WO2017109035A1 - Tri de morceaux de matières premières - Google Patents

Tri de morceaux de matières premières Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017109035A1
WO2017109035A1 PCT/EP2016/082305 EP2016082305W WO2017109035A1 WO 2017109035 A1 WO2017109035 A1 WO 2017109035A1 EP 2016082305 W EP2016082305 W EP 2016082305W WO 2017109035 A1 WO2017109035 A1 WO 2017109035A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
raw material
pieces
conveyor belt
gas pressure
composition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2016/082305
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Philipp Soest
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Proassort Gmbh
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Proassort Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Proassort Gmbh filed Critical Proassort Gmbh
Publication of WO2017109035A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017109035A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/02—Measures preceding sorting, e.g. arranging articles in a stream orientating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
    • B07C5/363—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air
    • B07C5/367—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a plurality of separation means
    • B07C5/368—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a plurality of separation means actuated independently
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
    • G01N21/718—Laser microanalysis, i.e. with formation of sample plasma

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for sorting pieces of raw material, which are subjected to a sensory, preferably spectroscopic analysis of the composition, wherein the pieces of raw material are applied to a conveyor belt and moved through this in the conveying direction, a sensory analysis of the composition of the pieces of raw material is performed and the raw material pieces are sorted into individual target fractions as a function of the determined composition by being acted upon with gas pressure pulses, preferably air pressure pulses, or mechanical pulses transversely to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt.
  • gas pressure pulses preferably air pressure pulses, or mechanical pulses transversely to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt.
  • the invention also relates to a device with which the method according to the invention can be carried out.
  • the secondary raw materials are usually present as fractions, which consist of a large number of individual pieces of raw materials.
  • the individual fractions usually originate from individual disposal points (places of origin), old scrap is made from raw materials different and undefined origin together. Examples include non-ferrous metal fractions from large shredder plants or metallic waste from waste incineration. Even the elimination of Neuschrotten from a certain point of disposal may in turn have different chemical compositions in the individual pieces. Overall, therefore, the individual fractions are presorted at best in terms of belonging to a base material, but often differ significantly in their chemical composition in the alloy spectrum. For example, meta lisch rotte composed of individual parts of different alloy contents together.
  • a sorting of the pieces of raw materials according to their chemical composition is indispensable.
  • Spectroscopic methods in particular LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) are suitable for this purpose.
  • LIBS laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
  • This surface-sensitive method is in principle very suitable for determining the composition of a piece of raw material within very short times, but requires at the time of measurement a sufficiently deep penetration into the surface of the material and this a quiet position of the piece of raw material on the conveyor unit.
  • many pieces of raw materials are provided with a surface coating. For example, a large part of the recycled steel scrap is galvanized.
  • a LIBS measurement on the untreated piece of raw material would therefore, lead to a falsified result, which is why the actual determination of the composition often has to be preceded by an ablation step in which takes place at least in the areas of the piece of raw material, in which finally the determination of the composition is carried out first a detachment of the surface coating.
  • the ablation that is, the detachment of the surface coating by evaporation, is performed using a laser, either with the same laser used to determine the composition, or with a separate laser.
  • the ablated areas are very small. They move in the range of a few tenths of a square millimeter.
  • This object is achieved by a method for sorting pieces of raw materials, which are subjected to a sensory, preferably spectroscopic analysis of the composition, with the following steps: - Applying the raw material pieces on a conveyor belt moving in the conveying direction
  • composition of the pieces of raw material is understood in the context of the invention to mean the chemical composition.
  • the lateral fixation of the pieces of raw material is to be understood that the movement of the pieces of raw material on the conveyor belt is limited as far as possible transverse to the conveying direction. However, it does not always have to be an absolute fixation, in particular it is not a permanent fixation.
  • the conveyor belt has a V-shaped or U-shaped view, at least in the section in which the sensory analysis is taken, in cross-section, in particular lateral or lateral movements of the pieces of raw material are effectively prevented.
  • the Raw material has a tendency through the V or U shape to remain in the lowest point of the conveyor belt, typically in the middle of the conveyor belt. This is especially true even if the piece of raw material, for example, has a round or cylindrical shape, in other words would greatly tend to roll away laterally in a flat configuration of the conveyor belt.
