WO2017014105A1 - ホログラフィック光学素子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
ホログラフィック光学素子およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017014105A1 WO2017014105A1 PCT/JP2016/070553 JP2016070553W WO2017014105A1 WO 2017014105 A1 WO2017014105 A1 WO 2017014105A1 JP 2016070553 W JP2016070553 W JP 2016070553W WO 2017014105 A1 WO2017014105 A1 WO 2017014105A1
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- volume hologram
- holographic optical
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/32—Holograms used as optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B27/0103—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/02—Viewing or reading apparatus
- G02B27/021—Reading apparatus
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H1/024—Hologram nature or properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H1/024—Hologram nature or properties
- G03H1/0248—Volume holograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H1/0252—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
- G03H1/0256—Laminate comprising a hologram layer having specific functional layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H1/0272—Substrate bearing the hologram
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/0465—Particular recording light; Beam shape or geometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/2403—Layers; Shape, structure or physical properties thereof
- G11B7/24035—Recording layers
- G11B7/24044—Recording layers for storing optical interference patterns, e.g. holograms; for storing data in three dimensions [3D], e.g. volume storage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
- G11B7/24—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material
- G11B7/241—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material
- G11B7/242—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers
- G11B7/244—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers comprising organic materials only
- G11B7/245—Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the selection of the material of recording layers comprising organic materials only containing a polymeric component
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/02—Viewing or reading apparatus
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/0402—Recording geometries or arrangements
- G03H2001/0439—Recording geometries or arrangements for recording Holographic Optical Element [HOE]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2250/00—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
- G03H2250/12—Special arrangement of layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2250/00—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
- G03H2250/37—Enclosing the photosensitive material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2260/00—Recording materials or recording processes
- G03H2260/12—Photopolymer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2270/00—Substrate bearing the hologram
- G03H2270/10—Composition
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a holographic optical element and a manufacturing method thereof.
- Holographic optical elements having a volume hologram recording layer function as an optical combiner and are applied to optical lenses, display elements and the like, and the demand is increasing.
- a holographic optical element as a display element such as a head-mounted display or a head-up display can be used as a see-through type display element because the volume hologram recording layer has high transparency (for example, JP-A-2014-215410). Issue gazette).
- the required performance for holographic optical elements has increased and the quality items have diversified.
- high diffraction efficiency of the volume hologram recording layer is required in order to display information light in the presence of external light (background). Further, in order to display information with high accuracy, it is required to suppress unnecessary light reflection in the display element and avoid the occurrence of ghost.
- a photosensitive layer obtained by applying and drying a photosensitive composition containing a polymerizable monomer sandwiched between a pair of transparent supports is subjected to face-to-face exposure (interference exposure) with a coherent light source, A polymerization reaction is caused in the photosensitive layer in response to an interference wave to form a diffraction grating composed of a region having a high refractive index and a low refractive index (for example, JP-A-6-301322).
- the photosensitive composition for volume hologram recording layer described in JP-A-6-301322 is excellent in refractive index modulation for improving diffraction efficiency, but is sandwiched between a pair of transparent supports.
- the holographic optical element has a problem that diffraction efficiency is not sufficient and ghosts are easily generated when used as a display element.
- an object of the present invention is to provide means for improving the diffraction efficiency of a holographic optical element having a volume hologram recording layer and suppressing the occurrence of ghosts.
- the present inventors conducted intensive research. As a result, the inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by a holographic optical element in which a diffraction grating is formed extending to an adjacent layer provided in contact with the volume hologram recording layer, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention is a holographic optical element having a volume hologram recording layer containing a photopolymer, and at least one adjacent layer containing a resin in contact with the volume hologram recording layer, wherein the diffraction grating is the above A holographic optical element formed from the volume hologram recording layer to the adjacent layer.
- FIG. 1 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the typical structure of a holographic optical element.
- reference numeral 10 denotes a holographic optical element
- reference numeral 11 denotes a volume hologram recording layer
- reference numeral 12 denotes an adjacent layer.
- FIG. 2 It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the method of measuring the length of the diffraction grating currently formed in the adjacent layer side.
- reference numeral 1 denotes a volume hologram recording layer
- reference numeral 2 denotes an adjacent layer
- reference numeral 3 denotes an extended line from the end of the adjacent layer
- reference numeral 4 denotes a diffraction grating.
- FIG. 3 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows an example of the sample which performs holography exposure.
- reference numeral 11 denotes a volume hologram recording layer
- reference numeral 12 denotes an adjacent layer
- reference numeral 103 denotes a silicone adhesive
- reference numeral 104 denotes a glass prism substrate.
- FIG. 3 It is the schematic which shows an example of the exposure apparatus used for holographic exposure.
- reference numeral 201 denotes a laser light source
- reference numeral 202 denotes a beam steerer
- reference numeral 203 denotes a shutter
- reference numeral 204 denotes a beam expander
- reference numeral 205 denotes a beam splitter
- reference numerals 206, 207, 208 and
- Reference numeral 209 denotes a mirror
- reference numerals 211 and 212 denote spatial filters
- reference numeral 213 denotes a manufacturing optical system.
- a layer containing a polymerizable monomer before holographic exposure is referred to as a photosensitive layer
- a layer in which a volume hologram is recorded by performing holographic exposure on the photosensitive layer is referred to as a volume hologram recording layer.
- a photopolymer is obtained by photoirradiating a photosensitive composition containing a polymerizable monomer, a photopolymerization initiator, a matrix resin, and a precursor thereof to cause a polymerization reaction (that is, photocured). Called.
- the holographic optical element of this embodiment has a volume hologram recording layer containing a photopolymer and at least one adjacent layer in contact with the volume hologram recording layer and containing a resin, and a diffraction grating is the volume hologram
- the recording layer extends from the recording layer to the adjacent layer.
- the reason why the diffraction grating having the high refractive index region and the low refractive index region is formed in the volume hologram recording layer is considered to be due to the following phenomenon occurring in the photosensitive layer. That is, when holographic exposure is performed and the polymerization of the polymerizable monomer in the photosensitive layer is promoted in the exposed portion, the diffusion movement of the polymerizable monomer occurs so as to minimize the interface between the polymerizable monomer and other components, and further The polymerization reaction proceeds. Thereby, in the photosensitive layer, the region of the photopolymer formed by the polymerization reaction and the region of the other component are formed in the same pattern as the interference wave irradiated by the holographic exposure.
- the diffraction grating is formed from the volume hologram recording layer to the adjacent layer, and the volume occupied by the diffraction grating is expanded. Therefore, it is estimated that the diffraction efficiency is improved.
- the diffraction grating formed over the adjacent layer obscures the volume hologram recording layer-adjacent layer interface, and light interface reflection is less likely to occur.
- Occurrence can be suppressed.
- the said mechanism is a thing by estimation and the holographic optical element of this embodiment is not restrict
- X to Y indicating a range includes X and Y, and means “X or more and Y or less”. Unless otherwise specified, operations and physical properties are measured under conditions of room temperature (20 to 25 ° C.) / Relative humidity 40 to 50% RH.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a typical configuration of the holographic optical element of the present embodiment.
- the holographic optical element 10 includes a volume hologram recording layer 11 and a pair of adjacent layers 12.
- the holographic optical element shown in FIG. 1 is provided with a pair of adjacent layers 12 so as to be in contact with both surfaces of the volume hologram recording layer 11, but the adjacent layer 12 is provided only on one surface of the volume hologram recording layer 11. Form may be sufficient.
- the diffraction grating extends from the volume hologram recording layer to the adjacent layer. Whether or not the diffraction grating extends to the adjacent layer can be confirmed by the following method, for example.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a method for measuring the length of the diffraction grating formed on the adjacent layer side.
- the holographic optical element 5 is manufactured so that the area of the adjacent layer 2 is larger than that of the volume hologram recording layer 1.
- the holographic optical element 5 is cut so that the interface between the volume hologram recording layer 1 and the adjacent layer 2 is exposed. Cutting is performed using a microtome after the holographic optical element 5 is frozen with liquid nitrogen. As a result, the state near the interface between the volume hologram recording layer 1 and the adjacent layer 2 can be exposed without breaking.
- the exposed surface is observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and an extension line 3 is drawn from the end of the adjacent layer 2 toward the interface between the volume hologram recording layer 1 and the adjacent layer 2, and the extension line 3 is drawn.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the length d of the diffraction grating 4 on the adjacent layer 2 side that is, the length d between the extension line 3 and the end of the diffraction grating 4 is similarly measured by TEM with respect to 100 points of the randomly extracted diffraction grating. The average value can be calculated.
- the length d of the diffraction grating 4 on the adjacent layer 2 side is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 nm or more, and more preferably 10 nm or more.
- the upper limit of the length d of the diffraction grating 4 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 nm or less, and more preferably 30 nm or less.
- a diffraction grating is formed extending to at least one adjacent layer side.
- the density of the adjacent layer is controlled, or the adjacent to the polymerizable monomer contained in the photosensitive layer. Examples thereof include a method of adjusting the affinity and compatibility of the layer.
- the adjacent layer includes a resin as a base material.
- the adjacent layer may be provided in contact with both surfaces of the volume hologram recording layer, or may be provided in contact with only one surface. That is, the holographic optical element of the present embodiment only needs to have at least one adjacent layer containing a resin in contact with the volume hologram recording layer.
- the constituent material and thickness of each adjacent layer may be the same or different.
- the density of the adjacent layer is preferably 1.20 to 1.38 g / cm 3 , and more preferably 1.30 to 1.35 g / cm 3 .
- the photosensitive composition used for volume hologram recording layer formation described below and the photosensitive layer obtained by applying and drying the photosensitive composition are likely to penetrate into the adjacent layers, A diffraction grating formed by holographic exposure is easily formed over adjacent layers. Thereby, diffraction efficiency improves more and generation
- the density of the adjacent layer can be measured by a method according to the density gradient piping method (JIS K-7112-1999). Specifically, the density is calculated by the following method.
- the measurement related to the density gradient piping method can be performed by, for example, a specific gravity measuring device manufactured by Shibayama Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.
- a known resin having transparency can be used.
- resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate (polymethyl methacrylate), cellulose acylate, acetal resin, polycarbonate, polyurethane, and polyvinyl alcohol. These resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- cellulose acylate is preferable from the viewpoints of excellent optical characteristics and easy control of the density of the adjacent layer within the above range.
- the ⁇ -1,4-bonded glucose unit constituting cellulose has free hydroxy groups at the 2nd, 3rd and 6th positions.
