WO2017054715A1 - 一种生命体征测量装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种生命体征测量装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017054715A1
WO2017054715A1 PCT/CN2016/100425 CN2016100425W WO2017054715A1 WO 2017054715 A1 WO2017054715 A1 WO 2017054715A1 CN 2016100425 W CN2016100425 W CN 2016100425W WO 2017054715 A1 WO2017054715 A1 WO 2017054715A1
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signal
light
light source
photodetector
living body
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PCT/CN2016/100425
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
齐心
刘婷
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to EP25153057.2A priority Critical patent/EP4566519A1/en
Priority to JP2018517208A priority patent/JP6790084B2/ja
Priority to KR1020227006770A priority patent/KR102465488B1/ko
Priority to KR1020207024539A priority patent/KR102296379B1/ko
Priority to HK19100424.5A priority patent/HK1258047B/zh
Priority to US15/764,363 priority patent/US11426090B2/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to KR1020187011010A priority patent/KR102150261B1/ko
Priority to EP16850339.9A priority patent/EP3345541B1/en
Priority to KR1020217027158A priority patent/KR102370542B1/ko
Publication of WO2017054715A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017054715A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US17/819,324 priority patent/US12446788B2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
    • A61B5/024Measuring pulse rate or heart rate
    • A61B5/02416Measuring pulse rate or heart rate using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation
    • A61B5/02427Details of sensor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7271Specific aspects of physiological measurement analysis
    • A61B5/7275Determining trends in physiological measurement data; Predicting development of a medical condition based on physiological measurements, e.g. determining a risk factor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
    • A61B5/024Measuring pulse rate or heart rate
    • A61B5/02416Measuring pulse rate or heart rate using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103Measuring devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor or mobility of a limb
    • A61B5/1118Determining activity level
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1455Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1455Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
    • A61B5/14551Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
    • A61B5/14552Details of sensors specially adapted therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1455Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
    • A61B5/14558Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters by polarisation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7203Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal
    • A61B5/7207Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal of noise induced by motion artifacts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7203Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal
    • A61B5/7207Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal of noise induced by motion artifacts
    • A61B5/7214Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal of noise induced by motion artifacts using signal cancellation, e.g. based on input of two identical physiological sensors spaced apart, or based on two signals derived from the same sensor, for different optical wavelengths
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/283Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
    • A61B5/026Measuring blood flow
    • A61B5/0295Measuring blood flow using plethysmography, i.e. measuring the variations in the volume of a body part as modified by the circulation of blood therethrough, e.g. impedance plethysmography
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7228Signal modulation applied to the input signal sent to patient or subject; Demodulation to recover the physiological signal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a measuring device and method for vital sign signals, in particular to a measuring device and method for a living body heart rate signal in a moving state.
  • Heart rate is a very important physiological indicator in the detection of vital signs.
  • Heart rate measurement in the medical field can provide a reference for medical diagnosis. Since the heart rate is also the evaluation standard of the body load during the exercise of the human body, detecting the heart rate during physical exercise can reasonably guide the athlete to exercise. Heart rate monitoring can also indirectly understand the energy consumption during exercise, thus helping athletes to reduce fat and shape more efficiently.
  • heart rate measurement does not require complex instruments and devices and is suitable for continuous monitoring. Therefore, real-time monitoring of heart rate data has broad and important value.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus and method for obtaining vital signs.
  • the device includes: a first signal source for emitting a first light beam to a surface of a living body, the first light beam may be monochromatic light, or may include light of a range of wavelengths, the monochromatic light or containing Light in a range of wavelengths includes, but is not limited to, red light, yellow light, green light, blue light, violet light, infrared light, ultraviolet light, and the like.
  • the first signal receiving device is configured to receive the first signal reflected by the living body, the first signal receiving device may be a photoelectric sensor, and the first signal is related to the first light beam.
  • a second signal receiving device configured to receive the second signal reflected by the living body
  • the second signal receiving device may be a photoelectric sensor
  • the second signal is related to the first light beam
  • the second signal is different from the second signal
  • a processor calculates a vital sign signal of the living body based on the first signal and the second signal.
  • the ratio of the first signal to the second signal vital sign information and the noise information is different.
  • the first signal source, the first signal receiving device and the second signal receiving device may be located on a straight line or may be at a different distance from above the surface of the living body.
  • the living body surface may be a specific tissue or part of a living body such as, but not limited to, skin.
  • the first light beam is incident on the surface of the skin, and may be directly reflected by the interface formed by the stratum corneum layer and the external surface of the skin to emit reflected light, which may include motion information, or may be refracted by the skin surface and then sequentially enter the skin.
  • the epidermis and dermis of the tissue are scattered and absorbed by the skin tissue, emitting scattered light, which may include motion information and vital signs.
  • the first signal and/or the second signal reflected by the living body may include reflected light from the surface of the skin and scattered light scattered by the skin tissue.
  • the first signal may include a PPG signal
  • the second signal may include noise information generated by the motion of the living body.
  • the distance from the first signal source to the first signal receiving device may be greater than the distance from the first signal source to the second signal receiving device, the first signal receiving device to the life
  • the distance from the body surface may be smaller than the distance from the second signal receiving device to the surface of the living body, the difference in the distance may cause the photons to penetrate into the skin tissue to have different average depths, and may be carried by the first signal and the second signal.
  • the vital sign information is different from the noise information.
  • the device may include a second signal source for transmitting a second light beam to the surface of the living body, and the first signal source and the second signal source may simultaneously emit a light beam or alternately emit a light beam
  • the wavelengths of the light beams of the first signal source and the light beams of the second signal source may be the same or different.
  • the first signal source and the first signal receiving device constitute a first sensor
  • the second signal source and the second signal receiving device constitute a second sensor.
  • the distance from the second signal source to the second signal receiving device may be smaller than the distance from the first signal source to the first signal receiving device, the difference in the distance may be the first
  • the average depth of the beam and the second beam deep into the skin tissue may be such that the ratio of the vital sign components carried by the first signal and the second signal is different.
  • the device may include an optical component between the second signal receiving device and the living body for changing a propagation direction of the second signal, or may be located at the first signal receiving device and The living body is used to change the propagation direction of the first signal.
  • the device may include at least two optical components, which may be respectively located between the second signal receiving device and the living body and Between the first signal receiving device and the living body. The two or more optical elements may be the same or different.
  • the component may be a lens or a light guide, and may be used to change a direction in which the second signal receiving device or the first signal receiving device receives a signal, so that the light is at an angle to the skin.
  • the types of lenses include, but are not limited to, concave lenses, convex lenses, plano-convex lenses, plano-concave lenses, and meniscus lenses.
  • the first light beam is polarized light
  • the polarized light may be directly generated by the first signal source, or may be generated by a combination of the first signal source and the specific optical element.
  • the device may include a polarizing device, and may include a first polarizing device between the second signal receiving device and the living body, and may further include a second polarizing device at the first signal receiving Device and living body Between the third polarizing means, between the first signal source and the living body, further optionally, the polarizing means may be a polarizer for generating linearly polarized light, the polarization
  • the polarization directions of the devices may be the same or different, and optionally, different polarization directions are perpendicular to each other.
  • the reflected light on the skin surface may still be linearly polarized light, and the backscattered light is unpolarized light, and the polarization direction of the polarizer is adjusted to make the first signal and or the second signal
  • the signal includes different proportions of reflected light and backscattered light, and the ratio of the vital sign components carried by the first signal and the second signal is different.
  • the device may include one or more beam splitters for splitting the reflected signal of the living body into two parts, which may be the reflected light of the beam splitter and the transmitted light of the beam splitter, respectively.
  • the reflector is equal to the component of the transmission, and the beam splitter can cause the first signal and the second signal to be taken from the same area on the skin, thereby improving the correlation, and further preferably, the beam splitter It may be a polarizing beam splitter for splitting light into polarized light of different polarization directions, the polarizing beam splitter having a polarizer that reduces the number of polarizers used in the sensor.
  • the first signal device may be located near a normal line of the first light beam, and the backscattered light received by the first signal receiving device is relatively strong. Further preferably, the first signal device is located in a normal direction of the first light beam, and the first signal receiving device receives the backscattered light intensity at a maximum.
  • the device may include a processing module, where the processing module may obtain vital sign information, such as but not limited to heart rate information, according to the first signal and the second signal, where the processing module may include but not Limited to noise cancellation, signal analysis and signal characterization.
  • vital sign information such as but not limited to heart rate information
  • the processing module may include but not Limited to noise cancellation, signal analysis and signal characterization.
  • the invention also provides an additional device for obtaining vital signs.
  • the apparatus includes a first signal source for emitting a first light beam to a surface of a living body. a second signal source for emitting a second light beam to the surface of the living body, wherein the first signal source and the second signal source may alternately emit light beams, or may simultaneously emit light beams, the first light beam and the The wavelengths of the second beams may be the same or different.
  • a first signal receiving device configured to receive the first signal and the second signal reflected by the living body in a time-sharing manner, the first signal receiving device may be a photoelectric sensor, and the first signal is related to the first light beam
  • the second signal is associated with the second beam, the first signal being different from the second signal.
  • the ratio of the first signal to the second signal vital sign information and the noise information is different.
  • the first signal source, the second signal source and the first signal receiving device may be located on a straight line or may be at a different distance from above the surface of the living body.
  • the living body surface may be a specific tissue or part of a living body such as, but not limited to, skin.
  • the first light beam and the second light beam are incident on a skin surface, and may be directly reflected by an interface formed by the stratum corneum layer and the outer surface of the skin to emit reflected light, and the reflected light may include motion information. It can also be refracted by the surface of the skin and then enter the epidermis and dermis of the skin tissue in turn, scattered and absorbed by the skin tissue, emitting scattered light, which can include motion information and vital signs.
  • the first signal and/or the second signal reflected by the living body may include reflected light of the skin surface and Scattered light scattered by skin tissue.
  • the first signal may comprise a PPG signal
  • the second signal may comprise noise information generated by the motion of the living body.
  • the distance from the first signal source to the first signal receiving device may be greater than the distance from the second signal source to the first signal receiving device, the first signal source to the living body
  • the distance of the surface may be smaller than the distance of the second signal source to the surface of the living body, the difference of the distance may make the photon penetrate to the average depth of the skin tissue differently, and the life carried by the first signal and the second signal may be The proportion of the body components is different.
  • the device may include an optical component between the second signal source and the living body for changing a propagation direction of the second signal, and may also be located at the first signal source and the Between the living bodies, for changing the direction of propagation of the first signal
  • the device may include at least two optical elements, which may be respectively located between the second signal source and the living body and the first signal Between the source and the living body.
  • the two or more optical elements may be the same or different.
  • the component may be a lens or a light guide, which may be used to change the direction of the light beam emitted by the second signal source or the first signal source, so that the light has a certain angle with the skin.
  • the types of lenses include, but are not limited to, concave lenses, convex lenses, plano-convex lenses, plano-concave lenses, and meniscus lenses.
  • the first light beam and/or the second light beam are polarized light, and the polarized light may be directly generated by the first signal source and/or the second signal source, or may be generated by the first signal source and the specific optical component. Combination generation and/or generation of a second signal source and a particular optical element are produced.
  • the device may include a polarizing device, and may include a first polarizing device located between the first signal receiving device and the living body, and may also include a second polarizing device located at the second signal source Between the living body and the living body, a third polarizing device may be further disposed between the first signal source and the living body, and further optionally, the polarizing device may be a polarizer for generating linear polarization Light, the polarizing directions of the polarizers may be the same or different, and optionally, different polarization directions are perpendicular to each other.
  • the reflected light of the skin surface may still be linearly polarized light, and the backscattered light may be unpolarized light, and the polarization direction of the polarizer may be adjusted to enable the first signal and/or
  • the second signal includes different proportions of reflected light and backscattered light, and the ratio of the vital sign components carried by the first signal and the second signal is different.
  • the device may include one or more beam splitters for splitting the reflected signal of the living body into two parts, which may be the reflected light of the beam splitter and the transmitted light of the beam splitter, respectively.
  • the reflector reflects the same component as the transmission, and the beam splitter can cause both the first beam and the second beam to be incident on the same area of the surface of the living body, thereby improving the correlation, and further preferably, the segment
  • the beam splitter is a polarizing beam splitter for splitting light into polarized light of different polarization directions.
  • the polarizing beam splitter has a polarizer that reduces the number of polarizers used in the sensor.
  • the first signal device is located near a normal of the first light beam, and the first signal receiving device receives The backscattered light intensity is large. Further preferably, the first signal device is located in a normal direction of the first light beam, and the first signal receiving device receives the backscattered light intensity at a maximum.
  • the device may include a processing module, where the processing module may obtain vital sign information, such as but not limited to heart rate information, according to the first signal and the second signal, where the processing module may include but not Limited to noise cancellation, signal analysis and signal characterization.
  • vital sign information such as but not limited to heart rate information
  • the processing module may include but not Limited to noise cancellation, signal analysis and signal characterization.
  • the present invention provides a method of obtaining vital signs.
  • the method includes emitting a first beam of light onto a surface of a living body.
  • a first signal of the living body reflection is acquired, and the first signal can be received using a photosensor.
  • a second signal of the living body reflection is acquired, and the second signal can be received using a photosensor.
  • the photodetectors that acquire the first signal and the second signal may be the same or different.
  • the first signal and the second signal are related to a first beam of light, the first signal being different from the second signal.
  • the ratio of the first signal to the second signal vital sign information and the noise information is different.
  • the living body surface may be a specific tissue or part of a living body such as, but not limited to, skin.
  • the first light beam is incident on the surface of the skin, and may be directly reflected by the interface formed by the stratum corneum layer and the external surface of the skin to emit reflected light, which may include motion information, or may be refracted by the skin surface and then sequentially enter the skin.
  • the epidermis and dermis of the tissue are scattered and absorbed by the skin tissue, emitting scattered light, which may include motion information and vital signs.
  • the first signal and/or the second signal reflected by the living body may include reflected light from the surface of the skin and scattered light scattered by the skin tissue.
  • the first signal may include a PPG signal, and may also include noise information generated by the motion of the living body.
  • the propagation distance of the second signal inside the skin tissue is greater than the propagation distance of the first signal inside the skin tissue, and the difference of the distance may enable vital sign information carried by the first signal and the second signal. It has a different ratio of noise information.
  • the method may use an optical component between the first signal source and the living body for changing the propagation direction of the first signal, or between the second signal source and the living body.
  • the method may use at least two optical components, which may be respectively located between the first signal source and the living body and the second signal source and the living body between.
  • the two or more optical elements may be the same or different.
  • the element may be a lens or a light guide, which may be used to change the direction of the first signal and the second signal such that the signal is at an angle to the skin, the lens type including but not limited to Concave lens, convex lens, plano-convex lens, plano-concave lens, meniscus lens.
  • the first signal and/or the second signal are polarized light, and the polarized light may be directly generated by the first signal source and/or the second signal source, or may be generated by the first signal source and the specific optical component.
  • the polarized light may be directly generated by the first signal source and/or the second signal source, or may be generated by the first signal source and the specific optical component.
  • Combining generation and/or second signal source and specific optics A combination of components is produced.
  • the apparatus may include a polarizing device, and may include a first polarizing device, the first polarizing device may have polarization of the first signal, and may also include a second polarizing device, the second polarizing device The second signal may be polarized.
  • the polarizing device may be a polarizer for generating linearly polarized light.
  • the polarization directions of the polarizers may be the same or different, and optionally, Different polarization directions are perpendicular to each other.
  • the incident light is linearly polarized light satisfying certain conditions, the reflected light of the skin surface may still be linearly polarized light, and the backscattered light may be unpolarized light, and the polarization direction of the polarizer is adjusted.
  • the ratio of the vital sign components carried by the first signal and/or the second signal may be different.
  • the vital sign information may be obtained according to the first signal and the second signal, such as but not limited to heart rate information, and the first signal and the second signal may be directly used as an input signal, or may be The first signal and the second signal are processed as input signals, and an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm is applied to obtain the heart rate.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an application example of a vital sign signal detecting system.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a measuring apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a flow chart showing the operation of the measuring device in one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an acquisition module in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a flow chart showing the operation of the acquisition module in one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a processing module in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a flow chart showing the operation of the processing module in one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a diagram showing the noise cancellation of the adaptive filtering method employed in one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a layered structure diagram and an optical model diagram of skin tissue of a human body in one embodiment.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of a sensor utilizing a difference in position between a light source and a detector.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of a sensor that uses a lens to change the direction of light propagation.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of a sensor utilizing the polarization characteristics of a light source.
  • Figure 13 is a graph showing the relationship between surface reflected light and backscattered light and the receiving angle.
  • 14-27 are schematic diagrams showing the structure of a vital sign signal measuring device in several embodiments of the present invention.
  • the vital sign detecting device and method referred to in the present specification can be applied to various fields including, but not limited to, medical diagnosis (eg, Heart disease, blood disease, respiratory diseases, etc., medical care (such as intensive care, newborn care, etc.), exercise monitoring (such as long-distance running, sprinting, swimming, horse riding, etc.), health monitoring (such as health monitoring of infirm individuals) ), animal protection (such as tracking and protection of rare wild animals, pet care and maintenance), fat-reducing shaping (such as weight loss for overweight people, shaping of bodybuilders).
  • medical diagnosis eg, Heart disease, blood disease, respiratory diseases, etc., medical care (such as intensive care, newborn care, etc.), exercise monitoring (such as long-distance running, sprinting, swimming, horse riding, etc.), health monitoring (such as health monitoring of infirm individuals) ), animal protection (such as tracking and protection of rare wild animals, pet care and maintenance), fat-reducing shaping (such as weight loss for overweight people, shaping of bodybuilders).
  • medical diagnosis eg, Heart disease, blood
  • the vital sign signal detecting device involved in the present specification can collect vital signs signals of living bodies, such as pulse, blood pressure, blood oxygen, heart rate, body temperature, HRV, BPV, brain waves, ultra-low frequency waves emitted by the human body, breathing, musculoskeletal state, Physical and chemical information such as blood sugar, blood lipids, blood concentration, platelet content, height, weight, etc., and the signal is processed and transmitted to a server or terminal.
  • the vital sign signal detecting device can also combine the historical data provided by the external data source and the real-time measured vital sign signal data to obtain appropriate motion suggestions and characterize them in an appropriate representation manner.
  • the vital sign signal detecting device can emit light to irradiate the living body, collect the light signal reflected and scattered by the living body, and obtain the vital sign signal of the living body after being processed.
  • the motion/vibration of the living body itself will bring noise to the measured vital sign signal, consider obtaining multiple vital sign signals, and obtain the vital sign signal after noise removal according to the difference between different signals with a specific algorithm.
  • the vital sign signal detecting device can collect two or more signals and perform corresponding denoising processing to obtain a relatively accurate vital sign signal.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an application example of a vital sign signal detecting system.
  • the application of the vital sign signal detection system may include detecting a vital sign signal of a living body, performing subsequent processing to obtain a corresponding physical parameter, storing and displaying a physical parameter.
  • the vital sign signal detection application system may include, but is not limited to, a measurement device 101, a terminal device 102, a network 103, an external data source 104, and a server 105. Measurement device 101, terminal device 102, external data source 104, and server 105 can each communicate directly or indirectly and in both directions over network 103.
  • the measuring device 101 can be mainly used to detect and collect vital signs signals of living bodies.
  • the device can collect vital signs signals of the user during exercise.
  • the measuring device 101 may be a medical detecting device, may be a home detecting device, may be a handheld device, or may be a wearable device.
  • the medical testing device can include, but is not limited to, a blood pressure measuring device, a pulse measuring device, an electrocardiographic monitoring device, and the like.
  • Home testing equipment may include, but is not limited to, a home sphygmomanometer, a home pulsometer, a home ECG detector, and the like.
  • Handheld devices may include, but are not limited to, handheld pulse oximeters, handheld heart rate monitors, sports equipment with heart rate measurement functions such as balls, rackets, clubs, oars, treadmills, bicycles, and the like.
  • Wearable devices can include, but are not limited to, watches, glasses, earphones, wristbands, belts, shoulder straps, rings, necklaces, and the like.
  • the above description is only for the possible form of the measuring device 101, and does not limit its scope of application.
  • the measurement device 101 may also be in other forms, such as a mouse, a Global Position System (GPS), a mattress, and the like.
  • GPS Global Position System
  • the terminal device 102 can be primarily used to display information.
  • the terminal device 102 can be a personal computer, can be a smart TV, can be a video phone, can be a mobile device, such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a smart watch, etc., or can be other devices with a display function, such as an electrocardiograph, Sports recorders, etc.
  • the terminal device 102 can be local (eg, the smart watch can be a measurement device and the display can be a terminal device), which can be remote.
  • the manner in which the terminal device 102 displays information may include, but is not limited to, digital, graphic, curved, language broadcast, and the like.
  • the information display of the terminal device 102 may be real-time or non-real-time.
  • the measurement device 101 can be the same device as the terminal device 102, with the functionality to collect, process, and display information.
  • Network 103 can be used to implement communication between measurement device 101, terminal device 102, external data source 104, and server 105.
  • Network 103 can be a single network or a hybrid of multiple networks.
  • the network 103 can be a local area network, can be a wide area network, and can be a personal network.
  • the network 103 can be a wireless network or a wired network (such as a telephone network, a television network, etc.).
  • Network 103 may include a variety of network access points, such as wired or wireless access points, base stations or network switching points, and the like. The above is only a description of the possible forms of the network 103, and does not limit its scope of application.
  • the communication between the measurement device 101, the terminal device 102, the external data source 104, and the server 105 may be wired or wireless, or a portion of the devices may be connected in a wired manner. The devices are connected wirelessly.
  • External data source 104 can be used primarily to provide various external data.
  • External data refers to other information that has a correlation with the measurement device 101 detecting the acquired data.
  • the external data may be individual identification information such as name, identification number, contact information, address, educational background, religious beliefs, emergency contacts, and the like that facilitate individual identification.
  • the external data may be individual medical record information, such as a disease treatment record, a medication record, a medical record, and the like, and the medical record of the individual concerned.
  • the external data may be individual health record information, such as heart rate records, blood pressure records, weight records, body fat rate records, etc., which may reflect the individual's health history.
  • External data can be individual life record information such as breakfast ingredients, water consumption, fruit consumption Quantity, meat consumption, etc.
  • External data can be various statistical information for a specific target group, such as the average height of children in the administrative area, the average weight of the newborn, and the average age of the pregnant woman.
  • the external data can also be a variety of a priori description materials (such as textbooks, papers, medical product manuals, drug use instructions, etc.).
  • the external data source 104 may be a database of a hospital, a pet archive of a pet hospital, an animal information database of an animal protection organization, and the like, and may be a personal computer, a mobile phone, or a library.
  • the individuals mentioned above may include, but are not limited to, individuals, pets, rare animals, experimental animals, etc., and generally refer to all individuals with vital signs.
  • the external data may include vital sign information for a group having a certain similarity to the user, and the certain similarities referred to herein may include gender, skin color, age, height, weight, health status, medical record, and the like.
  • Server 105 can be used primarily to store information.
  • Server 105 may be local storage and may be cloud storage including, but not limited to, private clouds and public clouds.
  • the information stored by the server 105 may be the vital sign information transmitted by the measuring device 101, may be the processed information sent by the terminal 102, and may be the individual record information sent by the external data source 104.
  • the above description of the server 105 is only possible embodiments and is not intended to limit its scope.
  • server 105 can be integrated with terminal device 102 and can also function as external data source 104.
  • the measuring device 101 can transmit the data to the terminal 102, the external data source 104, and the server 105 through the network 103 for subsequent processing, and can also receive various instruction information from the terminal 102, the external data source 104, and the server 105. Corresponding information collection and transmission.
  • the terminal device 102 can receive the information collected by the measurement device 101, and can send the request information to the external data source 104.
  • the reference information sent by the external data source 104 is combined with the collected information, and the data is processed to display the information in an appropriate manner.
  • the processed information can be sent to the server 105 for storage.
  • the measuring device 101 is an earphone with a heart rate detecting function that collects a heart rate signal of an athlete during running and sends it to a server 105, such as a personal computer, and the server 105 sends a request message to the data source 104 requesting to send the individual.
  • a server 105 such as a personal computer
  • the server 105 sends a request message to the data source 104 requesting to send the individual.
  • the server 105 processes the collected data and combines the historical data to obtain motion suggestions, such as maintaining the current speed, speeding up, etc., and sending it to the terminal 102, such as a tablet and a headset of the coach, which broadcasts the motion suggestion voice to athlete.
  • the measurement device 101 can include, but is not limited to, an execution module 200, a control module 205, and an energy supply module 206.
  • the execution module 200 can further include, but is not limited to, an acquisition module 201, a processing module 202, a storage module 203, and an output module 204.
  • Execution module 200 can be used primarily to perform acquisition, processing, storage, and output operations.
  • the control module 205 can be mainly used to control the operation of the execution module 200, and can control the opening and closing of the power supply module 206.
  • the power supply module 206 can Mainly used to provide energy supply for the execution module 200 and the control module 206. Two-way communication between the execution module 200, the control module 205, and the power supply module 206 is possible.
  • the acquisition module 201 of the execution module 200 can be mainly used to detect and collect vital sign signals of living bodies.
  • the signal collected by the acquisition module 201 may be collected by photoelectric means, such as photoplethysmography (PPG), or may be collected by other means.
  • the acquisition method can be continuous acquisition or interval collection.
  • the acquired signals can be single or multiple signals combined.
  • Processing module 202 can be used primarily to process signals. Processing of the signal by processing module 202 may include, but is not limited to, one or more of noise cancellation, signal analysis, and signal characterization.
  • the processing module 202 can process the information collected by the collection module 201, and can also process the information stored in the storage module 203. Processing module 202 is not required and may be included in server 105 or terminal 102 of FIG.
  • the storage module 203 can be mainly used to store information.
  • the storage module 203 may store information by using an electrical energy method (for example, RAM, ROM, etc.), and may store information by using magnetic energy (such as a hard disk, a floppy disk, a magnetic tape, a USB disk, etc.), and may be stored by electro-optic (such as a CD). , DVD), can be stored by magneto-optical (such as magneto-optical disc), or can be stored by other physical means (such as using paper storage).
  • the storage module 203 can store the information collected by the collection module 201, and can also store the information processed by the processing module 202.
  • the storage module 203 is not required, and the storage function can be implemented by the server 105 or the terminal 102 of FIG.
  • the output module 204 can be mainly used to complete the information output, and can output the information collected by the acquisition module 201, and can also output the information processed by the processing module 202, and can also output the information stored by the storage module 203.
  • the output module 204 can communicate the above information to the server 105, the terminal 102, or the external data source 104 via the network 103.
  • the signal form output by the output module 204 can be in the form of numbers, graphics, voice, video, audio, and the like.
  • the output may be real-time or non-real-time, and may be output by the measuring device 101 or may be outputted by other external devices after sending the request information.
  • the output module 204 can support wired communication standards such as telephone, television, etc., and can also support wireless communication standards such as Bluetooth, infrared, RF, IEEE 802.11, and the like.
  • the control module 205 can be used primarily to perform various control operations of the measurement device 101.
  • the control module 205 can control the acquisition frequency, the acquisition time, the acquisition mode, and the like of the acquisition module 201, and can also control the processing method of the processing module 202, and can also control whether the storage module 203 is stored or not, and can also control the output time of the output module 204.
  • the output form and the like can also control the opening and closing of the energy supply module 206, such as mechanical control, electrical control, and the like. Communication of requests, command information between other devices, such as server 105, external data source 104, terminal device 102, and measurement device 101, may be accomplished by control module 205.
  • the energy supply module 206 can be primarily used to be responsible for the energy supply of the measurement device 101.
  • the energy supply module 206 refers to all devices that can provide energy supply.
  • the energy supply module 206 can be a fuel cell, a dry battery, a battery, a solar cell, a thermoelectric cell, a bioenergy battery, or the like.
  • the power supply module 206 can include a charging interface such as a microUSB, miniUSB, lighting, and the like.
  • Step 301 the vital sign signal is taken set.
  • the acquired signal may be a signal derived from direct measurement of a living body, such as a signal measured using the PPG method (also referred to as a PPG signal).
  • the acquired signals may also be external data from external data source 104 via network 103, such as personal identification information, personal health records, personal life records, and the like.
