WO2017129232A1 - Procédé et appareil de traitement de matériau contaminé par des microbes et/ou infectieux - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de traitement de matériau contaminé par des microbes et/ou infectieux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017129232A1
WO2017129232A1 PCT/EP2016/051592 EP2016051592W WO2017129232A1 WO 2017129232 A1 WO2017129232 A1 WO 2017129232A1 EP 2016051592 W EP2016051592 W EP 2016051592W WO 2017129232 A1 WO2017129232 A1 WO 2017129232A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
chamber
introducing
ozone
concentration
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2016/051592
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English (en)
Inventor
Jens Arnold
Erwin HERREN
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Box O3 GmbH
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Box O3 GmbH
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Filing date
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Priority to PCT/EP2016/051592 priority Critical patent/WO2017129232A1/fr
Publication of WO2017129232A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017129232A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L11/00—Methods specially adapted for refuse
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Disinfection or sterilisation of materials or objects, in general; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/16—Disinfection or sterilisation of materials or objects, in general; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
    • A61L2/20—Gaseous substances, e.g. vapours
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Disinfection or sterilisation of materials or objects, in general; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/16—Disinfection or sterilisation of materials or objects, in general; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
    • A61L2/20—Gaseous substances, e.g. vapours
    • A61L2/202—Ozone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Disinfection or sterilisation of materials or objects, in general; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/16—Disinfection or sterilisation of materials or objects, in general; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
    • A61L2/20—Gaseous substances, e.g. vapours
    • A61L2/208—Hydrogen peroxide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Disinfection or sterilisation of materials or objects, in general; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/24—Apparatus using programmed or automatic operation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for treating microbial contaminated and/or infectious material. More specifically, the present invention refers to the decontamination, disinfection, and
  • sterilization of contaminated and/or infectious material such that this material, e.g. medical waste or other material used in chemical, pharmaceutical, or farm- produced industry, can be safely transported and disposed of.
  • Patent applications No. US 4 156 652 and US 5 087 419 describe an apparatus which generally uses a closed circuit established between an ozone generator and a processing enclosure in which the waste to be processed is disposed. Some apparatus further provide means for injecting water or for stirring the gaseous environment or the waste, all with the object of facilitating the action of the ozone and improving its penetration. These measures as a whole can cause the chamber to operate under poor conditions since the flow of gas passing through them is humid and/or polluted by the processing enclosure and its contents.
  • a particular object of this invention is to improve the effectiveness and/or rapidity of processing by improving and enhancing the penetration of ozone-enriched air onto the material to be treated. Also, it is envisaged that the amount of ozone necessary for treating the contaminated and/or infectious materials is minimized. Finally, another object of the present invention is to provide a safer working environment and reduce the risk of the workers to be harmed.
  • the objects of the present invention are achieved by a method for treating microbial contaminated and/or infectious material in a chamber using a gas, comprising the following steps:
  • the gas used can preferably be ozone-enriched air with various concentrations.
  • Ozone has shown good properties in treating microbial contaminated and/or infectious material and is often is superior in sterilizing properties to other gases.
  • the method comprises a further step of removing the gas from the chamber, this further step being carried out after the step of stopping introducing the gas into the chamber. Furthermore, it is also possible to destroy the gas.
  • hazardous gasses must be destroyed before they are released into the atmosphere. For example, if ozone gas is used, it can be converted into oxygen before releasing it into atmosphere. Other gasses can be neutralized or removed such that the chamber is ready and can be used for the next treatment.
  • the material to be treated is weighted, the amount of gas introduced into the chamber depending on the weight and/or on the degree of contamination and/or on the type of the material. For example, a minimum predetermined value of concentration over time can be adjusted accordingly based on those
  • the weighing of the material makes it possible to use the weight information as a cascade control input for giving an advance information to the system for an according
  • the method comprises a further step of introducing at least one further gas and/or liquid into the chamber, this further step being carried out before, simultaneously or after introducing the gas into the chamber.