- the cellulose acylate is a polymer obtained by acylating part or all of these hydroxy groups with an acyl group.
- the substitution degree of the acyl group represents the total of the ratio of cellulose esterified at the 2nd, 3rd and 6th positions of the repeating unit. Specifically, the degree of substitution is 1 when the hydroxy groups at the 2-position, 3-position and 6-position of cellulose are each 100% esterified. Therefore, when all of the 2nd, 3rd and 6th positions of cellulose are 100% esterified, the degree of substitution is 3 at the maximum.
- the degree of substitution of the acyl group can be measured according to ASTM-D817-96.
- acyl groups include, for example, acetyl, n-propionyl, isopropionyl, n-butanoyl, isobutanoyl, t-butanoyl, pentanoyl, hexanoyl, heptanoyl, octanoyl, decanoyl, dodecanoyl Group, tridecanoyl group, tetradecanoyl group, hexadecanoyl group, octadecanoyl group, cyclohexanecarbonyl group, oleoyl group, benzoyl group, naphthylcarbonyl group, cinnamoyl group, or a fragrance represented by the following general formula (I) Group acyl group and the like.
- X represents a methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, t-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, or octyl group.
- N represents an integer of 1 to 5, and when n is 2 or more, a plurality of Xs may be connected to each other to form a ring.
- acyl groups from the viewpoint that the density of the adjacent layer can be easily controlled by the above preferred range, acetyl group, n-propionyl group, n-butanoyl group, t-butanoyl group, dodecanoyl group, octadecanoyl group,
- An oil group, a benzoyl group, a naphthylcarbonyl group, a cinnamoyl group, or an aromatic acyl group represented by the above general formula (I) is more preferable, and an acetyl group, an n-propionyl group, an n-butanoyl group, a t-butanoyl group, A benzoyl group or an aromatic acyl group represented by the above general formula (I) is more preferred, and an acetyl group is particularly preferred.
- the degree of substitution of the acetyl group of cellulose acylate is preferably 1.75 to 2.68, and preferably 2.40 to 2.65, from the viewpoint of easily controlling the density of the adjacent layer within the above preferable range. Is more preferable.
- the cellulose acylate having an acetyl group in addition to the acetyl group, n-propionyl group, isopropionyl group, n-butanoyl group, t-butanoyl group, benzoyl group, as long as the density of the adjacent layer satisfies the preferable range. It may be substituted with another acyl group such as a group. In the case of having these other acyl groups, the substitution degree of other acyl groups is preferably 0.01 to 0.6. With such a substitution degree, it becomes easy to control the density of the adjacent layer within the above preferable range.
- a benzoyl group is particularly preferable because it exhibits good compatibility with the aromatic ring of the polymerizable monomer contained in the photosensitive layer. Therefore, the cellulose acylate having a benzoyl group is preferable from the viewpoint that the diffusion transfer phenomenon of the polymerizable monomer or the like in the adjacent layer can be efficiently expressed, the diffraction efficiency can be further improved, and the generation of ghost can be further suppressed. That is, the cellulose acylate preferably contains a benzoyl group.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of cellulose acylate is preferably in the range of 75,000 to 280000, more preferably in the range of 100,000 to 240,000, from the viewpoints of ensuring uniformity of optical properties and ensuring productivity and processability. preferable.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of a cellulose acylate can be measured on the following measurement conditions using a gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- Solvent Methylene chloride
- Shodex registered trademark
- K806, K805, K803G used by connecting three Showa Denko Co., Ltd.
- Column temperature 25 ° C
- Flow rate 1.0 ml / min
- Calibration curve Standard polystyrene STK standard polystyrene (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation)
- Mw 1000,000 to 500 calibration curves with 13 samples were used. Thirteen samples are used at approximately equal intervals.
- the adjacent layer may contain components other than the above resin as long as the density, optical properties and the like are not impaired.
- resin components such as cycloolefin resins and fluorine-containing resins, ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, deterioration inhibitors, light stabilizers, thermal stabilizers, lubricants, plasticizers, antistatic agents, flame retardants, fillers, fine particles
- other components such as an optical property adjusting agent may be included.
- the addition amount of other components (the total when two or more are added) is preferably 0.1 to 25% by mass with respect to the total mass of the adjacent layers.
- the adjacent layer may have a layer shape such as a film shape or a plate shape, or a base shape that also serves as a prism.
- a layer shape such as a film shape or a plate shape, or a base shape that also serves as a prism.
- processing by cutting is possible, and there is a convenience that it can be applied to various optical elements.
- the thickness is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 1000 ⁇ m, and more preferably 50 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the method for forming the adjacent layer into a layer shape such as a film is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known method such as a melt extrusion method, a solution casting method (solution casting method), a calendar method, or a compression molding method is used. be able to. Among these methods, the melt extrusion method and the solution cast method (solution casting method) are preferable.
- melt extrusion method examples include a method of melt-kneading a resin and, if necessary, other components and then forming the film by melt extrusion.
- the kneader used for kneading is not particularly limited.
- a conventionally known kneader such as an extruder such as a single screw extruder or a twin screw extruder or a pressure kneader can be used.
- examples of the melt extrusion method for forming a film include a T-die method and an inflation method.
- the molding temperature at the time of melt extrusion varies depending on the type of resin and cannot be generally stated, but is preferably 150 to 350 ° C.
- a T-die When forming on a film by the T-die method, a T-die is attached to the tip of a known single-screw extruder or twin-screw extruder, and the film extruded into a film shape is wound to obtain a roll-shaped film. it can. Under the present circumstances, it is also possible to set it as a uniaxial stretching process by adjusting the temperature of a winding roll suitably, and adding extending
- solution casting method a method of casting (casting) after preparing a resin or a solution or dispersion (dope) containing other components as necessary may be mentioned.
- the solvent used in the solution casting method is not particularly limited.
- a chlorinated solvent such as chloroform and methylene chloride
- an aromatic solvent such as toluene, xylene, benzene, and a mixed solvent thereof.
- solution casting method preferably a step of casting the dope on the above-mentioned device, a step of drying the cast dope as a web, a step of peeling the web from the device after drying, stretching or width Film formation is performed by a method including a holding step, a drying step, and the like, and an adjacent layer is formed.
- An injection molding method can be used as a method for forming the adjacent layer into a substrate.
- the substrate is produced by the injection molding method by melting and kneading the adjacent layer components, injection from the kneader to the mold, cooling in the mold, and taking out the substrate.
- melt kneading of the resin and other components a conventionally known kneader such as an extruder such as a single screw extruder or a twin screw extruder or a pressure kneader can be used.
- a conventionally known kneader such as an extruder such as a single screw extruder or a twin screw extruder or a pressure kneader can be used.
- melt kneading while heating at a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin.
- ⁇ Injection amount of the kneaded material and temperature control of the mold are important from the viewpoint of ensuring molding accuracy and ensuring the optical properties of the molded product.
- the injection amount can be adjusted by the amount of pressurization from the kneader to the mold, the diameter of the inner layer serving as a path from the kneaded product to the mold, the temperature applied to the inner layer, and the like.
- the mold temperature during injection of the kneaded product is preferably set to be equal to or lower than the Tg of the resin. Thereby, dimensional accuracy is securable.
- the preferable cooling temperature is in the range of Tg-100 ° C. or less, more preferably in the range of Tg or less to Tg ⁇ 50 ° C., and more preferably Tg or less. In the range up to Tg-20 ° C.
- the volume hologram recording layer is a coating film (photosensitive layer) obtained by applying a photosensitive composition containing a polymerizable monomer, a photopolymerization initiator, and a matrix resin or a precursor thereof to the aforementioned adjacent layer and drying it. On the other hand, it is produced by forming a diffraction grating composed of a high refractive index region and a low refractive index region in the photosensitive layer by performing at least holographic exposure.
- the photosensitive composition used for forming the volume hologram recording layer may contain a sensitizer, a solvent and the like in addition to a radical polymerizable monomer, a photopolymerization initiator, and a matrix forming material.
- a sensitizer e.g., a methacrylate, a polystyrene, a polystyrene, a polystyrene, a polystymer, and a matrix forming material.
- the radical polymerizable monomer preferably has a relatively high refractive index, such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, methylenebisacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate.
- those having a 9,9-diarylfluorene skeleton and having at least one ethylenically unsaturated bond in the molecule can be mentioned. Specifically, it is a compound having the following structure.
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a radical polymerizable group containing an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group at the terminal.
- a preferred form is a group having an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group at the terminal and capable of binding to the benzene ring of the above compound via an oxyethylene chain, an oxypropylene chain, a urethane bond, an amide bond, or the like.
- X 1 to X 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- substituents include an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an amino group, a dialkylamino group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, and a halogen atom.
- urethane acrylates composed of a condensation product of a phenyl isocyanate compound and a compound containing a group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond such as a hydroxy group and an acryloyl group in one molecule can be used. Specifically, it is a compound having the following structure.
- each R is independently a group having an ethylenically unsaturated bond
- each X is independently a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a straight-chain, A branched or cyclic divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
- R 1 to R 5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a trifluoromethyl group, an alkylthio group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a carbon number.
- An alkylseleno group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkyl tellurium group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a nitro group, and R 6 and R 7 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. .
- A represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkenylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or a polyalkylene having 2 to 6 ethylene oxide units or propylene oxide units.
- radical polymerizable monomers a monomer having a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a monomer having a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic aromatic moiety having up to 3 rings
- a monomer having a chlorine atom, a monomer having a chlorine atom, and a monomer containing a bromine atom are preferable because of their relatively high refractive index.
- the above radical polymerizable monomers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the radical polymerizable monomer in the photosensitive composition is preferably 1 to 25% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass with respect to the total mass of the photosensitive composition.
- the radical photopolymerization initiator is an agent that initiates photopolymerization of a radically polymerizable monomer by irradiation with laser light having a specific wavelength or light having excellent coherence in holographic exposure.
- photo radical polymerization initiators include, for example, US Pat. Nos. 4,766,055, 4,868,092, 4,965,171, JP-A Nos. 54-151024, 58-15503, 58-28803. No. 59-189340, No. 60-76735, JP-A-1-28715, No.
- photo radical polymerization initiators include, for example, diaryliodonium salts, 2,4,6-substituted-1,3,5-triazines (triazine compounds), azo compounds, azide compounds, organic peroxides, organic Examples thereof include boronates, onium salts, halogenated hydrocarbon derivatives, titanocene compounds, monoacylphosphine oxides, bisacylphosphine oxides, and combinations of bisacylphosphine oxides and ⁇ -hydroxyketones.