  • the collected signals may also be information from the server 105 over the network 103, such as historical information uploaded to the server 105, and the like.
  • Step 301 can be completed by acquisition module 201.
  • the collected signals are analyzed and processed.
  • the signal for performing the analysis processing may be the signal collected in step 301, or may be the signal sent by the storage module 203 after transmitting the request to the storage module 203.
  • the analysis processing of the signals may include, but is not limited to, noise removal, signal analysis, signal characterization.
  • Step 302 can be completed by processing module 202.
  • the information is stored.
  • the stored information may be the signal collected in step 301, or may be the signal analyzed in step 302.
  • Step 303 can be completed by storage module 203.
  • the signal is output.
  • the output signal may be a signal collected by the acquisition module 201, a signal processed by the processing module 302, or a signal stored by the storage module 203.
  • Step 304 can be completed by output module 204.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an acquisition module 201 in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the acquisition module 201 can be mainly used to acquire a desired signal.
  • the acquisition module 201 can include, but is not limited to, a light-emitting element 401, a light-sensitive element 402, a drive circuit 403, a signal amplifier 404, and an A/D converter 405.
  • the light emitting element 401 can generate light radiation onto the living body.
  • the light-emitting element 401 may be a heat radiation source or an excitation radiation source such as a light-emitting diode (LED).
  • LED light-emitting diode
  • the light emitted by the light-emitting element 401 may be a single wavelength or a different wavelength of light, and may be in a polarization state or a non-polarization state.
  • the light-emitting time of the light-emitting element 401 may be fixed or fixed.
  • the photosensitive element 402 can be used to detect light reflected and scattered by the living body and convert the detected optical signal into an electrical signal.
  • the photosensitive element 402 may be a light guiding type device such as a photoresistor, or may be a photovoltaic type device such as a photodiode, a phototransistor, an optical field effect transistor, or the like, or may be a photodetector.
  • the driving circuit 403 can be used to drive the light emitting element 401 to emit light.
  • the signal amplifier 404 can amplify the electrical signal transmitted by the photosensitive element 402.
  • the A/D converter 405 can perform analog-to-digital conversion (A/D conversion) on the collected electrical signals.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing the operation of the acquisition module 201 in one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the required signal is acquired.
  • Step 501 can be accomplished by the light-emitting element 401 and the light-sensitive element 402.
  • the light-emitting element 401 may first generate light specified by a parameter, which may be a wavelength of light, a light intensity, a phase, a polarization state, or the like. Light illuminates the living body, and the living body produces reflection, absorption, and scattering.
  • the photosensitive element 402 can detect the reflected and scattered light and convert the optical signal into an electrical signal.
  • the acquired signal is amplified as needed.
  • the acquired signal does not need to be amplified, and step 502 may not be performed.
  • Step 502 can be accomplished by signal amplifier 404.
  • the amplified signal is subjected to A/D conversion.
  • the analog signal is collected, and the subsequent processing of the processing module 202 and the storage of the storage module 203 need to be digital signals, so analog-to-digital conversion is performed to obtain a digital signal.
  • Step 503 can be performed by A/D converter 405.
  • the signal is output.
  • the output signal may be output to the processing module 202 for subsequent processing, and may be output to the storage module 203.
  • the storage may also be output to the output module 204 for transmission to the server 105, the terminal 102, or the external data source 104.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a processing module 202 in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the processing module 202 can be primarily used for analysis processing of signals.
  • the processing module 202 can include, but is not limited to, a noise cancellation unit 601, a function configuration unit 602, a signal analysis unit 603, and a signal characterization unit 604.
  • the noise cancellation unit 601 can perform noise removal on the information collected by the acquisition module 201.
  • the signal collected by the acquisition module 201 may be two signals having correlation, and the two signals need to be removed by noise to remove signals unrelated to the heart rate, such as motion or vibration signals during human motion.
  • the function configuration unit 602 can perform function configuration, and the configurable functions include, but are not limited to, heart rate detection, motion signal detection, health signal detection, and the like.
  • the signal analysis unit 603 can parse the signal.
  • the acquisition module 201 transmits an electrical signal, and after performing a certain analysis on the electrical signal, the desired vital sign signal can be obtained.
  • the signal analysis unit 603 can be configured to analyze the electrical signal into a pulse signal, a heart rate signal, an oxygen consumption amount signal, a fat consumption amount signal, and the like, depending on the functional configuration.
  • Signal characterization unit 604 can characterize the parsed signal.
  • the characterization can include, but is not limited to, digital characterization, curve characterization, graphical characterization, real-time speech characterization, video characterization, and the like.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing the operation of the processing module 202 in one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the collected signal is subjected to noise removal to obtain a desired electrical signal.
  • the noise removal processing may include, but is not limited to, a single parameter removal method, a multi-parameter removal method, a wavelet analysis, a Fourier transform, an adaptive filtering method, and the like.
  • Step 701 can be completed by noise cancellation unit 601.
  • Step 702 performing function configuration, and selecting a processing function to be implemented by the processing module 202.
  • Step 702 can be completed by function configuration unit 602.
  • the electrical signals are resolved into different signals according to different functional configurations.
  • Step 703 can be completed by signal parsing unit 603.
  • Step 704 the signals are characterized as different forms of signals according to different characterization requirements.
  • Step 704 can be accomplished by signal characterization unit 604.
  • the execution of step 701, step 702, step 703 and step 704 may be performed sequentially, or step 702 may be performed first, and after the function configuration is completed, step 701, step 703 and step 704 are sequentially executed.
  • a single parameter method can be used to correct a single signal acquired by a specific receiving signal processing algorithm, or a multi-parameter method, that is, multiple receiving signals can be collected, one or more of which are collected.
  • the received signal is used as a reference signal, and the noise is eliminated by a specific algorithm.
  • FIG. S 1 and S 2 are input signals, and Adaptive Filter is a filter that can adjust or correct the signal.
  • the mixer can compare the input signals and finally output the signal. The process can be expressed as:
  • w represents the coefficient of the filter and can be based on the output signal auto-adjust.
  • S 1 may contain vital sign information and noise information
  • S 2 may contain noise information but no vital sign information.
  • S 1 may contain vital sign information and noise information
  • S 2 also contains vital sign information and noise information, and the ratios of vital sign information and noise information in S 1 and S 2 are different according to The feedback solves the appropriate filter coefficients w to obtain the desired signal.
  • the input signals mentioned here can contain different types of signals.
  • the input signal may include an optical signal, an electrical signal, a magnetic signal, a sound signal, a temperature signal, a displacement signal, or the like, or a combination of the plurality thereof.
  • the input signal may be a signal received by the receiving end (for example, an optical signal received by the receiving end, an electrical signal, a magnetic signal, a sound signal, a temperature signal, and/or a displacement signal, etc.), or may be a signal received by the receiving end after being processed.
  • the obtained signal (for example, an optical signal, an electrical signal, a magnetic signal, a sound signal, a temperature signal, and/or a displacement signal received by the receiving end, converted into an optical signal, an electrical signal, a magnetic signal, a sound signal, a temperature signal, and/or Displacement signal, etc.).
  • the receiving end may be different types of sensors, which may include, but are not limited to, photoelectric sensors, displacement sensors, acceleration sensors, shock sensors, mechanical sensors, temperature sensors, air pressure sensors, and the like.
  • the types of photoelectric sensors include, but are not limited to, diffuse reflection type photoelectric sensors, through-beam type photoelectric sensors, distance type photoelectric sensors, slot-shaped photoelectric sensors, fiber optic photoelectric sensors, and the like.
  • the input signal may not be limited to S 1 and S 2 and may include more than two input signals, each of which may be from a signal of one or more sensors.
  • the coefficient w of the filter may be obtained according to the negative feedback of the output signal, or may be obtained according to the forward feedback of other input signals, and further, may be based on the negative feedback of the partial output signal and the forward feedback of the partial input signal.
  • the coefficient w of the filter may be obtained by system calculation, may be set by a user, or may be obtained by wired or wireless means from an external device or device or obtained by other means. For example, in a day, the vital signs of the human body behave differently in different time periods, and the corresponding filter coefficients w can be selected at different time periods in a day, or corresponding parameters can be set in different dates, months or seasons. w.
  • the input signals S 1 and S 2 may be optical signals containing vital sign information and noise information, respectively.
  • the received light can carry information of the layer of the medium.
  • a beam of light strikes a medium (solid, liquid, or gas)
  • a portion of the light may be reflected by the medium, and a portion of the light may penetrate or be absorbed by the medium.
  • the reflection, absorption, transmission, etc. of light depends on the properties of the medium on the light propagation path.
  • human skin tissue is composed of epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and skin appendage.
  • the epidermis contains no blood vessels, and the thickness of the epidermis varies depending on the location of the epidermis. Most of the epidermis has a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m.
  • the dermis is located between the epidermis and the subcutaneous tissue and is mainly composed of connective tissue, which is divided into a papillary layer and a reticular layer from the outside to the inside.
  • the nipple layer is rich in capillaries.
  • the reticular layer contains many large blood vessels, which are mainly located at the bottom of the dermis.
  • a human skin tissue composed of a plurality of layers of different structures has optical properties equivalent to a chaotic medium having high scattering properties.
  • backscattered light can include ballistic photons, serpentine photons, and diffuse photons. Among them, ballistic photons and serpentine photons return to the skin surface after a small amount of scattering and absorption in the skin tissue.
  • This part of the scattered light penetrates shallowly, usually does not reach the dermis layer, and hardly carries the internal tissue structure information of the skin.
  • the diffuse photons are returned to the surface of the skin after multiple scattering in the skin.
  • This part of the scattered light usually passes through the dermis and carries information about the internal tissue structure of the skin, for example, the increase or decrease of blood flow in large blood vessels in the dermis.
  • the specularly reflected light has the same polarization.
  • the ballistic photons and the serpentine photons with less scattering times have the same polarization, and the diffuse photons with more scattering times have no polarization.
  • the scattered light is collectively referred to as superficial reflected light.
  • the signals reflected by the living body (for example, the skin) in the present specification may include surface reflected light of a living body (for example, skin), and may also include scattered light scattered by living body (for example, skin) tissue, or may also include skin surface reflection. Light and scattered light scattered by skin tissue.
  • the transmission and reception of optical signals can be accomplished by a PPG sensor, which can include a number of light sources and photodetectors.
  • the photodetector close to the skin can detect this change: when the blood vessel is filled, the blood absorbs the light the most, the detector detects the minimum intensity of the emitted light, and when the blood vessel contracts, the blood absorbs the light the least, the detector The detected intensity of the emitted light is the largest.
  • the PPG sensor can trace the fluctuation signal formed by the change of the blood vessel internal volume, thereby obtaining information related to vital signs (such as, but not limited to, pulse wave, heart rate, blood pressure, etc.).
  • vital signs such as, but not limited to, pulse wave, heart rate, blood pressure, etc.
  • the measurement of the pulse wave can be achieved by obtaining different input signals by one or more PPG sensors.
  • the input S 1 signal may contain a PPG signal, and the S 2 signal does not include a PPG signal.
  • the ratio of the PPG signal to the noise signal contained in the input S 1 signal may be different from the ratio of the PPG signal and the noise signal contained in the S 2 signal.
  • the detection of vital signs is not limited to pulse waves, and may also include a combination of one or more of blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, heart rate variability, heart murmur, and the like.
  • the vital signs information contained in the input signal includes, but is not limited to, the determination of various physiological parameters of the living body, such as but not limited to height, weight, vital capacity, heart beat parameters, blood glucose level, blood viscosity measurement, vasodilation pressure, vasoconstriction pressure.
  • blood flow parameter measurement PPG letter No. wave peak trough, ECG signal peak trough, pulse rate, heart rate, blood lipid content, vascular tone, skin tension, brain wave frequency, gastrointestinal motility, hepatobiliary organ morphology, digestive tract mucosal parameters, antibody content, biological enzyme content, etc. kind or more.
  • the input signal can be obtained containing different vital signs and information and noise information S 1 of S 2.
  • the input signals S 1 and S 2 are the light and the tissue depth related to skin depth. For example, if the light penetrates deep into the skin and there may be blood vessels in the light-transmitting area, the input signal may contain a PPG signal. If the depth of the light penetrates into the skin is shallow, the light-transmitting area may not have blood vessels, and the input signal may not Contains PPG signals, or the PPG signal in the input signal is relatively small.
  • the average depth of photons deep into the tissue is related to the distance from the source to the detector. For example, when the distance between the light source and the detector is relatively close, the average depth of the photon deep into the tissue is shallow, and the information of the deep medium carried is less. When the distance between the light source and the detector is far, the average depth of the photon deep into the tissue is deep, carrying The deep media has more information. In skin tissue, the deeper the average depth of photons deep into the tissue, the more vital sign information (eg, PPG signals) are detected. By using the difference between the position of the light source and the detector, signals with different proportions of pulse wave components can be obtained.
  • PPG signals vital sign information
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of a sensor utilizing the difference in position between the light source and the detector.
  • the sensor can contain a light detector and two light sources.
  • a photodetector may refer to a device capable of receiving an optical signal of a certain wavelength and reading information of the optical signal, such as a photosensor.
  • the light source referred to herein may contain only a single wavelength of light, or may contain light of a certain wavelength range.
  • a light source may have a wavelength of 700 nm or other single wavelength, or may be 600 nm to 700 nm or other wavelength range.
  • the light referred to herein may be light in the visible range, such as, but not limited to, red light, yellow light, blue light, green light, violet light, etc., or may be non-visible light, for example, infrared light, ultraviolet light, or the like.
  • the light detector and the light source 1 and the light source 2 can both be in close contact with the skin.
  • the light detector and the light source 1 and the light source 2 can be located in a straight line.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 may be located on the same side of the photodetector.
  • the distance between the light source 1 and the photodetector is relatively long, and the distance between the light source 2 and the photodetector is relatively close.
  • the distance between the light source 1 and the photodetector is greater than the distance from the light source 2 to the photodetector.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 may alternately emit light beams, or may simultaneously emit light beams.
  • the intensity of the light source 1 and the light source 2 can be adjusted.
  • the intensity of the light source can be automatically adjusted according to the brightness of the environment and the intensity of the external light, or can be fed back according to the intensity of the light signal received by the light detector. Adjusting the intensity of the light source can also be adjusted according to external input.
  • the light-emitting wavelengths of the light source 1 and the light source 2 may be the same or different.
  • the light beams emitted by the two light sources reach the skin, due to the different distances of the light source 1 and the light source 2 to the light detector, the light beams emitted by the light source 1 and the light source 2 have different average depths to the skin tissue, and the vital signs carried (for example, The magnitude of the signal of the pulse wave component (for example, the PPG signal) is also different. For example, if the distance between the light source 1 and the photodetector is far, the average depth of the light beam emitted by the light source 1 to the skin tissue is large, and the vital signs carried by the light signal scattered by the light beam emitted by the light source 1 are reflected by the skin. The proportion of the (for example, pulse wave) component signal is large.
  • the distance between the light source 2 and the photodetector is relatively short, and the average depth of the light beam emitted by the light source 2 to the skin tissue is small, and the pulse wave component signal carried by the light signal scattered by the light beam emitted by the light source 2 is reflected by the skin.
  • the proportion is small.
  • the motion information beam carrying vital signs information is received by the different proportions of the photodetector, the received signal is a photo signal and a photo signal 1 2, respectively labeled as the I 2 and I 1, the photo signal received signals 1 and 2 may be photo Directly as the input signals S 1 and S 2 in Fig. 8, it can also be used as input signals S 1 and S 2 after certain processing and conversion.
  • the constituent elements of the sensor may include one photodetector and two light sources, two photodetectors and one light source, two photodetectors and two light sources (for example, the light source 1 and the photodetector 1 constitute the sensor 1, the light source 2
  • the photodetector 2 constitutes a sensor 2), and a combination of any number of photodetectors and light sources.
  • the distance between the constituent elements of the sensor and the skin is not limited to being in close contact with the skin surface, all at a distance above the skin, with one or more light sources and one or more detectors located a distance above the skin.
  • the distance above the skin between different light sources or between different light detectors or between different light sources and different detectors may be the same or different.
  • the distance between the sensor constituent elements and the skin may be 2-10 mm, and more preferably, the distance between the sensor constituent elements and the skin may be It is 7mm.
  • the distance between the light source and the photodetector 1 may be greater than the distance between the light source and the photodetector 2, preferably, the distance between the light source and the photodetector 1 is greater than 5 mm.
  • the distance from the photodetector 2 is less than 5 mm, and more preferably, the distance of the light source from the photodetector 1 is greater than 8 mm.
  • the distance between the light source 1 and the photodetector 1 may be greater than the distance between the light source 2 and the photodetector 2, preferably, the distance between the light source 1 and the photodetector 1 is greater than 5 mm, the distance between the light source 2 and the photodetector 2 is less than 5 mm, and more preferably, the distance between the light source 1 and the photodetector 1 is greater than 8 mm.
  • the relative position between the photodetector and the light source can be different.
  • the two light sources can be located on one side of the detector at the same time, and the two light sources can also be located on both sides of the detector.
  • the relative position between the photodetector and the light source may be that two detectors are located on one side of the light source, or two detectors may be located on both sides of the light source.
  • the relative position between the photodetector and the light source may be that the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 are located between the two light sources, or may be photodetectors. 1 and the photodetector 2 are respectively located on two sides of the two light sources, the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 are located on one side of the two light sources at the same time, or the photodetector 1 is located on one side of the two light sources, and the photodetector 2 Located between two light sources.
  • Light source and light detection when the component is any number of photodetectors and light sources The relative position of the device can be determined according to actual needs.
  • Fig. 11 is a view showing the structure of a sensor for changing the direction of light propagation using a lens in the present invention.
  • the sensor can include a photodetector, two light sources, and a lens.
  • the light source 1 can be closely attached to the skin, the photodetector can be located at a distance above the skin, and there can be a lens between the light source 2 and the skin, and the light source 1 and the light source 2 can be located on the same side of the photodetector.
  • the lens can be used to change the direction of the light beam emitted by the light source 2 so that the light angle is at an angle to the skin.
  • the angle of the angle can be any value, for example, 0°-180°, the lens type mentioned here. These include, but are not limited to, concave lenses, convex lenses, plano-convex lenses, plano-concave lenses, meniscus lenses, or other devices having directions that change light, such as light guides or prisms having a shape (such as, but not limited to, triangular prisms).
  • the distance between the light source 1 and the photodetector is relatively long, and the distance between the light source 2 and the photodetector is relatively close.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 can alternately emit light beams or simultaneously emit light beams.
  • the light-emitting wavelengths of the light source 1 and the light source 2 may be the same or different.
  • the distance between the light source 1 and the photodetector is long, and the incident angle of the light entering the skin is large, the light beam emitted by the light source 1 penetrates deep into the skin tissue, and the light beam emitted by the light source 1 is scattered by the skin.
  • the ratio of the pulse wave component signals carried by the optical signal is large.
  • the distance between the light source 2 and the photodetector is relatively short, and the incident angle of the light entering the skin is small, the depth of the light beam emitted by the light source 2 is deep into the skin tissue, and the light beam emitted by the light source 2 is scattered by the skin.
  • the proportion of the pulse wave component signal carried by the optical signal is small.
  • the received signals are the photo signal 1 and the photo signal 2, labeled I 1 and I 2 , respectively.
  • I 1 and I 2 can be used as the signal to be processed and the reference signal, respectively, and the motion artifacts are removed by the adaptive noise cancellation algorithm described in FIG.
  • one or more lenses can be added to the sensor element.
  • a lens or other similar device that changes the direction of the light path
  • a lens may be located between all of the light detectors and the skin, or between a portion of the light detector and the skin, between all of the light sources and the skin, or in portions Between the light source and the skin, it can be located only between the light detector and the skin, or just between the light source and the detector.
  • different Different types of lenses or other similar devices that change the direction of the light path
  • Changing the way the signal is collected can also be achieved by the polarization characteristics of the light source.
  • the light source After the light source is irradiated to the skin, light will reflect on the surface of the skin, and the rest will be transmitted into the interior of the tissue, which will scatter or absorb events in the tissue. After multiple scattering and absorption, some of the light will later re-escape the skin in the form of scattered light, which becomes backscattered light. This part of the light carries a wealth of underlying tissue information that is mixed with the reflected light from the skin surface to form a reflected signal. The skin surface reflected light and the backscattered light have different polarization characteristics.
  • the incident light is linearly polarized light that satisfies certain conditions
  • the reflected light on the skin surface is still linearly polarized, and the backscattered light entering the tissue substantially loses polarization characteristics due to multiple scattering events. Therefore, at least two different signals can be obtained by utilizing different polarization characteristics of the skin surface reflected light and the backscattered light.
  • Figure 12 is a block diagram showing the structure of a sensor utilizing the polarization characteristics of a light source in the present invention.
  • the sensor consists of a light source that produces linearly polarized light and two light detectors that detect light of different polarization characteristics.
  • the polarization direction of the linear polarization of the light source may be a direction perpendicular to the incident surface, a direction parallel to the incident surface, or a direction at a certain angle to the incident surface.
  • the light source and the photodetector can both be at a distance from the skin, or they can all adhere to the surface of the skin, and the distance between the two detectors is very close.
  • both the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 acquire signals when the light source emits light, and obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2.
  • Both the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2 contain superficial reflected light and multiple backscattered light of the living body.
  • the photodetector can collect reflected light from the skin surface, less backscattered light, and multiple backscattered light. Since the superficial reflected light is still linearly polarized light and the plurality of backscattered lights are unpolarized light, the superficial reflected light and the plurality of backscattered light components contained in the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2 have different characteristics.
  • the photodetector can acquire less backscattered light and multiple backscattered light without scattered light on the skin surface. Since the backscattered light is still linearly polarized light and the plurality of backscattered lights are unpolarized light, the lesser backscattered light and the plurality of backscattered light components included in the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2 have Different characteristics.
  • the size of the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light can be calculated by different characteristics of the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light. Based on the calculated values, motion artifacts can be removed by an adaptive filtering algorithm.
  • the constituent elements of the sensor may include one photodetector and two light sources, two photodetectors and one light source, two photodetectors and two light sources (for example, the light source 1 and the photodetector 1 constitute the sensor 1, the light source 2
  • the photodetector 2 constitutes a sensor 2), or any other combination of photodetectors and light sources.
  • sensor elements that utilize polarization characteristics of the light source can include, but are not limited to, one or more light sources, one or more light detectors.
  • a light source for example, a laser
  • a polarizer is provided to generate polarized light.
  • a polarizing plate may be disposed on all of the photodetectors, or a polarizing plate may be disposed on a part of the photodetectors, the same polarizing plate may be disposed on different detectors, or different polarizing plates may be disposed on different detectors. (For example, linear polarizers set to be perpendicular to each other in the polarization direction).
  • Polarizers may be disposed on all light sources, polarizers may be disposed on some of the light sources, the same polarizers may be disposed on different light sources, or different polarizers may be disposed on different light sources (eg, the polarization directions are perpendicular to each other) Linear polarizer).
  • the type of the polarizer is not limited to linear polarization, and may also include a circularly polarizing plate, an elliptically polarizing plate.
  • the information of the vital signs contained in the optical signal collected by the photodetector is also related to the angle at which the light is irradiated on the surface of the living body.
  • skin surface reflected light and backscattered light are related to the angle of reception.
  • the intensity distribution characteristics of the backscattered light are independent of the incident angle. In the case of various incident angles, the backscattered light energy reaches a maximum value when the receiving angle is 90°.
  • the light intensity distribution of the surface-emitting light which occurs due to the difference in refractive index, the spatial shape of which is spindle-shaped, and reaches the maximum value of the energy at the theoretical specular reflection, and as the receiving angle is further increased (or decreased), It will cause a drop in the received energy.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the structure of a sensor utilizing the relationship between the reflected light of the skin surface and the backscattered light and the angle of reception.
  • the sensor can contain two photodetectors and one light source. The two photodetectors and the light source can both be at a distance from the surface of the skin, and the distance between the two detectors can be very close or a distance.
  • the light incident angle of the light source may be ⁇ , and the magnitude of ⁇ may be 0-90°.
  • the photodetector 1 can be located at a theoretical specular reflection on the plane defined by the incident light and the normal, and the angle between the line connecting the photodetector 1 and the incident point and the normal can also be ⁇ .
  • the photodetector 2 can be located near the normal of the incident light, i.e., a region that is closer to the incident normal to the incident light.
  • the angle between the photodetector 2 and the skin interface is 60°-120°, and more preferably, the angle between the photodetector 2 and the skin interface is 80°-100°, and more preferably, the photodetector 2 is The angle of the skin interface is 90°, that is, the photodetector 2 is located directly above the normal of the incident light.
  • the light detector and the light source are working, after the light beam from the light source reaches the skin, a part of the light is reflected by the skin surface to form a reflected light on the skin surface, and a part of the light penetrates the skin epidermis layer and/or penetrates the skin dermis layer to form backscattered light. .
  • Both the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 can acquire signals when the light source emits light, and can simultaneously acquire signals or alternately acquire signals, and the collected signals are photoelectric signal 1 and photoelectric signal 2, which are respectively labeled as I 1 and I 2 . . Since the photodetector 1 is located in the direction in which the surface reflected light is strongest, the reflected light component of the skin surface in the photoelectric signal 1 obtained by the photodetector 1 is large. Since the photodetector 2 is located in the strongest direction of the backscattered light, the backscattered light component in the photodetection signal 2 collected by the photodetector 2 is large.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1
  • the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2
  • I 2 and I 1 are used as the input signals S 1 and S 2 , respectively, and the motion artifacts are removed by the adaptive noise cancellation algorithm of FIG. 8 or similar.
  • the above description is only specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above.
  • the above can be described without any creative work.
  • the implementation is subject to some modifications and variations, which are also within the scope of the present invention.
  • the position of the photodetector and the light source can be adjusted, so that more light reflected from the skin surface is obtained in some photodetectors, and more backscatter signals are obtained in some photodetectors, thereby obtaining a plurality of signals containing different vital signs.
  • the input signal of the component can be adjusted, so that more light reflected from the skin surface is obtained in some photodetectors, and more backscatter signals are obtained in some photodetectors, thereby obtaining a plurality of signals containing different vital signs.
  • the distance between the light source and the detector can be changed as described above, or the polarization characteristics of the light source can be utilized, or the relationship between the reflected light of the skin surface and the backscattered light and the receiving angle can be utilized.
  • the above technical solutions can also be used in combination.
  • the polarization characteristics of the light source can be used in combination with the relationship between the skin surface reflected light and the backscattered light and the receiving angle, as shown in FIG.
  • the sensor can contain two photodetectors, one light source and three polarizers. The two photodetectors and the light source can both be at a distance from the surface of the skin, and the distance between the two detectors can be very close or a distance.
  • the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 3 may be the same, and the polarization direction of the polarizing plate 2 may be perpendicular to the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 3.
  • the light incident angle of the light source may be ⁇
  • the magnitude of ⁇ may be 0-90°.
  • the photodetector 1 can be located at a theoretical specular reflection on the plane defined by the incident light and the normal, and the angle between the line connecting the photodetector 1 and the incident point and the normal can also be ⁇ .
  • the photodetector 2 may be located near the normal of the incident light.
  • the angle between the photodetector 2 and the skin interface is 60°-120°, and more preferably, the angle between the photodetector 2 and the skin interface is 80°. 100°, more preferably, the angle between the photodetector 2 and the skin interface is 90°, ie the photodetector 2 is located directly above the normal.
  • the angle between the photodetector 2 and the skin interface is 90°, ie the photodetector 2 is located directly above the normal.
  • Both the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 can acquire signals when the light source emits light, and can simultaneously acquire signals or alternately acquire signals, and the collected signals are photoelectric signal 1 and photoelectric signal 2, which are respectively labeled as I 1 and I 2 . . Since the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 3 are the same, the photoelectric signal 1 collected by the photodetector 1 includes a parallel component of the parallel component of the reflected light of the skin surface and the backscattered light, and the photodetector 1 is located in the incident beam.
  • the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the photodetector 2 does not include the reflected light of the skin surface, and only contains the vertical component of the backscattered light, and the photodetector 2 is located at the incident light. Near the normal line, the backscattered light has a relatively strong direction, so the backscattered light component in the photoelectric signal 2 is large.
