WO2017128724A1 - Procédé de charge de batterie rechargeable - Google Patents

Procédé de charge de batterie rechargeable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017128724A1
WO2017128724A1 PCT/CN2016/098467 CN2016098467W WO2017128724A1 WO 2017128724 A1 WO2017128724 A1 WO 2017128724A1 CN 2016098467 W CN2016098467 W CN 2016098467W WO 2017128724 A1 WO2017128724 A1 WO 2017128724A1
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Prior art keywords
charging
battery
current
charge
voltage
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2016/098467
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
骆福平
曾巧
党琦
方占召
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Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
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Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of battery technology, and more particularly to a secondary battery charging method.
  • the battery energy density continues to expand, but the battery energy density is limited by the battery volume, and the expansion space is getting smaller and smaller. Under the limited energy density, the charging speed of the battery can be improved, which can effectively meet the user's demand for battery power. Therefore, batteries that can be quickly charged will stand out in the future.
  • a constant current constant voltage charging method is generally used, that is, after charging a battery to a certain voltage with a constant current, constant voltage charging is performed at the voltage.
  • the charging method using the pulse current that is, after charging for a certain period of time with a large current, discharges the battery once, thereby completing charging of the battery.
  • the constant current and constant voltage charging method will cause the battery polarization to accumulate continuously, and the battery itself has a certain internal resistance. Therefore, in the constant current charging process, the battery will not only continue to generate heat, but also the heat generation rate will be faster and faster. The battery temperature rises sharply, resulting in deterioration of battery performance and safety.
  • the charging method of the pulse current uses a constant pulse current to charge the battery, although the polarization accumulation phenomenon is improved to some extent, and the temperature rise is lowered, but the charging speed is slow. Therefore, the charging method in the prior art cannot meet the charging speed requirement of the battery while improving the polarization accumulation and lowering the temperature rise.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery charging method having an ideal charging speed by overcoming the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • the present invention provides a secondary battery charging method including the following steps:
  • Step 1 Set a set of decreasing charging current values ⁇ Ic1, Ic2, Ic3, ..., Icn ⁇ , a set of discharge current values ⁇ Id1, Id2, Id3, ..., Idn ⁇ , a set of charging time values ⁇ tc1, tc2, tc3, ..., tcn ⁇ , a set of discharge time values ⁇ td1, td2, td3, ..., tdn ⁇ , and a set of sequentially increasing charge cutoff voltage values ⁇ U1, U2, U3,... ..., Un ⁇ , where Ic1>Id1, Ic2>Id2, whil, Icn>Idn;
  • Step 2 Charging the battery, the charging current is Ic1, the charging time is tc1, then discharging the battery, the discharging current is Id1, the discharging time is td1, and so on, until the battery voltage reaches U1;
  • the charging current is Ic2
  • the charging time is tc2
  • discharging the battery is Id2
  • the discharging time is td2 and so on, until the battery voltage reaches U2;
  • the step 1 further includes the steps of setting the constant voltage charging voltage V0 and the charging off current Im, and after the step 2, further comprising charging the battery with V0 constant voltage until The step of the battery current reaching Im.
  • the charging current values ⁇ Ic1, Ic2, Ic3, ..., Icn ⁇ are in the range of 0.2C to 5C.
  • the charging time value ⁇ tc1, tc2, tc3, ..., tcn ⁇ is in the range of 0.1 s to 30 s.
  • the discharge current values ⁇ Id1, Id2, Id3, ..., Idn ⁇ are in the range of 0C to 0.2C.
  • the discharge time values ⁇ td1, td2, td3, ..., tdn ⁇ are in the range of 0.01 s to 5 s.
  • the charge cutoff voltage value ⁇ U1, U2, U3, ..., Un ⁇ is in the range of 3V to 5V.
  • the charge cutoff current Im is 0.01 C to 0.1 C.