- the radical photopolymerization initiator system by combined use of hydrogen donors, such as a thiol compound, and a bisimidazole derivative can also be utilized. These radical photopolymerization initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the photo radical polymerization initiator used is preferably 0.05 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the radical polymerizable monomer.
- the photosensitive composition may contain a sensitizer having a sensitization function for the radical photopolymerization initiator.
- a sensitizer has an absorption maximum wavelength in the range of 400 to 800 nm, particularly 450 to 700 nm. These sensitizers absorb light in the above range, thereby causing a sensitizing action on the radical photopolymerization initiator.
- Examples of such a sensitizer include polymethine compounds such as cyanine dyes and styryl dyes, xanthene compounds such as rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G, and pyronin GY, phenazine compounds such as safranin O, cresyl violet, Phenoxazine compounds such as brilliant cresyl blue, phenothiazine compounds such as methylene blue and new methylene blue, diarylmethane compounds such as auramine, triarylmethane compounds such as crystal violet, brilliant green and lissamine green, (thio) pyrylium Examples thereof include salt compounds, squarylium compounds, coumarin dyes, thioxanthene dyes, acene dyes, merocyanine dyes, thiazolium dyes, and the like. These sensitizers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount used is preferably 1 to 2000 parts by weight, more preferably 20 to 1500 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the radical photopolymerization initiator.
- the matrix resin functions to improve the uniformity of the film thickness of the volume hologram recording layer, heat resistance, mechanical properties, etc., and stabilize the hologram formed by holographic exposure. Further, when the volume hologram recording layer is formed, it may have a function of not inhibiting or efficiently expressing the diffusion transfer phenomenon of the polymerizable monomer or photopolymer.
- the matrix resin for example, any of thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin, active energy ray curable resin, and the like can be used without limitation.
- those resins modified with a polysiloxane chain or a perfluoroalkylene chain can also be used.
- the matrix resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- thermoplastic resins include, for example, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyrate, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl carbazole, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polymethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl acrylate, polybutyl acrylate, polymethacrylo Nitrile, polyethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, poly-1,2-dichloroethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, syndiotactic polymethyl methacrylate, poly- ⁇ -vinyl naphthalate, polycarbonate, cellulose acetate, Cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, polystyrene, poly- ⁇ -methylstyrene, poly-o-methylstyrene, poly-p- Methylstyrene, poly-p-phenylstyrene, poly-2,5-
- thermosetting resin examples include unsaturated polyester, acrylic urethane resin, epoxy-modified acrylic resin, epoxy-modified unsaturated polyester, polyurethane, alkyd resin, phenol resin and the like.
- active energy ray-curable resin examples include epoxy acrylate, urethane acrylate, and acrylic-modified polyester. These active energy ray-curable resins can contain other monofunctional or polyfunctional monomers, oligomers and the like as described below for the purpose of adjusting the cross-linked structure and viscosity.
- thermoplastic resin thermosetting resin, or active energy ray curable resin
- metal soap such as cobalt naphthenate and zinc naphthenate
- organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
- benzophenone Thermal or active energy ray curing agents such as acetophenone, anthraquinone, naphthoquinone, azobisisobutyronitrile, diphenyl sulfide and the like can be contained in the photosensitive composition.
- thermosetting resin or an active energy ray curable resin after forming a photosensitive layer containing an uncured resin on the adjacent layer, it can be cured by heating or irradiation with an active energy ray. Curing may be performed before or after holographic exposure.
- a matrix resin precursor may be used.
- the precursor include an isocyanate compound and a polyol compound that form a polyurethane by addition polymerization.
- the isocyanate compound those having two or more isocyanate groups in one molecule are preferable, but the type is not particularly limited. If the number of isocyanate groups in one molecule is small, the hardness required for the matrix resin may not be obtained.
- the upper limit of the number of isocyanate groups in one molecule is not particularly limited, but is usually 8 or less, preferably 4 or less.
- the type is not particularly limited as long as it has two or more isocyanate groups in one molecule.
- the upper limit of the number of isocyanate groups in one molecule is not particularly limited, but is usually about 20 or less.
- isocyanate used in the present embodiment examples include aliphatic isocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate, lysine methyl ester diisocyanate, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 4,4′-methylenebis (cyclohexyl isocyanate). ), Etc .; aromatic isocyanates such as tolylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, naphthalene-1,5′-diisocyanate; and multimers thereof.
- aliphatic isocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate, lysine methyl ester diisocyanate, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 4,4′-methylenebis (cyclohexyl isocyanate). ), Etc .
- reaction product of polyhydric alcohols such as water, trimethylolethane and trimethylolpropane and the above isocyanates, a multimer of hexamethylene diisocyanate, or a derivative thereof.
- polyol compound examples include polypropylene polyol, polycaprolactone polyol, polyester polyol, polycarbonate polyol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, , 6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, decamethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol and the like.
- These polyol compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a catalyst for addition polymerization of an isocyanate compound and a polyol compound can be blended in the photosensitive composition. Although it can be cured at room temperature by using a catalyst, it may be cured by heating. The temperature during curing is preferably in the range of 40 to 90 ° C., and the curing time is preferably 1 to 24 hours.
- the catalyst examples include ordinary urethanization reaction catalysts, for example, tin compounds such as dibutyltin dilaurate, dioctyltin dilaurate and dibutyltin dioctanoate, and tertiary amine compounds such as triethylamine and triethylenediamine.
- tin compounds such as dibutyltin dilaurate, dioctyltin dilaurate and dibutyltin dioctanoate
- tertiary amine compounds such as triethylamine and triethylenediamine.
- the tin compound has good solubility and performance as a medium, and dibutyltin dilaurate is particularly preferable.
- the amount of the catalyst used is preferably 0.0001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.001% by mass or more, and preferably 10% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the isocyanate compound and the polyol compound, and 5% by mass or less. Is more preferable.
- a cationic polymerizable monomer may be used as another precursor of the matrix resin.
- the matrix resin obtained from the cationic polymerizable monomer makes it possible to produce a volume hologram recording layer having excellent film strength.
- cationic polymerizable monomers include diglycerol polyglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol polyglycidyl ether, 1,4-bis (2,3-epoxypropoxyperfluoroisopropyl) cyclohexane, sorbitol polyglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane poly Glycidyl ether, resorcin diglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, pt-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, adipic acid diglycidyl ester, orthophthalic acid diglycidyl ester, dibromo Phenyl glycidyl ether, dibromoneopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,2,7,8-diepoxy Kutan,
- a photo cationic polymerization initiator or a thermal cationic polymerization initiator may be used.
- cationic photopolymerization initiator examples include iodonium salts and triarylsulfonium salts.
- iodonium salts include iodonium tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, hexafluoroarsenate, hexafluoroantimonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, 9,10-dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulfonate, and the like.
- triarylsulfonium salts include triarylsulfonium, triphenylsulfonium, 4-tert-butyltriphenylsulfonium, tris (4-methylphenyl) sulfonium, tris (4-methoxyphenyl) sulfonium, 4-thiophenyltri Examples include sulfonium tetrafluoroborate such as phenylsulfonium, hexafluorophosphate, hexafluoroarsenate, hexafluoroantimonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, 9,10-dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulfonate, and the like. These photocationic polymerization initiators can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- thermal cationic polymerization initiator examples include cationic or protonic acid catalysts such as triflate, boron trifluoride etherate compound, boron trifluoride and the like.
- Preferred thermal cationic polymerization initiators are , Triflate.
- Specific examples include diethylammonium triflate, triethylammonium triflate, diisopropylammonium triflate, ethyldiisopropylammonium triflate available from 3M as “FC-520” (many of which are by RR Alm in 1980). There is Modern Coatings (listed in Modern Coatings) issued in October.
- aromatic onium salts used as active energy ray cationic polymerization initiators there are those that generate cationic species by heat, and these can also be used as thermal cationic polymerization initiators. Examples include “Sun-Aid (registered trademark) SI-60L”, “Sun-Aid (registered trademark) SI-80L” and “Sun-Aid (registered trademark) SI-100L” (manufactured by Sanshin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.).
- the amount of the photo cationic polymerization initiator or the thermal cationic polymerization initiator used is preferably 0.05 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the cationic polymerizable monomer. More preferred is 30 parts by mass.
- the content of the matrix resin or the precursor thereof in the photosensitive composition is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 1 to 25% by mass with respect to the total mass of the photosensitive composition, More preferably, it is 5 to 25% by mass.
- the photosensitive composition may use a solvent as needed when coating. However, when the photosensitive composition contains a component that is liquid at room temperature, a solvent may not be necessary.
- the solvent examples include aliphatic solvents such as n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, cyclohexane, and methylcyclohexane; ketone solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone), acetone, and cyclohexanone; Ether solvents such as diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, anisole, phenetole; ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol diacetate Ester solvents such as: aromatic solvents such as toluene and xylene; methyl cellosolve, ethyl Cello
- the photosensitive composition is optionally made of a plasticizer, a compatibilizer, a polymerization inhibitor, a surfactant, a silane coupling agent, an antifoaming agent, a release agent, a stabilizer, an oxidation
- a plasticizer such as an acrylic acid, a polymethyl methacrylate, a polymethyl methacrylate, a polymethyl methacrylate, a polymethyl methacrylate, a polymethyl methacrylate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulf
- the photosensitive composition can be obtained by mixing the above-described components all at once or sequentially.
- the apparatus used for mixing include stirring or mixing apparatuses such as a magnetic stirrer, homodisper, quick homomixer, and planetary mixer.
- the obtained photosensitive composition may be used after filtration, if necessary.
- the manufacturing method of the holographic optical element is not particularly limited, but a photosensitive layer containing a polymerizable monomer is formed on an adjacent layer containing a resin, and the holographic exposure is performed on the photosensitive layer to form a volume hologram recording layer.
- the manufacturing method which has forming is mentioned.
- the method for forming the photosensitive layer on the adjacent layer is not particularly limited.
- the photosensitive composition is directly applied on the adjacent layer and dried, or the photosensitive composition is applied on a separately prepared substrate. Then, after drying, there is a method of laminating the adjacent layer using a laminator or the like and then peeling the substrate.
- the photosensitive layer is formed by directly applying the photosensitive composition on the adjacent layer and drying it. Is preferably formed.
