WO2017000711A1 - 一种探测器信号读出的通道复用方法 - Google Patents

一种探测器信号读出的通道复用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017000711A1
WO2017000711A1 PCT/CN2016/083418 CN2016083418W WO2017000711A1 WO 2017000711 A1 WO2017000711 A1 WO 2017000711A1 CN 2016083418 W CN2016083418 W CN 2016083418W WO 2017000711 A1 WO2017000711 A1 WO 2017000711A1
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Prior art keywords
signal
detector
signals
transmission line
readout
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PCT/CN2016/083418
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English (en)
French (fr)
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谢庆国
华越轩
温惠华
奚道明
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Raycan Technology Co Ltd
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Raycan Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to US15/575,634 priority Critical patent/US10153856B2/en
Priority to FIEP16817075.1T priority patent/FI3299847T3/fi
Priority to JP2018515341A priority patent/JP6679715B2/ja
Priority to EP16817075.1A priority patent/EP3299847B1/en
Publication of WO2017000711A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017000711A1/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/17—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular type of detector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
    • H04J3/02—Details
    • H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
    • H04J3/0602—Systems characterised by the synchronising information used
    • H04J3/0617—Systems characterised by the synchronising information used the synchronising signal being characterised by the frequency or phase
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/161—Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/161—Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting
    • G01T1/164—Scintigraphy
    • G01T1/1641—Static instruments for imaging the distribution of radioactivity in one or two dimensions using one or several scintillating elements; Radio-isotope cameras
    • G01T1/1642—Static instruments for imaging the distribution of radioactivity in one or two dimensions using one or several scintillating elements; Radio-isotope cameras using a scintillation crystal and position sensing photodetector arrays, e.g. ANGER cameras
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/161—Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting
    • G01T1/164—Scintigraphy
    • G01T1/1641—Static instruments for imaging the distribution of radioactivity in one or two dimensions using one or several scintillating elements; Radio-isotope cameras
    • G01T1/1647—Processing of scintigraphic data
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/161—Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting
    • G01T1/164—Scintigraphy
    • G01T1/1641—Static instruments for imaging the distribution of radioactivity in one or two dimensions using one or several scintillating elements; Radio-isotope cameras
    • G01T1/1648—Ancillary equipment for scintillation cameras, e.g. reference markers, devices for removing motion artifacts, calibration devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
    • G01T1/2914—Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
    • G01T1/2985—In depth localisation, e.g. using positron emitters; Tomographic imaging (longitudinal and transverse section imaging; apparatus for radiation diagnosis sequentially in different planes, steroscopic radiation diagnosis)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
    • A61B6/037—Emission tomography

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of nuclear detection technology and nuclear medicine imaging technology, in particular to a channel multiplexing method for detector signal readout.
  • PET Positron Emission Tomography
  • the mainstream read channel multiplexing method is to read out the signal of the detector in rows and columns and weight the output signal by using a resistor network.
  • the use of a resistor network for multiplexing although effectively reducing the read channel of the detector, solves the problem of too many channels.
  • the equivalent resistance of the resistor network for different detectors is different due to different signal access points, which ultimately causes a large difference in the amplitude of the output signals of different detectors.
  • the circuit has a high dynamic range.
  • the conventional processing circuit has a limited dynamic range. When a small signal is input, the signal-to-noise ratio is relatively poor, and when the input signal is too large, there is a problem of saturation.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a channel multiplexing method for detector signal readout, which can reduce the use of an electronic channel, can effectively reduce the dynamic range of the back-end readout circuit, and can reduce The back-end readout circuit requires time resolution.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a channel multiplexing method for detector signal readout which comprises the steps of:
  • the L detector signals are divided into M groups, the number of detectors in each group is at least 2, and the maximum is N, wherein the number of detector signals in the group a is P(a), The bth detector signal of group a is labeled Signal(a,b), M ⁇ 2, N ⁇ 2, 1 ⁇ a ⁇ M,1 ⁇ b ⁇ N;
  • step S2 dividing the L detector signals in step S1 into a first source signal and a second source signal;
  • S3 setting a first signal transmission line including two read channels of A and B, introducing a detector signal into the first signal transmission line, and introducing at least one first signal delay unit between the detector signals on the first signal transmission line ;
  • S4 setting a second signal transmission line including two read channels of C and D, introducing the detector signal into the second signal transmission line, and introducing at least one second signal delay unit between the detector signals on the second signal transmission line ;
  • S5 According to the four read channel pulses of A, B, C, and D, mark the source detector formed by the signal and obtain the final pulse information.
  • the first signal transmission line and the second signal transmission line are orthogonal structures, and the position information on the transmission line is divided by the delay unit.
  • two sets of detectors corresponding to the spatial position are respectively connected to the first signal transmission line and the second signal transmission line.
  • the two readout channels of the detector itself are respectively connected to the first signal transmission line and the second signal transmission line.
  • the first source signal including the detector in the group a is regarded as a first signal
  • the M groups form M first signals.
  • the M first signals are introduced into the first signal transmission line, and at least one of the first signal delay units is disposed between two adjacent first signals of the M first signals.
  • the channel multiplexing method for detecting the signal of the detector preferably, the first signal delay
  • the element includes a plurality of at least one first signal delay unit disposed between each adjacent two first signals of the M first signals.
  • the second source signal of each group b detector in the M group is regarded as a second signal, and finally N second is formed.
  • a signal the N second signals are introduced into the second signal transmission line, and at least one of the delay units is disposed between two adjacent second signals of the N second signals.
  • the second signal delay unit includes a plurality of the second signal delay units, and at least one of each of the two adjacent second signals is disposed between the second signal delay units. Two signal delay unit.
  • the time difference is calculated, the time difference between the signals reaching the C and D readout channels is calculated, the source and row number of the signal are determined by the time difference, and the source detector formed by the two sets of time difference mark signals is used.
  • the subtraction circuit is used to obtain the difference pulse between the A and B read channels and the C and D read channel pulses respectively, and the difference pulse is used.
  • the pulse width characterizes the time difference between the signal reaching the A, B read channel and the C, D read channel.
  • the subtraction circuit is used to obtain the difference pulse between the A and B read channels and the C and D read channel pulses respectively, and the difference pulse is used.
  • the amplitude characterization signal arrives at the time difference of the A, B readout channels and the C, D readout channels.
  • the time difference between the signal arrival A and the B read channel is x
  • the time difference between the signal arrival C and the D read channel is y
  • the probability is calculated.
  • the distribution function g(x, y) calculates the position of L detectors on g(x, y) according to the circuit structure, and calculates the dividing line between adjacent detectors on g(x, y) to distinguish The distribution area of the detector on g(x, y).
  • the time difference between the signal arrival A and the B read channel is x
  • the time difference between the signal arrival C and the D read channel is y
  • the probability is calculated.
