" is calculated.
  • the reading of a NFH sensor is called herein a signature (measured in volt) and the ratio between the signature and the sensitivity c a of the sensor is the pressure reading (measured in barr).
  • the pressure readings i.e., the ratio of the signature reading and the corresponding sensitivity
  • the source signatures and measured pressures may be more accurately evaluated, which positively impacts the processing of seismic data in step 816.
  • an image of the subsurface generated in step 818 is more accurate, which helps the oil company drill the well faster and cheaper.
  • step 800 instead of firing each gun once, to fire it many times (e.g., 10 times) to create statistically meaningful data.
  • the calibration of the sensors and/or lengths may benefit from statistical methods to remove the random error.
  • the method of Figure 8 can obtain a better calibration of the hydrophone responses and can bring the incertitude to 0.5% of the incertitude of a traditional method that does not calibrate the geometry of the source array.
  • the novel methods calculate the hydrophone response to include the hydrophone sensitivity and the ADC impacts, so it is useful in cases with calibrated hydrophones or non-calibrated hydrophones.
  • a reliable hydrophone response is the base of all the NFH related works, so to bring its incertitude to a negligible level (0.1 dB versus 1.4dB before) is a notable achievement.
  • the computing device 1000 which can be controller 340, includes a processor 1002 that is connected through a bus 1004 to a storage device 1006.
  • Computing device 1000 may also include an input/output interface 1008 through which data can be exchanged with the processor and/or storage device.
  • a keyboard, mouse or other device may be connected to the input/output interface 1008 to send commands to the processor and/or to collect data stored in storage device or to provide data necessary to the processor.
  • the processor calculates based on functional block 1003, which includes the steps from Figures 5 and/or 8, the distances L aj between each gun and the NFH sensors using the above defined time point parameters (e.g., maximum peaks) recorded by the NFH sensors.
  • the processor may be used to process, for example, seismic data collected during the seismic survey. Results of this or another algorithm may be visualized on a screen 1010.
  • the disclosed exemplary embodiments provide a method and system for calibrating air gun positions and/or NFH sensors. It should be understood that this description is not intended to limit the invention. On the contrary, the exemplary embodiments are intended to cover alternatives, modifications and equivalents, which are included in the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Further, in the detailed description of the exemplary embodiments, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the claimed invention. However, one skilled in the art would understand that various embodiments may be practiced without such specific details.
  • the exemplary embodiments may combine hardware and software aspects.
  • the exemplary embodiments may combine hardware and software aspects.
  • embodiments may take the form of a computer-readable storage medium non-transitorily storing executable codes (i.e., a computer program) which when executed on a computer perform the above-described methods.
  • executable codes i.e., a computer program
  • Any suitable computer-readable medium may be utilized, including hard disks, CD-ROMs, digital versatile disc (DVD), optical storage devices, or magnetic storage devices such a floppy disk or magnetic tape.
  • Other non- limiting examples of computer-readable media include flash-type memories or other known memories.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Oceanography (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif informatique permettant d'étalonner un équipement marin. Le procédé consiste à tirer (500), pendant une phase d'étalonnage, un élément source (312), l'élément source (312) faisant partie d'un sous-réseau source (301) et une géométrie du sous-réseau (301) pendant la phase d'étalonnage étant sensiblement la même qu'une géométrie pendant une phase d'acquisition de données sismiques; à enregistrer (502) avec plusieurs capteurs en champ proche (320 à 325) des ondes directes provenant de l'élément source (312); à sélectionner (504) une fonction de coût (C); à calculer (506) des distances Li entre une position de tir réelle de l'élément source tiré (312) et la pluralité de capteurs en champ proche (320 à 325), en se basant sur les ondes directes enregistrées; et à calculer (508) la position de tir réelle de l'élément source tiré (312) en se basant sur les distances Li et la fonction de coût C.
PCT/IB2016/000979 2015-06-22 2016-06-15 Procédé d'étalonnage de la position d'un élément de mise à feu Ceased WO2016207720A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201562182651P 2015-06-22 2015-06-22
US62/182,651 2015-06-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016207720A1 true WO2016207720A1 (fr) 2016-12-29

Family

ID=56409650

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2016/000979 Ceased WO2016207720A1 (fr) 2015-06-22 2016-06-15 Procédé d'étalonnage de la position d'un élément de mise à feu