  • the V or U shape of the conveyor belt Due to the V or U shape of the conveyor belt, this has two lateral flanks, which form an angle to the horizontal. Between the two flanks, the pieces of raw material are transported on the conveyor belt.
  • the V / U shape of the conveyor belt is to be understood as having a V or U shape in the area in which the pieces of raw material come to lie, so that the pieces of raw material are positioned between the two flanks; in principle, the V or U shape does not exclude that, viewed in cross section, deviating shapes are present laterally of the V or U and, for example, the overall result is a W shape.
  • the flanks of the conveyor belt form in the section in which the sensory analysis is made, to the horizontal preferably an angle of 10 - 70 °, preferably 20 - 60 °, more preferably 30 - 50 °. These angles have proven to be suitable for laterally fixing the pieces of raw material between the flanks laterally to the extent that erroneous assignment of the measurement results or faulty sorting of the pieces of raw material to target fractions is largely ruled out.
  • the loading of the pieces of raw material with gas pressure pulses transversely to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt is to be understood that the gas pressure surges have at least one component transverse to the conveying direction, but not necessarily have to run in the horizontal direction.
  • the gas pressure pulse typically runs along the surface of the flank of the conveyor belt, ie at an angle to the horizontal which corresponds at least approximately to the angle of the flank of the conveyor belt.
  • the use of mechanical pulses is also conceivable. In this case, the pieces of raw material are pushed out of the conveyor belt, as it were, by mechanical means.
  • the statements made regarding gas pressure pulses apply correspondingly.
  • At least one flank of the conveyor belt is flattened in the section in which the raw material pieces are subjected to gas pressure pulses / mechanical pulses. This occurs at least on the side of the conveyor belt which faces the target fractions.
  • a flattening of both flanks is also conceivable, in particular if, for example, pulses are applied from both sides of the conveyor belt to the pieces of raw material in order to introduce them into target fractions on different sides of the conveyor belt.
  • the flattening of the conveyor belt has the advantage that the raw material piece can be moved down here more easily from the conveyor belt by means of a gas pressure or mechanical impulse and introduced into a target fraction.
  • the conveyor belt can also be completely flattened in certain areas, in other words be planar, in particular where neither a determination of the composition, an ablation or a sorting into target fractions takes place.
  • the returning conveyor belt can be flat / plan.
  • the conveyor belt used in the invention must be such that a certain deformability is given, it can take particular V-shaped or U-shape in some areas. It typically has a thickness of 3 to 10 mm, preferably 5 to 6 mm.
  • Suitable for the production of the conveyor belt are in particular polyester fabric, polyamide fabric or polyester / polyamide blend fabrics. As polyamide and aromatic polyamides (aramids) can be used.
  • the adjustment of the angle of the conveyor belt to the horizontal is preferably carried out by arranged at appropriate angles baffles or rollers, over which the conveyor belt is guided.
  • the conveyor belt is thus in each case a certain angle impressed at the corresponding points, which form the flanks of the conveyor belt to the horizontal.
  • the setting of the angle is preferably not abrupt, but steadily or stepwise within a longitudinal section of the conveyor belt.
  • the collecting container can be positioned directly to the side of the conveyor belt or with a certain distance, in the latter case, means should be provided for collecting the individual pieces of raw material. From these, the pieces of raw material then pass, for example, by simply sliding into the respective collecting container.
  • the collecting container or the means for collecting the pieces of raw material should each have a lateral boundary to ensure a clear separation of adjacent collecting containers / collecting means and to avoid mixing of the pieces of raw material.
  • Valves that are integrated in an air strip often require control air for opening / closing the valve (the nozzle) and also sorting air for discharging the piece of raw material by means of a targeted air blast. It is also possible to combine different nozzles with one another, for example small nozzles for discharging small pieces of raw material and larger nozzles for applying larger quantities of gas to larger pieces of raw material.
  • the analysis of the composition of the raw material pieces and the assignment to individual target fractions is automated.
  • the system thus recognizes due to the sensory, preferably spectroscopic analysis of the composition of a particular piece of raw material, in which target fraction the respective piece of raw material is to be sorted.
  • the important parameters in this context for example minimum or maximum content of different elements, are entered into the system in advance.
  • the gas pressure or mechanical impulses are exercised accordingly.