  • the respective charging time values in the set of charging time values ⁇ tc1, tc2, tc3, ..., tcn ⁇ are the same or not identical.
  • the respective discharge time values in the set of discharge time values ⁇ td1, td2, td3, ..., tdn ⁇ are the same or not identical.
  • the last charge cutoff voltage value Un is the same as or different from the constant voltage charge voltage V0.
  • the battery is a lithium ion battery, a lithium metal battery, a lead acid battery, a nickel separator battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, a lithium sulfur battery, a lithium air battery, or a sodium ion battery.
  • the method further comprises the step of placing the battery in an environment of 0 to 60 ° C, and this step is completed before the second step.
  • the secondary battery charging method of the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects: using a pulse charging method with a gradually decreasing amplitude, effectively improving polarization accumulation during battery charging, and reducing battery temperature rise, significantly Increased battery charging speed.
  • 1 is a graph showing a charging current of a secondary battery charging method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing a charging current according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a graph showing the charging current of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Example 4 is a comparison diagram of charging currents of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a comparison diagram of battery SOCs of Example 1 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1.
  • Figure 7 is a graph showing the comparison of the surface temperatures of the cells of Example 1 of the present invention and Comparative Example 1.
  • the secondary battery charging method of the present invention includes the following steps.
  • Step 2 Charging the battery, the charging current is Ic1, the charging time is tc1, then discharging the battery, the discharging current is Id1, the discharging time is td1, and so on, until the battery voltage reaches U1;
  • Step 3 Charge the battery with a constant voltage V0 until the battery current reaches the charge cut-off current Im.
  • the battery system used in the examples and comparative examples was a battery system in which LiCoO 2 was used as a cathode and graphite was used as an anode.
  • C is a unit of magnification with respect to the nominal capacity of the battery. For example, when the nominal capacity of the battery is 1000 mAh and the battery is discharged at a current of 0.5 C, the discharge current is 500 mA. At 25 ° C, the battery has a full charge capacity of 3750 mAh.
  • Embodiment 1 the specific steps of Embodiment 1 are as follows:
  • step 2) until the battery voltage reaches 4.15V;
  • step 4) until the battery voltage reaches 4.25V;
  • step 6) Repeat step 6) until the battery voltage reaches 4.4V;
  • Embodiment 2 The specific steps of Embodiment 2 are as follows:
  • step 2) until the battery voltage reaches 4.15V;
  • step 4) until the battery voltage reaches 4.25V;
  • step 6) Repeat step 6) until the battery voltage reaches 4.4V;
  • Embodiment 3 The specific steps of Embodiment 3 are as follows:
  • step 2) until the battery voltage reaches 4.1V;
  • step 4) until the battery voltage reaches 4.2V;
  • step 6) Repeat step 6) until the battery voltage reaches 4.35V;
  • step 6) until the battery voltage reaches 4.4V;
  • Embodiment 4 The specific steps of Embodiment 4 are as follows:
  • step 2) until the battery voltage reaches 4.1V;
  • step 4) until the battery voltage reaches 4.2V;
  • step 6) Repeat step 6) until the battery voltage reaches 4.35V;
  • step 6) until the battery voltage reaches 4.4V;
  • Embodiment 5 The specific steps of Embodiment 5 are as follows:
  • step 2) until the battery voltage reaches 3.6V;
  • step 4) until the battery voltage reaches 4.0V;
  • step 6) Repeat step 6) until the battery voltage reaches 4.4V;
  • Embodiment 6 The specific steps of Embodiment 6 are as follows:
  • step 2) until the battery voltage reaches 3.6V;
  • step 4) until the battery voltage reaches 4.0V;