  • the distribution function g(x, y) calculates the position of L detectors on g(x, y) according to the probability distribution function g(x, y), and calculates between adjacent detectors on g(x, y) The dividing line to distinguish the distribution of different detectors on g(x, y).
  • the time difference between the signal arrival A and the B read channel is x
  • the time difference between the signal arrival C and the D read channel is y
  • the probability is calculated.
  • the distribution function g(x, y) calculates the position of the L detectors on g(x, y) according to the circuit structure, and takes a certain area around this position as the distribution area of the corresponding detector on g(x, y).
  • the time difference between the signal arrival A and the B read channel is x
  • the time difference between the signal arrival C and the D read channel is y
  • the probability is calculated.
  • the distribution function g(x, y) calculates the position of L detectors on g(x, y) according to the probability distribution function g(x, y), taking a certain area around this position as the corresponding detector at g(x, The distribution area on y).
  • a channel multiplexing method for detector signal readout which comprises the steps of:
  • S1 The L detector signals are divided into M groups, the number of detectors in each group is at least 2, and the maximum is N, wherein the number of detector signals in the group a is P(a), The bth detector signal of group a is labeled Signal(a,b), M ⁇ 2, N ⁇ 2, 1 ⁇ a ⁇ M,1 ⁇ b ⁇ N;
  • S2 L detector signals in step S1 Dividing into a first source signal and a second source signal;
  • S3 setting a first signal transmission line including two read channels of A and B, introducing the detector signal into the first signal transmission line, and positioning the detector on the first signal transmission line Introducing at least one first signal delay unit between the signals;
  • S4 setting a second signal transmission line including two read channels of C and D, introducing the detector signal into the second signal transmission line, and detecting on the second signal transmission line At least one second signal delay unit is introduced between the signals;
  • S5 according to the four read channel pulses of A, B, C, and D, the source detector formed by the signal is marked and the
  • the invention avoids the use of a large number of electronic channels, reduces the cost of the entire PET electronic system and the difficulty of engineering implementation; at the same time, the time division multiplexing design of the transmission line ensures the signal waveform and one-to-one readout of the detector output at different positions.
  • the method is similar, which reduces the requirement of the dynamic range of the back-end readout circuit.
  • the delay unit is added, which greatly reduces the requirement of the time resolution of the back-end readout circuit.
  • each of the M groups includes the same number of detectors, all of which are N.
  • M ⁇ N L, M ⁇ 2, N ⁇ 2.
  • the number of detectors in each row may be the same or may be inconsistent, and has no effect on the implementation of the method, and the specific implementation may be determined according to actual conditions.
  • the first signal transmission line and the second signal transmission line are orthogonal structures, and the position information on the transmission line is divided by the delay unit.
  • the signals are respectively connected to two orthogonal transmission lines, and the position of the detector of the output signal is located according to the position interval determined by the two transmission lines, and the output of an area array detector is obtained by four readout channels.
  • the two sets of detectors corresponding to the spatial position are respectively connected to the first signal transmission line and the second signal transmission line, or the two readout channels of the detector are respectively connected to the first signal transmission line and the second signal transmission line.
  • the technical solution provides a way for two detectors to connect the transmission line, and can be selected according to the actual detector situation. For example, if the detector itself has two readout channels, then the two readout channels can be selected to be used for the transmission line. Connection.
  • the first source signal including the detector in the group a is regarded as a first signal
  • the M groups form M first signals
  • the M first signals are introduced into the first signal transmission line.
  • At least one of the first signal delay units is disposed between two adjacent first signals of the M first signals.
  • the first signal delay unit comprises a plurality of, and at least one first signal delay unit is disposed between each adjacent two first signals of the M first signals.
  • the technical solution adds a delay unit to each unit of the first signal, which facilitates the calculation of the time difference.
  • the second source signal of each group b detector in the M group is regarded as a second signal, and finally N second signals are formed, and the N second signals are introduced into the second signal transmission line. At least one of the delay units is disposed between two adjacent second signals of the N second signals.
  • the second signal delay unit comprises a plurality of, and at least one second signal delay unit is disposed between each adjacent two second signals of the N second signals.
  • the technical solution adds a delay unit to each unit of the first signal, which facilitates the calculation of the time difference.
  • the time difference between the signals reaching the A and B read channels is calculated, and the time difference between the signals reaching the C and D read channels is calculated.
  • Determine the source and column number of the signal by the time difference and use the two sets of time difference to mark the signal The source detector formed.
  • there are various methods for calculating the time difference If the four sets of pulse information are digitized first, the time difference can be calculated according to the arrival times of the four readout channels, and digitizing the pulse as early as possible can reduce the subsequent analog circuits. Interference.
  • the subtraction circuit is used to obtain the difference pulse between the A and B read channels and the C and D read channel pulses, and the pulse width of the difference pulse is used to represent the signal to the A and B read channels and C. D read out the time difference of the channel.
  • the pulse width of the difference pulse can be used to represent the time difference. If the same pulse has a certain phase difference, the width of the difference pulse can represent the phase difference. This method can reduce the readout circuit of the latter stage. number.
  • the subtraction circuit is used to obtain the difference pulse between the A and B read channels and the C and D read channel pulses, and the amplitude of the difference pulse is used to represent the signal to reach the A and B read channels and C. D read out the time difference of the channel.
  • the amplitude of the difference pulse can represent the time difference, and the peak detection method can be used instead of the time measurement to reduce the circuit complexity.
  • the time difference between the signals arriving at the A and B read channels is x
  • the time difference between the signals arriving at the C and D read channels is y
  • the probability distribution function g(x, y) is calculated
  • L is calculated according to the circuit structure.
  • the position of the detector on the probability density function is calculated by the circuit structure parameter, which can reduce the difficulty of the debugging link and increase the production capacity in large-scale production.
  • the time difference between the signals arriving at the A and B read channels is x
  • the time difference between the signals arriving at the C and D read channels is y
  • the probability distribution function g(x, y) is calculated, according to the probability distribution function g. (x, y) calculate the position of the L detectors on g(x, y) and calculate the dividing line between adjacent detectors on g(x, y) to distinguish the different detectors in g(x, The distribution area on y).
  • the dividing line between different detector positions is used as the sub-region of the detector on the probability density function, which can improve the detection efficiency of the system, and each event will be assigned a position.
  • the time difference between the signals arriving at the A and B read channels is x
  • the time difference between the signals arriving at the C and D read channels is y
  • the probability distribution function g(x, y) is calculated
  • L is calculated according to the circuit structure.
  • the position of the detector on g(x, y) takes a certain area around this position as the distribution area of the corresponding detector on g(x, y).
  • a certain area around the position is adopted as The detector's sub-region on the probability density function can remove those events that are easy to distinguish errors and improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
  • the time difference between the signals arriving at the A and B read channels is x
  • the time difference between the signals arriving at the C and D read channels is y
  • the probability distribution function g(x, y) is calculated, according to the probability distribution function g. (x, y) Calculate the position of the L detectors on g(x, y), taking a certain area around this position as the distribution area of the corresponding detector on g(x, y).