  • the optical signal 1 collected by the photodetector 1 contains a large proportion of motion information and a certain proportion of vital sign information
  • the optical signal 2 collected by the photodetector 2 contains a large proportion of vital sign information and a certain Proportional motion information.
  • the accuracy of the input signal can be further improved.
  • beam splitter The two signals can be strictly taken from the same point on the skin, which improves the correlation and ultimately improves the signal quality.
  • the sensor consists of a light source that produces linearly polarized light, two light detectors that detect light of different polarization characteristics, and a beam splitter.
  • the light source and the photodetector may both be at a distance from the skin, or only the light source may be at a distance from the skin, and the photodetector may be at a distance from the skin or close to the skin surface, and the two photodetectors are respectively located in the beam splitter.
  • the beam splitter reflects the same component as the transmission.
  • the beam splitter can split the superficial reflected light of the skin reflection into two paths.
  • one path is the light reflected by the beam splitter, and is received by the photodetector 1
  • one path is the light transmitted by the beam splitter. receive.
  • the beam splitter can split the skin's multiple backscattered light into two paths. One is the light reflected by the beam splitter, which is received by the light detector 1. One way is the light transmitted by the beam splitter. Receiver 2 receives. When the sensor is in operation, both the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 acquire signals when the light source emits light, and obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2.
  • the superficial reflected light is still linearly polarized light, and the multiple backscattered light is unpolarized light, the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light components contained in the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2 have different characteristics.
  • the size of the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light can be obtained by the characteristic calculation. According to the size of the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light, the motion artifacts can be removed by FIG. 8 and similar adaptive filtering algorithms.
  • a polarizing beam splitter can be used in place of the beam splitter and the polarizer to simplify the structure while retaining the function.
  • the number of beam splitters may be more than one, the beam splitter may split the light emitted from the light source, or split the light reflected from the skin, or part of the beam splitter may perform light emitted from the light source. The beam splitter, part of the beam splitter splits the light reflected from the skin.
  • a vital sign signal measuring device can be applied to a wearable device, a medical device, a sports device, etc., can detect various vital signs signals, can collect and signal processing, and can communicate with a terminal, a server or an external data source through a network.
  • the signal can be characterized in a variety of ways. This embodiment is described in detail by taking an example of a vital sign signal measuring device mainly for detecting a heart rate signal, which is applied to an earphone.
  • the heart rate measuring device may include, but is not limited to, an acquisition module, a processing module, a storage module, an output module, a control module, an energy supply module, and the like.
  • the acquisition module can use the PPG method to collect signals. When the signal is collected, the motion of the body may cause great interference to the acquisition of the signal, so that the collected signal contains noise. In order to eliminate the noise of the human motion or vibration signal, it may be used.
  • a multi-parameter adaptive noise cancellation method that requires at least two different signals to be input. In order to obtain two different signals, a device as shown in FIG. 17a may be used.
  • the acquisition module may include one light source and two light detectors. The two light detectors and the light source are closely attached to the skin, and the three devices may be located in one piece.
  • the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 are located on both sides of the light source.
  • the distance between the photodetector 1 and the light source is relatively long, and the distance between the photodetector 2 and the light source is relatively close.
  • the distance between the photodetector 1 and the light source is greater than the distance between the photodetector 2 and the light source.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2 are labeled as I 1 and I 2 , respectively.
  • the processing module uses I 1 and I 2 as two input signals to remove motion artifacts through an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm.
  • the signal after removing the motion artifacts may be stored in the storage module or outputted to the terminal, server or external data source by the output module.
  • the server can further analyze and process the collected signals according to relevant historical data in the external data source, and obtain information that is interesting and easy for ordinary people to understand, such as heart rate, oxygen consumption, fat consumption, and the like.
  • the terminal can display the signal in the form of numbers, curves, images, audio, video, and the like.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 17b, and the sensor includes two photodetectors and one light source.
  • the two photodetectors and one light source are located at a certain distance above the skin.
  • the three devices may or may not be in a straight line, and the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 may be located on the same side of the light source.
  • the distance between the photodetector 1 and the light source is relatively long, and the distance between the photodetector 2 and the light source is relatively close.
  • the distance between the photodetector 1 and the light source is greater than the distance between the photodetector 2 and the light source.
  • the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 simultaneously collect the reflected signal when the light source emits light, and obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2. Since the distance between the photodetector 1 and the light source is far, the photon collected by the photodetector 1 penetrates deeper into the skin, so the photoelectric signal 1 contains more blood volume change information.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2 are labeled as I 1 and I 2 , respectively.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module is a structure as shown in FIG. 17c, and the sensor includes two photodetectors and one light source.
  • the two photodetectors and one light source are located at a certain distance above the skin, and the three devices are located in a straight line or not in a straight line, and the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 are respectively located on both sides of the light source.
  • the distance between the photodetector 1 and the light source is relatively long, and the distance between the photodetector 2 and the light source is relatively close.
  • the distance between the photodetector 1 and the light source is greater than the distance between the photodetector 2 and the light source.
  • the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 simultaneously collect the reflected signal when the light source emits light, and obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2. Since the distance between the photodetector 1 and the light source is far, the photon collected by the photodetector 1 penetrates deeper into the skin, so the photoelectric signal 1 contains more blood volume change information.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2 are labeled as I 1 and I 2 , respectively.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module is a structure as shown in FIG. 17d, and the sensor includes two photodetectors and one light source.
  • the photodetector 1 is in close contact with the skin, and the light source and the photodetector 2 are located at a certain distance above the skin, and the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 are located on the same side of the light source.
  • the horizontal distance between the photodetector 1 and the light source is relatively long, and the horizontal distance between the photodetector 2 and the light source is relatively close.
  • the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 simultaneously collect the reflected signal when the light source emits light, and obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2. Since the distance between the photodetector 1 and the light source is far, the photon collected by the photodetector 1 penetrates deeper into the skin, so the photoelectric signal 1 contains more pulse wave information.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2 are labeled as I 1 and I 2 , respectively.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module is a structure as shown in FIG. 18a.
  • the sensor includes a photodetector and two light sources having the same emission wavelength.
  • the light detector and the two light sources are in close contact with the skin, and the three devices are in a straight line or not in a straight line, and the light source 1 and the light source 2 are located on the same side of the photodetector.
  • the distance between the light source 1 and the photodetector is relatively long, and the distance between the light source 2 and the photodetector is relatively close.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 alternately emit light, and the photodetector collects the reflected signal when it emits light to obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2. Since the distance between the light source 1 and the photodetector is far, the photon emitted by the light source 1 penetrates deeper into the skin, so the photoelectric signal 1 contains more pulse wave information.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2 are labeled as I 1 and I 2 , respectively.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module is a structure as shown in FIG. 18b.
  • the sensor includes a photodetector and two light sources having the same emission wavelength.
  • the light detector and the two light sources are in close contact with the skin, and the three devices are in a straight line or not in a straight line, and the light source 1 and the light source 2 are located on both sides of the photodetector.
  • the distance between the light source 1 and the photodetector is relatively long, and the distance between the light source 2 and the photodetector is relatively close.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 alternately emit light, and the photodetector collects the reflected signal when it emits light to obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2. Since the distance between the light source 1 and the photodetector is far, the photon emitted by the light source 1 penetrates deeper into the skin, so the photoelectric signal 1 contains more pulse wave information.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2 are labeled as I 1 and I 2 , respectively.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module is a structure as shown in FIG. 18c, and the sensor includes a photodetector and two light sources.
  • the photodetector and the two light sources are located at a certain distance above the skin.
  • the three devices are in a straight line or not in a straight line.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 are located on the same side of the photodetector.
  • the distance between the light source 1 and the photodetector is relatively long, and the distance between the light source 2 and the photodetector is relatively close.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 alternately emit light, and the light detectors respectively collect the reflected signals when they emit light, and obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2. Since the distance between the light source 1 and the photodetector is far, the photon emitted by the light source 1 penetrates deeper into the skin, so the photoelectric signal 1 contains more pulse wave information.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2 are labeled as I 1 and I 2 , respectively.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module is a structure as shown in FIG. 18d, and the sensor includes a photodetector and two light sources.
  • the photodetector and the two light sources are located at a certain distance above the skin.
  • the three devices are in a straight line or not in a straight line.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 are located on both sides of the photodetector.
  • the distance between the light source 1 and the photodetector is relatively long, and the distance between the light source 2 and the photodetector is relatively close.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 alternately emit light, and the light detectors respectively collect the reflected signals when they emit light, and obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2. Since the distance between the light source 1 and the photodetector is far, the photon emitted by the light source 1 penetrates deeper into the skin, so the photoelectric signal 1 contains more pulse wave information.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2 are labeled as I 1 and I 2 , respectively.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module is a structure as shown in FIG. 18e, and the sensor includes a photodetector and two light sources.
  • the light source 1 is in close contact with the skin, the light source 2 and the photodetector are located at a certain distance above the skin, and the light source 1 and the light source 2 are located on the same side of the photodetector.
  • the horizontal distance between the light source 1 and the photodetector is relatively long, and the horizontal distance between the light source 2 and the photodetector is relatively close.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 alternately emit light, and the light detectors respectively collect the reflected signals when they emit light, and obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2. Since the distance between the light source 1 and the photodetector is far, the photon emitted by the light source 1 penetrates deeper into the skin, so the photoelectric signal 1 contains more pulse wave information.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2 are labeled as I 1 and I 2 , respectively.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from the first embodiment, the acquisition module is a structure as shown in FIG. 19a, the sensor includes two photodetectors and two light sources, and two photodetectors It is in close contact with the skin with both light sources.
  • the light source 1 and the photodetector 1 constitute a sensor 1
  • the light source 2 and the photodetector 2 constitute a sensor 2.
  • the distance between the light source 1 and the photodetector 1 is relatively long, and the distance between the light source 2 and the photodetector 2 is relatively close.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 can emit light at the same time, or can emit light at different times, and the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 collect reflected signals when the light source 1 and the light source 2 respectively emit light, Photoelectric signal 1 and photoelectric signal 2. Since the distance between the photodetector 1 and the light source is far, the photon collected by the photodetector 1 penetrates deeper into the skin, so the photoelectric signal 1 contains more pulse wave information.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2 are labeled as I 1 and I 2 , respectively.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from the first embodiment, the acquisition module is a structure as shown in FIG. 19b, the sensor includes two photodetectors and two light sources, and two photodetectors Both sources are located at a distance above the skin.
  • the light source 1 and the photodetector 1 constitute a sensor 1
  • the light source 2 and the photodetector 2 constitute a sensor 2.
  • the distance between the light source 1 and the photodetector 1 is relatively long, and the distance between the light source 2 and the photodetector 2 is relatively close.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 can emit light at the same time, or can emit light at different times, and the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 respectively collect the reflected signals when the light source 1 and the light source 2 emit light, Photoelectric signal 1 and photoelectric signal 2. Since the distance between the photodetector 1 and the light source is far, the photon collected by the photodetector 1 penetrates deeper into the skin, so the photoelectric signal 1 contains more pulse wave information.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2 are labeled as I 1 and I 2 , respectively.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module is a structure as shown in FIG. 20a, and the sensor includes two photodetectors, a light source and a lens.
  • the photodetector 1 is in close contact with the skin, the light source is located at a distance above the skin, and there is a lens between the photodetector 2 and the skin, and the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 are located on the same side of the light source.
  • the lens changes the direction in which the photodetector 2 receives light such that the light is at an angle to the skin.
  • the distance between the photodetector 1 and the light source is relatively long, and the distance between the photodetector 2 and the light source is relatively close.
  • the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 simultaneously collect the reflected signal when the light source emits light, and obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2. Since the distance between the photodetector 1 and the light source is relatively long, the photon received by the photodetector 1 penetrates deeper into the skin, and the light received by the photodetector 2 penetrates deeper into the skin due to the lens action, so the photoelectric signal 1 Contains more pulse wave information.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2 are labeled as I 1 and I 2 , respectively.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module is a structure as shown in FIG. 20b, and the sensor includes two photodetectors, a light source and a lens.
  • the photodetector 1 is in close contact with the skin, the light source is located at a distance above the skin, and there is a lens between the photodetector 2 and the skin, and the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 are located on both sides of the light source.
  • the lens changes the direction in which the photodetector 2 receives light such that the light is at an angle to the skin.
  • the distance between the photodetector 1 and the light source is relatively long, and the distance between the photodetector 2 and the light source is relatively close.
  • the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 simultaneously collect the reflected signal when the light source emits light, and obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2. Since the distance between the photodetector 1 and the light source is relatively long, the photon received by the photodetector 1 penetrates deeper into the skin, and the light received by the photodetector 2 penetrates deeper into the skin due to the lens action, so the photoelectric signal 1 Contains more pulse wave information.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2 are labeled as I 1 and I 2 , respectively.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module is a structure as shown in FIG. 20c, and the sensor includes a photodetector, two light sources, and a lens.
  • the light source 1 is in close contact with the skin
  • the photodetector is located at a distance above the skin
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 are located on both sides of the photodetector.
  • the lens changes the direction of the light emitted by the source 2 such that the light is at an angle to the skin.
  • the distance between the light source 1 and the photodetector is relatively long, and the distance between the light source 2 and the photodetector is relatively close.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 alternately emit light, and the photodetector collects the reflected signal when it emits light to obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2. Since the distance between the light source 1 and the photodetector is far, the photon emitted by the light source 1 penetrates deeper into the skin, and the light emitted by the light source 2 penetrates deeper into the skin due to the lens action, so the photoelectric signal 1 contains more Pulse wave information.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2 are labeled as I 1 and I 2 , respectively.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 21a.
  • the sensor includes two light sources, two photodetectors, and a lens.
  • the light source 1 and the photodetector 1 constitute a sensor 1
  • the light source 2 and the photodetector 2 constitute a sensor 2.
  • the photodetector 1 and the light source 1 are in close contact with the skin, the light source 2 is located at a distance above the skin, and there is a lens between the photodetector 2 and the skin, and the light source 1 and the light source 2 are located between the two detectors.
  • the lens changes the direction in which the photodetector 2 receives light such that the light is at an angle to the skin.
  • the distance between the photodetector 1 and the light source 1 is relatively long, and the distance between the photodetector 2 and the light source 2 is relatively close.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 can emit light at the same time, or can emit light at different times, and the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 respectively collect the reflected signals when the light source 1 and the light source 2 emit light. Photoelectric signal 1 and photoelectric signal 2 are obtained.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2 are labeled as I 1 and I 2 , respectively.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 21b.
  • the sensor includes two light sources, two photodetectors, and a lens.
  • the light source 1 and the photodetector 1 constitute a sensor 1
  • the light source 2 and the photodetector 2 constitute a sensor 2.
  • the photodetector 1 and the light source 1 are in close contact with the skin, the photodetector 2 is located at a distance above the skin, and there is a lens between the light source 2 and the skin, and the light source 1 and the light source 2 are located between the two detectors.
  • the lens changes the direction of the light emitted by the source 2 such that the light is at an angle to the skin.
  • the distance between the photodetector 1 and the light source 1 is relatively long, and the distance between the photodetector 2 and the light source 2 is relatively close.
  • the operation of the light source and the photodetector is the same as that described in the fifteenth embodiment.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquiring module different from the first embodiment, and the collecting module It may be a structure as shown in Fig. 21c, the sensor comprising two light sources, two photodetectors and two lenses.
  • the light source 1 and the photodetector 1 constitute a sensor 1
  • the light source 2 and the photodetector 2 constitute a sensor 2.
  • the photodetector 1 and the light source 1 are in close contact with the skin, and there is a lens 1 between the light source 2 and the skin.
  • the lens 1 changes the direction in which the light source 2 emits light
  • the lens 2 changes the direction in which the photodetector 2 receives the reflected signal, which causes the light to be at an angle to the skin.
  • the distance between the photodetector 1 and the light source 1 is relatively long, and the distance between the photodetector 2 and the light source 2 is relatively close.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 22a.
  • the sensor includes a light source, two photodetectors, and three polarizers.
  • the polarizing plate referred to herein is also called a polarizing plate or a polarizing film, and is an optical element which can convert a normal beam into a polarized beam.
  • the polarizing plate may not be used.
  • the light beam emitted by the laser has natural polarization, the use of the polarizing plate may be eliminated, and the polarizing plate and the optical rotation may be used.
  • Both the light source and the light detector are at a distance from the skin, and the distance between the two detectors can be very close.
  • the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 3 are substantially the same, and are substantially perpendicular to the polarization direction of the polarizing plate 2.
  • both the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 collect a reflected signal when the light source emits light, and obtain a photoelectric signal 1 and a photoelectric signal 2.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 collected by the photodetector 1 includes a parallel component of the parallel component of the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light. Since the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 2 and the polarizing plate 3 are perpendicular, the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the photodetector 2 does not include superficial reflected light, and only contains a vertical component of the plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1
  • the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2
  • the superficial reflected light is I R
  • the multiple backscattered light is I B .
  • and ⁇ represent the parallel component and the vertical component, respectively.
  • I 1 I 1R
  • the superficial reflected light has only parallel components, so
  • I B 2I 2B ⁇
  • the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light can be obtained by the following two equations, respectively.
  • I s contains only a plurality of backscattered lights, and Ir contains superficial reflected light and a very small amount of multiple backscattered light.
  • I s contains motion interference signals and heartbeat signals, and I r basically contains only motion interference signals.
  • I s and I r are taken as input signals S 1 and S 2 , respectively, and motion artifacts are removed by the adaptive noise cancellation algorithm of FIG. 8 or similar.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 22b, and the sensor includes a light source, two photodetectors, and three polarizers.
  • the polarizing plate referred to in the present specification may also be a polarizing plate or a polarizing film, and is an optical element which can convert a normal beam into a polarized beam. For those of ordinary skill in the art, if the beam itself is polarized, then a polarizer may not be used.
  • the light beam emitted by the laser is naturally polarized, the use of the polarizing plate can be eliminated, and the polarizing plate and the component having a certain optical rotation can be used to adjust the polarization of the light source.
  • the use of these polarizing plates or optically active components is still above.
  • Both the light source and the light detector are in close contact with the skin surface, and the distance between the two detectors can be very close.
  • the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 3 are substantially the same, and are substantially perpendicular to the polarization direction of the polarizing plate 2.
  • both the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 collect a reflected signal when the light source emits light, and obtain a photoelectric signal 1 and a photoelectric signal 2. Since the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 3 are the same, the photoelectric signal 1 collected by the photodetector 1 includes a parallel component of a parallel component of a small number of backscattered lights and a plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the photodetector 2 does not include a small amount of backscattered light, and only includes a vertical component of the plurality of backscattered lights. It is noted that the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1 , the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2 , the small backscattered light is I BR , the multiple backscattered light is I B , and the subscripts
  • I 1 I 1BR +I 1B
  • the backscattered light is I B multiple times through the polarizing plate 2, and since the backscattered light has no polarization property,
  • I B 2I 2B ⁇
  • I 1B 2I 2B ⁇ + ⁇ B
  • the small backscattered light and the multiple backscattered light can be obtained by the following two equations, respectively.
  • I s contains only a plurality of backscattered lights, and Ir contains a small amount of backscattered light and a very small amount of multiple backscattered light.
  • I s contains motion interference signals and heartbeat signals, and I r basically contains only motion interference signals.
  • the processing module takes I s and Ir as input signals and removes motion artifacts by an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm.
  • the functions and operational steps of the subsequent storage modules and output modules are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 22c.
  • the sensor includes a light source, two photodetectors, and two Polarizers.
  • the purpose of the polarizing plate 2 is to use a common light source to generate a polarized light source. If a laser is used as the light source (such as a laser diode), the laser naturally has polarization, and the polarizing plate 2 can be eliminated. Both the light source and the light detector are at a distance from the skin, and the distance between the two detectors is very close.
  • the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 2 are perpendicular to each other.
  • both the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 collect a reflected signal when the light source emits light, and obtain a photoelectric signal 1 and a photoelectric signal 2. Since there is no polarizing plate under the photodetector 1, the photoelectric signal 1 collected by the photodetector 1 includes superficial reflected light and multiple backscattered lights. Since the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 2 are perpendicular, the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the sensor 2 does not include superficial reflected light, and only contains a vertical component of the plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1
  • the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2
  • the superficial reflected light is I R
  • the multiple backscattered light is I B .
  • and ⁇ represent the parallel component and the vertical component, respectively.
  • the backscattered light is I B after passing through the skin before the polarizing plate 2, and since the backscattered light has no polarization property,
  • I B 2I 2B ⁇
  • I 1B 2I 2B ⁇ + ⁇ B
  • the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light can be obtained by the following two equations, respectively.
  • I s contains only a plurality of backscattered lights, and Ir contains superficial reflected light and a very small amount of multiple backscattered light.
  • I s contains motion interference signals and heartbeat signals, and I r basically contains only motion interference signals.
  • the processing module takes I s and Ir as input signals and removes motion artifacts by an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm.
  • the functions and operational steps of the subsequent storage modules and output modules are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquiring module different from the first embodiment.
  • the collecting module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 22d.
  • the sensor includes a light source, two light detectors, and two Polarizers (ie, polarizers 1 and 2).
  • the purpose of the polarizing plate 2 is to use a common light source to generate a polarized light source. If a laser is used as the light source (such as a laser diode), the laser naturally has polarization, and the polarizing plate 2 can be eliminated.
  • the light source is close to the surface of the skin, and the two photodetectors can be placed close to the surface of the skin or at a distance from the surface of the skin. The distance between the two detectors is very close.
  • the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 2 are perpendicular to each other.
  • both the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 collect a reflected signal when the light source emits light, and obtain a photoelectric signal 1 and a photoelectric signal 2. Since there is no polarizing plate under the photodetector 1, the photoelectric signal 1 collected by the photodetector 1 includes a small amount of backscattered light and a plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the sensor 2 does not include a small amount of backscattered light, and only includes a vertical component of a plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1
  • the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2
  • the small backscattered light is I BR
  • the multiple backscattered light is I B
  • and ⁇ represent the parallel component and the vertical component, respectively.
  • I 1 I 1BR +I 1B
  • the backscattered light is I B after passing through the skin before the polarizing plate 2, and since the backscattered light has no polarization property,
  • I B 2I 2B ⁇
  • I 1B 2I 2B ⁇ + ⁇ B
  • the small backscattered light and the multiple backscattered light can be obtained by the following two equations, respectively.
  • I s contains only a plurality of backscattered lights, and Ir contains a small amount of backscattered light and a very small amount of multiple backscattered light.
  • I s contains motion interference signals and heartbeat signals, and I r basically contains only motion interference signals.
  • the processing module takes I s and Ir as input signals and removes motion artifacts by an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm.
  • the functions and operational steps of the subsequent storage modules and output modules are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquiring module different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the collecting module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 22e.
  • the sensor includes two light sources capable of generating linearly polarized light and one can detect different A photodetector of light with polarized properties. Both the light source and the light detector are at a distance from the skin, and the distance between the two detectors is very close.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 alternately emit light, and the light detector collects the reflected signal when the light source 1 and the light source 2 emit light, respectively, to obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2.
  • the superficial reflected light is still linearly polarized light, and the multiple backscattered light is unpolarized light, the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light components contained in the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2 have different characteristics.
  • the size of the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light can be obtained by the characteristic calculation.
  • the processing module takes the skin surface reflected light and the backscattered light as input signals, and the motion artifacts can be removed by an adaptive filtering algorithm.
  • the functions and operational steps of the subsequent storage modules and output modules are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 22f, and the sensor includes a photodetector, two light sources, and three polarizing plates.
  • the purpose of the polarizing plates 2 and 3 is to use a common light source to generate a polarized light source. If a laser is used as the light source (such as a laser diode), the laser naturally has polarization, and the polarizers 2 and 3 can be eliminated at this time. Both the light source and the light detector are at a distance from the skin, and the distance between the two light sources is very close.
  • the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 3 are the same, and the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 2 are perpendicular to them.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 alternately emit light, and the light detector collects the reflected signal when the light source 1 and the light source 2 emit light, respectively, to obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2. Since the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 3 are the same, the photoelectric signal 1 collected by the photodetector when the light source 1 emits light includes a parallel component of the parallel component of the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light.
  • the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the photodetector does not include superficial reflected light, and only contains a vertical component of the plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 have the same luminance, and since the distance between the two is very close, the multiple backscattered lights generated when they emit light are equal.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1
  • the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2
  • the superficial reflected light is I R
  • the multiple backscattered light is I B .
  • and ⁇ represent the parallel component and the vertical component, respectively.
  • I 1 I 1R
  • the superficial reflected light has only parallel components, so
  • I B 2I 2B ⁇
  • the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light can be obtained by the following two equations, respectively.
  • I s contains only a plurality of backscattered lights, and Ir contains superficial reflected light and a very small amount of multiple backscattered light.
  • I s contains the motion interference signal and the heartbeat signal, and I r basically contains only the motion interference signal.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 22g, and the sensor includes a photodetector, two light sources, and three polarizing plates.
  • the purpose of the polarizing plates 2 and 3 is to use a common light source to generate a polarized light source. If a laser is used as the light source (such as a laser diode), the laser naturally has polarization, and the polarizers 2 and 3 can be eliminated at this time. Both light sources are in close contact with the skin surface, and the light detector can be at a distance from the skin surface or close to the skin surface, and the distance between the two light sources is very close.
  • the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 3 are the same, and the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 2 are perpendicular to them.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 alternately emit light, and the light detector collects the reflected signal when the light source 1 and the light source 2 emit light, respectively, to obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2. Since the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 3 are the same, the photoelectric signal 1 collected by the photodetector when the light source 1 emits light includes a parallel component of a parallel component of a small number of backscattered lights and a plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the photodetector does not include a small amount of backscattered light, and only includes a vertical component of the plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 have the same luminance, and since the distance between the two is very close, the multiple backscattered lights generated when they emit light are equal.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1
  • the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2
  • the small backscattered light is I BR
  • the multiple backscattered light is I B
  • and ⁇ represent the parallel component and the vertical component, respectively.
  • I 1 I 1BR
  • I B 2I 2B ⁇
  • the small backscattered light and the multiple backscattered light can be obtained by the following two equations, respectively.
  • I s contains only a plurality of backscattered lights, and Ir contains a small amount of backscattered light and a very small amount of multiple backscattered light.
  • I s contains motion interference signals and heartbeat signals, and I r basically contains only motion interference signals.
  • the processing module takes I s and Ir as input signals and removes motion artifacts by an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm.
  • the functions and operational steps of the subsequent processing module, storage module, and output module are the same as in the eighteenth embodiment.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 22h, and the sensor includes a photodetector, two light sources, and two polarizers.
  • the purpose of the polarizing plate 2 is to use a common light source to generate a polarized light source. If a laser is used as the light source (such as a laser diode), the laser naturally has polarization, and the polarizing plate 2 can be eliminated. Both the light source and the light detector are at a distance from the skin, and the distance between the two light sources is very close.
  • the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 2 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 alternately emit light, and the light detector collects the reflected signal when the light source 1 and the light source 2 emit light, respectively, to obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2. Since there is no polarizing plate under the light source 1, when the light source 1 emits light, the photoelectric signal 1 obtained by the photodetector includes a parallel component of the parallel component of the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light. Since the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 2 are perpendicular, when the light source 2 emits light, the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the photodetector does not include superficial reflected light, and only contains a vertical component of the plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the light emission luminance of the light source 1 and the light emitted from the light source 2 are the same as the luminance of the polarizing plate 2. Since the distance between the two is very close, the plurality of backscattered lights generated when they emit light are equal.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1
  • the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2
  • the superficial reflected light is I R
  • the multiple backscattered light is I B .
  • and ⁇ represent the parallel component and the vertical component, respectively.
  • I 1 I 1R
  • I B 2I 2B ⁇
  • the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light can be obtained by the following two equations, respectively.
  • I R 2 (I 1 -I 2 - ⁇ B )
  • I s contains only a plurality of backscattered lights, and Ir contains superficial scattered light and a very small amount of multiple backscattered light.
  • I s contains motion interference signals and heartbeat signals, and I r basically contains only motion interference signals.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquiring module different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the collecting module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 22i, and the sensor includes a photodetector, two light sources, and two polarizing plates.