  • step 6) Repeat step 6) until the battery voltage reaches 4.4V;
  • Embodiment 7 The specific steps of Embodiment 7 are as follows:
  • step 2) until the battery voltage reaches 4.1V;
  • step 4) until the battery voltage reaches 4.25V;
  • step 6) Repeat step 6) until the battery voltage reaches 4.4V;
  • Embodiment 8 The specific steps of Embodiment 8 are as follows:
  • step 2) until the battery voltage reaches 4.1V;
  • step 4) until the battery voltage reaches 4.25V;
  • step 6) Repeat step 6) until the battery voltage reaches 4.4V;
  • Embodiment 9 The specific steps of Embodiment 9 are as follows:
  • step 2) until the battery voltage reaches 4.0V;
  • step 4) until the battery voltage reaches 4.2V;
  • step 6) Repeat step 6) until the battery voltage reaches 4.4V;
  • Embodiment 10 The specific steps of Embodiment 10 are as follows:
  • step 2) until the battery voltage reaches 4.0V;
  • step 4) until the battery voltage reaches 4.2V;
  • step 6) Repeat step 6) until the battery voltage reaches 4.4V;
  • Embodiment 11 The specific steps of Embodiment 11 are as follows:
  • step 2) until the battery voltage reaches 4.0V;
  • step 4) until the battery voltage reaches 4.2V;
  • step 6) Repeat step 6) until the battery voltage reaches 4.4V;
  • Embodiment 12 The specific steps of Embodiment 12 are as follows:
  • step 2) until the battery voltage reaches 4.0V;
  • step 4) until the battery voltage reaches 4.2V;
  • step 6) Repeat step 6) until the battery voltage reaches 4.4V;
  • Embodiment 13 The specific steps of Embodiment 13 are as follows:
  • step 2) until the battery voltage reaches 4.0V;
  • step 4) until the battery voltage reaches 4.2V;
  • step 6) Repeat step 6) until the battery voltage reaches 4.3V;
  • step 8) until the battery voltage reaches 4.35V;
  • Embodiment 14 The specific steps of Embodiment 14 are as follows:
  • step 2) until the battery voltage reaches 4.0V;
  • step 4) until the battery voltage reaches 4.2V;
  • step 6) Repeat step 6) until the battery voltage reaches 4.3V;
  • step 8) until the battery voltage reaches 4.35V;
  • Comparative Example 1 The specific steps of Comparative Example 1 are as follows:
  • Comparative Example 2 The specific steps of Comparative Example 2 are as follows:
  • Example 4 is a comparative diagram of charging current changes with time in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. It can be seen from the figure that in the pulse charging phase, Embodiment 1 charges the battery by alternately charging the pulse current and the discharge pulse current, and Comparative Example 1 charges the battery by means of constant current charging.
  • the charge pulse current value of Example 1 was greater than the constant current value of Comparative Example 1 at the same time, and Example 1 entered the constant voltage charge phase earlier than Comparative Example 1.
  • the charging current of Embodiment 1 is less than the charging current of Comparative Example 1, and when the charging off current is reached, the time required for Embodiment 1 of the entire charging process is less than the time required for Comparative Example 1,
  • Fig. 5 is a graph showing the comparison of charging voltages of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 with time. It can be seen from the figure that in the pulse charging phase, the charging voltage of Embodiment 1 is greater than the charging voltage of Comparative Example 1 at the same time, and when the charging cutoff voltage is reached, the time required for Embodiment 1 is less than the time required for Comparative Example 1, which It is shown that the first embodiment has a higher battery SOC (State Of Charge) before entering the constant voltage charging phase.
  • SOC State Of Charge
  • Fig. 6 is a comparison diagram of SOC changes with time in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
  • the battery SOC of Embodiment 1 is larger than the battery SOC of Comparative Example 1 at the same time, and when the battery is fully charged, the time required for Embodiment 1 is less than the time required for Comparative Example 1. This indicates that the charging speed of Example 1 was faster than that of Comparative Example 1.