  • the existing data is used to obtain a probability density function, which can reflect various distribution parameters in the detector array, and the obtained position is more accurate and more suitable for the array.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a pulse signal introduced into a transmission line provided with readout circuits at both ends;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of adding a delay unit to the transmission line of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of introducing a pulse signal into a transmission line having readout circuits at both ends and introducing a plurality of delay units on one transmission line;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing a laminated structure of a detector
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of an array of 4 x 4 area array crystals
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of a first signal transmission line of a detector circuit board in a channel multiplexing method for detector signal readout according to the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of a second signal transmission line of a detector circuit board in a channel multiplexing method for detector signal readout according to the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a first signal transmission line and a second signal transmission line in a channel multiplexing method for detector signal readout according to the present invention.
  • the invention discloses a channel multiplexing method for detector signal readout, which can reduce the use of an electronic channel, can effectively reduce the dynamic range requirement of the back-end readout circuit, and can reduce the back-end readout circuit time. Resolution requirements.
  • the position interval of the transmission line (between the two delay units) can be located according to the time difference.
  • 100 represents an array crystal
  • 200 represents a SIPM detector circuit board 1
  • 300 represents a SIPM detector circuit board 2.
  • the detector includes a plurality of types, such as a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), which is composed of a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) circuit board and coupled thereto.
  • SiPM silicon photomultiplier
  • the array crystal is formed thereon, and the laminated structure of the detector is as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an array crystal of a 4 ⁇ 4 area array.
  • the technical solution of the present invention will be described below by way of example.
  • the present invention discloses a channel multiplexing method for detector signal readout, which is specifically Including steps:
  • the L detector signals are divided into M groups, the number of detectors in each group is at least 2, and the maximum is N, wherein the number of detector signals in the group a is P(a), The bth detector signal of group a is labeled Signal(a,b), M ⁇ 2, N ⁇ 2, 1 ⁇ a ⁇ M,1 ⁇ b ⁇ N;
  • step S2 dividing the L detector signals in step S1 into a first source signal and a second source signal;
  • S3 setting a first signal transmission line including two read channels of A and B, introducing a detector signal into the first signal transmission line, and introducing at least one first signal delay unit between the detector signals on the first signal transmission line ;
  • S4 setting a second signal transmission line including two read channels of C and D, and guiding the detector signal Inserting a second signal transmission line and introducing at least one second signal delay unit between the detector signals on the second signal transmission line;
  • S5 According to the four read channel pulses of A, B, C, and D, mark the source detector formed by the signal and obtain the final pulse information.
  • the invention avoids the use of a large number of electronic channels, reduces the cost of the entire PET electronic system and the difficulty of engineering implementation; at the same time, the time division multiplexing design of the transmission line ensures the signal waveform and one-to-one readout of the detector output at different positions.
  • the method is similar, which reduces the requirement of the dynamic range of the back-end readout circuit.
  • the delay unit is added, which greatly reduces the requirement of the time resolution of the back-end readout circuit.
  • the number of detectors included in each group of the M group may be different, and may of course be the same.
  • the number of detectors in each row can be the same or inconsistent, and has no effect on the implementation of this method. The specific implementation can be determined according to the actual situation.
  • the first signal transmission line and the second signal transmission line are orthogonal structures, and the position information on the transmission line is divided by the delay unit.
  • the two sets of detectors corresponding to the spatial position are respectively connected to the first signal transmission line and the second signal transmission line, or the two readout channels of the detector itself may be respectively connected to the first signal transmission line and the first Two signal transmission lines.
  • the actual meaning is to set two sets of orthogonal transmission lines (if orthogonal and vertical, can be named as row and column transmission lines), the position information (detector grouping) on the transmission line is divided by the delay unit, and the detector can set the spatial position.
  • the corresponding two groups are respectively connected to two transmission lines, and two readings of one detector can be respectively connected to the transmission line (in this case, the two readout signals can also be regarded as signals corresponding to the spatial position).
  • the signals are respectively connected to two orthogonal transmission lines, and the position of the detector of the output signal is located according to the position interval determined by the two transmission lines, and the output of an area array detector is obtained by four readout channels.
  • the detector can be a SiPM or photodiode or other detector with only one channel output.
  • detectors with only one channel output such as photomultiplier tube (PMT)
  • PMT photomultiplier tube
  • the detectors are respectively connected to two transmission lines, and b. one output signal is divided into two paths through an analog circuit, and two transmission lines are respectively connected.
  • SiPM Silicon photo-multiple
  • this detector can simultaneously read signals from two channels, namely anode and cathode, respectively, SiPM Do the ranks
  • the cathode and the anode can be separately led out to form two paths.
  • the first source signal and the second source signal may be derived from the same detector, or may be derived from two detectors corresponding to the spatial position.
  • the first source signal including the detector in the group a is regarded as a first signal
  • the M groups form M first signals
  • the M first signals are introduced into the first signal transmission line, at least one
  • the first signal delay unit is disposed between two adjacent first signals of the M first signals.
  • the second source signal of each group b detector in the M group is regarded as a second signal, and finally N second signals are formed, and the N second signals are introduced into the second signal transmission line, at least One of the delay units is disposed between two adjacent second signals of the N second signals.
  • the first signal delay unit and the second signal delay unit may each include a plurality of, and at least one first signal delay unit is disposed between each adjacent two first signals of the M first signals. At least one second signal delay unit is disposed between each adjacent two second signals of the N second signals.
  • the technical solution adds a delay unit to each unit of the first signal, which facilitates the calculation of the time difference.
  • the gamma photons are converted into visible light photons by the scintillation crystal, they are detected by the detectors at both ends, and the transmission lines of the detector circuits at both ends are orthogonal, so that the position information of the two transmission lines can be determined.
  • the crystal strip in which the gamma photon is converted that is, the position at which the gamma photon is incident.
  • DOI Electronicgy Depth Depth
  • the S5 is implemented by measuring the time when the signal reaches the four read channels of A, B, C, and D, calculating the time difference between the signals reaching the A and B read channels, and calculating the signals reaching the C and D read channels.
  • the time difference is determined by the time difference to determine the source and column number of the signal, and the source detector formed by the two sets of time difference mark signals is used. There are many ways to find the time difference. If the four sets of pulse information are digitized first, the time difference can be calculated according to the arrival time of the four readout channels. Digitizing the pulse as early as possible can reduce the interference of the subsequent analog circuits.
  • the method for obtaining the time difference further includes but is not limited to the following two types:
  • the first type using the subtraction circuit to obtain the difference pulse between the A and B read channels and the C and D read channel pulses, and the pulse width of the difference pulse is used to represent the signal to the A and B read channels and C and D readout.
