WO2017017025A1 - Installation de gnl comprenant un compresseur axial et un compresseur centrifuge - Google Patents

Installation de gnl comprenant un compresseur axial et un compresseur centrifuge Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017017025A1
WO2017017025A1 PCT/EP2016/067567 EP2016067567W WO2017017025A1 WO 2017017025 A1 WO2017017025 A1 WO 2017017025A1 EP 2016067567 W EP2016067567 W EP 2016067567W WO 2017017025 A1 WO2017017025 A1 WO 2017017025A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
impellers
compression train
compressor
compression
train
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2016/067567
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English (en)
Inventor
Giuseppe Iurisci
Simone CORBO
Giuseppe Sassanelli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nuovo Pignone Technologie SRL
Original Assignee
Nuovo Pignone Technologie SRL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from ITUB2015A002501A external-priority patent/ITUB20152501A1/it
Priority claimed from ITUB2015A002489A external-priority patent/ITUB20152489A1/it
Application filed by Nuovo Pignone Technologie SRL filed Critical Nuovo Pignone Technologie SRL
Priority to JP2018501356A priority Critical patent/JP2019502046A/ja
Priority to EP16741347.5A priority patent/EP3325811A1/fr
Priority to BR112018001366A priority patent/BR112018001366A2/pt
Priority to US15/747,178 priority patent/US20180209427A1/en
Priority to KR1020187004088A priority patent/KR20180040153A/ko
Priority to CN201680043560.2A priority patent/CN107850077A/zh
Publication of WO2017017025A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017017025A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
    • F04D27/0238—Details or means for fluid reinjection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/02—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps having non-centrifugal stages, e.g. centripetal
    • F04D17/025—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps having non-centrifugal stages, e.g. centripetal comprising axial flow and radial flow stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
    • F04D17/12—Multi-stage pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
    • F04D19/02—Multi-stage pumps
    • F04D19/028—Layout of fluid flow through the stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/16—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
    • F04D27/023—Details or means for fluid extraction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0269—Surge control by changing flow path between different stages or between a plurality of compressors; load distribution between compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/284—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for compressors
    • F04D29/286—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for compressors multi-stage rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/321—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
    • F04D29/522—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0082—Methane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0085—Ethane; Ethylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0087—Propane; Propylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0207—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level SCR refrigeration cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
    • F25J1/0209—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop as at least a three level refrigeration cascade
    • F25J1/021—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop as at least a three level refrigeration cascade using a deep flash recycle loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
    • F25J1/0216—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle using a C3 pre-cooling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0217—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0218—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one or more SCR cycles, e.g. with a C3 pre-cooling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.