- acrylic resin acrylic resin, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthoate, polyethylene, polypropylene, amorphous polyolefin, cellulose acetate, hydrated cellulose, cellulose nitrate, cycloolefin polymer, polystyrene, polyepoxide
- resin base material examples include polysulfone, cellulose acylate, polyamide, polyimide, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl butyral, polydicyclopentanediene, and the like.
- a conventionally known method can be used, and specific examples include a spray method, a spin coating method, a wire bar method, a dip coating method, Examples thereof include an air knife coating method, a roll coating method, a blade coating method, and a doctor roll coating method.
- the drying temperature can be selected within a range that does not impair the photosensitivity of the above-described photosensitive composition, and is, for example, in the range of 10 to 80 ° C.
- the drying time is not particularly limited, and is, for example, in the range of 1 to 60 minutes.
- the thickness of the photosensitive layer may be appropriately set so as to be within a preferable thickness range of the volume hologram recording layer described later.
- the volume hologram recording layer has a structure sandwiched between two adjacent layers, after forming a photosensitive layer on one adjacent layer, another on the photosensitive layer.
- a holographic optical element having the structure can be obtained.
- the holographic exposure may be performed immediately after bonding, or may be performed after a certain period of time. When a certain time is set, holographic exposure is preferably performed 1 to 10 days after bonding. As a result, the photosensitive composition penetrates more into the adjacent layer, and the diffraction grating is more easily formed on the adjacent layer.
- the method of performing holographic exposure on the photosensitive layer and recording (writing) a volume hologram to form a volume hologram recording layer and the method of reproducing (reading) the volume hologram are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the following methods. .
- recording light capable of causing a chemical change of the polymerizable monomer, that is, polymerization and concentration change
- recording light also called object light
- the interference light causes polymerization and concentration change of the polymerizable monomer in the photosensitive layer.
- the interference fringes cause a refractive index difference in the photosensitive layer, and the interference fringes recorded in the photosensitive layer It is recorded as a volume hologram and becomes a volume hologram recording layer.
- the recording light used for recording the volume hologram (the wavelength in the parentheses indicates a wavelength)
- a visible light laser having excellent coherence for example, an argon ion laser (458 nm, 488 nm, 514 nm), a krypton ion laser (647). 0.1 nm), helium-neon laser (633 nm), YAG laser (532 nm), etc. can be used.
- the irradiation energy amount (exposure amount) at the time of hologram recording is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 10 to 250 mJ / cm 2 .
- a hologram recording system there are a polarization collinear hologram recording system, a reference light incident angle multiplexing type hologram recording system, etc., and any recording system can provide good recording quality.
- the exposure apparatus is not particularly limited.
- an exposure apparatus having a schematic configuration as shown in FIG. 4 can be used.
- the light beam (recording light) emitted from the laser light source 201 guides the light beam to a suitable position in the exposure system by beam steerers 202a and 202b formed of two pairs of mirrors.
- a shutter 203 controls ON / OFF of a light beam (recording light).
- a beam expander 204 has a function of expanding the beam diameter and changing the aperture ratio (NA) according to the exposure area of the photosensitive layer.
- the light beam (recording light) that has passed through the beam expander 204 is divided into two light beams by the beam splitter 205.
- the divided light beams (recording light) are guided to the spatial filters 211 and 212 by the mirrors 206 and 207 and the mirrors 209 and 208, respectively.
- Spatial filters 211 and 212 are composed of a lens and a pinhole, and collect light rays (recording light) with the lenses, and guide the light rays (recording light) to the manufacturing optical system 213 through the pinholes.
- the production optical system 213 can set and fix a sample such as a glass prism provided with a photosensitive layer serving as a volume hologram recording layer at a suitable position so that the reflection angle of the light beam of the holographic optical element can be controlled.
- a photosensitive layer provided on a prism or the like fixed to the manufacturing optical system 213 is divided into two light beams, and is subjected to holographic exposure (interference exposure) by light beams (recording light) guided through the spatial filters 211 and 212, respectively.
- a Amsterdam mirror is inserted in the optical path before the shutter 203, and the plurality of light sources are used.
- the emitted laser beam may be synthesized stepwise.
- the volume hologram recording layer can be further subjected to appropriate treatments such as full exposure with ultraviolet rays and heating in order to promote refractive index modulation and complete (fix) the polymerization reaction.
- a light source used for the entire surface exposure for example, a light source emitting ultraviolet rays such as an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, a carbon arc lamp, a xenon arc lamp, a metal halide lamp, or the like can be used.
- the irradiation energy amount in the case of performing the entire surface exposure with ultraviolet rays is preferably 50 to 200 J / cm 2 .
- the temperature during the heat treatment is preferably 50 to 150 ° C., and the treatment time is preferably 30 minutes to 3 hours.
- the order is not particularly limited, and the whole surface exposure may be performed first, or the heat treatment may be performed first.
- the matrix resin is a thermoplastic resin
- the movement of the polymerizable monomer can be further promoted and the refractive index modulation amount can be increased by heating near the glass transition temperature of the matrix resin.
- the thickness of the volume hologram recording layer is preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m, and more preferably 20 to 50 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of durability.
- predetermined reproduction light (usually reference light) is irradiated to the volume hologram recording layer.
- the irradiated reproduction light is diffracted according to the interference fringes. Since this diffracted light contains the same information as the volume hologram recording layer, the information recorded in the volume hologram recording layer can be reproduced by reading the diffracted light with an appropriate detection means.
- the wavelength regions of the object light, the reproduction light, and the reference light are arbitrary depending on the application, and may be in the visible light region or the ultraviolet light region.
- the holographic optical element of the present embodiment may have other layers such as a protective layer, a reflective layer, an antireflection film, and an ultraviolet absorption layer.
- the protective layer is a layer for preventing the influence of deterioration of storage stability of the recording layer.
- a protective layer There is no restriction
- a layer made of a water-soluble polymer, an organic / inorganic material, or the like can be formed as a protective layer.
- limiting in particular in the formation position of a protective layer For example, you may form between the surface of a volume hologram recording layer, an adjacent layer, and a support body, and may form on the outer surface side of a support body.
- the reflective layer is formed when the holographic optical element is configured to be reflective.
- the reflective layer is usually formed on the outer surface of the adjacent layer.
- the reflective layer conventionally known ones can be applied as appropriate, and for example, a metal thin film or the like can be used.
- an antireflection film may be provided on the side on which object light and reproduction light are incident and emitted, or between the volume hologram recording layer and the adjacent layer. Good.
- the antireflection film functions to improve light utilization efficiency and suppress the generation of ghost images.
- the antireflection film conventionally known ones can be referred to as appropriate.
- the holographic optical element of this embodiment may be further sandwiched between transparent supports.
- the support may be employed to protect and hold the holographic optical element of this embodiment, or may be employed to function as an optical element such as a prism in combination with the holographic optical element.
- the support is not particularly limited as long as it has necessary strength and durability, and any support can be used. Moreover, although there is no restriction
- the support is made of a transparent material
- inorganic materials such as glass, silicon and quartz can be cited.
- glass is preferable.
- Non-transparent materials for the support include metals such as aluminum; metals such as gold, silver and aluminum coated on the transparent support or dielectrics such as magnesium fluoride and zirconium oxide Is mentioned.
- the surface of the support may be subjected to surface treatment.
- This surface treatment is usually performed to improve the adhesion between the support and the holographic optical element.
- Examples of the surface treatment include subjecting the support to corona discharge treatment or forming an undercoat layer on the support in advance.
- examples of the composition of the undercoat layer include halogenated phenols, partially hydrolyzed vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyurethane resins, and the like.
- the surface treatment may be performed for purposes other than improving the adhesiveness.
- examples thereof include a reflective coating treatment for forming a reflective coating layer made of a metal such as gold, silver, and aluminum; a dielectric coating treatment for forming a dielectric layer such as magnesium fluoride and zirconium oxide, and the like. It is done.
- these layers may be formed of a single layer or two or more layers.
- These surface treatments may be provided for the purpose of controlling the gas and moisture permeability of the holographic optical element. Thereby, the reliability of the holographic optical element can be further improved.
- the support may be provided only on either the upper side or the lower side of the holographic optical element, or may be provided on both. However, when providing supports on both the upper and lower sides, at least one of the supports is configured to be transparent so as to transmit active energy rays (recording light, reference light, reproduction light, etc.).
- active energy rays recording light, reference light, reproduction light, etc.
- highly transparent adhesives such as a silicone adhesive and an acrylic adhesive, can be used.
- a transmissive or reflective hologram can be recorded.
- a support having reflection characteristics is used on one side of the holographic optical element, a reflection hologram can be recorded.
- the holographic optical element of the present embodiment includes, for example, a head mounted display (HMD), a head-up display (HUD), an optical memory, an optical disk pickup lens, a liquid crystal color filter, a reflective liquid crystal reflector, a lens, a diffraction grating, and an interference.
- HMD head mounted display
- HUD head-up display
- an optical memory for example, a liquid crystal color filter, a reflective liquid crystal reflector, a lens, a diffraction grating, and an interference.
- the temperature of the dope 1 was set to 35 ° C. using a belt casting apparatus, and the dope 1 was uniformly cast on a stainless band support at 30 ° C. Then, after making it dry until it became the amount of residual solvent which can be peeled, dope 1 was peeled from the stainless steel band support body. At this time, the residual solvent amount of the dope 1 was 25% by mass. The time required from casting the dope to peeling was 3 minutes.
- the dope 1 peeled from the stainless steel band support is dried at 120 ° C. while being held in the width direction, released in the width direction, and dried in a drying zone at 120 ° C. and 135 ° C. while being conveyed by many rolls.
- a film When finished, a film was obtained. Further, a knurling process having a width of 10 mm and a height of 5 ⁇ m was applied to both ends of the film to prepare a cellulose acylate film (adjacent layer 1) having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m. The density of the adjacent layer 1 was 1.19 g / cm 3 .
- acetyl group substitution degree 1.78 instead of cellulose acylate (acetyl group substitution degree 1.78), as shown in Table 1 below, the acetyl group substitution degree is 1.80, 2.20, 2.38, 2.41, 2.64, 2 .67, 2.70, acetyl group substitution degree 2.40, n-propionyl group substitution degree 0.10, acetyl group substitution degree 2.40, n-propionyl group substitution degree 0.40, acetyl group substitution The degree of n-butanoyl group substitution is 0.20, the degree of acetyl group substitution is 2.40, the degree of benzoyl substitution is 0.10, the degree of substitution of acetyl group is 2.40, and the degree of substitution of n-propionyl group Adjacent layers 2 to 13 were produced in the same manner as in ⁇ Preparation of Adjacent Layer 1> except that cellulose acylate having an A of 0.50 was used.