  • the time difference of the channel The pulse width of the difference pulse is used to characterize the time difference. If the same pulse has a certain phase difference, the width of the difference pulse can represent the phase difference. This method can reduce the number of read circuit channels in the latter stage.
  • the second type in the S5, the subtraction circuit is used to obtain the difference pulse between the A and B read channels and the C and D read channel pulses, and the amplitude of the difference pulse is used to represent the signal to the A and B read channels. C, D read out the time difference of the channel.
  • the amplitude of the difference pulse can represent the time difference, and the peak detection method can be used instead of the time measurement to reduce the circuit complexity.
  • the source and column numbers of the signal are determined by the time difference, and the method for using the source detector formed by the two sets of time difference flag signals includes the following:
  • the time difference between the read channel of A and B is x
  • the time difference between the read channel of C and D is y
  • the probability distribution function g(x, y) is calculated according to the probability distribution function g ( x, y) calculate the position of the L detectors on g(x, y) and calculate the dividing line between adjacent detectors on g(x, y) to distinguish the different detectors in g(x, y The distribution area on the ).
  • This probability density function is to give a reference to the location of the detector afterwards.
  • the position of the detector from the probability density function, which is “identified” from the probability density function by a certain calculation method (for example, we assign the white spot on that position spectrum to the part around it, ie, the square Within the grid as the position corresponding to the detector).
  • the obtained (x, y) value is compared in the obtained probability density map to characterize or distinguish which detector the pulse is from.
  • Using the dividing line between different detector positions as the sub-region of the detector on the probability density function can improve the detection efficiency of the system, and each event will be assigned a position.
  • the probability distribution function g (x, y)
  • L detectors according to the circuit structure in g (x , y) the position
  • Probability Density The function can be used to identify the position of the detector.
  • the corresponding (x, y) of a detector in the array can also be obtained.
  • the corresponding time difference (x, y) can be calculated by the length of the distance that a certain detector transmits to the two readout channels on a certain transmission line. This value can also be used as the basis for the position of the detector corresponding to the pulse when the data is acquired subsequently.
  • the position information calibration of the detector can be calculated. Calculating the position of the detector on the probability density function by the circuit structure parameters can reduce the difficulty of the debugging link and increase the productivity in mass production.
  • the time difference between the read channel of A and B is x
  • the time difference of the read channel of C and D is y
  • the probability distribution function g(x, y) is calculated
  • L pieces are calculated according to the circuit structure.
  • the position of the detector on g(x, y) takes a certain area around this position as the distribution area of the corresponding detector on g(x, y).
  • Using a certain area around the location as a sub-region of the detector on the probability density function can remove those events that are easy to distinguish errors and improve the signal-to-noise ratio.
  • the time difference between the A and B read channels is x
  • the time difference between the C and D read channels is y