Definitions

  • Improvements may derive from e.g. the structure and/or operation of the machines, the connection of machines, or the combination of machines (for example trains of machines). Improvements may consist in e.g. increased efficiency and/or reduced losses, increased production and/or decreased wastes, increased functions, reduced cost, reduced size and/or footprint.
  • a further LNG process is known in the field of "Oil & Gas” as “AP-X"; this process uses two pure-refrigerants, i.e. propane and nitrogen, and a mixed refrigerant, i.e. a mixture of typically propane, ethylene, and methane; this process is a 3-cycles (two) pure-refrigerants and (one) mixed-refrigerant liquefaction technology; this process is an evolution of the "APCI" process.
  • pure refrigerant actually means that one substance is predominant (for example, at least 90% or 95% or 98%>) in the refrigerant; the substance may be a chemical compound (for example, propane, ethane, ethylene, methane) or a chemical element (for example, nitrogen).
  • Embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein relate to LNG plants.
  • the LNG plant comprises a compression train and a further compression train.
  • the compression train comprises an engine and a compressor driven by the engine;
  • the compressor is an axial compressor and comprises a first set of axial compression stages and a second set of axial compression stages arranged downstream the first set of axial compression stages; at least the first set and the second set of axial compression stages are housed inside one case;
  • the compressor has: one main inlet arranged upstream the first set of axial compression stages, one main outlet arranged downstream the second set of axial compression stages, at least one auxiliary inlet and/or at least one outlet arranged downstream the first set of axial compression stages and upstream the second set of axial compression stages;
  • the compressor is configured so that a fluid entering the compressor through the auxiliary inlet is redirected from a substantially radial direction to a substantially axial direction and/or a fluid exiting the compressor through the auxiliary outlet is redirected from a substantially axial direction to a substantially radial direction.
  • the further compression train comprises a further engine and a further compressor driven by the further engine;
  • the further compressor is a centrifugal compressor and comprises a first set of impellers and a second set of impellers arranged downstream or upstream the first set of impellers; the impellers of the first set are centrifugal and unshrouded; the impellers of the second set are centrifugal and shrouded; at least the impellers of the first set and of the second set are housed inside one case; the impellers of the first set and of the second set are coupled to each other through mechanical connections.
  • This kind of axial compressor is a high-flow compressor and hereinafter is also referred to as "high-flow axial compressor”.
  • substantially axial direction is a direction parallel to the direction of the compressor axis or a direction substantially tangential to the compression flow path, the compression flow path being the path defined by the flow of the fluid during its compression.
  • Such LNG plant may advantageously implement, for example, 3-cycles pure- refrigerants liquefaction technologies or multiple-cycles pure-refrigerant and mixed-refrigerant liquefaction technologies.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a compression train
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a compression train
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a compressor that may be a component of the compression train of Fig. 1 ;
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a compressor that may be a component of the compression train of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a LNG plant;
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a LNG plant.
  • Fig. 1 shows a compression train 100 comprising an engine 1 10 and a compressor 130 driven by the engine 1 10.
  • the compressor 130 is an axial (i.e. axial flow) compressor and comprises at least a first set of axial compression stages (i.e. one or more stages) and at least a second set of axial compression stages (i.e. one or more stages) arranged downstream the first set of axial compression stages.
  • the first set includes two stages 31 1 and 312, but any number of stages from 1 to e.g. 20 is suitable.
  • the second set includes three stages 321 and 322 and 323, but any number of stages from 1 to e.g. 20 is suitable.
  • At least the first set and the second set of axial compression stages are housed inside one case 300; typically, all the sets of stages are housed inside this case.
  • the compressor 130 has: one main inlet 301 for receiving a fluid to compressed (labelled 131 in Fig.
  • the inlet may be directly (i.e. nothing in-between) arranged upstream these stages,
  • the outlet may be directly (i.e. nothing in-between) arranged downstream these stages, at least one auxiliary inlet and/or at least one outlet arranged downstream the first set of axial compression stages and upstream the second set of axial compression stages - according to the embodiment of Fig. 3, there is only one auxiliary inlet 303 that is arranged directly downstream stages 31 1 and 312 and directly upstream stages 321 and 322 and 323.
  • the first set and the second set of axial compression stages may be arranged to compress the same type of working fluid or different types of working fluid.
  • the axial compression stages of the first set process a first flow of the working fluid (see e.g. arrow 301 in Fig. 3)
  • the axial compression stages of the second set process the first flow of the working fluid after that it has been processed by stages of the first set (see e.g. arrow 304 in Fig. 3)
  • a second flow of the working fluid see e.g. arrow 303C in Fig. 3) entering in an auxiliary inlet (see e.g. arrow 303 in Fig. 3).
  • a first working fluid enters in the main inlet (e.g. inlet 301 in Fig. 3) and exits from an auxiliary outlet (Fig. 3 does not show an auxiliary outlet), while the second working fluid enters in an auxiliary inlet (e.g. inlet 303 in Fig. 3) and exits from the main outlet (e.g. outlet 302 in Fig. 3).