  • the purpose of the polarizing plate 2 is to use a common light source to generate a polarized light source. If a laser is used as the light source (such as a laser diode), the laser naturally has polarization, and the polarizing plate 2 can be eliminated. Both light sources are in close contact with the skin surface, and the light detector can be at a distance from the skin or close to the skin surface. The distance between the two light sources is very close.
  • the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 2 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 alternately emit light, and the light detector collects the reflected signal when the light source 1 and the light source 2 emit light, respectively, to obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2. Since there is no polarizing plate under the light source 1, when the light source 1 emits light, the photoelectric signal 1 obtained by the photodetector includes a parallel component of a parallel component of a small number of backscattered lights and a plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the photodetector does not include a small amount of backscattered light, and only includes a vertical component of the plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the light emission luminance of the light source 1 and the light emitted from the light source 2 are the same as the luminance of the polarizing plate 2. Since the distance between the two is very close, the plurality of backscattered lights generated when they emit light are equal.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1
  • the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2
  • the small backscattered light is I BR
  • the multiple backscattered light is I B
  • and ⁇ represent the parallel component and the vertical component, respectively.
  • I 1 I 1BR
  • I BR 2I 1BR
  • I B 2I 2B ⁇
  • the small backscattered light and the multiple backscattered light can be obtained by the following two equations, respectively.
  • I BR 2 (I 1 -I 2 - ⁇ B )
  • I s contains only a plurality of backscattered lights, and Ir contains a small amount of backscattered light and a very small amount of multiple backscattered light.
  • I s contains motion interference signals and heartbeat signals, and I r basically contains only motion interference signals.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 23a, and the sensor includes a photodetector and two light sources. Both the light source and the photodetector are at a distance from the skin. Taking the skin surface as the medium interface, the light incident angle of the light source 1 is ⁇ , the photodetector is located on the plane defined by the incident light and the normal, and the angle between the line connecting the incident point and the normal is also ⁇ , in theory. Specular reflection.
  • the intersection of the light emitted by the light source 2 and the skin is located directly below the photodetector, and the detector is located near the normal of the spot on the skin of the light source 2, and the closer to the normal direction, the better the signal quality.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 alternately emit light, and the light detector collects the reflected signal when the light source 1 and the light source 2 emit light, respectively, to obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2. Since the photodetector is located in the direction in which the light reflected by the surface of the light source 1 is the strongest, the reflected light component of the skin surface in the photoelectric signal 1 obtained by the photodetector is large when the light source 1 emits light.
  • the photodetector Since the photodetector is located in the strongest direction of the backscattered light of the light emitted by the light source 2, the backscattered light component in the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the photodetector is large when the light source 2 emits light. It is noted that the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1 and the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2 .
  • the processing module takes I 1 and I 2 as input signals and removes motion artifacts through an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm.
  • the functions and operational steps of the subsequent storage modules and output modules are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquiring module different from the first embodiment, and the collecting module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 23b.
  • the sensor includes a light source, two light detectors, and two Polarizers.
  • the purpose of the polarizing plate 2 is to use a common light source to generate a polarized light source. If a laser is used as the light source (such as a laser diode), the laser naturally has polarization, and the polarizing plate 2 can be eliminated. Both the light source and the photodetector are at a distance from the skin.
  • the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 2 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the light incident angle of the light source is ⁇
  • the photodetector 1 is located on the plane defined by the incident light and the normal, and the angle between the line connecting the incident point and the normal is also ⁇ , in theory. Specular reflection.
  • the photodetector 2 is located in the direction near the normal. Detector 2 is located near the normal line, the closer to the normal direction, the better the signal quality, such as 90 degrees, 80 degrees to 100 degrees, 60 degrees to 120 lines, 60 degrees to 120 degrees, slightly worse .
  • both the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 collect a reflected signal when the light source emits light, and obtain a photoelectric signal 1 and a photoelectric signal 2.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 collected by the photodetector 1 includes superficial reflected light and multiple backscattered light, and since the photodetector 1 is located in the direction in which the surface reflected light is strongest, Therefore, the superficial reflected light component in the photoelectric signal 1 is large. Since the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 2 are perpendicular, the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the photodetector 2 does not include the superficial reflected light, and only contains the vertical component of the multiple backscattered light, and because the photodetector 2 Located in the strongest direction of the backscattered light, the multiple backscattered light components in the photoelectric signal 2 are large.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1
  • the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2
  • the superficial reflected light is I R
  • the multiple backscattered light is I B .
  • and ⁇ represent the parallel component and the vertical component, respectively.
  • the processing module uses I 2 and I 1 as input signals to remove motion artifacts through an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm.
  • the functions and operational steps of the subsequent storage modules and output modules are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquiring module different from the first embodiment, and the collecting module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 24a, wherein the sensor includes a photodetector, two light sources, and three Polarizers. Both the light source and the photodetector are at a distance from the skin.
  • the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 3 are the same, and the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 2 are perpendicular to them.
  • the purpose of the polarizing plate 2 and the polarizing plate 3 is to use a common light source to generate a polarized light source.
  • the laser naturally has polarization, and the polarizing plate 2 and the polarizing plate 3 can be eliminated at this time.
  • the light incident angle of the light source 1 is ⁇
  • the photodetector is located on the plane defined by the incident light and the normal, and the angle between the line connecting the incident point and the normal is also ⁇ , in theory. Specular reflection. The intersection of the light from the light source 2 and the skin is located directly below the photodetector.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 alternately emit light
  • the light detector collects the reflected signal when the light source 1 and the light source 2 emit light, respectively, to obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2. Since the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 3 are the same, the photoelectric signal 1 collected by the photodetector when the light source 1 emits light includes a parallel component of the superficial component of the superficially reflected light and a plurality of backscattered lights, and The detector is located in the direction in which the reflected light is the strongest on the surface of the light source 1, so that the reflected light component of the skin surface in the photoelectric signal 1 is large.
  • the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the photodetector does not include superficial reflected light, and only contains the vertical component of the multiple backscattered light, and because of the light
  • the detector is located in the strongest direction of the backscattered light of the light emitted by the light source 2, so that the backscattered light component in the photoelectric signal 2 is large.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 have the same luminance, and since the distance between the two is very close, the backscattered light generated when they emit light is equal.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1
  • the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2
  • the superficial reflected light is I R
  • the multiple backscattered light is I B .
  • and ⁇ represent the parallel component and the vertical component, respectively.
  • I 1 I 1R
  • the processing module uses I 2 and I 1 as input signals to remove motion artifacts through an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm.
  • the functions and operational steps of the subsequent storage modules and output modules are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 24b.
  • the sensor includes a photodetector, two light sources, and two Polarizers. Both the light source and the photodetector are at a distance from the skin.
  • the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 2 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the purpose of the polarizing plate 2 is to use a common light source to generate a polarized light source. If a laser is used as the light source (such as a laser diode), the laser naturally has polarization, and the polarizing plate 2 can be eliminated.
  • the light incident angle of the light source 1 is ⁇
  • the photodetector is located on the plane defined by the incident light and the normal, and the angle between the line connecting the incident point and the normal is also ⁇ , in theory. Specular reflection.
  • the intersection of the light from the light source 2 and the skin is located directly below the photodetector.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 obtained by the photodetector includes a parallel component of the superficial component of the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light, and since the photodetector is located in the light source 1 The surface reflects the strongest direction of light, so the reflected light component of the skin surface in the photoelectric signal 1 is large.
  • the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the photodetector does not include superficial reflected light, and only contains a plurality of vertical components of the backscattered light, and The detector is located in the strongest direction of the backscattered light of the light emitted by the light source 2, so that the plurality of backscattered light components in the photoelectric signal 2 are large.
  • the light emission luminance of the light source 1 and the light emitted from the light source 2 are the same as the luminance of the polarizing plate 2. Since the distance between the two is very close, the plurality of backscattered lights generated when they emit light are equal.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1
  • the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2
  • the superficial reflected light is I R
  • the multiple backscattered light is I B .
  • and ⁇ represent the parallel component and the vertical component, respectively.
  • I 1 I 1R
  • the processing module uses I 2 and I 1 as input signals to remove motion artifacts through an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm.
  • the functions and operational steps of the subsequent storage modules and output modules are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 25a, and the sensor includes a light source, two photodetectors, three polarizers, and A beam splitter.
  • the purpose of the polarizing plate 3 is to use a common light source to generate a polarized light source. If a laser is used as the light source (such as a laser diode), the laser naturally has polarization, and the polarizing plate 3 can be eliminated.
  • the light source and the photodetector are both at a distance from the skin, and the two photodetectors and the polarizing plate are respectively located in the direction of reflection and transmission of the beam splitter.
  • the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 3 are the same, and the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 2 are perpendicular to them.
  • the beam splitter reflects the same component as the transmission.
  • both the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 collect a reflected signal when the light source emits light, and obtain a photoelectric signal 1 and a photoelectric signal 2. Since the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 3 are the same, the photoelectric signal 1 collected by the photodetector 1 includes a parallel component of the parallel component of the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light.
  • the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the photodetector 2 does not include superficial reflected light, and only contains a vertical component of the plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1
  • the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2
  • the superficial reflected light is I R
  • the multiple backscattered light is I B .
  • and ⁇ represent the parallel component and the vertical component, respectively.
  • I 1 I R
  • the superficial reflected light has only parallel components, and the multiple backscattered light has no polarization characteristics, so
  • the processing module uses I R and I B as input signals to remove motion artifacts through an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm.
  • the functions and operational steps of the subsequent storage modules and output modules are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 25b.
  • the sensor includes a light source, two photodetectors, three polarizers, and A beam splitter.
  • the purpose of the polarizing plate 3 is to use a common light source to generate a polarized light source. If a laser is used as the light source (such as a laser diode), the laser naturally has polarization, and the polarizing plate 3 can be eliminated.
  • the light source is close to the surface of the skin.
  • the two photodetectors can be at a distance from the skin or close to the surface of the skin.
  • the two photodetectors and polarizers are located in the direction of reflection and transmission of the beam splitter.
  • the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 3 are the same, and the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 2 are perpendicular to them.
  • the beam splitter reflects the same component as the transmission.
  • both the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 collect a reflected signal when the light source emits light, and obtain a photoelectric signal 1 and a photoelectric signal 2. Since the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 3 are the same, the photoelectric signal 1 collected by the photodetector 1 includes a parallel component of a parallel component of a small number of backscattered lights and a plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the photodetector 2 does not include a small amount of backscattered light, and only includes a vertical component of the plurality of backscattered lights. It is noted that the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1 , the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2 , the small backscattered light is I BR , the multiple backscattered light is I B , and the subscripts
  • I 1 I BR
  • the superficial reflected light has only parallel components, and the multiple backscattered light has no polarization characteristics, so
  • the processing module uses I BR and I B as input letters
  • the number removes motion artifacts by an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm.
  • the function and operation of the following storage modules and output modules The steps are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 25c.
  • the sensor includes a light source, two photodetectors, two polarizers, and A beam splitter.
  • the purpose of the polarizing plate 2 is to use a common light source to generate a polarized light source. If a laser is used as the light source (such as a laser diode), the laser naturally has polarization, and the polarizing plate 2 can be eliminated.
  • the light source and the photodetector are both at a distance from the skin, the photodetector 1 is located in the direction of reflection of the beam splitter, and the photodetector 2 and the polarizer 1 are located in the transmission direction of the beam splitter.
  • the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 2 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the beam splitter reflects the same component as the transmission.
  • both the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 collect a reflected signal when the light source emits light, and obtain a photoelectric signal 1 and a photoelectric signal 2. Since there is no polarizing plate under the photodetector 1, the photoelectric signal 1 collected by the photodetector 1 includes superficial reflected light and multiple backscattered lights.
  • the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the sensor 2 does not include superficial reflected light, and only contains a vertical component of the plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1
  • the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2
  • the superficial reflected light is I R
  • the multiple backscattered light is I B .
  • and ⁇ represent the parallel component and the vertical component, respectively.
  • the superficial reflected light has only parallel components, and the multiple backscattered light has no polarization characteristics, so
  • the processing module uses I R and I B as input signals to remove motion artifacts through an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm.
  • the functions and operational steps of the subsequent storage modules and output modules are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 25d.
  • the sensor includes a light source, two photodetectors, two polarizers, and A beam splitter.
  • the purpose of the polarizing plate 2 is to use a common light source to generate a polarized light source. If a laser is used as the light source (such as a laser diode), the laser naturally has polarization, and the polarizing plate 2 can be eliminated.
  • the light source is close to the surface of the skin.
  • the two photodetectors can be at a distance from the skin or close to the surface of the skin.
  • the two photodetectors and polarizers are located in the direction of reflection and transmission of the beam splitter.
  • the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 2 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the beam splitter reflects the same component as the transmission.
  • both the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 collect a reflected signal when the light source emits light, and obtain a photoelectric signal 1 and a photoelectric signal 2. Since there is no polarizing plate under the photodetector 1, the photoelectric signal 1 collected by the photodetector 1 includes a small amount of backscattered light and a plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the sensor 2 does not include a small amount of backscattered light, and only includes a vertical component of the plurality of backscattered lights. It is noted that the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1 , the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2 , the small backscattered light is I BR , the multiple backscattered light is I B , and the subscripts
  • I 1 I BR +I B
  • the processing module removes motion artifacts by an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm using I BR and I B as input signals.
  • the functions and operational steps of the subsequent storage modules and output modules are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquiring module different from the first embodiment.
  • the collecting module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 26a.
  • the sensor includes two light sources capable of generating linearly polarized light, and one can detect different A photodetector of polarized light and a beam splitter.
  • the light source and the photodetector are both at a distance from the skin, and the two light sources are respectively located in the direction of reflection and the direction of transmission of the beam splitter.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 alternately emit light, and the light detector collects the reflected signal when the light source 1 and the light source 2 emit light, respectively, to obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2.
  • the superficial reflected light is still linearly polarized light, and the multiple backscattered light is unpolarized light, the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light components contained in the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2 have different characteristics.
  • the size of the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light can be obtained by the characteristic calculation.
  • the processing module uses superficial reflected light and multiple backscattered light as input signals, and the motion artifact can be removed by an adaptive filtering algorithm.
  • the functions and operational steps of the subsequent storage modules and output modules are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquiring module different from that of the first embodiment, and the collecting module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 26b, the sensor includes a photodetector, two light sources, and three polarizing plates. A beam splitter.
  • the purpose of the polarizers 2, 3 is to generate a polarized light source using a common light source. If a laser is used as the light source (such as a laser diode), the laser naturally has polarization, and the polarizers 2, 3 can be eliminated.
  • the light source and the photodetector are both at a distance from the skin, and the two light sources and the polarizing plate are respectively located in the direction of reflection and transmission of the beam splitter.
  • the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 3 are the same, and the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 2 are perpendicular to them.
  • the beam splitter reflects the same component as the transmission.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 alternately emit light, and the light detector collects the reflected signal when the light source 1 and the light source 2 emit light, respectively, to obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2. Since the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 3 are the same, the photoelectric signal 1 collected by the photodetector when the light source 1 emits light includes a parallel component of the parallel component of the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light.
  • the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the photodetector does not include superficial reflected light, and only contains a vertical component of the plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 have the same luminance, and since the beam splitter reflects and transmits the same component, the plurality of backscattered lights generated when they emit light are equal.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1
  • the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2
  • the superficial reflected light is I R
  • the multiple backscattered light is I B .
  • and ⁇ represent the parallel component and the vertical component, respectively.
  • I 1 I R
  • the superficial reflected light has only parallel components, and the multiple backscattered light has no polarization characteristics, so
  • the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light can be obtained by the following two equations, respectively.
  • the processing module uses I R and I B as input signals to remove motion artifacts through an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm.
  • the functions and operational steps of the subsequent storage modules and output modules are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from the first embodiment, and the acquisition module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 26c, the sensor includes a photodetector, two light sources, and three polarizers.
  • the purpose of the polarizers 2, 3 is to generate a polarized light source using a common light source. If a laser is used as the light source (such as a laser diode), the laser naturally has polarization, and the polarizers 2 and 3 can be eliminated.
  • the light detector is in close contact with the skin surface.
  • the two light sources can be at a distance from the skin or close to the skin surface.
  • the two light sources and the polarizing plate are respectively located in the direction of reflection and transmission of the beam splitter.
  • the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 3 are the same, and the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 2 are perpendicular to them.
  • the beam splitter reflects the same component as the transmission.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 alternately emit light, and the light detector collects the reflected signal when the light source 1 and the light source 2 emit light, respectively, to obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 collected by the photodetector when the light source 1 emits light includes a parallel component of a parallel component of a small number of backscattered lights and a plurality of backscattered lights. Since the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 2 and the polarizing plate 3 are perpendicular, when the light source 2 emits light, the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the photodetector does not include a small amount of backscattered light, and only includes a vertical component of the plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 have the same luminance, and since the beam splitter reflects and transmits the same component, the plurality of backscattered lights generated when they emit light are equal. It is noted that the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1 , the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2 , the small backscattered light is I BR , the multiple backscattered light is I B , and the subscripts
  • I 1 I BR
  • the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light can be obtained by the following two equations, respectively.
  • the processing module removes motion artifacts by an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm using I BR and I B as input signals.
  • the functions and operational steps of the subsequent storage modules and output modules are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 26d, and the sensor includes a photodetector, two light sources, and two polarizers.
  • the purpose of the polarizing plate 2 is to use a common light source to generate a polarized light source. If a laser is used as the light source (such as a laser diode), the laser naturally has polarization, and the polarizing plate 2 can be eliminated.
  • the light source and the photodetector are both at a distance from the skin, the light source 1 is located in the direction of reflection of the beam splitter, and the light source 2 and the polarizing plate 2 are located in the transmission direction of the beam splitter.
  • the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 2 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the beam splitter reflects the same component as the transmission.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 alternately emit light, and the light detector collects the reflected signal when the light source 1 and the light source 2 emit light, respectively, to obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the optical signal number 2. Since there is no polarizing plate under the light source 1, when the light source 1 emits light, the photoelectric signal 1 obtained by the photodetector includes a parallel component of the parallel component of the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light.
  • the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the photodetector does not include superficial reflected light, and only contains a vertical component of the plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the light emission luminance of the light source 1 and the light emitted from the light source 2 are the same as the luminance of the polarizing plate 2, and since the beam splitter reflects and transmits the same component, the plurality of backscattered lights generated when they emit light are equal.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1
  • the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2
  • the superficial reflected light is I R
  • the multiple backscattered light is I B .
  • and ⁇ represent the parallel component and the vertical component, respectively.
  • I 1 I R
  • the superficial reflected light is not polarized.
  • the backscattered light has no polarization property, so
  • the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light can be obtained by the following two equations, respectively.
  • I R 2 (I 1 -I 2 )
  • the processing module uses I R and I B as input signals to remove motion artifacts through an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm.
  • the functions and operational steps of the subsequent storage modules and output modules are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 26e, and the sensor includes a photodetector, two light sources, and two polarizers.
  • the purpose of the polarizing plate 2 is to use a common light source to generate a polarized light source. If a laser is used as the light source (such as a laser diode), the laser naturally has polarization, and the polarizing plate 2 can be eliminated.
  • the light detector is in close contact with the skin surface.
  • the two light sources can be at a distance from the skin or close to the skin surface.
  • the two light sources and the polarizing plate are respectively located in the direction of reflection and transmission of the beam splitter.
  • the polarization directions of the polarizing plate 1 and the polarizing plate 2 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the beam splitter reflects the same component as the transmission.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 alternately emit light, and the light detector collects the reflected signal when the light source 1 and the light source 2 emit light, respectively, to obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2. Since there is no polarizing plate under the light source 1, when the light source 1 emits light, the photoelectric signal 1 obtained by the photodetector includes a parallel component of a parallel component of a small number of backscattered lights and a plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the photodetector does not include a small amount of backscattered light, and only includes a vertical component of the plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the light emission luminance of the light source 1 and the light emitted from the light source 2 are the same as the luminance of the polarizing plate 2, and since the beam splitter reflects and transmits the same component, the plurality of backscattered lights generated when they emit light are equal.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1
  • the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2
  • the small backscattered light is I BR
  • the multiple backscattered light is I B
  • and ⁇ represent the parallel component and the vertical component, respectively.
  • I 1 I BR
  • the light source 1 When the light source 1 emits light, there is little polarization of the backscattered light. When the light source 1 and the light source 2 emit light, the backscattered light has no polarization property, so
  • the small backscattered light and the multiple backscattered light can be obtained by the following two equations, respectively.
  • I BR 2 (I 1 -I 2 )
  • the processing module removes motion artifacts by an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm using I BR and I B as input signals.
  • the functions and operational steps of the subsequent storage modules and output modules are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 27a.
  • the sensor includes a light source, two photodetectors, a polarizer, and a Polarization beam splitter.
  • the purpose of the polarizing plate 3 is to use a common light source to generate a polarized light source. If a laser is used as the light source (such as a laser diode), the laser naturally has polarization, and the polarizing plate 3 can be eliminated. Both the light source and the photodetector are at a distance from the skin, and the two photodetectors are respectively located in the direction of reflection and transmission of the polarizing beam splitter.
  • the polarization beam splitter reflects the same polarization direction as the polarizer, and the transmission polarization direction is perpendicular to the polarizer, and the reflected and transmitted components are equal.
  • both the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 collect a reflected signal when the light source emits light, and obtain a photoelectric signal 1 and a photoelectric signal 2. Since the polarization direction of the polarization beam splitter is the same as that of the polarizing plate, the photoelectric signal 1 collected by the photodetector 1 includes a parallel component of the parallel component of the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light.
  • the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the photodetector 2 does not include the superficial reflected light, and only contains the vertical component of the multiple backscattered light.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1
  • the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2
  • the superficial reflected light is I R
  • the multiple backscattered light is I B .
  • and ⁇ represent the parallel component and the vertical component, respectively.
  • I 1 I R
  • the superficial reflected light has only parallel components, and the multiple backscattered light has no polarization characteristics, so
  • the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light can be obtained by the following two equations, respectively.
  • the processing module uses I R and I B as input signals to remove motion artifacts through an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm.
  • the functions and operational steps of the subsequent storage modules and output modules are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 27b.
  • the sensor includes a light source, two photodetectors, a polarizer, and a Polarization beam splitter.
  • the purpose of the polarizing plate 3 is to use a common light source to generate a polarized light source. If a laser is used as the light source (such as a laser diode), the laser naturally has polarization, and the polarizing plate 3 can be eliminated.
  • the light source is close to the surface of the skin.
  • the two photodetectors can be at a distance from the skin or close to the surface of the skin.
  • the two photodetectors and polarizers are located in the direction of reflection and transmission of the beam splitter.
  • the polarization beam splitter reflects the same polarization direction as the polarizer, and the transmission polarization direction is perpendicular to the polarizer, and the reflected and transmitted components are equal.
  • both the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2 collect a reflected signal when the light source emits light, and obtain a photoelectric signal 1 and a photoelectric signal 2. Since the polarization direction of the polarization beam splitter is the same as that of the polarizing plate, the photoelectric signal 1 collected by the photodetector 1 includes a parallel component of a parallel component of a small number of backscattered lights and a plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the photoelectric signal 2 collected by the photodetector 2 does not include a small amount of backscattered light, and only contains a vertical component of the plurality of backscattered lights. It is noted that the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1 , the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2 , the small backscattered light is I BR , the multiple backscattered light is I B , and the subscripts
  • I 1 I BR
  • the small backscattered light and the multiple backscattered light can be obtained by the following two equations, respectively.
  • the processing module removes motion artifacts by an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm using I BR and I B as input signals.
  • the functions and operational steps of the subsequent storage modules and output modules are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 27c.
  • the sensor includes a photodetector, two light sources, and a polarizer and a Polarization beam splitter. Both the light source and the photodetector are at a distance from the skin, and the two light sources are respectively located in the direction of reflection and transmission of the polarizing beam splitter.
  • the polarization beam splitter reflects the same polarization direction as the polarizer, and the transmission polarization direction is perpendicular to the polarizer, and the reflected and transmitted components are equal.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 alternately emit light, and the light detector collects the reflected signal when the light source 1 and the light source 2 emit light, respectively, to obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2. Since the polarization direction of the polarization beam splitter is the same as that of the polarizing plate, the photoelectric signal 1 obtained by the photodetector when the light source 1 emits light includes a parallel component of the parallel component of the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light.
  • the photoelectric signal 2 obtained by the photodetector does not include the superficial reflected light when the light source 2 emits light, and only contains the vertical component of the multiple backscattered light.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 are made to have the same luminance, and since the polarization beam splitter reflects and transmits the same component, the plurality of backscattered lights generated when they emit light are equal.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1
  • the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2
  • the superficial reflected light is I R
  • the multiple backscattered light is I B .
  • and ⁇ represent the parallel component and the vertical component, respectively:
  • I 1 I R
  • the superficial reflected light has only parallel components, and the multiple backscattered light has no polarization characteristics, so
  • the superficial reflected light and the multiple backscattered light can be obtained by the following two equations, respectively.
  • the processing module uses I R and I B as input signals to remove motion artifacts through an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm.
  • the functions and operational steps of the subsequent storage modules and output modules are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • a vital sign signal detecting device may include an acquisition module different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the acquisition module may be a structure as shown in FIG. 27d.
  • the sensor includes a photodetector, two light sources, and a polarizing plate and a Polarization beam splitter.
  • the light detector is close to the surface of the skin.
  • the two light sources can be at a distance from the skin or close to the skin surface.
  • the two light sources and the polarizing plate are respectively located in the direction of reflection and transmission of the polarizing beam splitter.
  • the polarization beam splitter reflects the same polarization direction as the polarizer, and the transmission polarization direction is perpendicular to the polarizer, and the reflected and transmitted components are equal.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 alternately emit light, and the light detector collects the reflected signal when the light source 1 and the light source 2 emit light, respectively, to obtain the photoelectric signal 1 and the photoelectric signal 2. Since the polarization direction of the polarization beam splitter is the same as that of the polarizing plate, the photoelectric signal 1 collected by the photodetector when the light source 1 emits light includes a parallel component of a parallel component of a small number of backscattered lights and a plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the photoelectric signal 2 obtained by the photodetector does not contain a small amount of backscattered light when the light source 2 emits light, and only includes a vertical component of the plurality of backscattered lights.
  • the light source 1 and the light source 2 are made to have the same luminance, and since the polarization beam splitter reflects and transmits the same component, the plurality of backscattered lights generated when they emit light are equal.
  • the photoelectric signal 1 is I 1
  • the photoelectric signal 2 is I 2
  • the small backscattered light is I BR
  • the multiple backscattered light is I B
  • and ⁇ represent the parallel component and the vertical component, respectively.
  • I 1 I BR
  • the small backscattered light and the multiple backscattered light can be obtained by the following two equations, respectively.
  • the processing module removes motion artifacts by an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm using I BR and I B as input signals.
  • the functions and operational steps of the subsequent storage modules and output modules are the same as in the first embodiment.