  • the probability distribution function g(x, y) is calculated, according to the probability distribution function g ( x, y) calculates the position of the L detectors on g(x, y), taking a certain area around this position as the distribution area of the corresponding detector on g(x, y).
  • the existing data is used to obtain the probability density function, which can reflect various distribution parameters in the detector array, and the obtained position is more accurate and more suitable for the array.
  • the separation line is used to distinguish the positions of different detectors
  • all the information we collect later will be assigned to a detector of its own, that is, a Your own location.
  • the detector sensitivity is higher. That is, all detected pulses are not "wasted".
  • the probability distribution function g(x, y) is not directly obtained, and there is a process of statistical calculation. First, you need to collect a certain amount of data. If 10,000 pulses are detected, then you will get 10000 (x, y). You need to count the probability of the 10,000 (x, y) in the fine degree we need to describe. Or its number. For example, if the difference has 100 in one place (x, y) and 50 in another (x, y), the statistical 3D graph is the probability density function, that is, by collecting a part of the data, The probability density function can be used to obtain the position information calibration of the detector.

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Abstract

一种探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，包括步骤：将L个探测器分组形成第一源信号和第二源信号；将L个探测器信号分别引入包括A、B两个读出通道的第一信号传输线及包括C、D两个读出通道的第二信号传输线，在第一信号传输线和第二信号传输线上同时引入第一信号延时单元和第二信号延时单元；根据A、B、C、D四个读出通道脉冲，标记信号形成的源探测器并获得最终脉冲信息。该方法对于一个面阵探测器只需要四个读出通道，有效解决了一对一读出通道数过多的问题，传输线的时分复用设计保证了不同位置的探测器输出的信号波形与一对一读出方式类似，降低了对后端读出电路动态范围的要求，且加入延时单元，大大降低了后端读出电路时间分辨率的要求。

Description

一种探测器信号读出的通道复用方法
本申请要求于2015年06月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为201510367105.5、发明名称为“一种探测器信号读出的通道复用方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及核探测技术和核医学成像技术领域，尤其涉及一种探测器信号读出的通道复用方法。
背景技术
一台临床正电子发射断层成像(Positron Emission Tomography，以下简称PET)设备中，探测器的数量多达3万片。直接读出每一个探测器产生的电信号，需要3万个电子学处理通道。数量众多的电子学通道，使得整个PET电子学系统造价昂贵且工程实现困难。
针对上述情况，研究人员将目光集中在了探测器信号读出的通道复用技术的研究和开发。目前主流的读出通道复用方法是将探测器的信号按行和列将输出信号利用电阻网络进行加权后读出。
采用电阻网络进行复用，虽然有效降低了探测器的读出通道，解决了通道数过多的问题。但是采用电阻网络时，由于信号接入点的不同，电阻网络针对不同探测器的等效电阻也不一样，最终引起不同探测器的输出信号的幅值存在较大的差异，要求后端读出电路拥有较高的动态范围。而目前常规的处理电路，动态范围有限，输入较小的信号时信噪比较差，出入信号过大时，又会存在饱和的问题。
因此，针对上述技术问题，有必要提供一种改良结构的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，以克服上述缺陷，有效解决探测器通道复用后输出信号的动态范围过大的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，该方法能减少电子学通道的使用，能有效降低对后端读出电路动态范围的要求，并能降低后端读出电路时间分辨率的要求。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，其具体包括步骤：
S1：将L个探测器信号分为M组，每组中探测器的个数至少为2个，最大为N个，其中，第a组中探测器信号的个数为P(a)，
Figure PCTCN2016083418-appb-000001
第a组的第b个探测器信号标记为Signal(a,b)，M≥2，N≥2，1≤a≤M，1≤b≤N；
S2：将步骤S1中L个探测器信号分为第一源信号和第二源信号；
S3：设置包括A、B两个读出通道的第一信号传输线，将探测器信号引入第一信号传输线，并在第一信号传输线上位于探测器信号之间引入至少一个第一信号延时单元；
S4：设置包括C、D两个读出通道的第二信号传输线，将探测器信号引入第二信号传输线，并在第二信号传输线上位于探测器信号之间引入至少一个第二信号延时单元；
S5：根据A、B、C、D四个读出通道脉冲，标记信号形成的源探测器并获得最终脉冲信息。
上述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，优选地，所述S1中，所述M组中每组包括的探测器个数相同，均为N个，其中，M×N＝L，M≥2，N≥2。
上述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，优选地，所述第一信号传输线与第二信号传输线为正交结构，传输线上的位置信息由延时单元分割。
上述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，优选地，所述S3及S4中，将空间位置对应的两组探测器分别连入第一信号传输线与第二信号传输线。
上述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，优选地，所述S3及S4中，将探测器自身的两个读出通道分别连入第一信号传输线与第二信号传输线。
上述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，优选地，所述S3中，将第a组中包含探测器的第一源信号看作为一个第一信号，最终M组形成M个第一信号，所述M个第一信号引入第一信号传输线，至少一个所述第一信号延时单元设置于M个第一信号中相邻两个第一信号之间。
上述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，优选地，所述第一信号延时单 元包括若干个，所述M个第一信号中每相邻两个第一信号之间设置至少一个第一信号延时单元。
上述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，优选地，所述S4中，将M组中每组第b个探测器的第二源信号看作为一个第二信号，最终形成N个第二信号，所述N个第二信号引入第二信号传输线，至少一个所述延时单元设置于N个第二信号中相邻两个第二信号之间。