- ⁇ Preparation of adjacent layer 14> A polymethyl methacrylate film (Para Pure, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., thickness 100 ⁇ m) was used as the adjacent layer 14 as it was. The density of the film (adjacent layer 14) was 1.24 g / cm 3 .
- the T die die Next, from the inside of the T die die, it is extruded into a sheet shape to obtain a molten single layer sheet, and the molten single layer sheet is closely cooled and solidified by electrostatic application on a drum maintained at a surface temperature of 20 ° C. A 60 ⁇ m polyethylene film (adjacent layer 15) was obtained. The density of the obtained film (adjacent layer 15) was 0.96 g / cm 3 .
- PET Polyethylene terephthalate
- the obtained uniaxially oriented (uniaxially stretched) film is guided to a preheating zone at a temperature of 95 ° C. in the tenter while holding both ends of the film with clips, and continuously in a heating zone at a temperature of 105 ° C. in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction ( The film was pulled and stretched 2.5 times in the width direction). Subsequently, heat treatment was performed at 230 ° C. for 20 seconds in the heat treatment zone in the tenter, and after further relaxation treatment in the 4% width direction at a temperature of 200 ° C., further in the 1% width direction at a temperature of 140 ° C. A relaxation treatment was performed. Next, the film was gradually cooled and then wound up to prepare a PET film (adjacent layer 15) having a film thickness of 60 ⁇ m. The density of the obtained film (adjacent layer 16) was 1.40 g / cm 3 .
- Example 1 Production of holographic optical element 1
- the following components were put into a container in a dark room and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes to obtain a solution.
- the obtained solution was filtered through a mesh to obtain a photosensitive composition 1 for producing a volume hologram recording layer.
- the photosensitive composition 1 for producing a volume hologram recording layer was applied using a blade coater, and the environment was 20 ° C. and 50% RH. Then, it was dried for 30 minutes to obtain a photosensitive layer having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m. Thereafter, the adjacent layer 2 prepared separately was laminated on the surface of the photosensitive layer using a laminator.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the PET film is peeled off, and the adjacent layer 2 is further laminated on the exposed photosensitive layer surface using a laminator, so that two photosensitive layers are formed from the photosensitive composition 1 for producing a volume hologram recording layer.
- the photosensitive film 1 sandwiched between the adjacent layers 2 was obtained.
- the obtained photosensitive film 1 is sandwiched between a pair of glass prism bases 104a and 104b coated with silicone adhesives 103a and 103b, and then has the same basic structure as FIG. Holographic exposure was performed using an apparatus (light source: argon laser, exposure wavelength 514 nm) so that the amount of irradiation energy on the photosensitive layer surface was 24 mJ / cm 2 .
- light source argon laser, exposure wavelength 514 nm
- the holographic optical element 1 having a volume hologram recording layer is obtained by placing it at a position of 15 cm from a high-pressure mercury lamp (illuminance of 100 W) for 60 minutes and then performing heat treatment at 100 ° C. for 3 hours. It was.
- Example 2 to 12 Comparative Examples 1 to 4: Production of holographic optical elements 2 to 16
- Holographic optical elements 2 to 12 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the adjacent layer 2 was changed to adjacent layers 2 to 7 and 9 to 14 as shown in Table 2 below. 2-12.
- the holographic optical elements 13 to 16 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the adjacent layer 2 was changed to the adjacent layers 1, 8, 15, and 16, as shown in Table 2 below. Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were used.
- a photosensitive composition 1 for producing a volume hologram recording layer is applied on one side of the adjacent layer 1 using a blade coater and dried in an environment of 20 ° C. and 50% RH for 30 minutes to form a photosensitive layer having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m. Obtained. Subsequently, the adjacent layer 1 separately prepared was further laminated using a laminator on the surface of the photosensitive layer where the adjacent layer 1 was not formed, thereby forming the photosensitive composition 1 for volume hologram recording layer preparation. A photosensitive film 17 in which a photosensitive layer was sandwiched between two adjacent layers 1 was obtained.
- the obtained photosensitive film 17 is sandwiched between a pair of glass prism bases 104a and 104b coated with silicone adhesives 103a and 103b, and then exposed with the same basic structure as FIG. Holographic exposure was performed using an apparatus (light source: argon laser, exposure wavelength 514 nm) so that the amount of irradiation energy on the photosensitive layer surface was 24 mJ / cm 2 .
- light source argon laser, exposure wavelength 514 nm
- the holographic optical element 17 having a volume hologram recording layer is obtained by placing it at a position of 15 cm from a high-pressure mercury lamp (illuminance of 100 W) for 60 minutes and then performing heat treatment at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. It was.
- Example 13 to 15, Comparative Example 6 Production of holographic optical elements 18 to 21
- Table 2 the holographic optical elements 18 to 21 were prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 5 except that the adjacent layer 1 was changed to the adjacent layers 2, 5, 12, and 16, respectively.
- Examples 13 to 15 and Comparative Example 6 were used.
- a photosensitive composition 1 for producing a volume hologram recording layer is applied on one side of the adjacent layer 1 using a blade coater and dried in an environment of 20 ° C. and 50% RH for 30 minutes to form a photosensitive layer having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m. Obtained. Subsequently, the adjacent layer 1 separately prepared was further laminated using a laminator on the surface of the photosensitive layer where the adjacent layer 1 was not formed, thereby forming the photosensitive composition 1 for volume hologram recording layer preparation. A photosensitive film 22 in which a photosensitive layer was sandwiched between two adjacent layers 1 was obtained.
- the obtained photosensitive film 22 was allowed to stand for 5 days in an environment of 20 ° C. and 50% RH.
- the stationary photosensitive film 22 is sandwiched between a pair of glass prism bases 104a and 104b coated with silicone adhesives 103a and 103b as shown in FIG. 3, it has the same basic structure as FIG. Holographic exposure was performed using an exposure apparatus (light source: argon laser, exposure wavelength 514 nm) so that the amount of irradiation energy on the photosensitive layer surface was 24 mJ / cm 2 .
- the holographic optical element 22 having a volume hologram recording layer is obtained by placing it at a position of 15 cm from a high-pressure mercury lamp (illuminance of 100 W) for 60 minutes and then performing heat treatment at 100 ° C. for 3 hours. It was.
- Example 16 Production of holographic optical element 23
- the photosensitive composition 1 for producing a volume hologram recording layer was applied using a blade coater and dried for 30 minutes in an environment of 20 ° C. and 50% RH. A photosensitive layer having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was obtained. Thereafter, the adjacent layer 2 was laminated on the surface of the photosensitive layer using a laminator.
- the PET film is peeled off, and the adjacent layer 2 separately prepared is further laminated on the exposed photosensitive layer surface using a laminator, so that the photosensitive layer 1 is formed from the photosensitive composition 1 for volume hologram recording layer preparation.
- a photosensitive film 23 sandwiched between two adjacent layers 2 was obtained.
- the obtained photosensitive film 23 was allowed to stand for 5 days in an environment of 20 ° C. and 50% RH.
- the stationary photosensitive film 23 is sandwiched between a pair of glass prism bases 104a and 104b coated with silicone adhesives 103a and 103b, as shown in FIG. 3, it has the same basic structure as FIG.
- Holographic exposure was performed using an exposure apparatus (light source: argon laser, exposure wavelength 514 nm) so that the amount of irradiation energy on the photosensitive layer surface was 24 mJ / cm 2 .
- the holographic optical element 23 having a volume hologram recording layer is obtained by placing it at a position of 15 cm from a high-pressure mercury lamp (illuminance of 100 W) for 60 minutes and then performing heat treatment at 100 ° C. for 3 hours. It was.
- Example 17 to 18 Production of holographic optical elements 24 to 25
- Table 3 holographic optical elements 24 to 25 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 16 except that the adjacent layer 2 was changed to the adjacent layers 8 and 12, respectively.
- Comparative Example 8 Production of holographic optical element 26
- Table 3 the holographic optical element 26 was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 7 except that the adjacent layer 2 was changed to the adjacent layer 16 as shown in Table 3 below.
- Hexamethylene diisocyanate 0.10 parts by mass Polypropylene glycol 10.0 parts by mass (molecular weight 4000, hydroxy value 25.3 mgKOH / g) 2- ⁇ [3- (methylsulfanyl) phenyl] carbamoyl ⁇ oxy ⁇ ethylprop-2-enoate 3.0 parts by mass CGI 909 (organoborate polymerization initiator, manufactured by BASF Japan) 0.01 parts by weight New methylene blue (phenothiazine-based sensitizing dye, manufactured by BASF Japan) 0.10 parts by weight N-ethylpyrrolidone 0.50 parts by weight ethyl acetate 25.0 parts by weight Dilaurin with respect to the obtained mixture 2 After adding 0.01 part by mass of dibutyltin acid to obtain photosensitive composition 2 for producing volume hologram recording layer, 5 minutes later, photosensitive composition 2 for producing volume hologram recording layer is formed on one side of adjacent layer 1.
- a photosensitive film 27 sandwiched between two adjacent layers 1 was obtained.
- the obtained photosensitive film 27 was allowed to stand for 5 days in an environment of 20 ° C. and 50% RH.
- the stationary photosensitive film 27 is sandwiched between a pair of glass prism bases 104a and 104b coated with silicone adhesives 103a and 103b, as shown in FIG. 3, the same basic structure as in FIG. 4 is provided.
- Holographic exposure was performed using an exposure apparatus (light source: argon laser, exposure wavelength 514 nm) so that the amount of energy on the photosensitive layer surface was 24 mJ / cm 2 , thereby obtaining a holographic optical element 27 having a volume hologram recording layer.
- Example 19 Production of holographic optical element 28
- a photosensitive composition 2 for volume hologram recording layer preparation was applied on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m using a blade coater and dried for 30 minutes in an environment of 20 ° C. and 50% RH.
- a photosensitive layer having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was obtained. Thereafter, the adjacent layer 2 was laminated on the surface of the photosensitive layer using a laminator.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the PET film is peeled, and the adjacent layer 2 separately prepared is further laminated on the exposed surface of the photosensitive layer by using a laminator, so that the photosensitive layer 2 is formed from the photosensitive composition 2 for volume hologram recording layer preparation.
- a photosensitive film 28 sandwiched between two adjacent layers 2 was obtained.