  • further gases and/or liquids also combinations or mixtures of them are possible
  • the order of steps in the sequence of introduction of the further gases and/or liquids depends essentially on the material to be treated, on the degree of contamination, or on the type of contaminants and can be chosen for optimizing the method.
  • the further gas and/or liquid is hydrogen peroxide.
  • Hydrogen peroxide has antimicrobial properties which can namely be used in aqueous solution for disinfection and microbial control.
  • the method comprises a further step of shredding and/or humidifying the material, this further step being carried out at any time prior to introducing the gas into the chamber.
  • a further step of stirring the material is possible, this further step being carried out prior to introducing the material into the chamber at any time after introducing the gas into the chamber. All these additional steps allow the material to be treated to be exposed maximally to the treating gases and/or liquids during the treatment such that it can be penetrated easily and thoroughly by these treating gases and/or liquids.
  • humidifying the material (and/or the treatment chamber) can enhance the efficiency of the treatment by increasing the synergistic effect with the treating gas, namely ozone.
  • the method comprises a further step of rinsing the chamber, this further step being carried out prior to introducing the material into the chamber and/or after removing the material from the chamber. Rinsing the chamber is necessary to provide a clean and a sterilized chamber so that the chamber is ready and can be used for the next round of treatment.
  • the method can be carried out at a temperature of 5°C to 35°C, preferably at room temperature. These temperatures are proven to be particularly suitable for treating the microbial contaminated and/or infectious material.
  • the temperature of the treatment chamber can play an important role in the treatment efficiency. For example, a higher temperature implies that the ozone reaction is more aggressive. There are however some practical reasons to limit the temperature range. It is therefore preferred that the temperature is being monitored during the carrying out of the method according to the present invention in order to compensate the effects of the temperature by adjusting the treatment cycle and duration.
  • the step of introducing of gas into the chamber can preferably be carried out continuously until the minimum predetermined value of concentration of the gas over time is reached.
  • the concentration of the treating gas in the chamber can be kept high, enhancing thereby the efficiency of the treatment by reducing the contact time between the material to be treated and the treating gas.
  • an apparatus for treating microbial contaminated and/or infectious material using gas comprising:
  • At least one gas generator and/or gas storage means for introducing the gas into the at least one treatment chamber; and - at least one monitoring means for measuring and/or monitoring the concentration of the gas in the treatment chamber over time and, when a minimum predetermined value of concentration over time is reached, stopping introducing the gas into the treatment chamber.
  • the apparatus can further comprise at least one weighing means and/or additional monitoring means like sensors for detecting temperature, radioactivity and humidity.
  • additional monitoring means like sensors for detecting temperature, radioactivity and humidity. The parameters generated by these means or sensors can allow for a safe and efficient treating process.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a method of treating microbial contaminated and/or infectious materials according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating gas concentration (residual disinfectant concentration, in mg/l or PPM) over contact time in prior art compared to the increased efficiency of the present invention ;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a method of treating microbial contaminated and/or infectious materials according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of an apparatus for treating microbial contaminated and/infectious material according to one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed description of the present invention
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating one embodiment of the method according to the present invention.
  • This method is generally characterized by the fact that the concentration of the gas which is used in order to treat the material is monitored over time and that the treatment is carried out until a minimum predetermined value of gas concentration over contact time is reached. More specifically, once the material to be treated has been introduced into the treatment chamber, and then a vacuum condition is created in the chamber in step 54. Then, an amount of gas is introduced into the chamber in step 56. At the same time, the change of the concentration of this gas is constantly monitored over a period of time in step 59. During this monitoring phase, once a certain threshold is reached, the flow of gas which is introduced into the chamber is stopped in step 60. However, if the minimum
  • the gas will continuously be fed into the chamber according to the step 56.
  • the amount of gas which is introduced into the treatment chamber can depending on a number of criteria, for example on the total weight and/or the degree of contamination and/or the type of the material to be treated. Through this adjustable measurement, a threshold value can be set accordingly, therefore no gas is wasted unnecessarily. An efficient sterilization process can hence be achieved.
  • the threshold value is determined on the basis of the so called CT- value (i.e. concentration * time).