  • the main inlet 301 is used for receiving a first fluid flow to be compressed and the auxiliary inlet 303 is used for receiving a second fluid flow to be compressed;
  • the auxiliary inlet 303 is substantially radially (or perfectly) oriented on an external side 303A and provides an injection of a fluid flow that is substantially (or perfectly) axially oriented on an internal side 303C;
  • the first fluid flow that is already partially compressed by stages 31 1 and 312 and that flows axially (304) and the second fluid flow that is not yet compressed and that flows axially (303C) meet and are compressed by stages 321 and 322 and 323;
  • the second fluid flow is redirected, i.e. bent, from the radial direction to the axial direction along an intermediate path 303B from the external side 303A to the internal side 303C.
  • the sets of axial compression stages may be more than two, for example three or four.
  • auxiliary inlets There may be one or more auxiliary outlets.
  • the machine results very compact and only one casing is required for processing more than one flows of fluid.
  • the axial injection of one or more side streams of working fluid in the main stream of working fluid processed by the compressor can increase the overall efficiency of the compressor.
  • Axial compressor is a type of compressor that, on equal terms, can process higher flow rates than other types of compressor.
  • axial compressors are more efficient than centrifugal compressors, so, at the same power, they can compress more fluid, i.e. a higher flow rate of fluid. Therefore, it is advantageous to use axial compressors for propane as the quantity of liquefied natural gas produced is directly proportional to the flow rate of propane.
  • axial compressors are, at the same power, smaller than centrifugal compressors. Therefore, it is advantageous to use axial compressors for propane as the size and/or the number of compressors in a plant, in particular an LNG plant, is reduced.
  • auxiliary inlet/s and/or auxiliary outlet/s enable the compressor to be more flexible and to adapt the operative conditions of the machine to the process where the compressor is used.
  • the auxiliary inlet/s and auxiliary outlet/s may be used to extract working fluid from the compressor and refrigerate it before being reinjected.
  • the engine 1 10 may be an electric motor or a steam turbine or a gas turbine, in particular an aeroderivative gas turbine. It is to be noted that, in addition to a main engine, there may be an auxiliary engine which is connected to the shaft of the compression train (in particular of a LNG plant) to help the main engine when the power absorbed by the compressor exceeds certain thresholds; such auxiliary engine is sometimes called "helper".
  • the engine 1 10 and the compressor 130 may be connected directly or through a gear train 120 (that is usually part of a gearbox), as shown in Fig. 1.
  • a train identical or similar to the one shown in Fig. 1 (and Fig. 3) is particularly advantageous when arranged to provide compressed propane.
  • this is the case of LNG plants that implement liquefaction technologies with 3-cycles of three pure-refrigerants (e.g. "CPOC"), LNG plants that implement liquefaction technologies with 2-cycles of one pure-refrigerant and one mixed- refrigerant (e.g. "APCI”), and LNG plants that implement liquefaction technologies with 3-cycles of two pure-refrigerants and one mixed-refrigerant (e.g. "AP-X").
  • Fig. 2 shows a compression train 200 comprising an engine 210 and a high- compression-ratio compressor 230 driven by the engine 210.
  • the high- compression-ratio compressor 230 is a centrifugal (i.e. centrifugal flow) compressor and comprises a first set of impellers (i.e. one or more impellers) and a second set of impellers (i.e. one or more impellers) arranged downstream or upstream the first set of impellers.
  • the first set includes two impellers 41 1 and 412, but any number of impellers from 1 to e.g. 20 is suitable.
  • the second set includes three impellers 421 and 422 and 423, but any number of impellers from 1 to e.g. 20 is suitable.
  • the impellers 41 1 and 412 of the first set are centrifugal and unshrouded.
  • the impellers 421 and 422 and 423 of the second set are centrifugal and shrouded.
  • At least impellers 41 1 and 412 and 421 and 422 and 423 of the first set and of the second set are housed inside one case 400.
  • the impellers 41 1 and 412 and 421 and 422 and 423 of the first set and of the second set are coupled to each other through mechanical connections.
  • the sets of axial compression stages may be more than two, for example three or four.
  • auxiliary inlets There may be one or more auxiliary outlets.
  • at least some of the impellers of said high-compression-ratio centrifugal compressor are stacked on each other and mechanically coupled by means Hirth joint.
  • the stacked and coupled impellers are tightened together by means of a tie rod, in this way, a very stable and reliable mechanical connection is achieved.
  • Each impeller has for example a passing hole at its rotational axis and is configured so that the tie rod can pass through it.
  • a rotor is achieved when the impellers are stacked and tightened together.
  • all impellers 41 1 , 412, 421 , 422, 423 of the two sets are stacked, coupled by Hirth joints 440A, 440B, 440C, 440D, and tightened together by a tie rod 430.
  • Compressor 230 has a main inlet 401 (labelled 231 in Fig. 2), a main outlet 402 (labelled 232 in Fig. 2), and at least one auxiliary inlet and/or at least one auxiliary outlet at an intermediate position along the flow path from the main inlet 401 to the main outlet 402;
  • Fig. 4 shows the general case of one intermediate tap 403, being in some embodiments an auxiliary inlet (see upward arrow) and being in some embodiments an auxiliary outlet (see downward arrow).
  • the second set of impellers (421 and 422 and 423) are downstream the first set of impellers (41 1 and 412), and the impellers (421 and 422 and 423) of the second set may have a smaller diameter than the impellers (41 1 and 412) of the first set.
  • the impellers of the first set of impellers (41 1 and 412) are unshrouded and with a larger diameter than those of the second set of impellers (421 and 422 and 423).
  • Unshrouded impellers can rotate faster than shrouded impellers, due to the absence of the shroud; in fact, when the impeller rotates the shroud is pull outwardly by the centrifugal force acting on it and over a certain rotary speed the shroud risks to pull out the impeller.