- the obtained photosensitive film 28 is sandwiched between a pair of glass prism bases 104a and 104b coated with silicone adhesives 103a and 103b, and then exposed with the same basic structure as FIG. Using an apparatus (light source: argon laser, exposure wavelength 514 nm), holographic exposure was performed so that the amount of irradiation energy on the photosensitive layer surface was 24 mJ / cm 2 to obtain a holographic optical element 28 having a volume hologram recording layer.
- light source argon laser, exposure wavelength 514 nm
- Example 20 Production of holographic optical element 29
- the obtained photosensitive film was allowed to stand for 5 days in an environment of 20 ° C. and 50% RH, and thereafter sandwiched using a pair of glass prism substrates coated with a silicone adhesive and subjected to holographic exposure.
- a holographic optical element 29 was produced.
- Example 21 Production of holographic optical element 30
- Comparative Example 9 except that the adjacent layer 1 is changed to the adjacent layer 2 and the sandwiching and holographic exposure are performed using a pair of glass prism substrates coated with a silicone adhesive immediately after obtaining the photosensitive film. In the same manner as described above, a holographic optical element 30 was produced.
- Example 22 to 23 Production of holographic optical elements 31 to 32
- Table 3 holographic optical elements 31 to 32 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 19 except that the adjacent layer 2 was changed to the adjacent layers 8 and 12, respectively.
- ⁇ Photosensitive composition 3 for volume hologram recording layer preparation 30 parts by mass of acrylic resin solution (Foret (registered trademark) GS-1000, solid content 30% by mass, manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd.) Denacol EX-411 5.0 parts by mass (Pentaerythritol polyglycidyl ether, manufactured by Nagase Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 9,9-bis (4-acryloxydiethoxyphenyl) fluorene 4.0 parts by mass Radical polymerization initiator 0.01 parts by mass (diphenyliodonium / trifluoromethanesulfonate) Cationic polymerization initiator 0.02 parts by mass (triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate, manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.) New methylene blue (phenothiazine sensitizing dye, manufactured by BASF Japan) 0.10 parts by mass Ethyl acetate 5.0 parts by mass
- the photosensitive composition 3 for volume hologram recording layer preparation described above
- the adjacent layer 1 separately prepared was further laminated using a laminator on the surface of the photosensitive layer where the adjacent layer 4 was not formed, thereby forming the photosensitive composition 3 for volume hologram recording layer preparation.
- a photosensitive film 34 in which a photosensitive layer was sandwiched between two adjacent layers 1 was obtained.
- the obtained photosensitive film 34 was allowed to stand for 5 days in an environment of 20 ° C. and 50% RH.
- the stationary photosensitive film 34 is sandwiched between a pair of glass prism bases 104a and 104b coated with silicone adhesives 103a and 103b as shown in FIG. 3, the same basic structure as in FIG. 4 is provided.
- Holographic exposure was performed using an exposure apparatus (light source: argon laser, exposure wavelength 514 nm) so that the amount of irradiation energy on the photosensitive layer surface was 24 mJ / cm 2 .
- the holographic optical element 34 having a volume hologram recording layer was obtained by further placing it at a position 20 cm from the xenon arc lamp (illuminance 150 W) for 30 minutes.
- Examples 24, 26, and 27 Production of holographic optical elements 35, 37, and 38
- Table 3 the adjacent layer 1 is changed to the adjacent layers 2, 8, and 12, respectively, and after the photosensitive film is obtained, the sandwiching and holographic exposure using the glass prism substrate is performed immediately. Obtained holographic optical elements 35, 37, and 38 in the same manner as in Comparative Example 11.
- holographic optical elements 36 and 39 were produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 11, except that the adjacent layer 1 was changed to the adjacent layers 2 and 16, respectively.
- the prepared sample for evaluation was frozen with liquid nitrogen and then cut with a microtome to prepare a sample in which the end of the adjacent layer and the vicinity of the interface between the volume hologram recording layer and the adjacent layer could be observed.
- a baseline was calculated from the transmittance of the obtained transmittance data at wavelengths of 600 nm to 460 nm, and the diffraction efficiency was calculated from the values of transmittance T and baseline transmittance B at a wavelength of 514 nm by the following equation.
- Diffraction efficiency (%) [(BT) / T] ⁇ 100 Based on the calculated diffraction efficiency, ranking was performed according to the following criteria. ⁇ to ⁇ are practical. When the diffraction efficiency is 75% or more, for example, when an LED light source is used as the light source of reproduction light, there is a possibility that the power consumption of the LED light source can be reduced. On the other hand, when the diffraction efficiency is low, such as less than 61%, it is necessary to increase the light emission intensity of the LED light source, so that problems such as increased power consumption tend to occur.
- ⁇ Ghost> For the obtained holographic optical elements 1 to 39, image information is projected onto a glass prism substrate using an LED light source having a light emitting region at a wavelength of 540 to 510 nm, and a ghost is generated in an image observed visually. Were evaluated as follows. ⁇ to ⁇ are practical.
- the holographic optical elements of the examples have diffraction gratings formed on the adjacent layers, are excellent in diffraction efficiency, and can suppress the generation of ghosts.
- the benzoyl group contained in the cellulose acylate in the adjacent layer works to improve the affinity with the radical polymerizable monomer, and the formation of the diffraction grating in the adjacent layer is further improved. There is a phenomenon that diffraction efficiency is further improved and ghost is suppressed.
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Abstract
Description
はじめに、本実施形態のホログラフィック光学素子の全体の構成を説明する。