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Abstract

一种生命体征测量装置及方法,该装置和方法可以测量处于运动状态下的生命体的心率信号。所述方法通过接收两路不同的信号,利用自适应噪声消除算法对两路信号进行噪声去除后,再经过一定的运算后可以得到较为精确的心率信号。

Description

一种生命体征测量装置及方法
交叉引用
本申请要求2015年9月30日提交的编号为201510651334.X的中国申请的优先权,其内容以引用方式被包含于此。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生命体征信号的测量装置及方法,尤其涉及处于运动状态下的生命体心率信号的测量装置及方法。
背景技术
在生命体征参数检测中,心率是一个非常重要的生理指标。在医疗领域心率测量可以为医学诊断提供参考。由于心率也是人体运动时身体负荷的评价标准,因此在体育锻炼中检测心率可以合理指导运动员锻炼。心率监测还可以间接了解在运动时能量消耗情况,从而帮助运动者更有效率地减脂塑型。另外,心率的测量不需要复杂的仪器与装置,且适合进行连续监测。因此,实时监测心率数据具有广泛和重要的价值。
发明内容
本发明提供一种生命体征获取的设备和方法。所述设备包括:第一信号源,用于向一生命体表面发射第一光束,所述第一光束可以是单色光,也可以是包含一段波长范围的光,所述单色光或者包含一段波长范围的光包括但不限于红光、黄光、绿光、蓝光、紫光、红外、紫外等。第一信号接收装置,用于接收所述生命体反射的第一信号,所述第一信号接收装置可以是一个光电传感器,所述第一信号与第一光束相关。第二信号接收装置,用于接收所述生命体反射的第二信号,所述第二信号接收装置可以是一个光电传感器,所述第二信号与第一光束相关,所述第二信号不同于所述第一信号。一个处理器,根据所述第一信号和所述第二信号,计算所述生命体的一种生命体征信号。可选地,所述第一信号与所述第二信号生命体征信息与噪声信息的比例不同。所述第一信号源,第一信号接收装置和第二信号接收装置可以位于一条直线上,也可以距离所述生命体表面上方不同的距离。
可选地,所述生命体表面可以是生命体的特定组织或部位,例如但不限于皮肤。
可选地,所述第一光束入射到皮肤表面,可以直接被皮肤角质层与外表形成的界面反射,发出反射光,所述反射光可以包括运动信息,也可以被皮肤表面折射后依次进入皮肤组织的表皮和真皮,被皮肤组织散射和吸收,发出散射光,所述散射光可以包括运动信息和生命体征。所述生命体反射的第一信号和/或第二信号可以包括皮肤表面的反射光和被皮肤组织散射的散射光。
可选地,所述第一信号可以包括PPG信号,可选地,所述第二信号可以包括由所述生命体运动而产生的噪声信息。
可选地,所述第一信号源到所述第一信号接收装置的距离可以大于所述第一信号源到所述第二信号接收装置的距离,所述第一信号接收装置到所述生命体表面的距离可以小于所述第二信号接收装置到所述生命体表面的距离,所述距离的不同可以使光子深入到皮肤组织的平均深度不同,可以使第一信号和第二信号所携带的生命体征信息与噪声信息比例不同。
可选地,所述设备可以包括第二信号源,用于向所述生命体表面发射第二光束,所述第一信号源和所述第二信号源可以同时发出光束,也可以交替发出光束,所述第一信号源的光束和第二信号源的光束的波长可以是相同的,也可以是不同的。所述第一信号源和所述第一信号接收装置构成第一传感器,所述第二信号源和所述第二信号接收装置构成第二传感器。
可选地,所述第二信号源到所述第二信号接收装置的距离可以小于所述第一信号源到所述第一信号接收装置的距离,所述距离的不同可以使所述第一光束和所述第二光束深入到皮肤组织的平均深度不同,可以使第一信号和第二信号所携带的生命体征分量的比例大小不同。
可选地,所述设备可以包括一个光学元件,位于所述第二信号接收装置和所述生命体之间,用来改变第二信号的传播方向,也可以位于所述第一信号接收装置和所述生命体之间,用来改变第一信号的传播方向,可选的,所述设备可以包括至少两个光学元件,可以分别位于所述第二信号接收装置和所述生命体之间以及第一信号接收装置和所述生命体之间。所述两个或两个以上光学元件可以相同,也可以不同。进一步可选地,所述元件可以是一个透镜或一个光导,可以用来改变所述第二信号接收装置或者所述第一信号接收装置接收信号的方向,使得光线与皮肤呈一定的夹角,所述透镜类型包括但不限于凹透镜,凸透镜,平凸透镜,平凹透镜,凹凸透镜。
可选地,所述第一光束为偏振光,所述偏振光可以由第一信号源直接产生,也可以由第一信号源和特定光学元件组合产生。
可选地,所述设备可以包括偏振装置,可以包括第一偏振装置,位于所述第二信号接收装置和所述生命体之间,也可以包括第二偏振装置,位于所述第一信号接收装置和所述生命体 之间,还可以包括第三偏振装置,位于所述第一信号源和所述生命体之间,进一步可选地,所述偏振装置可以是偏振器,用来产生线偏振光,所述偏振器的偏振方向可以相同,也可以不同,可选的,不同偏振方向之间相互垂直。当入射光是满足一定条件的线偏振光时,皮肤表面反射光仍可以是线偏振光,后向散射光是非偏振光,调节所述偏振器的偏振方向,可以使第一信号和或第二信号包含不同比例的反射光和后向散射光,所述第一信号和所述第二信号所携带的生命体征分量的比例不同。
可选地,所述设备可以包括一个或者多个分束器,用于将生命体的反射信号分解成两个部分,可以分别是分束器的反射光和分束器的透射光,分束器反射与透射的分量相等,所述分束器可以使所述第一信号和所述第二信号取自皮肤上的同一区域,,从而提高了相关度,进一步优选地,所述分束器可以是偏振分束器,用于将光分解成不同偏振方向的偏振光,所述偏振分束器自带偏振器,可以减少传感器中偏振器使用的数量。
可选地,所述第一信号装置可以位于所述第一光束的法线附近,所述第一信号接收装置接收到的后向散射光强度较大。进一步优选地,所述第一信号装置位于所述第一光束的法线方向,所述第一信号接收装置接收到的后向散射光强度最大。
可选地,所述设备可以包括一个处理模块,所述处理模块可以根据所述第一信号和所述第二信号获取生命体征信息,例如但不限于心率信息,所述处理模块可以包括但不限于噪声消除、信号解析和信号表征等功能。
本发明还提供另外一种生命体征获取的设备。所述设备包括:第一信号源,用于向一生命体表面发射第一光束。第二信号源,用于向所述生命体表面发射第二光束,所述第一信号源和所述第二信号源可以交替发出光束,也可以同时发出光束,所述第一光束和所述第二光束的波长可以相同,也可以不同。第一信号接收装置,用于分时接收所述生命体反射的第一信号和第二信号,所述第一信号接收装置可以是一个光电传感器,所述第一信号与所述第一光束相关,所述第二信号与所述第二光束相关,所述第一信号不同于所述第二信号。可选地,所述第一信号与所述第二信号生命体征信息与噪声信息的比例不同。所述第一信号源,第二信号源和第一信号接收装置可以位于一条直线上,也可以距离所述生命体表面上方不同的距离。
可选地,所述生命体表面可以是生命体的特定组织或部位,例如但不限于皮肤。
可选地,所述第一光束和所述第二光束入射到皮肤表面,可以直接被皮肤角质层与外表形成的界面反射,发出反射光,所述反射光可以包括运动信息。也可以被皮肤表面折射后依次进入皮肤组织的表皮和真皮,被皮肤组织散射和吸收,发出散射光,所述散射光可以包括运动信息和生命体征。所述生命体反射的第一信号和/或第二信号可以包括皮肤表面的反射光和 被皮肤组织散射的散射光。
可选地,所述第一信号可以包括PPG信号,进一步可选地,所述第二信号可以包括由所述生命体运动产生的噪声信息。
可选地,所述第一信号源到所述第一信号接收装置的距离可以大于所述第二信号源到所述第一信号接收装置的距离,所述第一信号源到所述生命体表面的距离可以小于所述第二信号源到所述生命体表面的距离,所述距离的不同可以使光子深入到皮肤组织的平均深度不同,可以使第一信号和第二信号所携带的生命体征分量的比例大小不同。
可选地,所述设备可以包括一个光学元件,位于所述第二信号源和所述生命体之间,用来改变第二信号的传播方向,也可以位于所述第一信号源和所述生命体之间,用来改变第一信号的传播方向,可选的,所述设备可以包括至少两个光学元件,可以分别位于所述第二信号源和所述生命体之间以及第一信号源和所述生命体之间。所述两个或两个以上光学元件可以相同,也可以不同。进一步可选地,所述元件可以是一个透镜或一个光导,可以用来改变所述第二信号源或者所述第一信号源发出的光束的方向,使得光线与皮肤呈一定的夹角,所述透镜类型包括但不限于凹透镜,凸透镜,平凸透镜,平凹透镜,凹凸透镜。
可选地,所述第一光束和/或第二光束为偏振光,所述偏振光可以由第一信号源和/或第二信号源直接产生,也可以由第一信号源和特定光学元件组合产生和/或第二信号源和特定光学元件组合产生。
可选地,所述设备可以包括偏振装置,可以包括第一偏振装置,位于所述第一信号接收装置和所述生命体之间,也可以包括第二偏振装置,位于所述第二信号源和所述生命体之间,还可以包括第三偏振装置,位于所述第一信号源和所述生命体之间,进一步可选地,所述偏振装置可以是偏振器,用来产生线偏振光,所述偏振器的偏振方向可以相同,也可以不同,可选的,不同偏振方向之间相互垂直。当入射光是满足一定条件的线偏振光时,皮肤表面反射光仍可以是线偏振光,后向散射光可以是非偏振光,调节所述偏振器的偏振方向,可以使第一信号和/或第二信号包含不同比例的反射光和后向散射光,所述第一信号和所述第二信号所携带的生命体征分量的比例大小不同。
可选地,所述设备可以包括一个或者多个分束器,用于将生命体的反射信号分解成两个部分,可以分别是分束器的反射光和分束器的透射光,分束器反射与透射的分量相等,所述分束器可以使所述第一光束和所述第二光束都入射在生命体表面的同一区域上,从而提高了相关度,进一步优选地,所述分束器为偏振分束器,用于将光分解成不同偏振方向的偏振光,所述偏振分束器自带偏振器,可以减少传感器中偏振器使用的数量。
可选地,所述第一信号装置位于所述第一光束的法线附近,所述第一信号接收装置接收到 的后向散射光强度较大。进一步优选地,所述第一信号装置位于所述第一光束的法线方向,所述第一信号接收装置接收到的后向散射光强度最大。
可选地,所述设备可以包括一个处理模块,所述处理模块可以根据所述第一信号和所述第二信号获取生命体征信息,例如但不限于心率信息,所述处理模块可以包括但不限于噪声消除、信号解析和信号表征等功能。
同时,本发明提供一种生命体征获取的方法。所述方法包括:发射第一束光到一生命体表面。采集所述生命体反射的第一信号,可以使用光电传感器接收所述第一信号。采集所述生命体反射的第二信号,可以使用光电传感器接收所述第二信号。采集所述第一信号和所述第二信号的光电探测器可以是相同的,也可以是不同的。所述第一信号和所述第二信号与第一束光相关,所述第一信号与所述第二信号不同。可选地,所述第一信号与所述第二信号生命体征信息与噪声信息的比例不同。
可选地,所述生命体表面可以是生命体的特定组织或部位,例如但不限于皮肤。
可选地,所述第一光束入射到皮肤表面,可以直接被皮肤角质层与外表形成的界面反射,发出反射光,所述反射光可以包括运动信息,也可以被皮肤表面折射后依次进入皮肤组织的表皮和真皮,被皮肤组织散射和吸收,发出散射光,所述散射光可以包括运动信息和生命体征。所述生命体反射的第一信号和/或第二信号可以包括皮肤表面的反射光和被皮肤组织散射的散射光。
可选地,所述第一信号可以包括PPG信号,也可以包括由所述生命体运动而产生的噪声信息。
可选地,所述第二信号在皮肤组织内部的传播距离大于所述第一信号在皮肤组织内部的传播距离,所述距离的不同可以使第一信号和第二信号所携带的生命体征信息和噪声信息比例不同。
可选地,所述方法可以使用一个光学元件,位于第一信号源和所述生命体之间,用来改变第一信号的传播方向,也可以位于第二信号源和所述生命体之间,用来改变第二信号的传播方向,可选的,所述方法可以使用至少两个光学元件,可以分别位于第一信号源和所述生命体之间以及第二信号源和所述生命体之间。所述两个或两个以上光学元件可以相同,也可以不同。进一步可选地,所述元件可以是一个透镜或一个光导,可以用来改变所述第一信号和第二信号的方向,使得信号与皮肤呈一定的夹角,所述透镜类型包括但不限于凹透镜,凸透镜,平凸透镜,平凹透镜,凹凸透镜。
可选地,所述第一信号和/或第二信号是偏振光,所述偏振光可以由第一信号源和/或第二信号源直接产生,也可以由第一信号源和特定光学元件组合产生和/或第二信号源和特定光学 元件组合产生。
可选地,所述设备可以包括偏振装置,可以包括第一偏振装置,所述第一偏振装置可以使所述第一信号具有偏振性,也可以包括第二偏振装置,所述第二偏振装置可以使所述第二信号具有偏振性,进一步可选地,所述偏振装置可以是偏振器,用来产生线偏振光,所述偏振器的偏振方向可以相同,也可以不同,可选的,不同偏振方向之间相互垂直,当入射光是满足一定条件的线偏振光时,皮肤表面反射光仍可以是线偏振光,后向散射光可以是非偏振光,调节所述偏振器的偏振方向,可以使第一信号和/或第二信号所携带的生命体征分量的比例大小不同。
可选地,可以根据所述第一信号和所述第二信号获取生命体征信息,例如但不限于心率信息,可以直接将所述第一信号和所述第二信号作为输入信号,也可以将所述第一信号和所述第二信号处理后作为输入信号,应用自适应噪声消除算法来获取心率。
附图说明
图1所示是生命体征信号检测系统的一种应用示例图。
图2所示是本发明的一个实施例中测量设备的结构示意图。
图3所示是本发明的一个实施例中测量设备的工作流程图。
图4所示是本发明的一个实施例中采集模块的结构示意图。
图5所示是本发明的一个实施例中采集模块的工作流程图。
图6所示是本发明的一个实施例中处理模块的结构示意图。
图7所示是本发明的一个实施例中处理模块的工作流程图。
图8是本发明的一个实施例中采用的自适应滤波法的噪声消除示意图。
图9是一个实施例中人体的皮肤组织的分层结构图和光学模型图。
图10是一种利用光源与探测器位置差异的传感器的结构示意图。
图11是一种利用透镜来改变光传播方向的传感器的结构示意图。
图12是一种利用光源偏振特性的传感器的结构示意图。
图13是表面反射光和后向散射光与接收角度的关系示意图。
图14-27是本发明的若干实施例中生命体征信号测量装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本说明书涉及的生命体征检测装置和方法可适用于多种领域,包括但不限于医疗诊断(如 心脏病、血液病、呼吸系统疾病等)、医疗护理(如重症病人监护、初生儿监护等)、运动监测(如长跑、短跑、游泳、骑马等)、健康监测(如体弱个人的健康监测)、动物保护(如珍稀野生动物的跟踪保护、宠物的保养护理)、减脂塑形(如超重人群的减肥、健美运动员的塑形)等。
以上对适用领域的描述仅仅是具体的示例,不应被视为是唯一可行的实施方案。显然,对于本领域的专业人员来说,在了解此种基于生命体征获取方法与系统的基本原理后,可能在不背离这一原理的情况下,对实施上述方法和系统的应用领域形式和细节上的各种修正和改变,但是这些修正和改变仍在以上描述的范围之内。
本说明书涉及的生命体征信号检测装置可以采集生命体的生命体征信号,例如脉搏、血压、血氧、心率、体温、HRV、BPV、脑电波、人体发出的超低频电波、呼吸、肌肉骨骼状态、血糖、血脂、血液浓度、血小板含量、身高、体重等物理和化学信息,并将该信号进行处理后传送到服务器或终端。该生命体征信号检测装置还可以结合外部数据源提供的历史数据和实时测得的生命体征信号数据,得出恰当的运动建议,并以合适的表征方式进行表征。该生命体征信号检测装置可以发射光来辐照生命体,采集经生命体反射和散射后的光信号,在经过处理后可以得到生命体的生命体征信号。生命体本身的运动/震动会给测得的生命体征信号带来噪声,考虑获得多个生命体征信号,并根据不同信号间的差别,以特定算法,获得去除噪声后的生命体征信号。例如,该生命体征信号检测装置可以采集两路或两路以上的信号,进行相应的去噪处理后得到较为精确的生命体征信号。
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍。显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图将本发明应用于其它类似情景。除非从语言环境中显而易见或另做说明,图中相同标号代表相同结构和操作。
如本说明书和权利要求书中所示,除非上下文明确提示例外情形,“一”、“一个”、“一种”和/或“该”等词并非特指单数,也可包括复数。一般说来,术语“包括”与“包含”仅提示包括已明确标识的步骤和元素,而这些步骤和元素不构成一个排它性的罗列,方法或者设备也可能包含其它的步骤或元素。
图1所示是生命体征信号检测系统的一种应用示例图。生命体征信号检测系统的应用可以包括检测生命体的生命体征信号、进行后续处理得到相应的体征参数、存储和显示体征参数等。生命体征信号检测应用系统可以包括但不限于测量设备101、终端设备102、网络103、外部数据源104和服务器105。测量设备101、终端设备102、外部数据源104和服务器105均可以通过网络103进行直接或间接和双向的通信。
测量设备101可以主要用来检测并采集生命体的生命体征信号,例如,设备可以采集用户在运动过程中的生命体征信号。测量设备101可以是医疗检测设备,可以是家用检测设备,可以是手持式设备,也可以是可穿戴式设备。例如,医疗检测设备可以包括但不限于血压测量设备、脉搏测量设备、心电监护设备等。家用检测设备可以包括但不限于家用血压计、家用脉搏计、家用心电检测仪等。手持式设备可以包括但不限于手持脉搏血氧仪、手持心率仪、具有心率测量功能的运动器材,如球、球拍、球杆、船桨、跑步机、单车等。可穿戴设备可以包括但不限于手表、眼镜、耳机、腕带、腰带、肩带、戒指、项链等。以上仅仅是对测量设备101可能的形态做描述,并不限定其适用范围。测量设备101还可能是其他形态的,如鼠标、全球定位系统(Global Position System,GPS)、床垫等等。
终端设备102可以主要用来显示信息。终端设备102可以是个人电脑,可以是智能电视,可以是可视电话,可以是移动设备,如手机、平板电脑、智能手表等,也可以是具有显示功能的其他设备,如心电监测仪、运动记录仪等。终端设备102可以是本地的(如智能手表可以是测量设备,同时又有显示屏可做终端设备),可以是远程的。终端设备102显示信息的方式可以包括但不限于数字式、图形式、曲线式、语言播报等方式。终端设备102的信息显示可以是实时的,也可以是非实时的。以上仅仅是对终端设备102可能的形态做描述,并不限定其适用范围。在一些实施例中,测量设备101可以和终端设备102是同一个设备,同时具有采集、处理信息和显示信息的功能。
网络103可以用来实现测量设备101、终端设备102、外部数据源104和服务器105之间的通信。网络103可以是单一网络,也可以是多种网络的混合。网络103可以是局域网,可以是广域网,可以是个人网。网络103可以是无线网,也可以是有线网(如电话网络,电视网络等)。网络103可以包括多种网络接入点,如有线或无线接入点、基站或网络交换点等。以上仅仅是对网络103可能的形态做描述,并不限定其适用范围。在一些实施例中,测量设备101、终端设备102、外部数据源104和服务器105之间的通信可以是有线的,也可以是无线的,或者一部分设备之间是有线的方式进行连接的,一部分设备之间是无线的方式进行连接的。
外部数据源104可以主要用来提供各种外部数据。外部数据是指与测量设备101检测采集的数据具有相关性的其他信息。外部数据可以是个体识别信息,例如姓名,识别号,联系方式,地址,教育背景,宗教信仰,紧急联系人等有助于个体识别的信息。外部数据可以是个体医疗记录信息,例如疾病治疗记录,用药记录,体检记录等有关个体的医疗记录。外部数据可以是个体健康记录信息,例如心率记录,血压记录,体重记录,体脂率记录等可以反映个体健康历史的记录。外部数据可以是个体生活记录信息如早餐成分,饮水量,水果食用 量,肉类食用量等。外部数据可以是针对特定目标群的各种统计信息,例如本行政区域内儿童的平均身高,新生儿的平均体重,孕妇的平均生育年龄等。外部数据还可以是各种先验型的说明资料(如教科书、论文、医疗产品说明书、药品使用说明书等)。外部数据源104可以是医院的资料库、宠物医院的宠物档案库、动物保护组织的动物信息库等各种数据库,可以是个人电脑,可以是手机,还可以是图书馆。上述提及的个体可以包括但不限于个人、宠物、珍稀动物、实验用动物等,泛指一切具有生命体征的个体。以上仅仅是对外部数据源104可能的类型做描述,并不限定其适用范围。例如,外部数据可以包括与用户具有一定相似性的群体的生命体征信息,这里所说的一定相似性可以包括性别、肤色、年龄、身高、体重、健康状况、医疗记录等。
服务器105可以主要用来存储信息。服务器105可以是本地存储器,可以是云存储器,包括但不限于私有云和公有云。服务器105可以是服务器105存储的信息可以是测量设备101传送的生命体征信息,可以是终端102发送的处理后的信息,可以是外部数据源104发送的个体记录信息。上述对服务器105的描述仅仅是可能的一些实施例,并不限定其范围。在一些实施例中,服务器105可以与终端设备102集成在一起,也可以实现外部数据源104的功能。
测量设备101采集到信息后,可以通过网络103传递给终端102、外部数据源104和服务器105进行相应的后续加工也可以接收来自终端102、外部数据源104和服务器105的各种指令信息从而进行相应的信息采集和传送。终端设备102可以接收测量设备101采集的信息,可以向外部数据源104发送请求信息,以外部数据源104发送的参考信息结合采集到的信息,进行数据处理后以合适的方式显示该信息,也可以将处理后信息发送给服务器105进行存储。例如,测量设备101是具有心率检测功能的耳机,该耳机采集到某运动员在跑步运动中的心率信号并发送给服务器105,例如个人电脑,服务器105发送请求信息给数据源104,请求发送该个人在某段时期内跑步中的心率历史数据、跑步时间长度、跑步步伐大小等相关的数据。服务器105对采集到的数据进行处理,并结合历史数据得到运动建议,如维持目前的速度、加快速度等,并发送给终端102,例如教练的平板电脑和耳机,该耳机将运动建议语音播报给运动员。
图2所示是本发明的一个实施例中测量设备的结构示意图。测量设备101可以主要包括但不限于一个执行模块200、一个控制模块205、以及一个供能模块206。执行模块200可以进一步包括但不限于一个采集模块201、一个处理模块202、一个存储模块203、一个输出模块204。执行模块200可以主要用来执行采集、处理、存储和输出操作。控制模块205可以主要用来控制执行模块200的操作,可以控制供能模块206的开启与关闭。供能模块206可以 主要用来为执行模块200和控制模块206提供能源供应。执行模块200、控制模块205和供能模块206之间可以双向通信。
执行模块200的采集模块201可以主要用来检测和采集生命体的生命体征信号。采集模块201采集的信号可以是通过光电手段来采集的,如光电容积描记法(PPG),也可以是通过其他方式采集的。采集方式可以是连续采集的,也可以是间隔采集的。采集的信号可以是单一的,也可以是多种信号复合的。处理模块202可以主要用来处理信号。处理模块202对信号的处理可以包括但不限于噪声消除、信号解析及信号表征中的一种或几种。处理模块202可以处理采集模块201采集的信息,也可以处理存储模块203中存储的信息。处理模块202不是必须的,可以是被包含在图1的服务器105或终端102中。存储模块203可以主要用来存储信息。存储模块203可以是利用电能方式存储信息的(例如RAM、ROM等),可以是利用磁能方式存储信息的(例如硬盘、软盘、磁带、U盘等),可以是利用电光方式存储的(如CD、DVD),可以是利用磁光方式存储的(如磁光盘),还可以是利用其他物理方式存储的(如利用纸张存储)。存储模块203可以存储采集模块201采集的信息,还可以存储处理模块202处理后的信息。存储模块203不是必须的,可以由图1的服务器105或终端102来实现存储功能。输出模块204可以主要用来完成信息输出,可以输出采集模块201采集的信息,也可以输出处理模块202处理后的信息,也可以输出存储模块203存储的信息。输出模块204可以将上述信息通过网络103传递给服务器105、终端102或外部数据源104。输出模块204输出的信号形式可以是数字、图形、语音、视频、音频等形式。输出可以是实时的,也可以是非实时的,可以是测量设备101主动输出的,也可以是由其他外部设备发送请求信息后输出的。输出模块204可以支持有线通信标准,如电话、电视等,也可以支持无线通信标准如蓝牙、红外、RF、IEEE802.11等。
控制模块205可以主要用来完成测量设备101的各种控制工作。控制模块205可以控制采集模块201的采集频率、采集时间、采集方式等,还可以控制处理模块202的处理方法,还可以控制存储模块203的存储与否,还可以控制输出模块204的输出时间、输出形式等,还可以控制供能模块206的开启与关闭,如机械控制、电控制等。其他设备如服务器105、外部数据源104、终端设备102与测量设备101间的请求、命令信息的通信可以由控制模块205完成。供能模块206可以主要用来负责测量设备101的能源供应。供能模块206泛指一切可以提供能源供应的设备。供能模块206可以是燃料电池、干电池、蓄电池、太阳电池、温差电池、生物能电池等。供能模块206可以包括充电接口,如microUSB、miniUSB、Lighting等接口。
图3所示是本发明的一个实施例中测量设备的工作流程图。步骤301,生命体征信号被采 集。采集的信号可以是来自对生命体的直接测量所得的信号,如利用PPG方法测得的信号(也被称为PPG信号)。采集的信号也可以是通过网络103来自外部数据源104的外部数据,如个人识别信息、个人健康记录、个人生活记录等。采集的信号还可以是通过网络103来自服务器105的信息,如上传到服务器105的历史信息等。步骤301可以由采集模块201完成。步骤302,采集的信号被分析处理。进行分析处理的信号可以是步骤301中采集的信号,也可以是向存储模块203发送请求后存储模块203发送的信号。信号的分析处理可以包括但不限于噪声去除、信号解析、信号表征。步骤302可以由处理模块202完成。步骤303,信息被存储。被存储的信息可以是步骤301中采集的信号,也可以是步骤302分析处理后的信号。步骤303可以由存储模块203完成。步骤304,信号被输出。输出的信号可以是采集模块201采集的信号,也可以是处理模块302处理后的信号,也可以是存储模块203存储的信号。步骤304可以由输出模块204完成。
图4所示是本发明的一个实施例中采集模块201的结构示意图。采集模块201可以主要用于采集所需信号。采集模块201可以包括但不限于一个发光原件401、一个光敏元件402、一个驱动电路403、一个信号放大器404、以及一个A/D转换器405。发光元件401可以产生光辐射到生命体上。发光元件401可以是热辐射光源,也可以是激发辐射光源,如发光二极管(LED)。发光元件401发出的光可以是单一波长的,也可以是不同波长的光,可以是偏振态的,也可以是非偏振态的。发光元件401的发光时间可以是固定的,也可以是具有固定间隔的。光敏元件402可以用来检测经过生命体反射和散射后的光,并将探测到的光信号转变为电信号。光敏元件402可以是光导型器件,如光敏电阻,还可以是光伏型器件,如光电二极管、光电三极管、光电场效应管等,还可以是光电探测器。驱动电路403可以用来驱动发光元件401发光。信号放大器404可以将光敏元件402传递的电信号进行放大处理。A/D转换器405可以将采集到的电信号进行模数转换(A/D转换)。
图5所示是本发明的一个实施例中采集模块201的工作流程图。步骤501,采集所需的信号。步骤501可以由发光元件401和光敏元件402共同完成。发光元件401可先产生参数指定的光,该参数可以是光的波长、光强、相位、偏振态等。光照射到生命体,生命体会产生反射、吸收和散射。光敏元件402可以检测到反射和散射后的光,并将光信号转换为电信号。步骤502,采集到的信号根据需要被放大。在一些实施例中,采集到的信号不需要放大,则可以不执行步骤502。步骤502可以由信号放大器404完成。步骤503,放大后的信号进行A/D转换。采集到的是模拟信号,处理模块202后续的处理和存储模块203的存储都需要是数字信号,因此进行模数转换,得到数字信号。步骤503可以由A/D转换器405完成。步骤504,信号被输出。输出的信号可以被输出到处理模块202进行后续处理,可以输出到存储模块203 进行存储,还可以输出到输出模块204进而传送给服务器105、终端102或外部数据源104。
图6所示是本发明的一个实施例中处理模块202的结构示意图。处理模块202可以主要用于对信号的分析处理。处理模块202可以包括但不限于一个噪声消除单元601、一个功能配置单元602、一个信号解析单元603、以及一个信号表征单元604。噪声消除单元601可以对采集模块201采集到的信息进行噪声去除。采集模块201采集的信号可以是两路具有相关性的信号,需要对两路信号进行噪声去除,去除与心率无关的信号,如人体运动时的运动或震动信号。功能配置单元602可以进行功能配置,可配置的功能包括但不限于将心率检测、运动信号检测、健康信号检测等。信号解析单元603可以对信号进行解析。采集模块201传送的是电信号,对电信号进行一定的解析后,可以得到所需的生命体征信号。信号解析单元603根据功能配置的不同,可以配置为将电信号解析为脉搏信号、心率信号、氧气消耗量信号、脂肪消耗量信号等。信号表征单元604可以将解析后的信号进行表征。表征方式可以包括但不限于数字表征、曲线表征、图形表征、实时语音表征、视频表征等。
图7所示是本发明的一个实施例中处理模块202的工作流程图。步骤701,采集到的信号被进行噪声去除,得到所需的电信号。噪声去除处理可以包括但不限于单一参数去除法、多参数去除法、小波分析、傅里叶变换、自适应滤波法等方法。步骤701可以由噪声消除单元601完成。步骤702,进行功能配置,选择处理模块202要实现的处理功能。步骤702可以由功能配置单元602完成。步骤703,电信号根据功能配置的不同,被解析为不同的信号。步骤703可以由信号解析单元603完成。步骤704,信号根据不同的表征需求被表征为不同形式信号。704步骤可以由信号表征单元604完成。步骤701、步骤702、步骤703和步骤704的执行可以是顺序进行的,也可以是先执行步骤702,完成功能配置后,再顺序执行步骤701、步骤703和步骤704。
在检测生命体征时,身体的运动可能对信号的采集产生很大的干扰,使得所采集的信号中含有一定的噪声。去除噪声的方法有很多,例如,可以采用单一参数方法,通过特定接收信号处理的算法对采集的单一信号进行修正,也可以采用多参数方法,即采集多个接收信号,以其中一个或多个接收信号作为参考信号,通过特定的算法来实现噪声的消除。在一些实施例中,一种自适应噪声消除的实施方式如图8所示。S1和S2是输入信号,Adaptive Filter是一种可以对信号进行调节或修正的滤波器,混合器可以对输入信号进行比较运算,最终输出信号
Figure PCTCN2016100425-appb-000001
该过程可以表示为:
Figure PCTCN2016100425-appb-000002
其中,w表示滤波器的系数,可以依据输出信号
Figure PCTCN2016100425-appb-000003
自动调整。在一个实施例中,S1中可以含有生命体征信息和噪声信息,S2可以含有噪声信息但不含有生命体征信息。在另一种实施例 中,S1中可以含有生命体征信息和噪声信息,S2中也含有生命体征信息和噪声的信息,S1和S2中生命体征信息与噪声信息的比例不同,根据反馈求解出合适的滤波器系数w可以获得所需的信号。
这里提到的输入信号可以包含不同类型的信号。例如,输入信号可以包括光信号、电信号、磁信号、声音信号、温度信号、位移信号,或者类似的,或者其中多种的组合。输入信号可以是接收端接收的信号(例如,接收端接收的光信号、电信号、磁信号、声音信号、温度信号和/或位移信号等),也可以是接收端接收的信号经过一定处理后获得的信号(例如,接收端接收的光信号、电信号、磁信号、声音信号、温度信号和/或位移信号后转换成的光信号、电信号、磁信号、声音信号、温度信号和/或位移信号等)。接收端可以是不同类型的传感器,可以包括但不限于光电传感器、位移传感器、加速度传感器、震动传感器、力学传感器、温度传感器、气压传感器等。其中光电传感器的类型包括但不限于漫反射型光电传感器、对射型光电传感器、距离型光电传感器、槽形光电传感器、光纤光电传感器等。
需要注意的是,以上对自适应噪声消除的实施方式仅仅只是本发明所使用的一个实施例,本领域的技术人员可以根据相关原理,在了解生命信号采集和噪声消除的基本原理后,可能在不背离这一原理的情况下,对上述实施方式进行形式和细节上的修正和改变,但这些修正和改变仍在以上描述的范围之内。例如,输入信号可以不限于S1和S2,可以包含两路以上的输入信号,每个输入信号可以来自一个或多个传感器的信号。滤波器的系数w可以是根据输出信号的负向反馈获得,也可以根据其他输入信号的前向反馈获得,更进一步的,可以根据部分输出信号的负向反馈和部分输入信号的前向反馈共同获得。滤波器的系数w可以是系统计算获得,也可以由用户设定,也可以是从外部设备或装置中通过有线或无线的方式获得或由其它方式获得。例如,在一天中,人体的生命体征在不同的时间段的表现不同,可以在一天中不同时间段选择对应的滤波器系数w,也可以在不同的日期、月份或季节中设定对应的参数w。