  • Fig. 7 is a graph showing the comparison of the surface temperature of the cells of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 with time. It can be seen from the figure that the surface temperature of the cell of Example 1 is less than the surface temperature of the cell of Comparative Example 1 for most of the charging process, and the surface temperature of the cell of Example 1 is slightly larger than that of the cell of Comparative Example 1 at other times. And the maximum value of the surface temperature of the cell of Example 1 is smaller than the maximum value of the surface temperature of the cell of Comparative Example 1. This indicates that Example 1 better suppressed the temperature rise during battery charging with respect to Comparative Example 1.
  • Table 1 is a comparison table of charging parameters, battery temperature and charging time of the examples and comparative examples, wherein Ic represents a charging current value, Id represents a discharging current value, tc represents a charging time value, td represents a discharging time value, and U represents a charging cutoff voltage. Value, I0 represents the constant current charging current, and Im represents the charging cutoff current.
  • the time taken to the battery SOC of 80% was reduced by 12.4 min, 13.6 min, 31.4 min, 32.4 min, 29.8 min, 29.1 min, respectively.
  • the maximum temperature of the surface of the cell during the charging process of Examples 11 and 12 is reduced by 0.5 ° C and 0.4 ° C, respectively, and the time taken for charging to the battery SOC of 80% is respectively Reduced by 127min, 123min.
  • the charging method of the present invention reduces the temperature rise during battery charging compared to the conventional constant current and constant voltage charging method, and improves the charging speed of the battery.
  • the secondary battery charging method of the present invention includes a plurality of pulse charging phases and a constant voltage charging phase.
  • each pulse charging phase alternately charges the battery with a corresponding charging pulse current and a discharging pulse current until the battery voltage reaches a cut-off voltage corresponding to each pulse charging phase.
  • the charging pulse current corresponding to each pulse charging phase is sequentially decreased, and the charging pulse current is greater than the corresponding discharging pulse current.
  • the cutoff voltage corresponding to each pulse charging phase is sequentially increased.
  • the pulse charging method can avoid the rapid accumulation of battery polarization, reduce the temperature rise of the battery during charging, and charge the battery with a larger current to increase the charging speed and increase the safety of the battery, but
  • the battery is charged with a constant charging pulse current, and the charging pulse current value is still limited, and the charging speed is still unable to meet the needs of people.
  • the present invention sets a plurality of pulse charging phases, and the charging pulse current corresponding to each pulse charging phase is sequentially decreased, so that the first few In the pulse charging phase, you can set a larger charge.
  • Pulse current value Since the charging pulse current corresponding to the previous several charging stages is large, the requirement for rapid charging of the battery can be satisfied, and the pulse charging and the pulse discharging are alternately performed, thereby improving the polarization accumulation of the large current charging, and thus the charging method of the present invention is more advanced.
  • a constant pulse current value charging method has a faster charging speed.
  • the charging speed can be measured by the amount of charge charged by the battery for a certain period of time.
  • the charging step is included in the charging process, which causes the amount of charge to be charged into the battery to decrease, thereby affecting the charging speed.
  • each charging pulse current is greater than the corresponding discharging pulse current, and the discharging time is short, so the battery discharge of the present invention does not have a large influence on the battery voltage or SOC, that is, does not affect the battery. Charging speed.
  • the present invention is provided.
  • the charge pulse current value is sequentially decreased.
  • charging is performed using a larger charging pulse current
  • charging is performed using a smaller charging pulse current until all pulse charging phases are completed. This setting can not only meet the demand for large current in the initial stage of the battery, shorten the charging time, but also avoid the polarization accumulation of the battery charging process too fast.
  • the charging method of the present invention charges the battery at a constant voltage value after the battery voltage reaches the cutoff voltage of the last pulse charging phase. As the battery SOC increases, the charging current gradually decreases until the off current is reached, the battery is full, and charging stops.
  • the charging current value, the discharging current value, the charging time value, the discharging time value, and the charging cutoff voltage value in the charging method of the present invention can be selected according to the type of the battery and the battery use temperature.
  • the charging current values ⁇ Ic1, Ic2, Ic3, ..., Icn ⁇ preferably range from 0.2C to 5C.