隣接層は、母材として樹脂を含む。該隣接層は、体積ホログラム記録層の両面に接するように設けられてもよいし、片面にのみ接するように設けられてもよい。すなわち、本実施形態のホログラフィック光学素子は、体積ホログラム記録層に接する樹脂を含む隣接層を少なくとも1つ有していればよい。体積ホログラム記録層の両面に隣接層が設けられる場合、それぞれの隣接層の構成材料および厚さは同じでもよいし、異なっていてもよい。
隣接層に含まれる樹脂としては、透明性を有する公知の樹脂が使用できる。具体的な例としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン、ポリメチルメタクリレート(ポリメタクリル酸メチル)等のアクリル樹脂、セルロースアシレート、アセタール樹脂、ポリカーボネート、ポリウレタン、ポリビニルアルコール等が挙げられる。これら樹脂は、単独でもまたは2種以上混合して用いてもよい。
カラム:Shodex(登録商標)K806、K805、K803G(昭和電工株式会社製を3本接続して使用した)
カラム温度:25℃
試料濃度:0.1質量%
検出器:RI Model 504(ジーエルサイエンス株式会社製)
ポンプ:L6000(株式会社日立製作所製)
流量:1.0ml/min
校正曲線:標準ポリスチレンSTK standard ポリスチレン(東ソー株式会社製)Mw=1000000~500の13サンプルによる校正曲線を使用した。13サンプルは、ほぼ等間隔に用いる。
隣接層をフィルム状などの層状に形成する方法としては、特に制限されず、溶融押出法、溶液キャスト法(溶液流延法)、カレンダー法、圧縮成形法等、従来公知の任意の方法を用いることができる。これらの方法のうち、溶融押出法、溶液キャスト法(溶液流延法)が好ましい。
体積ホログラム記録層は、重合性モノマー、光重合開始剤、およびマトリクス樹脂またはその前駆体を含有する感光性組成物を前述の隣接層に塗布し、乾燥することで得られる塗膜(感光層)に対して、少なくともホログラフィ露光を行うことにより、該感光層内に高屈折率領域と低屈折率領域とからなる回折格子を形成することにより作製される。
ラジカル重合性モノマーとしては、比較的高屈折率を呈するものが好ましく、例えば、アクリルアミド、メタクリルアミド、メチレンビスアクリルアミド、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレート、2,3-ジブロモプロピルアクリレート、ジシクロペンタニルアクリレート、ジブロモネオペンチルグリコールジアクリレート、2-フェノキシエチルアクリレート、2-フェノキシメチルメタクリレート、フェノールエトキシレートモノアクリレート、2-(p-クロロフェノキシ)エチルアクリレート、p-クロロフェニルアクリレート、フェニルアクリレート、2-フェニルエチルアクリレート、2-(1-ナフチルオキシ)エチルアクリレート、o-ビフェニルメタクリレート、o-ビフェニルアクリレート、スチレン、メトキシスチレン、ベンジルアクリレート、フェニルアクリレート、2-フェニルエチルアクリレート、2-フェノキシエチルアクリレート、2-フェノキシエチルメタクリレート、フェノールエトキシレートアクリレート、メチルフェノキシエチルアクリレート、ノニルフェノキシエチルアクリレート、2-ヒドロキシ-3-フェノキシプロピルアクリレート、フェノキシポリエチレングリコールアクリレート、1,4-ベンゼンジオールジメタクリレート、1,4-ジイソプロペニルベンゼン、1,3,5-トリイソプロペニルベンゼン、ベンゾキノンモノメタクリレート、2-(1-ナフチロキシ)エチルアクリレート、2,3-ナフタレンジカルボン酸(アクリロキシエチル)モノエステル、ジフェノール酸のジ(3-メタクリロキシ-2-ヒドロキシプロピル)エーテル、β-アクリロキシエチルハイドロゲンフタレート、2,2-ジ(p-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパンジアクリレート、2,3-ジ(p-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパンジメタクリレート、2,2-ジ(p-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパンジメタクリレート、ポリオキシエチレン-2,2-ジ(p-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパンジメタクリレート、ビスフェノールAのジ(2-メタクリロキシエチル)エーテル、エトキシ化ビスフェノールAジアクリレート、ビスフェノールAのジ(3-アクリロキシ-2-ヒドロキシプロピル)エーテル、ビスフェノールAのジ(2-アクリロキシエチル)エーテル、2,2-ビス(4-アクリロキシエトキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(4-メタクリロキシエトキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(4-アクリロキシジエトキシフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(4-メタクリロキシジエトキシフェニル)プロパン、ビス(4-アクリロキシジエトキシフェニル)メタン、ビス(4-メタクリロキシジエトキシフェニル)メタン、2-クロロスチレン、2-ブロモスチレン、2-(p-クロロフェノキシ)エチルアクリレート、テトラクロロ-ビスフェノールAのジ(3-アクリロキシ-2-ヒドロキシプロピル)エーテル、テトラクロロ-ビスフェノールAのジ(2-メタクリロキシエチル)エーテル、テトラブロモ-ビスフェノールAのジ(3-メタクリロキシ-2-ヒドロキシプロピル)エーテル、テトラブロモビスフェノールAのジ(2-メタクリロキシエチル)エーテル、ビス(4-アクリロキシエトキシ-3,5-ジブロモフェニル)メタン、ビス(4-メタクリロキシエトキシ-3,5-ジブロモフェニル)メタン、2,2-ビス(4-アクリロキシエトキシ-3,5-ジブロモフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(4-メタクリロキシエトキシ-3,5-ジブロモフェニル)プロパン、ビス(4-アクリロキシエトキシフェニル)スルホン、ビス(4-メタクリロキシエトキシフェニル)スルホン、ビス(4-アクリロキシジエトキシフェニル)スルホン、ビス(4-メタクリロキシジエトキシフェニル)スルホン、ビス(4-アクリロキシプロポキシ-3,5-ジブロモフェニル)スルホン、ビス(4-メタクリロキシプロポキシ-3,5-ジブロモフェニル)スルホン、ジエチレンジチオグリコールジアクリレート、ジエチレンジチオグリコールジメタクリレート、トリフェニルメチルチオアクリレート、2-(トリシクロ[5,2,1,02,6]ジブロモデシルチオ)エチルアクリレート、S-(1-ナフチルメチル)チオアクリレート、特開平2-247205号公報や特開平2-261808号公報に記載の分子内に少なくともS原子を2個以上含むエチレン性不飽和結合含有化合物、N-ビニルカルバゾール、2-(9-カルバゾリル)エチルアクリレート、2-〔β-(N-カルバゾリル)プロピオニルオキシ〕エチルアクリレート、2-ナフチルアクリレート、ペンタクロロフェニルアクリレート、2,4,6-トリブロモフェニルアクリレート、2-(2-ナフチルオキシ)エチルアクリレート、N-フェニルマレイミド、p-ビフェニルメタクリレート、2-ビニルナフタレン、2-ナフチルメタクリレート、2,3-ナフタリンジカルボン酸(2-アクリロキシエチル)(3-アクリロキシプロピル-2-ヒドロキシ)ジエステル、N-フェニルメタクリルアミド、t-ブチルフェニルメタクリレート、ジフェン酸(2-メタクリロキシエチル)モノエステル、ジフェン酸(2-アクリロキシエチル)(3-アクリロキシプロピル-2-ヒドロキシ)ジエステル、4,5-フェナントレンジカルボン酸(2-アクリロキシエチル)(3-アクリロキシプロピル-2-ヒドロキシ)ジエステル、2-{{[3-(メチルスルファニル)フェニル]カルバモイル}オキシ}エチルプロパ-2-エノエートなどが挙げられる。
光ラジカル重合開始剤は、ホログラフィ露光における、特定波長のレーザー光またはコヒーレンス性に優れた光の照射によって、ラジカル重合性モノマーの光重合を開始させる剤である。光ラジカル重合開始剤として、例えば米国特許第4766055号明細書、同第4868092号明細書、同第4965171号明細書、特開昭54-151024号公報、同58-15503号公報、同58-29803号公報、同59-189340号公報、同60-76735号公報、特開平1-28715号公報、同4-239505号公報および「プロシーディングス・オブ・コンフェレンス・オン・ラジエーション・キュアリング・エイジア(PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE ON RADIATION CURING ASIA)」(pp.461~477、1988年)等に記載されている公知の重合開始剤が使用できるが、これらに制限されない。
上記感光性組成物は、光ラジカル重合開始剤に対する増感機能を有する増感剤を含んでもよい。このような増感剤は、400~800nm、特に450~700nmの範囲に吸収極大波長を有する。これらの増感剤が上記範囲の光を吸収し、これにより光ラジカル重合開始剤に対して増感作用が生じる。
マトリクス樹脂は、体積ホログラム記録層の膜厚の均一性、耐熱性、機械的物性等を向上させ、ホログラフィ露光により形成されるホログラムを安定化させる働きを有する。また、体積ホログラム記録層形成時には、重合性モノマーやフォトポリマーの拡散移動現象を阻害しない、または効率よく発現させる機能を有し得る。
感光性組成物は、塗工する際に必要に応じて溶媒を用いてもよい。ただし、感光性組成物に、常温で液状である成分が含有されている場合は、溶媒が必要ない場合もある。
感光性組成物は、上記効果を損なわない限り、必要に応じて、可塑剤、相溶化剤、重合抑制剤、界面活性剤、シランカップリング剤、消泡剤、剥離剤、安定化剤、酸化防止剤、難燃剤、光学増白剤、紫外線吸収剤等の添加剤をさらに含んでもよい。
感光性組成物は、上記した各成分を一括または順次混合することにより得ることができる。混合の際用いる装置としては、例えば、マグネチックスターラー、ホモディスパー、クイックホモミキサー、プラネタリーミキサーなどの攪拌または混合装置が挙げられる。得られた感光性組成物は、必要に応じて、濾過してから用いてもよい。
ホログラフィック光学素子の製造方法としては、特に制限されないが、樹脂を含む隣接層上に、重合性モノマーを含む感光層を形成し、該感光層に対してホログラフィ露光を行い、体積ホログラム記録層を形成することを有する製造方法が挙げられる。
感光層にホログラフィ露光を行い、体積ホログラムを記録(書き込み)し体積ホログラム記録層とする方法、および体積ホログラムを再生(読み出し)する方法としては、特に制限されないが、例えば、下記の方法が挙げられる。
本実施形態のホログラフィック光学素子は、上記以外に、保護層、反射層、反射防止膜、紫外線吸収層等、他の層を有していてもよい。
本実施形態のホログラフィック光学素子は、透明な支持体にさらに挟持されていてもよい。支持体は本実施形態のホログラフィック光学素子の保護、保持の為に採用されてもよいし、ホログラフィック光学素子と複合してプリズムなどの光学素子として機能するために採用されてもよい。
本実施形態のホログラフィック光学素子は、例えば、ヘッドマウントディスプレイ(HMD)、ヘッドアップディスプレイ(HUD)、光メモリ、光ディスク用ピックアップレンズ、液晶用カラーフィルター、反射型液晶反射板、レンズ、回折格子、干渉フィルター、光ファイバー用結合器、ファクシミリ用光偏光器、建築用窓ガラス、書籍、雑誌等の表紙、POPなどのディスプレイ、ギフト、偽造防止用のセキュリティ目的としてクレジットカード、紙幣、包装等に好適に用いられる。
密封容器に、下記各成分を投入し、70℃まで加熱した後4時間攪拌を続けて、セルロースアシレートを完全に溶解し、ドープ1を得た。
セルロースアシレート(アセチル基置換度 1.78) 100質量部
2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-3’,5’-ジ-t-ブチルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール(紫外線吸収剤) 1.0質量部
下記化学式(2)で表される可塑剤 20質量部
メチレンクロライド 475質量部
エタノール 50質量部。
セルロースアシレート(アセチル基置換度 1.78)に代えて、下記表1に示すように、アセチル基置換度が1.80、2.20、2.38、2.41、2.64、2.67、2.70、アセチル基置換度が2.40でn-プロピオニル基置換度が0.10、アセチル基置換度が2.40でn-プロピオニル基置換度が0.40、アセチル基置換度が2.40でn-ブタノイル基置換度が0.20、アセチル基置換度が2.40でベンゾイル基置換度が0.10、アセチル基置換度が2.40でn-プロピオニル基置換度が0.50のセルロースアシレートをそれぞれ用いたこと以外は、上記<隣接層1の作製>と同様にして、隣接層2~13を作製した。隣接層2~13の密度(g/cm3)は、それぞれ1.20、1.21、1.28、1.31、1.35、1.38、1.39、1.32、1.33、1.31、1.31、1.34であった。
ポリメタクリル酸メチルフィルム(パラピュア、株式会社クラレ製、厚さ100μm)をそのまま隣接層14として用いた。フィルム(隣接層14)の密度は1.24g/cm3であった。
融点98℃の高密度ポリエチレンペレットを押出機に供給し、280℃の温度で溶融押出後30μmカットフィルターにより濾過を行った後に、Tダイ口金に導入した。
ガラス転移温度80℃、融点253℃のポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)ペレットを押出機に供給し、280℃の温度で溶融押出後、30μmカットフィルターにより濾過を行い、その後Tダイ口金に導入した。
暗室下で下記成分を容器に投入し、30分間室温で攪拌し溶液を得た。得られた溶液をメッシュで濾過し、体積ホログラム記録層作製用感光性組成物1とした。
酢酸ビニル-テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体 12.0質量部
{酢酸ビニル:テトラフルオロエチレン=78:22(質量比)}
フェノールエトキシレートモノアクリレート 1.0質量部
エトキシ化ビスフェノールAジアクリレート 2.0質量部