输入信号S1和S2可以分别是含有生命体征信息和噪声信息的光信号。光在介质(例如,生命体)中进行传播后,接收的光能够携带该层介质层的信息。当一束光照射到某种介质(固体、液体或气体)时,一部分光可能会被该介质反射,一部分光可能会穿透该介质或者被该介质吸收。光的反射、吸收、透射等取决于光传播路径上介质的属性。以人体皮肤组织为例,如图9所示,人体皮肤组织由表皮、真皮、皮下组织及皮肤附属器构成。表皮不含血管,表皮的厚度因其所处部位的不同而发生变化,大部分表皮的厚度在100μm左右。真皮位于表皮和皮下组织之间,主要由结缔组织构成,由外向内分为乳头层和网状层。乳头层含有丰富的毛细血管。网状层含有许多大血管,其主要位于真皮层底部。由多层不同结构构成的人体皮 肤组织,其光学性质相当于具有高散射性的混沌介质。当某个波长的光照射在人体皮肤上,一部分光会被皮肤表面反射,得到镜面反射光。另一部分光会被皮肤表面折射后依次进入皮肤组织的表皮与真皮,并被皮肤组织散射与吸收,最后逸出皮肤表面,得到后向散射光。根据散射理论,后向散射光可以包括弹道光子、蛇形光子和漫射光子。其中,弹道光子和蛇行光子在皮肤组织中只经过少量的散射和吸收后返回到皮肤表面,这一部分散射光穿透深度较浅,通常没有到达真皮层,几乎不携带皮肤内部组织结构信息。漫射光子在皮肤中经过多次散射后才重新返回皮肤表面,这一部分散射光通常穿过了真皮层,携带了皮肤内部组织结构的信息,例如,真皮层中大血管血流量的增减。当具有偏振性的光照射在人体皮肤上,镜面反射光具有相同的偏振性。散射次数较少的弹道光子和蛇形光子具有相同的偏振性,而散射次数较多的漫射光子不具有偏振性。在本说明书中,散射次数较少的弹道光子和蛇形光子称为少次后向散射光,散射次数较多的漫射光子称为多次后向散射光,镜面反射光和少次后向散射光统称为浅表反射光。本说明书中所说的生命体(例如皮肤)反射的信号可以包括生命体(例如皮肤)表面反射光,也可以包括被生命体(例如皮肤)组织散射的散射光,也可以同时包含皮肤表面反射光和被皮肤组织散射的散射光。在一些实施例中,光信号的发射和接收可以由PPG传感器来实现,PPG传感器可以包括一定数量的光源与光探测器。当某个波长的光通过生物组织时,人体组织(皮肤、脂肪、血液、肌肉等)将对光产生散射和吸收,使检测到的光强衰减。当透光区域存在动脉血管搏动或者静脉血管的充盈时,随着血流量的增减,血液对光的吸收量将发生变化。贴近皮肤的光探测器可以检测到这种变化:血管充盈时,血液对光的吸收量最大,探测器检测到的出射光强度最小,而血管收缩时,血液对光的吸收量最小,探测器检测到的出射光强度最大。所以,PPG传感器可以描记出血管内容积变化形成的波动信号,从而获得与生命体征有关的信息(例如但不限于脉搏波、心率、血压等)。根据公式(1)所描述的去除噪声的实施方式,脉搏波的测量可以通过一个或多个PPG传感器获得不同的输入信号实现。例如,可以使输入的S1信号中含有PPG信号,S2信号中不含有PPG信号。再例如,可以使输入的S1信号中含有的PPG信号与噪声信号的比例不同于S2信号中含有的PPG信号与噪声信号的比例。
以上对PPG信号的检测仅给出了一种测试脉搏波的示例,并不代表唯一方式。显然,本领域的普通技术人员可以在不背离相关原理的情况下,对以上示例进行形式和内容上的改进,这些改进仍然在以上描述的范围内。例如,对生命体征的检测不限于脉搏波,还可以包括血压、血氧饱和度、心率变异性、心脏杂音等一种或多种的组合。输入信号中包含的生命体征信息包括但不限于生命体各项生理参数的测定,例如但不限于身高、体重、肺活量、心脏跳动参数、血糖含量、血液黏性测量、血管舒张压、血管收缩压、血液流动参数测定、PPG信 号波峰波谷、ECG信号波峰波谷、脉搏率、心率、血脂含量、血管张力、皮肤张力、脑电波频率、肠胃蠕动性、肝胆器官形态、消化道黏膜参数、抗体含量、生物酶含量等中的一种或多种。
改变信号采集的方式,例如但不限于改变信号采集装置的构型,可以获得含有不同生命体征信息和噪声信息的输入信号S1和S2。在一些实施例中,输入信号S1和S2与光深入皮肤的组织结构深度有关。例如,如果光深入皮肤的深度较深,透光区域可能存在血管,则输入信号中可以含有PPG信号,如果光深入皮肤的深度较浅,透光区域可能不存在血管,则输入信号中可能不含有PPG信号,或者输入信号中PPG信号所占比较很小。根据皮肤的组织结构及光学模型,光子深入组织的平均深度与光源到探测器距离有关。例如,当光源与探测器距离较近时,光子深入组织的平均深度较浅,携带的深层介质的信息较少,而光源与探测器距离较远时,光子深入组织的平均深度较深,携带的深层介质的信息较多。在皮肤组织中,光子深入组织的平均深度越深,则探测到的生命体征信息(例如,PPG信号)越多。利用光源与探测器位置的差异,可以获取带有不同比例的脉搏波分量的信号。
图10所示是一种利用光源与探测器位置差异的传感器的结构示意图。传感器可以包含一个光探测器和两个光源。光探测器可以是指能够接收一定波长的光信号,并读取光信号的信息的装置,例如光电传感器。这里所说的光源可以只含有单一波长的光,也可以是含有一定波长范围的光,例如一种光源的波长可以是700nm或其它单一波长,也可以是600nm-700nm或其它波长范围。这里所说的光可以是在可见光范围内的光,例如但不限于红光、黄光、蓝光、绿光、紫光等,也可以是非可见光,例如,红外、紫外等。光探测器与光源1和光源2可以均紧贴皮肤,优选地,光探测器与光源1和光源2可以位于一条直线上。光源1和光源2可以位于光探测器的同一侧,优选地,光源1与光探测器的距离较远,光源2与光探测器的距离较近。光源1与光探测器的距离大于光源2到光探测器的距离。工作时,光源1和光源2可以交替发出光束,也可以同时发出光束。光源1和光源2的强度是可以调节的,例如可以根据环境亮度及外界光线强度的大小来自动的对光源强度进行调节,也可以是根据光探测器所接收的光信号的强度大小来反馈的调节光源强度的大小,也可以根据外界输入进行调节。光源1和光源2的发光波长可以相同,也可以不同。两个光源发出的光束到达皮肤后,由于光源1和光源2到光探测器的距离不同,光源1和光源2所发出的光束深入到皮肤组织的平均深度不同,所携带的生命体征(例如,脉搏波)分量的信号(例如PPG信号)的比例大小也是不同。例如,光源1与光探测器的距离较远,则光源1所发出的光束深入到皮肤组织的平均深度较大,光源1所发出的光束经皮肤作用后所散射出的光信号携带的生命体征(例如,脉搏波)分量信号的比例较大。光源2与光探测器的距离较近,则光源2所发出的光束深入 到皮肤组织的平均深度较小,光源2所发出的光束经皮肤作用后所散射出的光信号携带的脉搏波分量信号的比例较小。携带运动信息和不同比例的生命体征信息的光束被光探测器所接收,接收的信号为光电信号1和光电信号2,分别标记为I1和I2,接收的光电信号1和光电信号2可以直接作为图8中的输入信号S1和S2,也可以在经过一定处理和转换后作为输入信号S1和S2
以上的描述仅仅是本发明的具体实施例,本发明的保护范围并不仅限于以上所描述的实施情况。对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以在不付出创造性劳动的情况下,对上面所描述的实施情况做一些修正和变动,这些修正和变动也是属于本发明所保护的范围。
例如,传感器的组成元件可以包括一个光探测器和两个光源,两个光探测器和一个光源,两个光探测器和两个光源(例如,光源1和光探测器1构成传感器1,光源2和光探测器2构成传感器2),以及任意数量的光探测器和光源的组合。
再例如,传感器的组成元件和皮肤之间的距离不限于均紧贴皮肤表面,均位于皮肤上方一段距离,一个或者多个光源和一个或者多个探测器位于皮肤上方一段距离。不同光源之间或不同光探测器之间或不同光源和不同探测器之间位于皮肤上方的距离是可以相同的,也可以是不同的。当一个或者多个或者全部传感器组成元件位于皮肤上方一段距离时,优选地,传感器组成元件与皮肤之间的距离可为2-10mm,更优选地,传感器组成元件与皮肤之间的径直距离可为7mm。
再例如,当组成元件为两个探测器和一个光源的时候,光源与光探测器1的距离可大于光源与光探测器2的距离,优选地,光源与光探测器1的距离大于5mm,与光探测器2的距离小于5mm,更优选地,光源与光探测器1的距离大于8mm。当组成元件为两个光探测器和两个光源的时候,光源1与光探测器1的距离可大于光源2与光探测器2的距离,优选地,光源1与光探测器1的距离大于5mm,光源2与光探测器2的距离小于5mm,更优选地,光源1与光探测器1的距离大于8mm。
再例如,光探测器和光源之间的相对位置可以是不同的。例如,当组成元件为一个光探测器和两个光源的时候,两个光源可以同时位于探测器的一侧,两个光源也可以分别位于探测器的两侧。当组成元件为两个探测器和一个光源的时候,光探测器和光源之间的相对位置可以是两个探测器位于光源的一侧,也可以是两个探测器位于光源的两侧。当组成元件为两个光探测器和两个光源的时候,光探测器和光源之间的相对位置可以是光探测器1和光探测器2位于两个光源的之间,也可以是光探测器1和光探测器2分别位于两个光源的两侧,光探测器1和光探测器2同时位于两个光源的一侧,也可以是光探测器1位于两个光源的一侧,光探测器2位于两个光源之间。当组成元件为任意数量的光探测器和光源时,光源和光探测 器的相对位置可以依据实际需要来确定。
以上所列举的示例仅仅本发明中图10所描述的一个实施例,本发明所保护的范围并不仅限于以上所列举的替代方案。对于本领域普通技术人员来说,可以在不付出创造性劳动的情况下,对上面所列举的替代方案进行组合,这些替代方案的组合也属于本发明的保护范围。
通过改变光进入或离开皮肤的角度同样可以改变光子深入皮肤组织的平均距离,从而获得表征不同生命体征信号的输入信号S1和S2。图11所示是本发明中一种利用透镜来改变光传播方向的传感器的结构示意图。传感器可以包含一个光探测器、两个光源和一个透镜。光源1可以均紧贴皮肤,光探测器可以位于皮肤上方一段距离处,光源2与皮肤之间可以有一个透镜,光源1和光源2可以位于光探测器的同一侧。透镜可以用来改变光源2发出的光束的方向,使得光线与皮肤呈一定的夹角,这里所说的夹角角度的大小可以是任意值,例如0°-180°,这里所说的透镜类型包括但不限于凹透镜,凸透镜,平凸透镜,平凹透镜,凹凸透镜,或者具有改变光的方向的其他装置,例如光导或具有一定形状的棱镜(例如但不限于三角棱镜)。光源1与光探测器的距离较远,光源2与光探测器的距离较近。两个光源和光探测器工作时,光源1和光源2可以交替发出光束,也可以同时发出光束。光源1和光源2的发光波长可以相同,也可以不同。两个光源发出的光束到达皮肤后,由于光源1和光源2到光探测器的距离不同,并且光进入皮肤的角度不同,导致光源1和光源2所发出的光束深入到皮肤组织的平均深度不同,所携带的生命体征的分量的比例大小是不同的。例如,光源1与光探测器的距离较远,并且光进入皮肤的入射角较大,则光源1所发出的光束深入到皮肤组织的深度大,光源1所发出的光束经皮肤作用后所散射出的光信号携带的脉搏波分量信号的比例大。光源2与光探测器的距离较近,并且光进入皮肤的入射角较小,则光源2所发出的光束深入到皮肤组织的深度小,光源2所发出的光束经皮肤作用后所散射出的光信号携带的脉搏波分量信号的比例小。这些携带了运动信息和不同比例的脉搏波信息的光束又被光探测器所接收,接收的信号为光电信号1和光电信号2,分别标记为I1和I2。将I1和I2可以分别作为待处理信号和参考信号,通过图8中所描述的自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。
以上的描述仅仅是本发明的具体实施例,本发明所保护的范围并不仅限于以上所描述的实施情况。对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以在不付出创造性劳动的情况下,对上面所描述的实施情况做一些修正和变动,这些修正和变动也是属于本发明所保护的范围。
例如,传感器元件中可以加入一个或多个透镜(或者其它可以改变光路方向的装置)。例如透镜(或其它类似的可以改变光路方向的装置)可以位于所有光探测器和皮肤之间,也可以位于部分光探测器和皮肤之间,可以位于所有光源和皮肤之间,也可以位于部分光源和皮肤之间,可以只位于光探测器和皮肤之间,也可以只位于光源和探测器之间。优选地,不同 的光探测器和皮肤之间,以及不同的光源和皮肤之间可以采用不同种类的透镜(或其它类似的可以改变光路方向的装置)。改变信号的采集方式,还可以通过光源的偏振特性来实现。光源辐照皮肤后,光在皮肤表面会发生反射,其余部分会透射进入组织内部,这一部分光将在组织发生散射或吸收事件。经过多次散射和吸收作用,其中部分光会以后向散射光形式重新逸出皮肤,该部分光成为后向散射光。这部分光携带了丰富的下层组织信息,与皮肤表面反射光混合在一起,共同构成反射信号。皮肤表面反射光和后向散射光具有不同的偏振特性。例如,若入射光为满足一定条件的线偏振光,则皮肤表面反射光仍为线偏振光,而进入组织的后向散射光由于经过了多次散射事件,基本丧失了偏振特性。因此利用皮肤表面反射光和后向散射光的不同偏振特性可以获得至少两路不同信号。
图12所示是本发明中一种利用光源偏振特性的传感器的结构示意图。传感器包含一个能产生线偏振光的光源和两个可以检测不同偏振特性的光的光探测器。该光源的线偏振的偏振化方向可以是与入射面垂直的方向,也可以是与入射面平行的方向,也可以是与入射面成一定角度的方向。光源与光探测器可以均与皮肤有一段距离,也可以均紧贴皮肤表面,两个探测器之间的距离很近。传感器工作时,光探测器1和光探测器2都在光源发光时采集信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。光电信号1和光电信号2中都包含了生命体的浅表反射光和多次后向散射光。当光源与光探测器均与皮肤有一段距离时,光探测器可以采集得到皮肤表面反射光、少次后向散射光和多次后向散射光。由于浅表反射光仍然为线偏振光,多次后向散射光为非偏振光,故光电信号1和光电信号2中包含的浅表反射光和多次后向散射光分量具有不同的特性。当光源与光探测器均紧贴皮肤表面时,光探测器可以采集得到少次后向散射光和多次后向散射光,而没有皮肤表面散射光。由于少次后向散射光仍然为线偏振光,多次后向散射光为非偏振光,故光电信号1和光电信号2中包含的少次后向散射光和多次后向散射光分量具有不同的特性。可以通过浅表反射光和多次后向散射光的不同特性计算得到浅表反射光和多次后向散射光的大小。根据计算得到的数值,通过自适应滤波算法可去除运动伪迹。以上的描述仅仅是本发明的具体实施例,本发明所保护的范围并不仅限于以上所描述的实施情况。对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以在不付出创造性劳动的情况下,对上面所描述的实施情况做一些修正和变动,这些修正和变动也是属于本发明所保护的范围。
例如,传感器的组成元件可以包括一个光探测器和两个光源,两个光探测器和一个光源,两个光探测器和两个光源(例如,光源1和光探测器1构成传感器1,光源2和光探测器2构成传感器2),或者其他任意数量的光探测器和光源的组合。
例如,利用光源偏振特性的传感器元件可以包括但不限于一个或者多个光源,一个或者多个光探测器。例如,可以采用能直接产生偏振光的光源(例如,激光),也可以通过在光源上 设置偏振片来产生偏振光。例如,可以在所有光探测器上设置偏振片,也可以在部分光探测器上设置偏振片,可以在不同探测器上设置相同的偏振片,也可以在不同的探测器上设置不同的偏振片(例如设置成偏振方向相互垂直的线偏振片)。可以在所有光源上设置偏振片,也可以在部分光源上设置偏振片,可以在不同光源上设置相同的偏振片,也可以在不同的光源上设置不同的偏振片(例如设置成偏振方向相互垂直的线偏振片)。偏振器的类型不限于线偏振,也可以包括圆偏振片,椭圆偏振片。
光探测器所采集的光信号中含有的生命体征的信息也会和光照射在生命体表面的角度有关。例如,皮肤表面反射光和后向散射光与接收角度有关。后向散射光的光强分布特性与入射角度无关,在各种不同的入射角的情况下,当接收角度为90°时,后向散射光能量达到最大值。由于折射率不同而发生的表面发射光的光强分布,其空间形状呈纺锤形,并在理论的镜面反射处达到能量的极大值,随着接收角度的进一步增大(或减小),都会导致接收能量的下降。如图13所示,皮肤表面反射光和后向散射光与接收角度的关系示意图。从图13可以看出,入射角不同,如0度、20度、40度时,后向散射光的光强在接收角度为90度附近时,相差不大。图14所示是一种利用皮肤表面反射光和后向散射光与接收角度间关系的传感器的结构示意图。传感器可以包含两个光探测器、一个光源。两个光探测器与光源可以均与皮肤表面有一段距离,两个探测器之间的距离可以很近,也可以有一段距离。以皮肤表面作为介质分界面,光源发出的光入射角可以为θ,θ的大小可以为0-90°。光探测器1可以位于入射光与法线确定的平面上的理论镜面反射处,光探测器1与入射点连线和法线的夹角也可以为θ。光探测器2可以位于入射光法线附近,即与入射光法线距离较近的区域。优选地,光探测器2与皮肤界面的夹角为60°-120°,更优选地,光探测器2与皮肤界面的夹角为80°-100°,更优选地,光探测器2与皮肤界面的夹角为90°,即光探测器2位于入射光法线的正上方。光探测器和光源工作时,光源发出的光束到达皮肤后,一部分光经皮肤表面反射,形成皮肤表面反射光,一部分光穿透皮肤表皮层和/或者穿透皮肤真皮层,形成后向散射光。光探测器1和光探测器2可以均在光源发光时采集信号,可以是同时采集信号,也可以是交替采集信号,采集的信号为光电信号1和光电信号2,分别标记为I1和I2。由于光探测器1位于表面反射光最强的方向,故光电探测器1采集得到的光电信号1中的皮肤表面反射光分量较大。由于光探测器2位于后向散射光最强的方向,故光探测器2采集得到的光电信号2中的后向散射光分量较大。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,将I2和I1分别作为输入信号S1和S2,通过图8或类似的自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。
以上的描述仅仅是本发明的具体实施例,本发明所保护的范围并不仅限于以上所描述的实施情况。对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以在不付出创造性劳动的情况下,对上面所描述 的实施情况做一些修正和变动,这些修正和变动也是属于本发明所保护的范围。例如,可以调整光探测器和光源的位置,使得部分光探测器中获得较多的皮肤表面反射光,部分光探测器中获得较多的后向散射信号,从而获得多个含有不同生命体征信号分量的输入信号。
采集多个不同的信号,可以如前文所述利用光源和探测器间距离的变化,也可以利用光源的偏振特性,也可以利用皮肤表面反射光和后向散射光与接收角度间的关系来实现,也可以将上述技术方案组合使用。例如,可以将光源的偏振特性与皮肤表面反射光和后向散射光与接收角度间的关系组合使用,如图15所示。传感器可以包含两个光探测器、一个光源和三个偏振片。两个光探测器与光源可以均与皮肤表面有一段距离,两个探测器之间的距离可以很近,也可以有一段距离。偏振片1和偏振片3的偏振方向可以相同,偏振片2的偏振方向可以与偏振片1和偏振片3的偏振方向垂直。以皮肤表面作为介质分界面,光源发出的光入射角可以为θ,θ的大小可以为0-90°。光探测器1可以位于入射光与法线确定的平面上的理论镜面反射处,光探测器1与入射点连线和法线的夹角也可以为θ。光探测器2可以位于入射光法线附近,优选地,光探测器2与皮肤界面的夹角为60°-120°,更优选地,光探测器2与皮肤界面的夹角为80°-100°,更优选地,光探测器2与皮肤界面的夹角为90°,即光探测器2位于法线的正上方。两个光探测器和光源工作时,光源发出的光束到达皮肤后,一部分光经皮肤表面反射,形成皮肤表面反射光,一部分光穿透皮肤表皮层和/或者穿透皮肤真皮层,形成后向散射光。光探测器1和光探测器2可以均在光源发光时采集信号,可以是同时采集信号,也可以是交替采集信号,采集的信号为光电信号1和光电信号2,分别标记为I1和I2。由于偏振片1和偏振片3的偏振方向相同,故光探测器1采集得到的光电信号1中包含皮肤表面反射光的平行分量与后向散射光的平行分量,且光探测器1位于入射线和法线所确定的平面上的理论镜面反射处,在皮肤表面反射光最强的方向,故光电信号1中的皮肤表面反射光分量较大。由于偏振片2和偏振片3的偏振方向垂直,故光电探测器2采集得到的光电信号2中不包含皮肤表面反射光,只包含后向散射光的垂直分量,且光探测器2位于入射光法线附近,是后向散射光比较强的方向,故光电信号2中的后向散射光分量较大。那么光探测器1采集得到的光信号1中包含了较大比例的运动信息和一定比例的生命体征信息,光探测器2采集得到的光信号2中包含了较大比例的生命体征信息和一定比例的运动信息。将光信号1和光信号2作为输入信号S1和S2,可以通过图8或类似的自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。
以上的描述仅仅是本发明的具体实施例,本发明所保护的范围并不仅限于以上所描述的实施情况。对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以在不付出创造性劳动的情况下,对上面所描述的实施情况做一些修正和变动,这些修正和变动也是属于本发明所保护的范围。
更进一步地,在传感器中加入分束器,能够进一步提高输入信号的精确性。例如,分束器 可以使两路信号严格地取自皮肤上的同一点,从而提高了相关度,最终提高了信号质量。
如图16所示。传感器包含一个能产生线偏振光的光源、两个可以检测不同偏振特性的光的光探测器和一个分束器。光源与光探测器可以均与皮肤有一段距离,也可以仅光源与皮肤有一段距离,而光探测器可以与皮肤有一段距离或紧贴皮肤表面,两个光探测器分别位于分束器的反射和透射方向。分束器反射与透射的分量相等。分束器可以将皮肤反射的信号浅表反射光分为两路,例如,一路是分束器反射的光,由光探测器1接收,一路是分束器透射的光,由光探测器2接收。同样的,分束器可以将皮肤的多次后向散射光也分为两路,一路是分束器反射的光,由光探测器1接收,一路是分束器透射的光,由光探测器2接收。传感器工作时,光探测器1和光探测器2都在光源发光时采集信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于浅表反射光仍然为线偏振光,多次后向散射光为非偏振光,故光电信号1和光电信号2中包含的浅表反射光和多次后向散射光分量具有不同的特性,且可由该特性计算分别得到浅表反射光和多次后向散射光的大小。根据浅表反射光与多次后向散射光的大小,通过图8以及类似的自适应滤波算法可去除运动伪迹。
以上所列举的示例仅仅是部分本发明中所描述的实施例的单一方面的改动和变更,本发明所保护的范围并不仅限于以上所列举的替代方案。对于本领域普通技术人员来说,可以在不付出创造性劳动的情况下,对上面所列举的替代方案进行组合,这些替代方案的组合也属于本发明的保护范围。例如,可以用偏振分束器来代替分束器和偏振片,在保留功能的同时可以简化结构。再例如,分束器的数量可以不止一个,分束器可以对从光源发出的光进行分束,也可以对从皮肤反射的光进行分束,或者部分分束器对从光源发出的光进行分束,部分分束器对从皮肤反射的光进行分束。
实施例一
一种生命体征信号测量装置,可应用于可穿戴式设备、医疗设备、运动设备等,可以检测各种生命体征信号,可以采集和信号处理,可以通过网络与终端、服务器或外部数据源通信,可以以各种方式表征信号。本实施例以应用于耳机上,以检测心率信号为主的生命体征信号测量装置为例进行详细阐述。
该心率测量装置可以包括但不限于采集模块、处理模块、存储模块、输出模块、控制模块、供能模块等。采集模块可以用PPG方法采集信号,在采集信号时,身体的运动可能会对信号的采集造成很大的干扰,使得采集到的信号中含有噪声,为了消除人体运动或震动信号的噪声,可以采用多参数自适应噪声消除法,该方法要求至少两路不同的信号为输入量。为了获得两路不同的信号,可以采用如图17a所示的装置,该采集模块可以包括一个光源和 两个光探测器,两个光探测器与光源均紧贴皮肤,三个器件可以位于一条直线上,也可以不在一条直线上,光探测器1和光探测器2位于光源的两侧。光探测器1与光源的距离较远,光探测器2与光源的距离较近。光探测器1与光源之间的距离大于光探测器2到光源之间的距离。两个光探测器和光源工作时,光探测器1与光探测器2同时在光源发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光探测器1与光源之间的距离较远,由光探测器1采集到的光子深入皮肤的深度更深,所以光电信号1中含有更多的脉搏波信息。将光电信号1和光电信号2,分别标记为I1和I2
处理模块将I1和I2作为两路输入信号,通过自适应噪声消除算法来去除运动伪迹。去除运动伪迹后的信号可以存储在存储模块,也可以由输出模块输出到终端、服务器或外部数据源中。服务器可以依据外部数据源中的相关历史数据对采集的信号做进一步的分析处理,得到感兴趣和便于常人理解的信息,如心率、耗氧量、脂肪消耗量等。终端可以对该信号以数字、曲线、图像、音频、视频等方式展现。
实施例二
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图17b所示的结构,传感器包含两个光探测器和一个光源。两个光探测器与一个光源均位于皮肤上方一定距离处,三个器件可以位于一条直线上,也可以不在一条直线上,光探测器1和光探测器2可以位于光源的同一侧。光探测器1与光源的距离较远,光探测器2与光源的距离较近。光探测器1与光源之间的距离大于光探测器2到光源之间的距离。传感器工作时,光探测器1与光探测器2同时在光源发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光探测器1与光源之间的距离较远,由光探测器1采集到的光子深入皮肤的深度更深,所以光电信号1中含有更多的血液容积变化信息。将光电信号1和光电信号2,分别标记为I1和I2
之后的处理模块、存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例三
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块是如图17c所示的结构,传感器包含两个光探测器和一个光源。两个光探测器与一个光源均位于皮肤上方一定距离处,三个器件位于一条直线上,也可以不在一条直线上,且光探测器1和光探测器2分别位于光源的两侧。光探测器1与光源的距离较远,光探测器2与光源的距离较近。光探测器1与光源之间的距离大于光探测器2到光源之间的距离。传感器工作时, 光探测器1与光探测器2同时在光源发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光探测器1与光源之间的距离较远,由光探测器1采集到的光子深入皮肤的深度更深,所以光电信号1中含有更多的血液容积变化信息。将光电信号1和光电信号2,分别标记为I1和I2
之后的处理模块、存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例四
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块是如图17d所示的结构,传感器包含两个光探测器和一个光源。光探测器1紧贴皮肤,光源与光探测器2位于皮肤上方一定距离处,光探测器1和光探测器2位于光源的同一侧。光探测器1与光源的水平距离较远,光探测器2与光源的水平距离较近。当两个光探测器和光源工作时,光探测器1与光探测器2同时在光源发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光探测器1与光源之间的距离较远,由光探测器1采集到的光子深入皮肤的深度更深,所以光电信号1中含有更多的脉搏波信息。将光电信号1和光电信号2,分别标记为I1和I2
之后的处理模块、存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例五
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块是如图18a所示的结构,传感器包含一个光探测器和两个发光波长相同的光源。光探测器与两个光源均紧贴皮肤,三个器件位于一条直线上,也可以不在一条直线上,光源1和光源2位于光探测器的同一侧。光源1与光探测器的距离较远,光源2与光探测器的距离较近。两个光源和光探测器工作时,光源1与光源2交替发光,光探测器分别在其发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光源1与光探测器之间的距离较远,由光源1发出的光子深入皮肤的深度更深,所以光电信号1中含有更多的脉搏波信息。将光电信号1和光电信号2,分别标记为I1和I2
之后的处理模块、存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例六
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块是如图18b所示的结构,传感器包含一个光探测器和两个发光波长相同的光源。光探测器与 两个光源均紧贴皮肤,三个器件位于一条直线上,也可以不在一条直线上,光源1和光源2位于光探测器的两侧。光源1与光探测器的距离较远,光源2与光探测器的距离较近。两个光源和光探测器工作时,光源1与光源2交替发光,光探测器分别在其发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光源1与光探测器之间的距离较远,由光源1发出的光子深入皮肤的深度更深,所以光电信号1中含有更多的脉搏波信息。将光电信号1和光电信号2,分别标记为I1和I2
之后的处理模块、存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例七
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块是如图18c所示的结构,传感器包含一个光探测器和两个光源。光探测器与两个光源均位于皮肤上方一定距离处,三个器件位于一条直线上,也可以不在一条直线上,光源1和光源2位于光探测器的同一侧。光源1与光探测器的距离较远,光源2与光探测器的距离较近。当两个光源和光探测器工作时,光源1与光源2交替发光,光探测器分别在其发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光源1与光探测器之间的距离较远,由光源1发出的光子深入皮肤的深度更深,所以光电信号1中含有更多的脉搏波信息。将光电信号1和光电信号2,分别标记为I1和I2
之后的处理模块、存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例八
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块是如图18d所示的结构,传感器包含一个光探测器和两个光源。光探测器与两个光源均位于皮肤上方一定距离处,三个器件位于一条直线上,也可以不在一条直线上,光源1和光源2位于光探测器的两侧。光源1与光探测器的距离较远,光源2与光探测器的距离较近。当两个光源和光探测器工作时,光源1与光源2交替发光,光探测器分别在其发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光源1与光探测器之间的距离较远,由光源1发出的光子深入皮肤的深度更深,所以光电信号1中含有更多的脉搏波信息。将光电信号1和光电信号2,分别标记为I1和I2
之后的处理模块、存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例九
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块是如图18e所示的结构,传感器包含一个光探测器和两个光源。光源1紧贴皮肤,光源2与光探测器位于皮肤上方一定距离处,光源1和光源2位于光探测器的同侧。光源1与光探测器的水平距离较远,光源2与光探测器的水平距离较近。当两个光源和光探测器工作时,光源1与光源2交替发光,光探测器分别在其发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光源1与光探测器之间的距离较远,由光源1发出的光子深入皮肤的深度更深,所以光电信号1中含有更多的脉搏波信息。将光电信号1和光电信号2,分别标记为I1和I2
之后的处理模块、存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例十
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块是如图19a所示的结构,传感器包含两个光探测器和两个光源,两个光探测器与两个光源均紧贴皮肤。光源1和光探测器1构成传感器1,光源2和光探测器2构成传感器2。光源1与光探测器1的距离较远,光源2与光探测器2的距离较近。两个光探测器和两个光源工作时,光源1和光源2可以同时发光,也可以不同时发光,光探测器1与光探测器2在分别光源1和光源2发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光探测器1与光源之间的距离较远,由光探测器1采集到的光子深入皮肤的深度更深,所以光电信号1中含有更多的脉搏波信息。将光电信号1和光电信号2,分别标记为I1和I2
之后的处理模块、存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例十一
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块是如图19b所示的结构,传感器包含两个光探测器和两个光源,两个光探测器与两个光源均位于皮肤上方一段距离处。光源1和光探测器1构成传感器1,光源2和光探测器2构成传感器2。光源1与光探测器1的距离较远,光源2与光探测器2的距离较近。两个光探测器和两个光源工作时,光源1和光源2可以同时发光,也可以不同时发光,光探测器1与光探测器2分别在光源1和光源2发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光探测器1与光源之间的距离较远,由光探测器1采集到的光子深入皮肤的深度更深,所以光电信号1中含有更多的脉搏波信息。将光电信号1和光电信号2,分别标记为I1和I2
之后的处理模块、存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例十二
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块是如图20a所示的结构,传感器包含两个光探测器、一个光源和一个透镜。光探测器1紧贴皮肤,光源位于皮肤上方一段距离处,光探测器2与皮肤之间有一个透镜,光探测器1和光探测器2位于光源的同一侧。透镜改变光探测器2接收光的方向,使得光线与皮肤呈夹角。光探测器1与光源的距离较远,光探测器2与光源的距离较近。两个光探测器和光源工作时,光探测器1和光探测器2同时在光源发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光探测器1与光源之间的距离较远,由光探测器1接收的光子深入皮肤的深度更深,而光探测器2接收的光由于透镜作用深入皮肤的深度更浅,所以光电信号1中含有更多的脉搏波信息。将光电信号1和光电信号2,分别标记为I1和I2
之后的处理模块、存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例十三
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块是如图20b所示的结构,传感器包含两个光探测器、一个光源和一个透镜。光探测器1紧贴皮肤,光源位于皮肤上方一段距离处,光探测器2与皮肤之间有一个透镜,光探测器1和光探测器2位于光源的两侧。透镜改变光探测器2接收光的方向,使得光线与皮肤呈夹角。光探测器1与光源的距离较远,光探测器2与光源的距离较近。两个光探测器和光源工作时,光探测器1和光探测器2同时在光源发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光探测器1与光源之间的距离较远,由光探测器1接收的光子深入皮肤的深度更深,而光探测器2接收的光由于透镜作用深入皮肤的深度更浅,所以光电信号1中含有更多的脉搏波信息。将光电信号1和光电信号2,分别标记为I1和I2