  • the system preferably has a device for data processing (control unit) which automatically calculates which nozzles for generating the gas pressure pulses have to be opened for the correct sorting to individual target fractions over a period of time.
  • the shape and possibly the mass can be taken into account.
  • the shape and possibly the mass can be taken into account.
  • the sensory analysis of the composition of the pieces of raw material is preferably a spectroscopic method. In this case, the analysis can also be carried out in the combination of different sensory and / or spectroscopic methods which are coordinated with respect to the task.
  • a scan of the laser can be made.
  • the laser beam tracks the piece of raw material during the conveying process and scans the light-optically defined areas of the piece of raw material to be analyzed.
  • the deflection of the laser beam from the main direction must not become too large and should not exceed 250 mm, preferably not more than 150 mm. For even greater distractions there is a risk that the emitted light scatters too much and therefore incorrect measurements occur.
  • a determination of the position of the pieces of raw material as well as a determination of spatial information regarding the pieces of raw material can be carried out.
  • the partial or complete determination of the shape of the pieces of raw material is understood as the determination of spatial information. This serves to prepare the analysis, in particular with regard to the determination of suitable measuring points.
  • the position is the position of the piece of raw material on the conveyor belt.
  • the shape, the position and / or the topography of the individual pieces of raw material can be determined with the aid of a laser-cut camera / light-section sensor preceding the actual sensory analysis. If only the information about a contour line of the piece of raw material is required in order to focus the laser for the LIBS measurement, this can also be obtained by an upstream laser triangulation.
  • the extraction of spatial information on the pieces of raw material is also possible via a (pulsed) laser, which determines parallel to the transport direction a contour line of each piece of raw material over the light transit time. This serves to prepare the subsequent analysis process in the case of pieces of raw materials which, in themselves or from piece to piece, have a considerable height difference light-optical method can focus sufficiently precisely for the actual measurement.
  • the pieces of raw materials are preferably secondary raw material pieces, ie. H. Parts to be recycled.
  • secondary raw material pieces ie. H. Parts to be recycled.
  • primary raw material pieces can also be used to produce certain compositions.
  • these are meltable raw materials; ideally, these only have to be melted down in order to obtain a target melt of the desired composition, so that an admixture of other substances or a removal of substances from the melt is no longer or only to a very small extent necessary to produce a new material.
  • the inventive method can be used for different types of pieces of raw materials, namely metallic, organic and inorganic raw material pieces as well as combinations thereof. Of particular importance is the sorting of metallic raw material pieces, ferrous metals as well as non-ferrous metals. One purpose is about the sorting of different steel scrap, just as well, however, the method for copper, brass, aluminum, zinc, titanium or other metals can be used. Typical alloy systems are, for example, manganese, chromium and nickel in iron or magnesium and silicon in aluminum.
  • the size of the pieces of raw material can vary over a wide range. It essentially depends on the design of the system. This depends on the purpose. As a lower limit, the pieces of raw material must have a size that allows a sensory analysis; this is also dependent on the conveying speed. At conveying speeds ⁇ 1 m / s, it is also possible to analyze pieces of raw material with a length of less than 1 cm. Whether this can be done economically must be examined on a case-by-case basis. With regard to the upper limit, the pieces of raw material should only be so large as to allow discharge by means of gas pressure pulses or mechanical devices into a single target fraction. The length of the pieces of raw material should therefore, if possible, not exceed 1 m; lengths of up to approx. 600 mm are preferred. The length of the piece of raw material is understood in this context as the largest dimension of the piece of raw material. Depending on the size of the pieces of raw material, it may be useful to crush them before analysis of the composition in order to make them easier to handle.
  • Scrap are those that have been used under certain circumstances for long periods of time, such as car bodies to be reworked or the corresponding scissors or shredder scrap.
  • Neuschrotte are those that arise in the manufacture of components, such as the remains of a sheet from which a certain shape was punched out. Also conceivable is the use in the recycling of plastic parts or glass.
  • the method according to the invention can be used within the scope of a scrap processing, as described in DE 10 2012 015 812 A1, or within the scope of an assorting method (DE 10 2012 024 816 A1), in which target fractions of recyclable raw materials with certain desired compositions are produced. In this regard, reference is made to the aforementioned documents.
  • the pieces of raw material are at least roughly presorted with regard to their basic composition, for example with regard to the base material or the layer system, or else with regard to their size.