上述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，优选地，所述第二信号延时单元包括若干个，所述N个第二信号中每相邻两个第二信号之间设置至少一个第二信号延时单元。
上述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，优选地，所述S5中，测量信号到达A、B、C、D四个读出通道的时间，计算得到信号到达A、B读出通道的时间差，计算得到信号到达C、D读出通道的时间差，通过时间差判断该信号的源行列号，利用这两组时间差标记信号形成的源探测器。
上述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，优选地，所述S5中，采用减法电路分别获得A、B读出通道与C、D读出通道脉冲的差值脉冲，以差值脉冲的脉宽表征信号到达A、B读出通道以及C、D读出通道的时间差。
上述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，优选地，所述S5中，采用减法电路分别获得A、B读出通道与C、D读出通道脉冲的差值脉冲，以差值脉冲的幅值表征信号到达A、B读出通道以及C、D读出通道的时间差。
上述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，优选地，所述S5中，记信号到达A、B读出通道时间差为x，记信号到达C、D读出通道时间差为y，计算得到概率分布函数g(x，y)，根据电路结构计算L个探测器在g(x，y)上的位置，并计算g(x，y)上相邻探测器之间的分割线，以区分不同探测器在g(x，y)上的分布区域。
上述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，优选地，所述S5中，记信号到达A、B读出通道时间差为x，记信号到达C、D读出通道时间差为y，计算得到概率分布函数g(x，y)，根据概率分布函数g(x，y)计算L个探测器在g(x，y)上的位置，并计算g(x，y)上相邻探测器之间的分割线，以区分不同探测器在g(x，y)上的分布区域。
上述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，优选地，所述S5中，记信号到达A、B读出通道时间差为x，记信号到达C、D读出通道时间差为y，计算得到概率分布函数g(x，y)，根据电路结构计算L个探测器在g(x，y)上的位置，取此位置周围一定区域作为对应探测器在g(x，y)上的分布区域。
上述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，优选地，所述S5中，记信号到达A、B读出通道时间差为x，记信号到达C、D读出通道时间差为y，计算得到概率分布函数g(x，y)，根据概率分布函数g(x，y)计算L个探测器在g(x，y)上的位置，取此位置周围一定区域作为对应探测器在g(x，y)上的分布区域。
以上技术方案相对于现有技术具有如下优点：
1、一种探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，其具体包括步骤：
S1：将L个探测器信号分为M组，每组中探测器的个数至少为2个，最大为N个，其中，第a组中探测器信号的个数为P(a)，
Figure PCTCN2016083418-appb-000002
第a组的第b个探测器信号标记为Signal(a,b)，M≥2，N≥2，1≤a≤M，1≤b≤N；S2：将步骤S1中L个探测器信号分为第一源信号和第二源信号；S3：设置包括A、B两个读出通道的第一信号传输线，将探测器信号引入第一信号传输线，并在第一信号传输线上位于探测器信号之间引入至少一个第一信号延时单元；S4：设置包括C、D两个读出通道的第二信号传输线，将探测器信号引入第二信号传输线，并在第二信号传输线上位于探测器信号之间引入至少一个第二信号延时单元；S5：根据A、B、C、D四个读出通道脉冲，标记信号形成的源探测器并获得最终脉冲信息。本发明避免使用数量众多的电子学通道，降低了整个PET电子学系统造价的成本及工程实现难度；同时传输线的时分复用设计保证了不同位置的探测器输出的信号波形与一对一读出方式类似，降低了对后端读出电路动态范围的要求，另外，加入延时单元，大大降低了后端读出电路时间分辨率的要求。
2、所述S1中，所述M组中每组包括的探测器个数相同，均为N个，其 中，M×N＝L，M≥2，N≥2。本技术方案中，每一行探测器数量可以一致，也可以不一致，对本方法实现并无影响，具体实施可根据实际情况来定。
3、所述第一信号传输线与第二信号传输线为正交结构，传输线上的位置信息由延时单元分割。本技术方案将信号分别接入两条正交的传输线，根据两传输线分别确定的位置区间定位输出信号的探测器的位置，以四个读出通道得到一个面阵探测器的输出。
4、将空间位置对应的两组探测器分别连入第一信号传输线与第二信号传输线，或将探测器自身的两个读出通道分别连入第一信号传输线与第二信号传输线。本技术方案提供两种探测器连接传输线的方式，可以根据实际探测器情况进行选择适用，比如，如果探测器本身就有两个读出通道，那么可以选择利用该两个读出通道进行与传输线的连接。
5、所述S3中，将第a组中包含探测器的第一源信号看作为一个第一信号，最终M组形成M个第一信号，所述M个第一信号引入第一信号传输线，至少一个所述第一信号延时单元设置于M个第一信号中相邻两个第一信号之间。本技术方案通过加入延时单元，大大降低了后端读出电路时间分辨率的要求。
6、所述第一信号延时单元包括若干个，所述M个第一信号中每相邻两个第一信号之间设置至少一个第一信号延时单元。本技术方案以每个第一信号为一个单元加入延时单元，便于时间差的计算。
7、所述S4中，将M组中每组第b个探测器的第二源信号看作为一个第二信号，最终形成N个第二信号，所述N个第二信号引入第二信号传输线，至少一个所述延时单元设置于N个第二信号中相邻两个第二信号之间。本技术方案通过加入延时单元，大大降低了后端读出电路时间分辨率的要求。
8、所述第二信号延时单元包括若干个，所述N个第二信号中每相邻两个第二信号之间设置至少一个第二信号延时单元。本技术方案以每个第一信号为一个单元加入延时单元，便于时间差的计算。
9、所述S5中，测量信号到达A、B、C、D四个读出通道的时间，计算得到信号到达A、B读出通道的时间差，计算得到信号到达C、D读出通道的时间差，通过时间差判断该信号的源行列号，利用这两组时间差标记信号 形成的源探测器。本技术方案中，求时间差的方法有多种，若先将四组脉冲信息数字化，可以根据四个读出通道的到达时间来计算时间差值，尽可能早的将脉冲数字化可以减少后续模拟电路的干扰。
10、所述S5中，采用减法电路分别获得A、B读出通道与C、D读出通道脉冲的差值脉冲，以差值脉冲的脉宽表征信号到达A、B读出通道以及C、D读出通道的时间差。本技术方案中，可采用差值脉冲的脉宽表征时间差值，相同的脉冲若有一定相位差，那么其差值脉冲的宽度可以表征该相位差，此方法可以减少后级读出电路通道数目。
11、所述S5中，采用减法电路分别获得A、B读出通道与C、D读出通道脉冲的差值脉冲，以差值脉冲的幅值表征信号到达A、B读出通道以及C、D读出通道的时间差。本技术方案中，在脉冲相位与上升沿时间合适时，差值脉冲的幅值可表征时间差值，可以用峰值检测方式代替时间测量，减少电路复杂程度。
12、所述S5中，记信号到达A、B读出通道时间差为x，记信号到达C、D读出通道时间差为y，计算得到概率分布函数g(x，y)，根据电路结构计算L个探测器在g(x，y)上的位置，并计算g(x，y)上相邻探测器之间的分割线，以区分不同探测器在g(x，y)上的分布区域。本技术方案中，通过电路结构参数计算探测器在概率密度函数上的位置，可以减少调试环节难度，在大规模生产中提高产能。
13、所述S5中，记信号到达A、B读出通道时间差为x，记信号到达C、D读出通道时间差为y，计算得到概率分布函数g(x，y)，根据概率分布函数g(x，y)计算L个探测器在g(x，y)上的位置，并计算g(x，y)上相邻探测器之间的分割线，以区分不同探测器在g(x，y)上的分布区域。本技术方案中，采用不同探测器位置之间分割线作为探测器在概率密度函数上的分部区域，可以提高系统的探测效率，每一次事件会为之分配一个位置。
14、所述S5中，记信号到达A、B读出通道时间差为x，记信号到达C、D读出通道时间差为y，计算得到概率分布函数g(x，y)，根据电路结构计算L个探测器在g(x，y)上的位置，取此位置周围一定区域作为对应探测器在g(x，y)上的分布区域。本技术方案中，采用位置周围一定区域作为 探测器在概率密度函数上的分部区域，可以去除那些易区分错误的事件，提高信噪比。
15、所述S5中，记信号到达A、B读出通道时间差为x，记信号到达C、D读出通道时间差为y，计算得到概率分布函数g(x，y)，根据概率分布函数g(x，y)计算L个探测器在g(x，y)上的位置，取此位置周围一定区域作为对应探测器在g(x，y)上的分布区域。本技术方案中，采用已有数据获得概率密度函数，该方式可以体现探测器阵列中的各种分布参数，所获得位置更为准确、更适合本阵列。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为将脉冲信号引入两端设有读出电路的传输线的示意图；