之后的处理模块、存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例十四
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块是如图20c所示的结构,传感器包含一个光探测器、两个光源和一个透镜。光源1紧贴皮肤,光探测器位于皮肤上方一段距离处,光源2与皮肤之间有一个透镜,光源1和光源2位于光探测器的两侧。透镜改变光源2发出的光的方向,使得光线与皮肤呈夹角。光源1与光探测器的距离较远,光源2与光探测器的距离较近。两个光源和光探测器工作时,光源1与光源2交替发光,光探测器分别在其发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光 源1与光探测器之间的距离较远,由光源1发出的光子深入皮肤的深度更深,而光源2发出的光由于透镜作用深入皮肤的深度更浅,所以光电信号1中含有更多的脉搏波信息。将光电信号1和光电信号2,分别标记为I1和I2
之后的处理模块、存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例十五
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图21a所示的结构,传感器包含两个光源、两个光探测器和一个透镜。光源1和光探测器1构成传感器1,光源2和光探测器2构成传感器2。光探测器1和光源1紧贴皮肤,光源2位于皮肤上方一段距离处,光探测器2与皮肤之间有一个透镜,光源1和光源2位于两个探测器之间。透镜改变光探测器2接收光的方向,使得光线与皮肤呈夹角。光探测器1与光源1的距离较远,光探测器2与光源2的距离较近。当两个光探测器和两个光源工作时,光源1和光源2可以同时发光,也可以不同时发光,光探测器1与光探测器2分别在光源1和光源2发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光探测器1与光源1之间的距离较远,由光探测器1接收的光子深入皮肤的深度更深,而光探测器2接收的光由于透镜作用深入皮肤的深度更浅,所以光电信号1中含有更多的脉搏波信息。将光电信号1和光电信号2,分别标记为I1和I2
之后的处理模块、存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例十六
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图21b所示的结构,传感器包含两个光源、两个光探测器和一个透镜。光源1和光探测器1构成传感器1,光源2和光探测器2构成传感器2。光探测器1和光源1紧贴皮肤,光探测器2位于皮肤上方一段距离处,光源2与皮肤之间有一个透镜,光源1和光源2位于两个探测器之间。透镜改变光源2发出的光的方向,使得光线与皮肤呈夹角。光探测器1与光源1的距离较远,光探测器2与光源2的距离较近。当两个光探测器和两个光源工作时,光源和光探测器的工作情况同实施例十五所述相同。
之后的处理模块、存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例十七
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块 可以是如图21c所示的结构,传感器包含两个光源、两个光探测器和两个透镜。光源1和光探测器1构成传感器1,光源2和光探测器2构成传感器2。光探测器1和光源1紧贴皮肤,光源2与皮肤之间有透镜1,光探测器2与皮肤之间有透镜2,光源1和光源2位于两个探测器之间。透镜1改变光源2发射光的方向,透镜2改变光探测器2接收反射信号的方向,这使得光线与皮肤呈夹角。光探测器1与光源1的距离较远,光探测器2与光源2的距离较近。当两个光探测器和两个光源工作时,光源和光探测器的工作情况同实施例十五所述相同。
之后的处理模块、存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例十八
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图22a所示的结构,传感器包含一个光源、两个光探测器和三个偏振片。这里所说的偏振片也称为偏光板或偏光膜,是一种可以使普通光束变成偏振光束的光学元件。对于本领域普通技术人员来说,如果光束本身具有偏振性,那么可以不使用偏振片,例如,激光发出的光束天然具有偏振性,可以取消偏振片的使用,也可以使用偏振片和具有一定旋光性的组件来调节光源的偏振性,这些偏振片或具有旋光性组件的使用仍然在以上描述的保护范围之内。光源与光探测器均与皮肤有一段距离,两个探测器之间的距离可以很接近。偏振片1和偏振片3的偏振方向基本相同,与偏振片2的偏振方向基本垂直。传感器工作时,光探测器1和光探测器2都在光源发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于偏振片1和偏振片3的偏振方向相同,故光电探测器1采集得到的光电信号1中包含浅表反射光的平行分量与多次后向散射光的平行分量。由于偏振片2和偏振片3的偏振方向垂直,故光电探测器2采集得到的光电信号2中不包含浅表反射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,浅表反射光为IR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有
I1=I1R||+I1B||
I2=I2B⊥
浅表反射光只有平行分量,所以
IR=I1R||
定义通过偏振片2前的皮肤多次后向散射光为IB,由于后向散射光无偏振特性,所以
IB=2I2B⊥
由于光探测器1和光探测器2的位置差异,到达偏振片1和偏振片2的多次后向散射光强度间有微小差异。令
I1B||=I2B⊥B
那么,浅表反射光和多次后向散射光分别可由以下两式求出
IR=I1-I2B
IB=2I2
Is=2I2
Ir=I1-I2
则Is中只包含多次后向散射光,Ir中包含浅表反射光和极少量的多次后向散射光。Is中包含了运动干扰信号和心跳信号,Ir中基本上只包含运动干扰信号。将Is和Ir分别作为输入信号S1和S2,通过图8或类似的自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。
实施例十九
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块该采集模块可以是如图22b所示的结构,传感器包含一个光源、两个光探测器和三个偏振片。在本说明书中所说的偏振片也可以是偏光板或偏光膜,是一种可以使普通光束变成偏振光束的光学元件。对于本领域普通技术人员来说,如果光束本身具有偏振性,那么可以不使用偏振片。例如,激光发出的光束天然具有偏振性,可以取消偏振片的使用,也可以使用偏振片和具有一定旋光性的组件来调节光源的偏振性,这些偏振片或具有旋光性组件的使用仍然在以上描述的保护范围之内。光源与光探测器均紧贴皮肤表面,两个探测器之间的距离可以很接近。偏振片1和偏振片3的偏振方向基本相同,与偏振片2的偏振方向基本垂直。传感器工作时,光探测器1和光探测器2都在光源发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于偏振片1和偏振片3的偏振方向相同,故光电探测器1采集得到的光电信号1中包含少次后向散射光的平行分量与多次后向散射光的平行分量。由于偏振片2和偏振片3的偏振方向垂直,故光电探测器2采集得到的光电信号2中不包含少次后向散射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,少次后向散射光为IBR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有
I1=I1BR+I1B
I2=I2B⊥
只有光电信号1中包含少次后向散射光,所以
IBR=I1BR
定义通过偏振片2多次后向散射光为IB,由于多次后向散射光无偏振特性,所以
IB=2I2B⊥
由于光探测器1和光探测器2的位置差异,到达偏振片1和偏振片2的后向散射光强度间有微小差异。令
I1B=2I2B⊥B
那么,少次后向散射光和多次后向散射光分别可由以下两式求出
IBR=I1-2I2B
IB=2I2
Is=2I2
Ir=I1-2I2
则Is中只包含多次后向散射光,Ir中包含少次后向散射光和极少量的多次后向散射光。Is中包含了运动干扰信号和心跳信号,Ir中基本上只包含运动干扰信号。
处理模块将Is和Ir作为输入信号,通过自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。之后的存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例二十
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图22c所示的结构,该方案中,传感器包含一个光源、两个光探测器和两个偏振片。偏振片2的目的是要使用普通光源来生成偏振光源。若使用激光作为光源(如激光二极管),则激光天然就有偏振性,此时可以取消偏振片2。光源与光探测器均与皮肤有一段距离,两个探测器之间的距离很近。偏振片1和偏振片2的偏振方向互相垂直。传感器工作时,光探测器1和光探测器2都在光源发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光探测器1下没有偏振片,故光电探测器1采集得到的光电信号1中包含浅表反射光与多次后向散射光。由于偏振片1和偏振片2的偏振方向垂直,故传感器2采集得到的光电信号2中不包含浅表反射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,浅表反射光为IR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有
I1=I1R+I1B
I2=I2B⊥
只有光电信号1中包含浅表反射光,所以
IR=I1R
定义通过偏振片2前的皮肤多次后向散射光为IB,由于多次后向散射光无偏振特性,所以
IB=2I2B⊥
由于光探测器1和光探测器2的位置差异,到达偏振片1和偏振片2的多次后向散射光强度间有微小差异。令
I1B=2I2B⊥B
那么,浅表反射光和多次后向散射光分别可由以下两式求出
IR=I1-2I2B
IB=2I2
Is=2I2
Ir=I1-2I2
则Is中只包含多次后向散射光,Ir中包含浅表反射光和极少量的多次后向散射光。Is中包含了运动干扰信号和心跳信号,Ir中基本上只包含运动干扰信号。
处理模块将Is和Ir作为输入信号,通过自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。之后的存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例二十一
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图22d所示的结构,该方案中,传感器包含一个光源、两个光探测器和两个偏振片(即偏振片1和2)。偏振片2的目的是要使用普通光源来生成偏振光源。若使用激光作为光源(如激光二极管),则激光天然就有偏振性,此时可以取消偏振片2。光源紧贴皮肤表面,两个光探测器可以紧贴皮肤表面,也可以距皮肤表面一段距离,两个探测器之间的距离很近。偏振片1和偏振片2的偏振方向互相垂直。传感器工作时,光探测器1和光探测器2都在光源发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光探测器1下没有偏振片,故光电探测器1采集得到的光电信号1中包含少次后向散射光与多次后向散射光。另外,由于偏振片1和偏振片2的偏振方向垂直,故传感器2采集得到的光电信号2中不包含少次后向散射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,少次后向散射光为IBR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有
I1=I1BR+I1B
I2=I2B⊥
只有光电信号1中包含浅表反射光,所以
IBR=I1BR
定义通过偏振片2前的皮肤多次后向散射光为IB,由于多次后向散射光无偏振特性,所以
IB=2I2B⊥
由于光探测器1和光探测器2的位置差异,到达偏振片1和偏振片2的多次后向散射光强度间有微小差异。令
I1B=2I2B⊥B
那么,少次后向散射光和多次后向散射光分别可由以下两式求出
IBR=I1-2I2B
IB=2I2
Is=2I2
Ir=I1-2I2
则Is中只包含多次后向散射光,Ir中包含少次后向散射光和极少量的多次后向散射光。Is中包含了运动干扰信号和心跳信号,Ir中基本上只包含运动干扰信号。
处理模块将Is和Ir作为输入信号,通过自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。之后的存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例二十二
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图22e所示的结构,传感器包含两个能产生线偏振光的光源和一个可以检测不同偏振特性的光的光探测器。光源与光探测器均与皮肤有一段距离,两个探测器之间的距离很近。传感器工作时,光源1和光源2交替发光,光探测器分别在光源1和光源2发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于浅表反射光仍然为线偏振光,多次后向散射光为非偏振光,故光电信号1和光电信号2中包含的浅表反射光和多次后向散射光分量具有不同的特性,且可由该特性计算分别得到浅表反射光和多次后向散射光的大小。
处理模块将皮肤表面反射光和后向散射光作为输入信号,通过自适应滤波算法可去除运动伪迹。之后的存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例二十三
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图22f所示的结构,传感器包含一个光探测器、两个光源和三个偏振片。偏振片2和3的目的是要使用普通光源来生成偏振光源。若使用激光作为光源(如激光二极管),则激光天然就有偏振性,此时可以取消偏振片2和3。光源与光探测器均与皮肤有一段距离,两个光源之间的距离很近。偏振片1和偏振片3的偏振方向相同,偏振片2的偏振方向与它们垂直。传感器工作时,光源1和光源2交替发光,光探测器分别在光源1和光源2发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于偏振片1和偏振片3的偏振方向相同,故光源1发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号1中包含浅表反射光的平行分量与多次后向散射光的平行分量。由于偏振片2和偏振片3的偏振方向垂直,故光源2发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号2中不包含浅表反射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量。令光源1和光源2发光亮度相同,由于两者距离很近,故它们发光时产生的多次后向散射光相等。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,浅表反射光为IR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有
I1=I1R||+I1B||
I2=I2B⊥
浅表反射光只有平行分量,所以
IR=I1R||
定义光源2发光时通过偏振片前的皮肤多次后向散射光为IB,由于多次后向散射光无偏振特性,所以
IB=2I2B⊥
由于光源1和光源2的位置差异,光源1和光源2发光时到达偏振片的多次后向散射光强度间有微小差异。令
I1B||=I2B⊥B
那么,浅表反射光和多次后向散射光分别可由以下两式求出
IR=I1-I2B
IB=2I2
Is=2I2
Ir=I1-I2
则Is中只包含多次后向散射光,Ir中包含浅表反射光和极少量的多次后向散射光。Is中 包含了运动干扰信号和心跳信号,Ir中基本上只包含运动干扰信号。
之后的处理模块、存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例十八中相同。
实施例二十四
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图22g所示的结构,传感器包含一个光探测器、两个光源和三个偏振片。偏振片2和3的目的是要使用普通光源来生成偏振光源。若使用激光作为光源(如激光二极管),则激光天然就有偏振性,此时可以取消偏振片2和3。两个光源均紧贴皮肤表面,光探测器可以与皮肤表面有一段距离,也可以紧贴皮肤表面,两个光源之间的距离很近。偏振片1和偏振片3的偏振方向相同,偏振片2的偏振方向与它们垂直。传感器工作时,光源1和光源2交替发光,光探测器分别在光源1和光源2发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于偏振片1和偏振片3的偏振方向相同,故光源1发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号1中包含少次后向散射光的平行分量与多次后向散射光的平行分量。由于偏振片2和偏振片3的偏振方向垂直,故光源2发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号2中不包含少次后向散射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量。令光源1和光源2发光亮度相同,由于两者距离很近,故它们发光时产生的多次后向散射光相等。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,少次后向散射光为IBR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有
I1=I1BR||+I1B||
I2=I2B⊥
少次后向散射光只有平行分量,所以
IBR=I1BR||
定义光源2发光时通过偏振片前的皮肤多次后向散射光为IB,由于多次后向散射光无偏振特性,所以
IB=2I2B⊥
由于光源1和光源2的位置差异,光源1和光源2发光时到达偏振片的多次后向散射光强度间有微小差异。令
I1B||=I2B⊥B
那么,少次后向散射光和多次后向散射光分别可由以下两式求出
IBR=I1-I2B
IB=2I2
Is=2I2
Ir=I1-I2
则Is中只包含多次后向散射光,Ir中包含少次后向散射光和极少量的多次后向散射光。Is中包含了运动干扰信号和心跳信号,Ir中基本上只包含运动干扰信号。
处理模块将Is和Ir作为输入信号,通过自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。之后的处理模块、存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例十八中相同。
实施例二十五
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图22h所示的结构,传感器包含一个光探测器、两个光源和两个偏振片。偏振片2的目的是要使用普通光源来生成偏振光源。若使用激光作为光源(如激光二极管),则激光天然就有偏振性,此时可以取消偏振片2。光源与光探测器均与皮肤有一段距离,两个光源之间的距离很近。偏振片1和偏振片2的偏振方向互相垂直。传感器工作时,光源1和光源2交替发光,光探测器分别在光源1和光源2发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光源1下没有偏振片,故光源1发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号1中包含浅表反射光的平行分量与多次后向散射光的平行分量。由于偏振片1和偏振片2的偏振方向垂直,故光源2发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号2中不包含浅表反射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量。令光源1的发光亮度和光源2发出的光通过偏振片2的亮度相同,由于两者距离很近,故它们发光时产生的多次后向散射光相等。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,浅表反射光为IR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有
I1=I1R||+I1B||
I2=I2B⊥
只有光电信号1中包含浅表反射光,所以
IR=2I1R||
定义光源2发光时通过偏振片前的皮肤多次后向散射光为IB,由于多次后向散射光无偏振特性,所以
IB=2I2B⊥
由于光源1和光源2的位置差异,光源1和光源2发光时到达偏振片的多次后向散射光强度间有微小差异。令
I1B||=I2B⊥B
那么,浅表反射光和多次后向散射光分别可由以下两式求出
IR=2(I1-I2B)
IB=2I2
Is=2I2
Ir=2(I1-I2)
则Is中只包含多次后向散射光,Ir中包含浅表散射光和极少量的多次后向散射光。Is中包含了运动干扰信号和心跳信号,Ir中基本上只包含运动干扰信号。
之后的处理模块、存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例十八中相同。
实施例二十六
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图22i所示的结构,传感器包含一个光探测器、两个光源和两个偏振片。偏振片2的目的是要使用普通光源来生成偏振光源。若使用激光作为光源(如激光二极管),则激光天然就有偏振性,此时可以取消偏振片2。两个光源均紧贴皮肤表面,光探测器可以与皮肤有一段距离,也可以紧贴皮肤表面,两个光源之间的距离很近。偏振片1和偏振片2的偏振方向互相垂直。传感器工作时,光源1和光源2交替发光,光探测器分别在光源1和光源2发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光源1下没有偏振片,故光源1发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号1中包含少次后向散射光的平行分量与多次后向散射光的平行分量。由于偏振片1和偏振片2的偏振方向垂直,故光源2发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号2中不包含少次后向散射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量。令光源1的发光亮度和光源2发出的光通过偏振片2的亮度相同,由于两者距离很近,故它们发光时产生的多次后向散射光相等。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,少次后向散射光为IBR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有
I1=I1BR||+I1B||
I2=I2B⊥
只有光电信号1中包含少次后向散射光,所以
IBR=2I1BR||
定义光源2发光时通过偏振片前的皮肤多次后向散射光为IB,由于多次后向散射光无 偏振特性,所以
IB=2I2B⊥
由于光源1和光源2的位置差异,光源1和光源2发光时到达偏振片的多次后向散射光强度间有微小差异。令
I1B||=I2B⊥B
那么,少次后向散射光和多次后向散射光分别可由以下两式求出
IBR=2(I1-I2B)
IB=2I2
Is=2I2
Ir=2(I1-I2)
则Is中只包含多次后向散射光,Ir中包含少次后向散射光和极少量的多次后向散射光。Is中包含了运动干扰信号和心跳信号,Ir中基本上只包含运动干扰信号。
之后的处理模块、存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例十八中相同。
实施例二十七
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图23a所示的结构,传感器包含一个光探测器和两个光源。光源与光探测器均与皮肤有一段距离。以皮肤表面作为介质分界面,光源1发出的光入射角为θ,光探测器位于入射光与法线确定的平面上,与入射点连线和法线的夹角也为θ,在理论的镜面反射处。光源2发出的光与皮肤的交点位于光探测器的正下方,探测器位于光源2打在皮肤上光点的法线附近,越接近法线方向,信号质量越好。传感器工作时,光源1和光源2交替发光,光探测器分别在光源1和光源2发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光探测器位于光源1表面反射光最强的方向,故光源1发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号1中的皮肤表面反射光分量较大。由于光探测器位于光源2发出的光的后向散射光最强的方向,故光源2发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号2中的后向散射光分量较大。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2
处理模块将I1和I2作为输入信号进通过自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。之后的存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例二十八
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图23b所示的结构,该方案中,传感器包含一个光源、两个光探测器和两个偏振片。偏振片2的目的是要使用普通光源来生成偏振光源。若使用激光作为光源(如激光二极管),则激光天然就有偏振性,此时可以取消偏振片2。光源与光探测器均与皮肤有一段距离。偏振片1和偏振片2的偏振方向互相垂直。以皮肤表面作为介质分界面,光源发出的光入射角为θ,光探测器1位于入射光与法线确定的平面上,与入射点连线和法线的夹角也为θ,在理论的镜面反射处。光探测器2位于法线附近方向上。探测器2位于接近法线附近,越接近法线方向,信号质量越好,如90度最好,80度到100度也可以,60度到120也行,60度到120度以外稍差些。传感器工作时,光探测器1和光探测器2都在光源发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光探测器1下没有偏振片,故光电探测器1采集得到的光电信号1中包含浅表反射光与多次后向散射光,而且由于光探测器1位于表面反射光最强的方向,故光电信号1中的浅表反射光分量较大。由于偏振片1和偏振片2的偏振方向垂直,故光探测器2采集得到的光电信号2中不包含浅表反射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量,而且因为光探测器2位于后向散射光最强的方向,故光电信号2中的多次后向散射光分量较大。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,浅表反射光为IR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有
I1=I1R+I1B
I2=I2B⊥
由于光探测器1与光探测器2之间有一定距离,所以光电信号1与光电信号2中多次后向散射光分量大小并不相等。处理模块将I2和I1作为输入信号通过自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。之后的存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例二十九
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图24a所示的结构,该方案中,传感器包含一个光探测器、两个光源和三个偏振片。光源与光探测器均与皮肤有一段距离。偏振片1和偏振片3的偏振方向相同,偏振片2的偏振方向与它们垂直。偏振片2和偏振片3的目的是要使用普通光源来生成偏振光源。若使用激光作为光源(如激光二极管),则激光天然就有偏振性,此时可以取消偏振片2和偏振片3。以皮肤表面作为介质分界面,光源1发出的光入射角为θ,光探测器位于入射光与法线确定 的平面上,与入射点连线和法线的夹角也为θ,在理论的镜面反射处。光源2发出的光与皮肤的交点位于光探测器的正下方。传感器工作时,光源1和光源2交替发光,光探测器分别在光源1和光源2发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于偏振片1和偏振片3的偏振方向相同,故光源1发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号1中包含浅表反射光的平行分量与多次后向散射光的平行分量,而且由于光探测器位于光源1表面反射光最强的方向,故光电信号1中的皮肤表面反射光分量较大。由于偏振片2和偏振片3的偏振方向垂直,故光源2发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号2中不包含浅表反射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量,而且因为光探测器位于光源2发出的光的后向散射光最强的方向,故光电信号2中的后向散射光分量较大。令光源1和光源2发光亮度相同,由于两者距离很近,故它们发光时产生的后向散射光相等。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,浅表反射光为IR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有
I1=I1R||+I1B||
I2=I2B⊥
由于光探测器1与光探测器2之间有一定距离,所以光电信号1与光电信号2中多次后向散射光分量大小并不相等。处理模块将I2和I1作为输入信号通过自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。之后的存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例三十
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图24b所示的结构,该方案中,传感器包含一个光探测器、两个光源和两个偏振片。光源与光探测器均与皮肤有一段距离。偏振片1和偏振片2的偏振方向互相垂直。偏振片2的目的是要使用普通光源来生成偏振光源。若使用激光作为光源(如激光二极管),则激光天然就有偏振性,此时可以取消偏振片2。以皮肤表面作为介质分界面,光源1发出的光入射角为θ,光探测器位于入射光与法线确定的平面上,与入射点连线和法线的夹角也为θ,在理论的镜面反射处。光源2发出的光与皮肤的交点位于光探测器的正下方。传感器工作时,光源1和光源2交替发光,光探测器分别在光源1和光源2发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光源1下没有偏振片,故光源1发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号1中包含浅表反射光的平行分量与多次后向散射光的平行分量,而且由于光探测器位于光源1表面反射光最强的方向,故光电信号1中的皮肤表面反射光分量较大。由于偏振片1和偏振片2的偏振方向垂直,故光源2发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号2中不包含浅 表反射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量,而且因为光探测器位于光源2发出的光的后向散射光最强的方向,故光电信号2中的多次后向散射光分量较大。令光源1的发光亮度和光源2发出的光通过偏振片2的亮度相同,由于两者距离很近,故它们发光时产生的多次后向散射光相等。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,浅表反射光为IR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有
I1=I1R||+I1B||
I2=I2B⊥
由于光探测器1与光探测器2之间有一定距离,所以光电信号1与光电信号2中多次后向散射光分量大小并不相等。处理模块将I2和I1作为输入信号通过自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。之后的存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例三十一
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图25a所示的结构,传感器包含一个光源、两个光探测器、三个偏振片和一个分束器。偏振片3的目的是要使用普通光源来生成偏振光源。若使用激光作为光源(如激光二极管),则激光天然就有偏振性,此时可以取消偏振片3。光源与光探测器均与皮肤有一段距离,两个光探测器及偏振片分别位于分束器的反射和透射方向。偏振片1和偏振片3的偏振方向相同,偏振片2的偏振方向与它们垂直。分束器反射与透射的分量相等。传感器工作时,光探测器1和光探测器2都在光源发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于偏振片1和偏振片3的偏振方向相同,故光电探测器1采集得到的光电信号1中包含浅表反射光的平行分量与多次后向散射光的平行分量。由于偏振片2和偏振片3的偏振方向垂直,故光电探测器2采集得到的光电信号2中不包含浅表反射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,浅表反射光为IR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有