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2016207720A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109945967A (zh) * 2019-03-12 2019-06-28 中国人民解放军91388部队 一种多拖线阵阵元灵敏度并行测试系统
CN115963527A (zh) * 2021-10-13 2023-04-14 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种气枪震源气泡相对运动速度的测量方法及系统

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4476553A (en) 1981-05-29 1984-10-09 The British National Oil Corporation Method of determining the signatures of arrays of marine seismic sources
US20110122725A1 (en) * 2008-06-13 2011-05-26 Westerngeco Llc Position determination of a seismic source array
US20110122724A1 (en) * 2008-06-13 2011-05-26 Westerngeco Llc Position determination of a seismic source array
US20130258808A1 (en) * 2012-04-02 2013-10-03 Cggveritas Services Sa Method and device for detecting faults in a marine source array
US20130325427A1 (en) 2012-05-30 2013-12-05 Pgs Geophysical As Methods and systems for computing notional source signatures from near-field measurements and modeled notional signatures

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4476553A (en) 1981-05-29 1984-10-09 The British National Oil Corporation Method of determining the signatures of arrays of marine seismic sources
US20110122725A1 (en) * 2008-06-13 2011-05-26 Westerngeco Llc Position determination of a seismic source array
US20110122724A1 (en) * 2008-06-13 2011-05-26 Westerngeco Llc Position determination of a seismic source array
US20130258808A1 (en) * 2012-04-02 2013-10-03 Cggveritas Services Sa Method and device for detecting faults in a marine source array
US20130325427A1 (en) 2012-05-30 2013-12-05 Pgs Geophysical As Methods and systems for computing notional source signatures from near-field measurements and modeled notional signatures

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109945967A (zh) * 2019-03-12 2019-06-28 中国人民解放军91388部队 一种多拖线阵阵元灵敏度并行测试系统
CN109945967B (zh) * 2019-03-12 2021-03-23 中国人民解放军91388部队 一种多拖线阵阵元灵敏度并行测试系统
CN115963527A (zh) * 2021-10-13 2023-04-14 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种气枪震源气泡相对运动速度的测量方法及系统

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2180346A1 (fr) Procédé pour combiner les signaux sismiques de pression et de mouvement à partir de flûtes dans lesquelles les capteurs ne sont pas à une profondeur commune
US7957221B2 (en) Method for optimum combination of pressure and particle motion sensors for a 3-D spread of dual-sensor marine seismic streamers
EA037851B1 (ru) Способ сейсмической съемки
NO328966B1 (no) Fremgangsmate for innsamling og behandling av data fra seismikkundersokelser ved bruk av havbunnskabler og streamere
EP2196827B1 (fr) Procédé pour déterminer la qualité de signal dans des signaux de flûte sismique à double capteur
US9405025B2 (en) Method and device for detecting faults in a marine source array
WO2021142064A1 (fr) Systèmes et procédés pour effectuer une étude sismique dans des zones d'eau peu profondes
EP2669715B1 (fr) Procédés et systèmes permettant de calculer des signatures de source notionelles à partir de mesures de champ proche des signatures et des signatures notionnelles modélisées
Colin et al. Fine-scale velocity distribution revealed by datuming of very-high-resolution deep-towed seismic data: Example of a shallow-gas system from the western Black Sea
GB2560991A (en) Method for seismic acquisition and processing
WO2016207720A1 (fr) Procédé d'étalonnage de la position d'un élément de mise à feu
EP2775322A2 (fr) Appareil et procédé de détermination de signature en champ lointain à partir de données sismiques à profondeur variable
EP3112907B1 (fr) Séparation de champs d'ondes descendant et montant comprenant l'arrivée directe
US9354345B2 (en) Method and device for dynamic control of delays in gun controller
AU2014201392A1 (en) Method for optimizing the design of multiple-source arrays used in marine seismic surveys
AU2019288360B2 (en) Geometrical distribution for non-impulsive sources
JP2019536050A (ja) アクティブ超軽量地震検出システムを活用して地震取得を改善するための方法
Shen et al. Far-Field Directional Source Signature Acquisition, Processing, and Analysis: Taking a Janus–Helmholtz Transducer as an Example
AU2009235995B8 (en) Method for determining signal quality in dual sensor seismic streamer signals
Syamri et al. Optimization of Seismic Acquisition Design Using Ocean Bottom Nodes at'MHS'Field

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 16738545

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 16738545

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1