图2为在图1的传输线上添加延时单元的示意图；
图3为将脉冲信号引入两端设有读出电路的传输线并在一条传输线上引入若干延时单元的示意图；
图4为一种探测器的叠层结构的示意图；
图5为一种4×4面阵的阵列晶体的示意图；
图6为本发明探测器信号读出的通道复用方法中探测器电路板第一信号传输线的分布示意图；
图7为本发明探测器信号读出的通道复用方法中探测器电路板第二信号传输线的分布示意图；
图8为本发明探测器信号读出的通道复用方法中第一信号传输线与第二信号传输线正交的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，该方法能减少电子学通道的使用，能有效降低对后端读出电路动态范围的要求，并能降低后端读出电路时间分辨率的要求。
如图1所示，将脉冲信号引入两端设有读出电路的传输线时，其信号会分别向接入点两侧传播。如图2所示，此时，若在传输线上添加延时单元，由于信号在传输线上的传播速度远大于通过延时单元的速度，所以信号到达两端读出通道的时间差将由传输线上的延时单元决定。进一步的，如图3所示，在一条传输线上引入若干延时单元，因为延时单元的延时远大于接入点之间的时间差，所以若以同一信号到达两端的时间差为依据，接入传输线的信号将分为延时单元间的几组，即通过测量信号的时间差，就可根据时间差定位出其进入传输线的位置区间(在哪两个延时单元之间)。图3中，100代表阵列晶体，200代表SIPM探测器电路板1,300代表SIPM探测器电路板2。
将上述原型应用至PET探测器中，探测器包括很多种，比如硅光电倍增管(Silicon photomultiplier，简称SiPM)，该种探测器由硅光电倍增管(Silicon photomultiplier，简称SiPM)电路板及耦合在其上的阵列晶体构成，探测器的叠层结构如图4所示。
如图5所示，图5为一种4×4面阵的阵列晶体的示意图，下面将以此为范例对本发明的技术方案进行描述。
如图6至图8所示，其中，400代表读出通道，500代表传输线，600代表延时单元，700代表SIPM，本发明公开了一种探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，其具体包括步骤：
S1：将L个探测器信号分为M组，每组中探测器的个数至少为2个，最大为N个，其中，第a组中探测器信号的个数为P(a)，
Figure PCTCN2016083418-appb-000003
第a组的第b个探测器信号标记为Signal(a,b)，M≥2，N≥2，1≤a≤M，1≤b≤N；
S2：将步骤S1中L个探测器信号分为第一源信号和第二源信号；
S3：设置包括A、B两个读出通道的第一信号传输线，将探测器信号引入第一信号传输线，并在第一信号传输线上位于探测器信号之间引入至少一个第一信号延时单元；
S4：设置包括C、D两个读出通道的第二信号传输线，将探测器信号引 入第二信号传输线，并在第二信号传输线上位于探测器信号之间引入至少一个第二信号延时单元；
S5：根据A、B、C、D四个读出通道脉冲，标记信号形成的源探测器并获得最终脉冲信息。
本发明避免使用数量众多的电子学通道，降低了整个PET电子学系统造价的成本及工程实现难度；同时传输线的时分复用设计保证了不同位置的探测器输出的信号波形与一对一读出方式类似，降低了对后端读出电路动态范围的要求，另外，加入延时单元，大大降低了后端读出电路时间分辨率的要求。
所述S1中，所述M组中每组包括的探测器个数可以不相同，当然也可以相同，当M组中每组包括的探测器个数相同时，比如数目均为N个，其中，M×N＝L，M≥2，N≥2。每一行探测器数量可以一致，也可以不一致，对本方法实现并无影响，具体实施可根据实际情况来定。
所述第一信号传输线与第二信号传输线为正交结构，传输线上的位置信息由延时单元分割。所述S3及S4中，将空间位置对应的两组探测器分别连入第一信号传输线与第二信号传输线，或者可以将探测器自身的两个读出通道分别连入第一信号传输线与第二信号传输线。实际的意思是设置两组正交的传输线(若正交且垂直，可命名为行、列传输线)，传输线上的位置信息(探测器分组)由延时单元分割，探测器既可以设置空间位置对应的两组分别连入两条传输线，也可以将一个探测器的两个读出分别连入传输线(此时两个读出信号也可认为是空间位置对应的信号)。本技术方案将信号分别接入两条正交的传输线，根据两传输线分别确定的位置区间定位输出信号的探测器的位置，以四个读出通道得到一个面阵探测器的输出。
探测器可以为SiPM或光电二极管或者其他只有一个通道输出的探测器，对于只有一个通道输出的探测器，比如光电倍增管(PMT)，有两种处理方式：a.使用两组空间位置对应的探测器分别接入两条传输线，b.将一个输出信号通过模拟电路分成两路，分别接入两条传输线。对于有两个通道输出的探测器，比如硅光电倍增器(Silicon photo-multiple，以下均简称SiPM)，这种探测器，它可以同时从两个通道读出信号，分别为阳极和阴极，SiPM做行列 排布时，可将其阴极和阳极分别引出信号构成两路。换句话说，第一源信号和第二源信号可以由同一个探测器引出，也可以是空间位置对应的两个探测器引出。
所述S3中，将第a组中包含探测器的第一源信号看作为一个第一信号，最终M组形成M个第一信号，所述M个第一信号引入第一信号传输线，至少一个所述第一信号延时单元设置于M个第一信号中相邻两个第一信号之间。本技术方案通过加入延时单元，大大降低了后端读出电路时间分辨率的要求。
所述S4中，将M组中每组第b个探测器的第二源信号看作为一个第二信号，最终形成N个第二信号，所述N个第二信号引入第二信号传输线，至少一个所述延时单元设置于N个第二信号中相邻两个第二信号之间。本技术方案通过加入延时单元，大大降低了后端读出电路时间分辨率的要求。
所述第一信号延时单元和第二信号延时单元均可以包括若干个，所述M个第一信号中每相邻两个第一信号之间设置至少一个第一信号延时单元。所述N个第二信号中每相邻两个第二信号之间设置至少一个第二信号延时单元。本技术方案以每个第一信号为一个单元加入延时单元，便于时间差的计算。
如图4所示，当γ光子通过闪烁晶体转换为可见光光子时，会被两端的探测器探测到，而两端探测器电路的传输线是正交的，从而可通过两条传输线的位置信息确定γ光子转换所在的晶体条，即探测到γ光子入射的位置。此外，比较两探测器探测到的波形还可获得DOI(能量沉积深度)信息。
所述S5的实现方法为，测量信号到达A、B、C、D四个读出通道的时间，计算得到信号到达A、B读出通道的时间差，计算得到信号到达C、D读出通道的时间差，通过时间差判断该信号的源行列号，利用这两组时间差标记信号形成的源探测器。求时间差的方法有多种，若先将四组脉冲信息数字化，可以根据四个读出通道的到达时间来计算时间差值，尽可能早的将脉冲数字化可以减少后续模拟电路的干扰。
所述获得时间差的方法还包括但不限于以下两种：
第一种：采用减法电路分别获得A、B读出通道与C、D读出通道脉冲的差值脉冲，以差值脉冲的脉宽表征信号到达A、B读出通道以及C、D读出通道的时间差。采用差值脉冲的脉宽表征时间差值，相同的脉冲若有一定相位差，那么其差值脉冲的宽度可以表征该相位差，此方法可以减少后级读出电路通道数目。
第二种：所述S5中，采用减法电路分别获得A、B读出通道与C、D读出通道脉冲的差值脉冲，以差值脉冲的幅值表征信号到达A、B读出通道以及C、D读出通道的时间差。在脉冲相位与上升沿时间合适时，差值脉冲的幅值可表征时间差值，可以用峰值检测方式代替时间测量，减少电路复杂程度。
所述通过时间差判断该信号的源行列号，利用这两组时间差标记信号形成的源探测器的方法包括如下几种：
第一种：所述步骤S5中，记A、B读出通道时间差为x，记C、D读出通道时间差为y，计算得到概率分布函数g(x，y)，根据概率分布函数g(x，y)计算L个探测器在g(x，y)上的位置，并计算g(x，y)上相邻探测器之间的分割线，以区分不同探测器在g(x，y)上的分布区域。这个概率密度函数，就是为了给后面识别探测器位置的时候给一个参照。我们可以从概率密度函数上计算得到探测器的位置，是通过一定的计算方式从概率密度函数上“识别”出来的(比如我们将那个位置谱上白斑以及周围分给自己的那部分，即方格以内作为探测器对应的位置)。后面再探测到脉冲的时候，将得到的(x，y)的值放到所得概率密度图中进行比对，便可表征或者区分这个脉冲是来自于哪一个探测器。采用不同探测器位置之间分割线作为探测器在概率密度函数上的分部区域，可以提高系统的探测效率，每一次事件会为之分配一个位置。
第二种：记A、B读出通道时间差为x，记C、D读出通道时间差为y，计算得到概率分布函数g(x，y)，根据电路结构计算L个探测器在g(x，y)上的位置，并计算g(x，y)上相邻探测器之间的分割线，以区分不同探测器在g(x，y)上的分布区域。探测器阵列中某一个探测器有脉冲信号出来时，会在四个读出通道上探测到，并计算得到两个时间差值x、y。概率密度 函数可用来识别探测器位置，对应的，根据电路结构，同样可以得到阵列中某一探测器对应的(x，y)。脉冲在传输线上传播时，其传播速度是可以计算或者测量并且可以保持稳定的。那么，可以通过某一探测器在某一传输线上，传输到两个读出通道的距离长短，来计算得到其对应的时间差值(x，y)。这个值，同样可以用来作为后续采集数据时，得到脉冲对应的探测器位置的依据。通过电路结构，可以计算得到探测器的位置信息标定。通过电路结构参数计算探测器在概率密度函数上的位置，可以减少调试环节难度，在大规模生产中提高产能。