I1=IR||+IB||
I2=IB⊥
浅表反射光只有平行分量,多次后向散射光无偏振特性,所以
IR=IR||
IB=2IB⊥
那么,浅表反射光合多次后向散射光分别可由以下两式求出
IR=I1-I2
IB=2I2
处理模块将IR和IB作为输入信号通过自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。之后的存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例三十二
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图25b所示的结构,传感器包含一个光源、两个光探测器、三个偏振片和一个分束器。偏振片3的目的是要使用普通光源来生成偏振光源。若使用激光作为光源(如激光二极管),则激光天然就有偏振性,此时可以取消偏振片3。光源紧贴皮肤表面,两个光探测器可以与皮肤有一段距离,也可以紧贴皮肤表面,两个光探测器及偏振片分别位于分束器的反射和透射方向。偏振片1和偏振片3的偏振方向相同,偏振片2的偏振方向与它们垂直。分束器反射与透射的分量相等。传感器工作时,光探测器1和光探测器2都在光源发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于偏振片1和偏振片3的偏振方向相同,故光电探测器1采集得到的光电信号1中包含少次后向散射光的平行分量与多次后向散射光的平行分量。由于偏振片2和偏振片3的偏振方向垂直,故光电探测器2采集得到的光电信号2中不包含少次后向散射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,少次后向散射光为IBR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有
I1=IBR||+IB||
I2=IB⊥
浅表反射光只有平行分量,多次后向散射光无偏振特性,所以
IBR=IBR||
IB=2IB⊥
那么,浅表反射光合多次后向散射光分别可由以下两式求出
IBR=I1-I2
IB=2I2
处理模块将IBR和IB作为输入信
号通过自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。之后的存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作 步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例三十三
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图25c所示的结构,传感器包含一个光源、两个光探测器、两个偏振片和一个分束器。偏振片2的目的是要使用普通光源来生成偏振光源。若使用激光作为光源(如激光二极管),则激光天然就有偏振性,此时可以取消偏振片2。光源与光探测器均与皮肤有一段距离,光探测器1位于分束器的反射方向,光探测器2和偏振片1位于分束器的透射方向。偏振片1和偏振片2的偏振方向互相垂直。分束器反射与透射的分量相等。传感器工作时,光探测器1和光探测器2都在光源发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光探测器1下没有偏振片,故光电探测器1采集得到的光电信号1中包含浅表反射光与多次后向散射光。由于偏振片1和偏振片2的偏振方向垂直,故传感器2采集得到的光电信号2中不包含浅表反射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,浅表反射光为IR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有
I1=IR+IB
I2=IB⊥
浅表反射光只有平行分量,多次后向散射光无偏振特性,所以
IR=IR||
IB=2IB⊥
那么,浅表反射光合多次后向散射光分别可由以下两式求出
IR=I1-2I2
IB=2I2
处理模块将IR和IB作为输入信号通过自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。之后的存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例三十四
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图25d所示的结构,传感器包含一个光源、两个光探测器、两个偏振片和一个分束器。偏振片2的目的是要使用普通光源来生成偏振光源。若使用激光作为光源(如激光二极管),则激光天然就有偏振性,此时可以取消偏振片2。光源紧贴皮肤表面,两个光探测器可以与皮肤有一段距离,也可以紧贴皮肤表面,两个光探测器及偏振片分别位于分束器的反射 和透射方向。偏振片1和偏振片2的偏振方向互相垂直。分束器反射与透射的分量相等。传感器工作时,光探测器1和光探测器2都在光源发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光探测器1下没有偏振片,故光电探测器1采集得到的光电信号1中包含少次后向散射光与多次后向散射光。由于偏振片1和偏振片2的偏振方向垂直,故传感器2采集得到的光电信号2中不包含少次后向散射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,少次后向散射光为IBR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有
I1=IBR+IB
I2=IB⊥
少次后向散射光只有平行分量,多次后向散射光无偏振特性,所以
IBR=IBR||
IB=2IB⊥
那么,浅表反射光合多次后向散射光分别可由以下两式求出
IBR=I1-2I2
IB=2I2
处理模块将IBR和IB作为输入信号通过自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。之后的存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例三十五
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图26a所示的结构,传感器包含两个能产生线偏振光的光源、一个可以检测不同偏振特性的光的光探测器和一个分束器。光源与光探测器均与皮肤有一段距离,两个光源分别位于分束器的反射方向和透射方向。传感器工作时,光源1和光源2交替发光,光探测器分别在光源1和光源2发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于浅表反射光仍然为线偏振光,多次后向散射光为非偏振光,故光电信号1和光电信号2中包含的浅表反射光和多次后向散射光分量具有不同的特性,且可由该特性计算分别得到浅表反射光和多次后向散射光的大小。
处理模块将浅表反射光和多次后向散射光作为输入信号,通过自适应滤波算法可去除运动伪迹。之后的存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例三十六
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图26b所示的结构,传感器包含一个光探测器、两个光源和三个偏振片和一个分束器。偏振片2、3的目的是要使用普通光源来生成偏振光源。若使用激光作为光源(如激光二极管),则激光天然就有偏振性,此时可以取消偏振片2、3。光源与光探测器均与皮肤有一段距离,两个光源及偏振片分别位于分束器的反射和透射方向。偏振片1和偏振片3的偏振方向相同,偏振片2的偏振方向与它们垂直。分束器反射与透射的分量相等。传感器工作时,光源1和光源2交替发光,光探测器分别在光源1和光源2发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于偏振片1和偏振片3的偏振方向相同,故光源1发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号1中包含浅表反射光的平行分量与多次后向散射光的平行分量。由于偏振片2和偏振片3的偏振方向垂直,故光源2发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号2中不包含浅表反射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量。令光源1和光源2发光亮度相同,由于分束器反射与透射的分量相等,故它们发光时产生的多次后向散射光相等。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,浅表反射光为IR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有
I1=IR||+IB||
I2=IB⊥
浅表反射光只有平行分量,多次后向散射光无偏振特性,所以
IR=IR||
IB=2IB⊥
那么,浅表反射光和多次后向散射光分别可由以下两式求出
IR=I1-I2
IB=2I2
处理模块将IR和IB作为输入信号通过自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。之后的存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例三十七
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图26c所示的结构,传感器包含一个光探测器、两个光源和三个偏振片和一个分束器。偏振片2、3的目的是要使用普通光源来生成偏振光源。若使用激光作为光源(如激光二 极管),则激光天然就有偏振性,此时可以取消偏振片2和3。光探测器紧贴皮肤表面,两个光源可以与皮肤有一段距离,也可以紧贴皮肤表面,两个光源及偏振片分别位于分束器的反射和透射方向。偏振片1和偏振片3的偏振方向相同,偏振片2的偏振方向与它们垂直。分束器反射与透射的分量相等。传感器工作时,光源1和光源2交替发光,光探测器分别在光源1和光源2发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于偏振片1和偏振片3的偏振方向相同,故光源1发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号1中包含少次后向散射光的平行分量与多次后向散射光的平行分量。由于偏振片2和偏振片3的偏振方向垂直,故光源2发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号2中不包含少次后向散射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量。令光源1和光源2发光亮度相同,由于分束器反射与透射的分量相等,故它们发光时产生的多次后向散射光相等。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,少次后向散射光为IBR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有
I1=IBR||+IB||
I2=IB⊥
少次后向散射光只有平行分量,多次后向散射光无偏振特性,所以
IBR=IBR||
IB=2IB⊥
那么,浅表反射光和多次后向散射光分别可由以下两式求出
IBR=I1-I2
IB=2I2
处理模块将IBR和IB作为输入信号通过自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。之后的存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例三十八
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图26d所示的结构,传感器包含一个光探测器、两个光源和两个偏振片和一个分束器。偏振片2的目的是要使用普通光源来生成偏振光源。若使用激光作为光源(如激光二极管),则激光天然就有偏振性,此时可以取消偏振片2。光源与光探测器均与皮肤有一段距离,光源1位于分束器的反射方向,光源2和偏振片2位于分束器的透射方向。偏振片1和偏振片2的偏振方向互相垂直。分束器反射与透射的分量相等。传感器工作时,光源1和光源2交替发光,光探测器分别在光源1和光源2发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信 号2。由于光源1下没有偏振片,故光源1发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号1中包含浅表反射光的平行分量与多次后向散射光的平行分量。由于偏振片1和偏振片2的偏振方向垂直,故光源2发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号2中不包含浅表反射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量。令光源1的发光亮度和光源2发出的光通过偏振片2的亮度相同,由于分束器反射与透射的分量相等,故它们发光时产生的多次后向散射光相等。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,浅表反射光为IR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有
I1=IR||+IB||
I2=IB⊥
光源1发光时,浅表反射光无偏振。光源1和光源2发光时,多次后向散射光无偏振特性,所以
IR=2IR||
IB=2IB⊥
那么,浅表反射光和多次后向散射光分别可由以下两式求出
IR=2(I1-I2)
IB=2I2
处理模块将IR和IB作为输入信号通过自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。之后的存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例三十九
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图26e所示的结构,传感器包含一个光探测器、两个光源和两个偏振片和一个分束器。偏振片2的目的是要使用普通光源来生成偏振光源。若使用激光作为光源(如激光二极管),则激光天然就有偏振性,此时可以取消偏振片2。光探测器紧贴皮肤表面,两个光源可以与皮肤有一段距离,也可以紧贴皮肤表面,两个光源及偏振片分别位于分束器的反射和透射方向。偏振片1和偏振片2的偏振方向互相垂直。分束器反射与透射的分量相等。传感器工作时,光源1和光源2交替发光,光探测器分别在光源1和光源2发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于光源1下没有偏振片,故光源1发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号1中包含少次后向散射光的平行分量与多次后向散射光的平行分量。由于偏振片1和偏振片2的偏振方向垂直,故光源2发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号2中不 包含少次后向散射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量。令光源1的发光亮度和光源2发出的光通过偏振片2的亮度相同,由于分束器反射与透射的分量相等,故它们发光时产生的多次后向散射光相等。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,少次后向散射光为IBR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有
I1=IBR||+IB||
I2=IB⊥
光源1发光时,少次后向散射光无偏振。光源1和光源2发光时,多次后向散射光无偏振特性,所以
IBR=2IR||
IB=2IB⊥
那么,少次后向散射光和多次后向散射光分别可由以下两式求出
IBR=2(I1-I2)
IB=2I2
处理模块将IBR和IB作为输入信号通过自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。之后的存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例四十
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图27a所示的结构,传感器包含一个光源、两个光探测器、一个偏振片和一个偏振分束器。偏振片3的目的是要使用普通光源来生成偏振光源。若使用激光作为光源(如激光二极管),则激光天然就有偏振性,此时可以取消偏振片3。光源与光探测器均与皮肤有一段距离,两个光探测器分别位于偏振分束器的反射和透射方向。偏振分束器反射偏振方向与偏振片相同,透射偏振方向与偏振片垂直,反射与透射的分量相等。传感器工作时,光探测器1和光探测器2都在光源发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于偏振分束器反射偏振方向与偏振片相同,故光电探测器1采集得到的光电信号1中包含浅表反射光的平行分量与多次后向散射光的平行分量。由于偏振分束器透射偏振方向与偏振片相反,故光电探测器2采集得到的光电信号2中不包含浅表反射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,浅表反射光为IR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有
I1=IR||+IB||
I2=IB⊥
浅表反射光只有平行分量,多次后向散射光无偏振特性,所以
IR=IR||
IB=2IB⊥
那么,浅表反射光和多次后向散射光分别可由以下两式求出
IR=I1-I2
IB=2I2
处理模块将IR和IB作为输入信号通过自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。之后的存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例四十一
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图27b所示的结构,传感器包含一个光源、两个光探测器、一个偏振片和一个偏振分束器。偏振片3的目的是要使用普通光源来生成偏振光源。若使用激光作为光源(如激光二极管),则激光天然就有偏振性,此时可以取消偏振片3。光源紧贴皮肤表面,两个光探测器可以与皮肤有一段距离,也可以紧贴皮肤表面,两个光探测器及偏振片分别位于分束器的反射和透射方向。偏振分束器反射偏振方向与偏振片相同,透射偏振方向与偏振片垂直,反射与透射的分量相等。传感器工作时,光探测器1和光探测器2都在光源发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于偏振分束器反射偏振方向与偏振片相同,故光电探测器1采集得到的光电信号1中包含少次后向散射光的平行分量与多次后向散射光的平行分量。由于偏振分束器透射偏振方向与偏振片相反,故光电探测器2采集得到的光电信号2中不包含少次后向散射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,少次后向散射光为IBR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有
I1=IBR||+IB||
I2=IB⊥
少次后向散射光只有平行分量,多次后向散射光无偏振特性,所以
IBR=IBR||
IB=2IB⊥
那么,少次后向散射光和多次后向散射光分别可由以下两式求出
IBR=I1-I2
IB=2I2
处理模块将IBR和IB作为输入信号通过自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。之后的存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例四十二
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图27c所示的结构,传感器包含一个光探测器、两个光源和一个偏振片和一个偏振分束器。光源与光探测器均与皮肤有一段距离,两个光源分别位于偏振分束器的反射和透射方向。偏振分束器反射偏振方向与偏振片相同,透射偏振方向与偏振片垂直,反射与透射的分量相等。传感器工作时,光源1和光源2交替发光,光探测器分别在光源1和光源2发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于偏振分束器反射偏振方向与偏振片相同,故光源1发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号1中包含浅表反射光的平行分量与多次后向散射光的平行分量。由于偏振分束器透射偏振方向与偏振片垂直,故光源2发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号2中不包含浅表反射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量。令光源1和光源2发光亮度相同,由于偏振分束器反射与透射的分量相等,故它们发光时产生的多次后向散射光相等。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,浅表反射光为IR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有:
I1=IR||+IB||
I2=IB⊥
浅表反射光只有平行分量,多次后向散射光无偏振特性,所以
IR=IR||
IB=2IB⊥
那么,浅表反射光和多次后向散射光分别可由以下两式求出
IR=I1-I2
IB=2I2
处理模块将IR和IB作为输入信号通过自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。之后的存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。
实施例四十三
一种生命体征信号检测装置,可以包括不同于实施例一所述的采集模块,该采集模块可以是如图27d所示的结构,传感器包含一个光探测器、两个光源和一个偏振片和一个偏振分束器。光探测器紧贴皮肤表面,两个光源可以与皮肤有一段距离,也可以紧贴皮肤表面,两个光源及偏振片分别位于偏振分束器的反射和透射方向。偏振分束器反射偏振方向与偏振片相同,透射偏振方向与偏振片垂直,反射与透射的分量相等。传感器工作时,光源1和光源2交替发光,光探测器分别在光源1和光源2发光时采集反射信号,得到光电信号1和光电信号2。由于偏振分束器反射偏振方向与偏振片相同,故光源1发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号1中包含少次后向散射光的平行分量与多次后向散射光的平行分量。由于偏振分束器透射偏振方向与偏振片垂直,故光源2发光时光电探测器采集得到的光电信号2中不包含少次后向散射光,只包含多次后向散射光的垂直分量。令光源1和光源2发光亮度相同,由于偏振分束器反射与透射的分量相等,故它们发光时产生的多次后向散射光相等。记光电信号1为I1,光电信号2为I2,少次后向散射光为IBR,多次后向散射光为IB,下标||和⊥分别表示平行分量和垂直分量,则有:
I1=IBR||+IB||
I2=IB⊥
少次后向散射光只有平行分量,多次后向散射光无偏振特性,所以
IBR=IBR||
IB=2IB⊥
那么,少次后向散射光和多次后向散射光分别可由以下两式求出
IBR=I1-I2
IB=2I2
处理模块将IBR和IB作为输入信号通过自适应噪声消除算法去除运动伪迹。之后的存储模块、输出模块的作用和操作步骤均与实施例一中相同。

Claims (50)

  1. 一个设备,其特征在于,包括:
    第一信号源,位于第一位置,用于向一生命体表面发射第一光束;
    第一信号接收装置,位于第二位置,用于接收所述物体反射的第一信号,所述第一信号与第一光束相关;
    第二信号接收装置,位于第三位置,用于接收所述物体反射的第二信号,所述第二信号与第一光束相关,所述第二信号不同于所述第一信号;
    一个处理器,根据所述第一信号和所述第二信号,计算所述生命体的一种生命体征信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一信号接收装置包括一个光电传感器。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一信号包括一个PPG信号和一个所述生命体的运动信号。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第二信号包括所述生命体的运动信号。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一位置到所述第二位置的距离大于所述第一位置到所述第三位置的距离。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一位置到所述生命体表面的距离小于所述第三位置到所述生命体表面的距离。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,包括第二信号源,位于第四位置,用于向所述物体发射第二光束。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于,包括一元件,位于所述第二信号接收装置和所述生命体之间,所述元件改变所述第二信号的传播方向。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,所述元件包括一个透镜或一个光导。
  10. 根据权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一信号源向所述生命体表面发射的第一光束为偏振光。
  11. 根据权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于,包括第一偏振装置,位于所述第二信号接收装置和所述生命体之间。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一偏振装置包括一个线偏振器。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的装置,其特征在于,至少包括一个分束器,用于把生命体的反射信号分解成两个部分。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的装置,其特征在于,所述分束器包括一个偏振分束器,所述生命体的反射信号被分解成两个不同偏振方向的偏振光。
  15. 根据权利要求11所述的装置,其特征在于,包括第二偏振装置,位于所述第一信号接收装置和所述生命体之间。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的装置,其特征在于,包括第三偏振装置,位于所述第一信号源和所述生命体之间。
  17. 根据权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第二信号接收装置位于所述第一光束的法线附近。
  18. 根据权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于,所述处理模块计算所述生命体的心率信息。
  19. 一个设备,其特征在于,包括:
    第一信号源,位于第一位置,用于向一生命体表面发射第一光束;
    第二信号源,位于第二位置,用于向所述生命体表面发射第二光束;
    第一信号接收装置,位于第三位置,用于分时接收所述生命体反射的第一信号和第二信号,所述第一信号与所述第一光束相关,所述第二信号与所述第二光束相关,所述第一信号不同于所述第二信号;
    一个处理器,根据所述第一信号和所述第二信号,计算所述生命体的一种生命体征信号。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一信号接收装置包括一个光电传感器。
  21. 根据权利要求19所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一信号包括一个PPG信号和一个所述生命体的运动信号。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第二信号包括所述生命体的运动信号。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一位置到所述第三位置的距离大于所述第二位置到所述第三位置的距离。
  24. 根据权利要求21所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一位置到所述生命体表面的距离小于所述第三位置到所述生命体表面的距离。
  25. 根据权利要求21所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第二位置到所述生命体表面的距离大于所述第三位置到所述生命体表面的距离。
  26. 根据权利要求22所述的装置,其特征在于,包括一元件,位于所述第二信号源和所述生命体之间,所述元件改变第二光束的传播方向。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的装置,其特征在于,所述元件包括一个透镜或一个光导。
  28. 根据权利要求22所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一光束和所述第二光束中至少有一个是偏振光;
  29. 根据权利要求22所述的装置,其特征在于,包括第一偏振装置,位于所述第一信号接收装置和所述生命体之间。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的装置,其特征在于,所述偏振装置包括一个线偏振器。
  31. 根据权利要求29所述的装置,其特征在于,包括第二偏振装置,位于所述第二信号源和所述生命体之间。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的装置,其特征在于,包括第三偏振装置,位于所述第一信号源和所述生命体之间。
  33. 根据权利要求21所述的装置,其特征在于,至少包括一分束器,用于使所述第一光束和所述第二光束都照射在所述生命体的同一区域上。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的装置,其特征在于,所述分束器包括一个偏振分束器,用于使所述第一信号源和所述第二信号源发射的光产生不同的偏振特性。
  35. 根据权利要求29所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第二偏振装置的偏振方向与所述第一偏振装置的偏振方向垂直。
  36. 根据权利要求21所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一信号接收装置位于所述第一光束的法线附近。
  37. 根据权利要求21所述的装置,其特征在于,所述处理模块根据所述第一信号和所述第二信号获取所述生命体的心率信息。
  38. 一个方法,其特征在于,包括:
    发射第一光束到一生命体表面;
    采集所述生命体反射的第一信号;
    采集所述生命体反射的第二信号;
    所述第一信号和所述第二信号与第一光束相关,所述第二信号不同与所述第一信号;
    根据所述第一信号和所述第二信号,计算所述生命体的一种生命体征信号。
  39. 根据权利要求38所述的方法,其特征在于,使用光电传感器分别接收所述第一信号和所述第二信号。
  40. 根据权利要求38所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一信号包括一个PPG信号和一个所述生命体的运动信号。
  41. 根据权利要求40所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二信号包括所述生命体的浅表反射信号。
  42. 根据权利要求40所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一信号在生命体内部的传播距离大于所述第二信号在生命体内部的传播距离。
  43. 根据权利要求40所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一信号中由多次后向散射光的强度大于所述第二信号中多次后向散射光的强度。
  44. 根据权利要求40所述的方法,其特征在于,包括使用一元件,所述元件改变所述第一信号在生命体外的传播方向。
  45. 根据权利要求44所述的方法,其特征在于,所述元件包括一个透镜或一个光导。
  46. 根据权利要求40所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一光束包括一偏振光。
  47. 根据权利要求40所述的方法,其特征在于,包含使用第一偏振装置,所述第一偏振装置使第一信号和/或第二信号具有偏振特性。
  48. 根据权利要求47所述的方法,其特征在于,所述偏振装置包括一个线偏振器。
  49. 根据权利要求47所述的方法,其特征在于,包含使用第二偏振装置,所述第二偏振装置使第一光束和/或第二光束具有偏振特性。
  50. 根据权利要求38所述的方法,其特征在于,根据第一信号和第二信号获取所述生命体的心率信息。
PCT/CN2016/100425 2015-09-30 2016-09-27 一种生命体征测量装置及方法 Ceased WO2017054715A1 (zh)

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