  • a known basic composition it can be decided whether a treatment of the pieces of raw material with mechanical processes or with one or more liquids for cleaning the surface and / or for detachment of surface coatings, ie blasting or pickling is necessary before the actual process according to the invention is carried out.
  • different approaches may be useful, depending on whether it is z. B. galvanized, enamelled or provided with a Kunststoffbe Anlagenung scrap or plastic remnants.
  • organic solvents such as aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, alcohols, glycol ethers, dicarboxylic acid esters, acetone, etc. may be used. Methylene chloride is used most frequently.
  • acids or bases can be used.
  • the pieces of raw material to be treated can expediently be mechanically pretreated before being brought into contact with the liquid, in particular comminuted, shredded, roughened and / or otherwise deformed in order to increase the contact surfaces to the liquid. Possibly. Drying of the pieces treated with the liquid may be carried out prior to the analysis in order to remove adhering liquid residues.
  • a suitable conveying speed of 0.5 to 6 m / s, preferably 1 to 5 m / s, more preferably 2 exposed to 4 m / s.
  • the invention also relates to a device for sorting pieces of raw materials with a conveyor belt which is suitable for moving the pieces of raw material in a conveying direction, a sensory, preferably spectroscopic measuring method for analyzing the composition of the pieces of raw material and gas pressure nozzles for pressurizing the pieces of raw material with gas pressure or mechanical devices for mechanically loading the pieces of raw material transversely to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt, wherein the conveyor belt in the section in which the spectrometer determines the composition of the pieces of raw material, a V-shaped or U-shaped with two lateral edges (14) having an angle (a) to form the horizontal (15).
  • the conveyor belt is flattened on at least one flank in the section in which the pieces of raw material with gas pressure or mechanical pulses can be acted upon.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through the conveyor belt in the section in which the raw material pieces are subjected to gas pressure pulses.
  • FIG. 1 shows a conveyor belt 1 on which a plurality of pieces of raw material 5 are moved in the conveying direction 2. To simplify the illustration, the raw material pieces 5 are arranged here relatively regularly on the conveyor belt 1, but in practice this is usually not the case.
  • the conveyor belt 1 is driven by rollers 4 and is shown here flat for illustrative reasons, in fact, it has, at least in sections, a V-shape, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
  • a waste container 8 At the end of the conveyor belt 1 is a waste container 8, in which such pieces of raw material 5 are collected, which are not accessible for further use or in which no analysis of the composition was possible.
  • the analysis of the composition of the pieces of raw material 5 is carried out with the aid of a laser 3 which generates laser pulses, it being necessary to distinguish between cleaning pulses 6 and analysis pulses 7.
  • Analysis pulses 7 a The control unit ensures that the analysis pulses 7 are directed to the locations of the pieces of raw material 5 on which a material removal by cleaning pulses 6 has previously taken place.
  • the control unit takes into account the position of the pieces of raw material 5, the speed of the conveyor belt 1 and the steering of the cleaning pulses 6 and the analysis pulses 7.
  • the position and shape of the raw material pieces 5 has been previously detected by the laser cutting camera 9, so that the control unit cleaning and 6 analysis pulses 7 to the right positions.
  • gas pressure nozzles 10 are arranged, which are applied to the raw material pieces 5, which are assigned to a specific, not shown here target fraction, from the side of the conveyor belt 1 with gas pressure pulses.
  • the control unit thus ensures that, depending on the determined composition of a particular piece of raw material 5, this is pushed by gas pressure, usually air pressure surges from the conveyor belt 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the conveyor belt 1 in the section in which the spectroscopic analysis is carried out.
  • the conveyor belt 1 is bent in the middle in such a way that two flanks 14 result, each forming an angle ⁇ to the horizontal 15. Due to the V-shape of the conveyor belt 1, the pieces of raw material 5 are so largely limited in freedom of movement that a change in position relative to the conveyor belt 1 between the determination of the position and shape by the laser-cut camera 9, the application of cleaning pulses 6 and 7 analysis pulses the laser 3 and finally the discharge by gas pressure nozzles 10 is practically excluded.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through the conveyor belt 1 in the section in which the raw material pieces 5 are subjected to gas pressure pulses 11.