  • the compressor can rotate faster than traditional centrifugal compressors thus achieving a greater compression ratio.
  • unshrouded impellers and shrouded impellers may alternate between each other; this happens, in particular, when there is one or more auxiliary inlets and/or outlets.
  • the engine 210 may be an electric motor or a steam turbine or a gas turbine, in particular an aeroderivative gas turbine.
  • auxiliary engine which is connected to the shaft of the compression train (in particular of a LNG plant) to help the main engine when the power absorbed by the compressor exceeds certain thresholds; such auxiliary engine is sometimes called "helper".
  • the engine 210 and the compressor 230 may be connected directly or through a gear train 120 (that is usually part of a gearbox), as shown in Fig. 1.
  • Centrifugal compressors identical or similar to the one shown in Fig. 2 (and Fig. 4) may rotate very quickly and so they can reach a very high compression ratio. Therefore, a single innovative centrifugal compressor in a single (and small) case may replace two or more traditional centrifugal compressors in distinct cases.
  • a train identical or similar to the one shown in Fig. 2 (and Fig. 4) is particularly advantageous when arranged to provide compressed methane. For example, this is the case of LNG plants that implement liquefaction technologies with 3-cycles of three pure-refrigerants (e.g. "CPOC").
  • CPOC pure-refrigerants
  • a train identical or similar to the one shown in Fig. 2 (and Fig. 4) is particularly advantageous when arranged to provide compressed mixed refrigerant.
  • this is the case of LNG plants that implement liquefaction technologies with 2-cycles of one pure-refrigerant and one mixed-refrigerant (e.g. "APCI"), and LNG plants that implement liquefaction technologies with 3-cycles of two pure-refrigerants and one mixed-refrigerant (e.g. "AP-X").
  • a train identical or similar to the one shown in Fig. 2 (and Fig. 4) is particularly advantageous when arranged to provide compressed nitrogen.
  • Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 show embodiments of LNG liquefaction lines 500 and 600 of LNG plants.
  • Labels 501 and 601 indicate the gaseous natural gas inlets and labels 502 and 602 indicate the liquefied natural gas outlets.
  • Labels 540 and 640 indicate the equipment of the line that processes the natural gas, cools it and liquefies it. The other components of the line provide pressurized refrigerant gasses to such equipment.
  • equipment 540 implements a 2-cycles pure-refrigerant and mixed- refrigerant liquefaction technology (e.g. "APCI”); therefore, it uses pressurized propane and pressurized mixed refrigerant.
  • equipment 640 implements a 3 -cycles pure-refrigerants liquefaction technology (e.g. "CPOC”); therefore, it uses pressurized propane, pressurized methane and pressurized ethane or ethylene.
  • APCI pure-refrigerant and mixed- refrigerant liquefaction technology
  • CPOC pure-refrigerants liquefaction technology
  • the LNG liquefaction line of Fig. 5 there is at least one high-flow axial compressor 510 (driven by an engine not shown in the figure) in a single case for compressing propane from at least two different lower pressures to a higher pressure.
  • the low-pressure propane inlets may be typically two or three or four.
  • the LNG liquefaction line of Fig. 5 there is at least one high-compression- ratio centrifugal compressor 520 (driven by an engine not shown in the figure) in a single case for compressing mixed refrigerant from at least two different lower pressures to at least two different higher pressures.
  • the compressor 520 is fluidly connected to an intercooler 550 by means of a corresponding auxiliary inlet and a corresponding auxiliary outlet of the compressor 520 to provide an inter-refrigeration step.
  • the LNG liquefaction line of Fig. 6 there is at least one high-flow axial compressor 610 (driven by an engine not shown in the figure) in a single case for compressing propane from at least two different lower pressures to a higher pressure.
  • the low-pressure propane inlets may be typically two or three or four.
  • the LNG liquefaction line of Fig. 6 there is at least one high-compression- ratio centrifugal compressor 620 (driven by an engine not shown in the figure) in a single case for compressing methane from at least two different lower pressures to a higher pressure.
  • the low-pressure methane inlets may be typically two or three or four.
  • there is at least one compressor 630 (driven by an engine not shown in the figure) in a single case for compressing ethane or ethylene from at least two different lower pressures to a higher pressure.
  • the low-pressure ethane or ethylene inlets may be typically two or three or four.
  • a single engine may drive one or more compressors.
  • a gear train that is usually part of a gearbox
  • a gear train may be used for rotating the two compressors at two different speeds.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une installation de GNL qui comprend un train de compression (100) et un autre train de compression (200), et peut avantageusement mettre en œuvre, par exemple, des technologies de liquéfaction de fluides frigorigènes purs à trois cycles ou des technologies de liquéfaction de fluides frigorigènes mixtes. Le train de compression (100) comprend un premier et un second ensemble d'étages de compression axiale (321, 322, 323), une entrée principale (301), une sortie principale (302), une entrée auxiliaire (303) et/ou une sortie auxiliaire, un fluide entrant dans le compresseur (130) à travers l'entrée auxiliaire (303) étant redirigé d'une direction sensiblement radiale vers une direction sensiblement axiale et/ou un fluide sortant du compresseur (130) à travers la sortie auxiliaire étant redirigé d'une direction sensiblement axiale vers une direction sensiblement radiale. L'autre train de compression (200) comprend un premier ensemble d'impulseurs (411, 412) qui sont centrifuges et non carénés et un second ensemble d'impulseurs (421, 422, 423) qui sont centrifuges et carénés.
PCT/EP2016/067567 2015-07-24 2016-07-22 Installation de gnl comprenant un compresseur axial et un compresseur centrifuge Ceased WO2017017025A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