第三种：所述步骤S5中，记A、B读出通道时间差为x，记C、D读出通道时间差为y，计算得到概率分布函数g(x，y)，根据电路结构计算L个探测器在g(x，y)上的位置，取此位置周围一定区域作为对应探测器在g(x，y)上的分布区域。采用位置周围一定区域作为探测器在概率密度函数上的分部区域，可以去除那些易区分错误的事件，提高信噪比。
第四种：所述步骤S5中，记A、B读出通道时间差为x，记C、D读出通道时间差为y，计算得到概率分布函数g(x，y)，根据概率分布函数g(x，y)的计算L个探测器在g(x，y)上的位置，取此位置周围一定区域作为对应探测器在g(x，y)上的分布区域。采用已有数据获得概率密度函数，该方式可以体现探测器阵列中的各种分布参数，所获得位置更为准确、更适合本阵列。
上述第三种和第四种中“一定区域”的界定方式为：
1.在概率密度函数上，以确定的探测器位置为中心，取一个半径为R的圆作为“一定区域”。其中，相邻两个探测器对应的区域不重合。至于R的确定，可以对探测器对应的斑点作二维高斯曲面拟合，取其函数值为最大值一半时对应的半径作为R，也可通过其他方式确定R的值，具体数值的界定按照实际的情况进行合理的界定。
2.在概率密度函数上，取探测器位置对应斑点大于某一值(例如最大值的1/3)的区域，作为“一定区域”，具体数值的界定按照实际的情况进行合理的界定。
若采用第一种跟第二种的方式，即采用分隔线来区分不同的探测器对应的位置，那么，后面我们所采集的所有信息，都会被分配到一个属于自己的探测器，也就是一个自己的位置。此两种方式探测器灵敏度会比较高。即所有的探测到的脉冲都没有“浪费”。
在这个复用方法中，如果我们探测到的新的脉冲的时间差值与我们标定的位置信息(x，y)中的多个点匹配度都较高，但难以区分与哪一个最匹配，例如分割线附近的脉冲信息，若区分给某一个探测器，那么分错的可能性比起方格中央的部分会大一些。那么，第三种和第四种的方式，即采用“取此位置周围一定区域作为对应探测器在g(x，y)上的分布区域”，便是将这部分极易分错位置的脉冲直接丢弃掉了，减少位置信息的错误。
概率分布函数g(x，y)并不是直接得到的，有一个统计计算的过程。首先需要采集一定数量的数据，假如有10000个脉冲被探测到，那么就会得到10000个(x，y)，需要统计一下这10000个(x，y)在我们需要刻画的精细程度上的概率，或者说是其数量。例如差值在某一处(x，y)的数量有100个，而在另一处(x，y)有50个，统计出来的三维图便是概率密度函数，即通过采集一部分数据，得到概率密度函数，可以得到探测器的位置信息标定。
以上所述，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

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  1. 一种探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，其特征在于：具体包括步骤：
    S1：将L个探测器信号分为M组，每组中探测器的个数至少为2个，最大为N个，其中，第a组中探测器信号的个数为P(a)，
    Figure PCTCN2016083418-appb-100001
    第a组的第b个探测器信号标记为Signal(a,b)，M≥2，N≥2，1≤a≤M，1≤b≤N；
    S2：将步骤S1中L个探测器信号分为第一源信号和第二源信号；
    S3：设置包括A、B两个读出通道的第一信号传输线，将探测器信号引入第一信号传输线，并在第一信号传输线上位于探测器信号之间引入至少一个第一信号延时单元；
    S4：设置包括C、D两个读出通道的第二信号传输线，将探测器信号引入第二信号传输线，并在第二信号传输线上位于探测器信号之间引入至少一个第二信号延时单元；
    S5：根据A、B、C、D四个读出通道脉冲，标记信号形成的源探测器并获得最终脉冲信息。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，其特征在于：所述S1中，所述M组中每组包括的探测器个数相同，均为N个，其中，M×N＝L，M≥2，N≥2。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，其特征在于：所述第一信号传输线与第二信号传输线为正交结构，传输线上的位置信息由延时单元分割。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，其特征在于：所述S3及S4中，将空间位置对应的两组探测器分别连入第一信号传输线与第二信号传输线。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，其特征在于：所述S3及S4中，将探测器自身的两个读出通道分别连入第一信号传输线与第二信号传输线。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，其特征在于：所述S3中，将第a组中包含探测器的第一源信号看作为一个第一信号，最终M组形成M个第一信号，所述M个第一信号引入第一信号传输线，至少一个所述第一信号延时单元设置于M个第一信号中相邻两个第一信号之间。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，其特征在于：所述第一信号延时单元包括若干个，所述M个第一信号中每相邻两个第一信号之间设置至少一个第一信号延时单元。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，其特征在于：所述S4中，将M组中每组第b个探测器的第二源信号看作为一个第二信号，最终形成N个第二信号，所述N个第二信号引入第二信号传输线，至少一个所述延时单元设置于N个第二信号中相邻两个第二信号之间。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，其特征在于：所述第二信号延时单元包括若干个，所述N个第二信号中每相邻两个第二信号之间设置至少一个第二信号延时单元。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，其特征在于：所述S5中，测量信号到达A、B、C、D四个读出通道的时间，计算得到信号到达A、B读出通道的时间差，计算得到信号到达C、D读出通道的时间差，通过时间差判断该信号的源行列号，利用这两组时间差标记信号形成的源探测器。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，其特征在于：所述S5中，采用减法电路分别获得A、B读出通道与C、D读出通道脉冲的差值脉冲，以差值脉冲的脉宽表征信号到达A、B读出通道以及C、D读出通道的时间差。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，其特征在于：所述S5中，采用减法电路分别获得A、B读出通道与C、D读出通道脉冲的差值脉冲，以差值脉冲的幅值表征信号到达A、B读出通道以及C、D读出通道的时间差。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，其特征在于：所述S5中，记信号到达A、B读出通道时间差为x，记信号到达C、D读出通道时间差为y，计算得到概率分布函数g(x，y)，根据电路结构计算L个探测器在g(x，y)上的位置，并计算g(x，y)上相邻探测器之间的分割线，以区分不同探测器在g(x，y)上的分布区域。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的探测器信号读出的通道复用方法，其特征在于：所述S5中，记信号到达A、B读出通道时间差为x，记信号到达C、D读出通道时间差为y，计算得到概率分布函数g(x，y)，根据概率分布函数g(x，y)计算L个探测器在g(x，y)上的位置，并计算g(x，y)上相邻探测器之间的分割线，以区分不同探测器在g(x，y)上的分布区域。
  15. 根据权利要求10所述的探测器信号复用读出方法，其特征在于：所述S5中，记信号到达A、B读出通道时间差为x，记信号到达C、D读出通道时间差为y，计算得到概率分布函数g(x，y)，根据电路结构计算L个探测器在g(x，y)上的位置，取此位置周围一定区域作为对应探测器在g(x，y)上的分布区域。
  16. 根据权利要求10所述的探测器信号复用读出方法，其特征在于：所述S5中，记信号到达A、B读出通道时间差为x，记信号到达C、D读出通道时间差为y，计算得到概率分布函数g(x，y)，根据概率分布函数g(x，y)计算L个探测器在g(x，y)上的位置，取此位置周围一定区域作为对应探测器在g(x，y)上的分布区域。
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