  • the gas pressure nozzles 10 are gas pressure pulses 1 1 targeted to the Raw material pieces 5 exercised so that they are introduced laterally from the conveyor belt 1 in a specific target fraction 13. Due to the flat position of the target fractions facing edge 14, the discharge of the raw material pieces 5 facilitates by means of compressed air significantly.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de tri de morceaux de matières premières (5), lesquels sont soumis à une analyse à l'aide de capteurs, de préférence spectroscopique, de la composition. Selon le procédé, les morceaux de matières premières (5) sont placés sur une bande transporteuse (1) se déplaçant dans la direction de transport (2), l'analyse à l'aide de capteurs est effectuée et les morceaux de matières premières (5) sont triés en fractions cibles individuelles (13), en fonction de la composition déterminée des morceaux de matières premières (5), par sollicitation des morceaux de matières premières (5) par des impulsions de pression de gaz (11), de préférence des impulsions de pression d'air, ou des impulsions mécaniques transversalement à la direction de transport (2) de la bande transporteuse (1), la bande transporteuse (1) présentant, dans la partie où l'analyse à l'aide de capteurs a lieu, une forme en V ou en U dotée de deux flancs latéraux (14) vue en section transversale, lesquels flancs forment un angle (α) par rapport à l'horizontale (15), les morceaux de matières premières (5) étant fixés latéralement entre les deux flancs (14) de la bande transporteuse (1). Grâce à la fixation latérale des morceaux de matières premières (5), on obtient une précision élevée et les erreurs de tri sont éliminées dans une large mesure. L'invention concerne également un dispositif correspondant pour la mise en œuvre du procédé.
PCT/EP2016/082305 2015-12-22 2016-12-22 Tri de morceaux de matières premières Ceased WO2017109035A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015122570.0 2015-12-22
DE102015122570.0A DE102015122570B4 (de) 2015-12-22 2015-12-22 Sortierung von Rohstoffstücken

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WO2017109035A1 true WO2017109035A1 (fr) 2017-06-29

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Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180297091A1 (en) * 2015-12-23 2018-10-18 Hydro Aluminium Rolled Products Gmbh Method and Device for Recycling Metal Scrap
CN113210273A (zh) * 2021-04-22 2021-08-06 浙江天虞机器人智能装备有限公司 一种产品检验使用的自动化感应检验机
CN114367446A (zh) * 2022-03-01 2022-04-19 山东科技大学 一种电子商务用智能识别装置
CN116380870A (zh) * 2021-12-24 2023-07-04 北京理工大学 一种基于co2激光器加热干燥样品的libs在线检测辅助装置
CN117019682A (zh) * 2023-10-08 2023-11-10 山东力达智能车辆产业技术研究院有限公司 一种房车生产制造用零部件角度测量装置及方法

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DE102012015812A1 (de) 2011-08-10 2013-02-14 ProASSORT GmbH Stahlschrottsortierung
DE102012024816A1 (de) 2011-12-19 2013-06-20 ProASSORT GmbH Verfahren zum Assortieren von Rohsoffen

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180297091A1 (en) * 2015-12-23 2018-10-18 Hydro Aluminium Rolled Products Gmbh Method and Device for Recycling Metal Scrap
US10486209B2 (en) * 2015-12-23 2019-11-26 Hydro Aluminium Rolled Products Gmbh Method and device for recycling metal scrap
CN113210273A (zh) * 2021-04-22 2021-08-06 浙江天虞机器人智能装备有限公司 一种产品检验使用的自动化感应检验机
CN116380870A (zh) * 2021-12-24 2023-07-04 北京理工大学 一种基于co2激光器加热干燥样品的libs在线检测辅助装置
CN114367446A (zh) * 2022-03-01 2022-04-19 山东科技大学 一种电子商务用智能识别装置
CN114367446B (zh) * 2022-03-01 2023-07-21 山东科技大学 一种电子商务用智能识别装置
CN117019682A (zh) * 2023-10-08 2023-11-10 山东力达智能车辆产业技术研究院有限公司 一种房车生产制造用零部件角度测量装置及方法
CN117019682B (zh) * 2023-10-08 2024-01-05 山东力达智能车辆产业技术研究院有限公司 一种房车生产制造用零部件角度测量装置及方法

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DE102015122570A1 (de) 2017-06-22

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