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JP2018501356A JP2019502046A (ja) 2015-07-24 2016-07-22 軸流圧縮機および遠心圧縮機を含むｌｎｇプラント
EP16741347.5A EP3325811A1 (fr) 2015-07-24 2016-07-22 Installation de gnl comprenant un compresseur axial et un compresseur centrifuge
BR112018001366A BR112018001366A2 (pt) 2015-07-24 2016-07-22 ?planta?
US15/747,178 US20180209427A1 (en) 2015-07-24 2016-07-22 Lng plant including an axial compressor and a centrifugal compressor
KR1020187004088A KR20180040153A (ko) 2015-07-24 2016-07-22 축류 압축기와 원심 압축기를 포함하는 ｌｎｇ 플랜트
CN201680043560.2A CN107850077A (zh) 2015-07-24 2016-07-22 包括轴向压缩机和离心式压缩机的lng设备

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IT102015000038073 2015-07-24
ITUB2015A002501A ITUB20152501A1 (it) 2015-07-24 2015-07-24 Treno di compressione con un compressore centrifugo e impianto lng con un compressore centrifugo
IT102015000038051 2015-07-24
ITUB2015A002489A ITUB20152489A1 (it) 2015-07-24 2015-07-24 Treno di compressione con un compressore assiale e impianto lng con un compressore assiale

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JP2017101636A (ja) * 2015-12-04 2017-06-08 三菱重工業株式会社 遠心圧縮機
ITUB20160070A1 (it) * 2016-01-18 2017-07-18 Nuovo Pignone Tecnologie Srl Macchina rotante con albero rotante migliorato avente estremità di albero leggere

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WO2013182492A1 (fr) * 2012-06-06 2013-12-12 Nuovo Pignone Srl Compresseurs à taux de compression élevé à plusieurs refroidissements intermédiaires et procédés associés

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GB580841A (en) * 1941-05-07 1946-09-23 David Macleish Smith Improvements in gas impressors
GB1515348A (en) * 1974-06-17 1978-06-21 Bbc Sulzer Turbomaschinen Multistage axial-flow compressors
US20090232663A1 (en) * 2008-03-13 2009-09-17 Saul Mirsky Compressor-Expander Set Critical Speed Avoidance
WO2013057314A2 (fr) * 2011-10-21 2013-04-25 Single Buoy Moorings Inc. Procédé à détentes multiples d'azote pour la production de lng
WO2013182492A1 (fr) * 2012-06-06 2013-12-12 Nuovo Pignone Srl Compresseurs à taux de compression élevé à plusieurs refroidissements intermédiaires et procédés associés

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BR112018001366A2 (pt) 2018-12-04
KR20180040153A (ko) 2018-04-19

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