  • the charging time value ⁇ tc1, tc2, tc3, ..., tcn ⁇ preferably ranges from 0.1 s to 30 s.
  • the discharge current values ⁇ Id1, Id2, Id3, ..., Idn ⁇ are preferably in the range of 0C to 0.2C.
  • the discharge time value ⁇ td1, td2, td3, ..., tdn ⁇ preferably ranges from 0.01 s to 5 s.
  • Charging cutoff The pressure value ⁇ U1, U2, U3, ..., Un ⁇ preferably ranges from 3V to 5V.
  • the charge cutoff current Im is preferably 0.01 C to 0.1 C.
  • the charging environment temperature is preferably 0 to 60 °C. Under the preferred parameter conditions, the charging method of the present invention will have a more excellent technical effect.
  • the constant voltage charging voltage V0 in the constant voltage charging phase may be the same as or different from the charging cutoff voltage Un in the last pulse charging phase.
  • the constant voltage charging voltage V0 can continue to use the charging cutoff voltage Un of the last pulse charging phase, and the rated voltage of the battery can also be used.
  • the respective charging time values in a set of charging time values ⁇ tc1, tc2, tc3, ..., tcn ⁇ may or may not be identical.
  • the respective discharge time values in a set of discharge time values ⁇ td1, td2, td3, ..., tdn ⁇ may or may not be identical.
  • the comparison between the odd embodiment and the even embodiment of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, the embodiment 3 and the embodiment 4 is carried out.
  • the charging method of the invention can be realized by integrating a charging circuit into a battery charger, a battery adapter, a battery control circuit and an integrated chip, and is applied to a mobile phone, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a music player, a Bluetooth earphone, a mobile power source, and other portable devices.
  • suitable secondary battery systems include lithium ion batteries, lithium metal batteries, lead acid batteries, nickel separator batteries, and nickel hydrogen. Battery, lithium-sulfur battery, lithium air battery, sodium ion battery, etc.
  • the beneficial technical effects of the secondary battery charging method of the present invention include, but are not limited to, using a pulse charging method with a decreasing amplitude, which effectively improves the battery charging process.
  • the accumulation of polarization reduces the temperature rise of the battery and significantly increases the charging speed of the battery.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de charge de batterie rechargeable, comprenant : la configuration d'un ensemble de valeurs de courant de charge séquentiellement décroissantes (Ic1, Ic2, Ic3, …, Icn), d'un ensemble de valeurs de courant de décharge (Id1, Id2, Id3, …, Idn), d'un ensemble de valeurs de temps de charge (tc1, tc2, tc3, …, tcn), d'un ensemble de valeurs de temps de décharge (td1, td2, td3, …, tdn) et d'un ensemble de valeurs de tension de coupure de charge séquentiellement croissantes (U1, U2, U3, …, Un), une valeur de courant de charge donnée étant supérieure à la valeur de courant de décharge correspondante, et la configuration d'une tension de charge à tension constante (V0) et d'un courant de coupure de charge (Im); la réalisation d'une charge par impulsions sur une batterie en utilisant les valeurs de courant de charge, les valeurs de temps de charge, les valeurs de courant de décharge, les valeurs de temps de décharge et les valeurs de tension de coupure de charge configurées en séquence et selon une règle définie, et ensuite la réalisation d'une charge à tension constante sur la batterie avec la tension de charge à tension constante (V0) jusqu'au courant de coupure de charge (Im). Le procédé de charge de batterie rechargeable emploie un mode de charge par impulsions à amplitudes progressivement décroissantes, réduisant efficacement la polarisation dans le processus de charge de batterie, réduisant l'élévation de température de la batterie et augmentant considérablement la vitesse de charge de la batterie.
PCT/CN2016/098467 2016-01-29 2016-09-08 Procédé de charge de batterie rechargeable Ceased WO2017128724A1 (fr)

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