フッ素系ノニオン性界面活性剤 0.10質量部
(FC-430;Fluorad 430;3Mカンパニー製)
2,2’-ビス(2-クロロフェニル)-4,4’,5,5’-
テトラフェニル-1,1’-ビスイミダゾール 0.05質量部
4-メチル-4H-1,2,4-トリアゾール-3-チオール
0.05質量部
下記構造のスクアリリウム系化合物 0.10質量部
厚さ100μmのポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム上に、体積ホログラム記録層作製用感光性組成物1を、ブレードコーターを用いて塗布し、20℃、50%RHの環境下で30分間乾燥させ、厚さ25μmの感光層を得た。その後、別途作製した隣接層2を感光層面上にラミネーターを用いてラミネートした。
隣接層2を、下記表2に示すように、隣接層2~7、9~14に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、ホログラフィック光学素子2~12を作製し、実施例2~12とした。また、隣接層2を、下記表2に示すように、隣接層1、8、15、16に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、ホログラフィック光学素子13~16を作製し、比較例1~4とした。
隣接層1の片面上に体積ホログラム記録層作製用感光性組成物1を、ブレードコーターを用いて塗布し、20℃、50%RHの環境下で30分間乾燥させ、厚さ25μmの感光層を得た。その後、感光層の隣接層1が形成されていない面上に、別途作製した隣接層1を、ラミネーターを用いてさらにラミネートすることで、体積ホログラム記録層作製用感光性組成物1から形成された感光層が、2つの隣接層1に挟持されてなる感光性フィルム17を得た。
隣接層1を、下記表2に示すように、隣接層2、5、12、および16にそれぞれ変更したこと以外は、比較例5と同様にして、ホログラフィック光学素子18~21を作製し、実施例13~15、比較例6とした。
隣接層1の片面上に体積ホログラム記録層作製用感光性組成物1を、ブレードコーターを用いて塗布し、20℃、50%RHの環境下で30分間乾燥させ、厚さ25μmの感光層を得た。その後、感光層の隣接層1が形成されていない面上に、別途作製した隣接層1を、ラミネーターを用いてさらにラミネートすることで、体積ホログラム記録層作製用感光性組成物1から形成された感光層が、2つの隣接層1に挟持されてなる感光性フィルム22を得た。
厚さ100μmのポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム上に、体積ホログラム記録層作製用感光性組成物1を、ブレードコーターを用いて塗布し、20℃、50%RHの環境下で30分間乾燥させ、厚さ25μmの感光層を得た。その後、隣接層2を感光層面上にラミネーターを用いてラミネートした。
隣接層2を、下記表3に示すように、隣接層8および12にそれぞれ変更したこと以外は、実施例16と同様にして、ホログラフィック光学素子24~25を得た。
隣接層2を、下記表3に示すように、隣接層16に変更したこと以外は、比較例7と同様にして、ホログラフィック光学素子26を得た。
暗室下で下記成分を容器に投入し、30分間室温で攪拌し溶液を得た。得られた溶液をメッシュで濾過し、混合物2を得た。
ポリプロピレングリコール 10.0質量部
(分子量4000、ヒドロキシ価25.3mgKOH/g)
2-{{[3-(メチルスルファニル)フェニル]カルバモイル}オキシ}エチルプロパ-2-エノエート 3.0質量部
CGI 909(有機ホウ素酸塩重合開始剤、BASFジャパン社製)
0.01質量部
ニューメチレンブルー(フェノチアジン系増感色素、BASFジャパン社製) 0.10質量部
N-エチルピロリドン 0.50質量部
酢酸エチル 25.0質量部
得られた混合物2に対して、ジラウリン酸ジブチルスズ0.01質量部を添加し体積ホログラム記録層作製用感光性組成物2を得てから、その5分後に、隣接層1の片面上に体積ホログラム記録層作製用感光性組成物2を、ブレードコーターを用いて塗布した。その後、20℃、50%RHの環境下で30分間乾燥させ、さらに60℃で2時間の熱処理をおこない、厚さ25μmの感光層を得た。感光層の隣接層1が形成されていない面上に、別途作製した隣接層1を、ラミネーターを用いてさらにラミネートすることで、体積ホログラム記録層作製用感光性組成物2から形成された感光層が、2つの隣接層1に挟持されてなる感光性フィルム27を得た。
厚さ100μmのポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム上に、体積ホログラム記録層作製用感光性組成物2を、ブレードコーターを用いて塗布し、20℃、50%RHの環境下で30分間乾燥させ、厚さ25μmの感光層を得た。その後、隣接層2を感光層面上にラミネーターを用いてラミネートした。
得られた感光性フィルムを、20℃、50%RHの環境下で5日間静置した後、シリコーン粘着剤が塗設された一対のガラスプリズム基体を用いた挟持およびホログラフィ露光を行うこと以外は、実施例19と同様にして、ホログラフィック光学素子29を作製した。
隣接層1を隣接層2に変更し、さらに感光性フィルムを得てからすぐにシリコーン粘着剤が塗設された一対のガラスプリズム基体を用いた挟持およびホログラフィ露光を行うこと以外は、比較例9と同様にして、ホログラフィック光学素子30を作製した。
隣接層2を、下記表3に示すように、隣接層8および12にそれぞれ変更したこと以外は、実施例19と同様にして、ホログラフィック光学素子31~32を得た。
隣接層1を隣接層16に変更したこと以外は、比較例9と同様にして、ホログラフィック光学素子33を得た。
暗室下で下記成分を容器に投入し、30分間室温で攪拌し溶液を得た。得られた溶液をメッシュで濾過し、体積ホログラム記録層作製用感光性組成物3とした。
アクリル樹脂溶液 30質量部
(フォレット(登録商標)GS-1000、固形分30質量%、綜研化学株式会社製)
デナコールEX-411 5.0質量部
(ペンタエリスリトールポリグリシジルエーテル、ナガセ化成工業株式会社製)
9,9-ビス(4-アクリロキシジエトキシフェニル)フルオレン
4.0質量部
ラジカル重合開始剤 0.01質量部
(ジフェニルヨードニウム・トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸塩)
カチオン重合開始剤 0.02質量部
(トリアリールスルホニウム・ヘキサフルオロアンチモネート、BASFジャパン株式会社製)
ニューメチレンブルー(フェノチアジン系増感色素、BASFジャパン社製)
0.10質量部
酢酸エチル 5.0質量部
隣接層1の片面上に、上記の体積ホログラム記録層作製用感光性組成物3を、ブレードコーターを用いて塗布し、20℃、50%RHの環境下で30分間乾燥させ、感光層を得た。その後、感光層の隣接層4が形成されていない面上に、別途作製した隣接層1を、ラミネーターを用いてさらにラミネートすることで、体積ホログラム記録層作製用感光性組成物3から形成された感光層が、2つの隣接層1に挟持されてなる感光性フィルム34を得た。
隣接層1を、下記表3に示すように、隣接層2、8、および12にそれぞれ変更し、さらに感光性フィルムを得てからすぐにガラスプリズム基体を用いた挟持およびホログラフィ露光を行うこと以外は、比較例11と同様にして、ホログラフィック光学素子35、37、38を得た。
隣接層1を、下記表3に示すように、隣接層2および16にそれぞれ変更したこと以外は、比較例11と同様にして、ホログラフィック光学素子36、39を作製した。
<回折格子の隣接層側の長さの計測>
上記実施例および比較例の方法に準じて、大きさが10mm×20mmである体積ホログラム記録層と、大きさが11mm×21mmである隣接層と、を1層ずつ有する2層構造の評価用サンプルを作製した。なお、隣接層上への感光層の形成をラミネートのみで行っているホログラフィック光学素子(No.1~16、23~25、28~29、31~32)に準じた評価用サンプルは、ラミネートにより感光層と隣接層との貼り合わせを行って作製した。隣接層上に直接感光性組成物を塗布し乾燥して感光層を得ているホログラフィック光学素子(No.17~22、26~27、30、33~39)に準じた評価用サンプルは、隣接層上に感光性組成物を直接塗布し乾燥して感光層を形成して作製した。
得られたホログラフィック光学素子1~39について、分光光度計U-3900(株式会社日立製作所製)を用い、以下の条件で透過率を測定した。
スキャンスピード 600nm/min
得られた透過率データの波長600nm~460nmの透過率よりベースラインを算出し、波長514nmにおける透過率Tとベースライン透過率Bとの値から、回折効率を以下の式により算出した。
算出された回折効率から、以下の基準でランク分けをした。◎~○が実用可能である。回折効率が75%以上であると、例えば再生光の光源としてLED光源を用いた場合、LED光源の消費電力を削減することができる可能性がある。一方、回折効率が61%未満のように低い場合は、LED光源の発光強度を高める必要があるため、消費電力が増える等の不具合が生じやすい。
◎:回折効率が75%以上
○:回折効率が61%以上75%未満
×:回折効率が61%未満。
得られたホログラフィック光学素子1~39に対して、波長540nm~510nmに発光領域を有するLED光源を用いて、ガラスプリズム基体に映像情報を投影し、目視で観察される映像でのゴースト発生状況を、以下のように評価した。◎~○が実用可能である。
◎:ゴーストは全く発生していない
○:軽微なゴーストが発生しているが、十分に映像情報が認識できる
×:ゴーストがひどく、映像情報が認識できない。
Claims (7)
- フォトポリマーを含む体積ホログラム記録層と、
前記体積ホログラム記録層に接しており、樹脂を含む少なくとも1つの隣接層と、
を有するホログラフィック光学素子であって、回折格子が前記体積ホログラム記録層から前記隣接層に及んで形成されている、ホログラフィック光学素子。 - 前記隣接層の密度が1.20~1.38g/cm3である、請求項1に記載のホログラフィック光学素子。
- 前記隣接層の密度が1.30~1.35g/cm3である、請求項2に記載のホログラフィック光学素子。
- 前記隣接層がセルロースアシレートを含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のホログラフィック光学素子。
- 前記セルロースアシレートがベンゾイル基を有する、請求項4に記載のホログラフィック光学素子。
- 樹脂を含む隣接層上に重合性モノマーを含む感光層を形成した後、前記感光層に対してホログラフィ露光を行い、体積ホログラム記録層を形成することを有する、ホログラフィック光学素子の製造方法。
- 前記隣接層上に前記重合性モノマーを含む感光性組成物を塗布し乾燥することにより前記感光層を形成する、請求項6に記載のホログラフィック光学素子の製造方法。
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- 2016-07-12 US US15/746,940 patent/US10534121B2/en active Active
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| JP2021530747A (ja) * | 2018-07-24 | 2021-11-11 | マジック リープ, インコーポレイテッドMagic Leap, Inc. | 再バウンス誘発光損失の軽減を伴う回折光学要素および関連システムおよび方法 |
| US11693246B2 (en) | 2018-07-24 | 2023-07-04 | Magic Leap, Inc. | Diffractive optical elements with mitigation of rebounce-induced light loss and related systems and methods |
| JP7418400B2 (ja) | 2018-07-24 | 2024-01-19 | マジック リープ, インコーポレイテッド | 再バウンス誘発光損失の軽減を伴う回折光学要素および関連システムおよび方法 |
| US12181679B2 (en) | 2018-07-24 | 2024-12-31 | Magic Leap, Inc. | Diffractive optical elements with mitigation of rebounce-induced light loss and related systems and methods |
| JP2025123346A (ja) * | 2018-07-24 | 2025-08-22 | マジック リープ, インコーポレイテッド | 再バウンス誘発光損失の軽減を伴う回折光学要素および関連システムおよび方法 |
| JP2020126239A (ja) * | 2019-02-05 | 2020-08-20 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 画像表示用導光板 |
| JP2023016819A (ja) * | 2019-02-05 | 2023-02-02 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 画像表示用導光板 |
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| JP2024161574A (ja) * | 2019-02-05 | 2024-11-19 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 画像表示用導光板及びarグラス |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3327472A4 (en) | 2018-06-27 |
| JP6652136B2 (ja) | 2020-02-19 |
| US20180217311A1 (en) | 2018-08-02 |
| US10534121B2 (en) | 2020-01-14 |
| JPWO2017014105A1 (ja) | 2018-05-10 |
| EP3327472A1 (en) | 2018-05-30 |
| EP3327472B1 (en) | 2019-10-30 |
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