  • CT-value i.e. concentration * time.
  • CT-value relates to the product of the "residual disinfectant concentration" (C) in mg/l, and the corresponding “disinfectant contact time” (T) in minutes or seconds.
  • the CT-value for ozone can be calculated as the ozone concentration in the air multiplied by the contact time.
  • sanitizing treatments with ozone can sometimes be accomplished very quickly, but some treatments will require sufficient ozone in the air along with an adequate contact time.
  • This contact time is required for the dissolved ozone to oxidize organic contaminants and to disinfect the treated material. Therefore, either the concentration can be held constant while the time is varied, or visa-versa, to assure that a given level of disinfection is obtained.
  • the dosage rate of ozone needs to be 1 .6 mg/l in a particular time interval. Therefore, the material can be exposed to ozone at 0.2 mg/l (also called PPM) during 8 minutes or at 0.4 PPM during 4 minutes.
  • the concentration of gas in the treatment chamber can be monitored in a continuous manner or until a predetermined CT-value has been reached, when the flow of gas is stopped. Then, the material can be unloaded from the treatment chamber. Otherwise, the flow of gas into the chamber is maintained until this predetermined CT value is reached in step 60. Therefore, in some examples, higher gas concentration is preferably used in order to shorten the disinfectant contact time.
  • temperature in the treatment chamber can also have a correlation with the CT value. For example, a room temperature of the treatment chamber of around 21 °C is preferably selected according to a variant of the present invention. When the temperature in the treatment chamber increases, the CT value can be maintained at the same level or even lowered. Contrarily to this, when the temperature in the treatment chamber decreases, a higher CT value is required. In other words, a higher minimum predetermined CT value is required in this case.
  • Figure 2 nicely illustrates a superior efficiency of the present invention (illustrated with dotted lines, C1 , C2, C3%) compared to the prior art apparatus and method (illustrated with full lines, B1 , B2, B3...) used in treating microbial contaminated or infectious materials.
  • Figure 2 specifically shows the changes of gas concentration (mg/l, PPM) over contact time (T).
  • the gas concentration in conventional apparatus decreases quickly over time, thereby resulting in a very low concentration before a new boost of the treatment gas is injected into the chamber to pump up again to high gas concentration (ti , t2, t3, t 4 ). This in turn causes the increasing of disinfectant contact time, and hence slows down the overall performance.
  • the present invention aims to minimize gas wasting, hence a minimal yet sufficient amount of gas is introduced into the chamber which can for example depend on the weight and/or on the degree of contamination of the material. Further, an amount of gas is constantly introduced into the treatment chamber in order to keep a high gas concentration in the chamber, thus maintaining a high reacting performance. Moreover, the gas concentration in the chamber is constantly monitored over time such that the flow of gas can be interrupted after the minimum CT-value threshold has been reached. Given that the gas is constantly fed into the treatment chamber and that it can advantageously be maintained at a high concentration, a more efficient sterilization treatment can be realized. In addition, this can also significantly reduce disinfectant contact time compared to the methods known from the prior art. Furthermore, monitoring of the gas concentration in the chamber and stopping the gas flow after the sterilizing has been carried out, advantageously allows for a minimal amount of treatment gas to be used and hence, also to increase the treatment efficiency and to reduce wasting.
  • the treatment chamber can be kept constantly under a lower pressure (e.g. 0.3 to 0.6 Bar) compared to the higher pressure of the gas source (i.e. a gas generator having a pressure of around 1 .1 to 2.2 Bar) such that due to the pressure difference, the treatment gas is urged to flow from high pressure gas generator to the low pressure treatment chamber.
  • a lower pressure e.g. 0.3 to 0.6 Bar
  • the higher pressure of the gas source i.e. a gas generator having a pressure of around 1 .1 to 2.2 Bar
  • Figure 3 illustrates an example of the method for treating microbial contaminated and/or infectious material according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method according to this embodiment comprises a number of additional steps when compared to the method illustrated in Figure 1 .
  • Microbial contaminated and/or infectious material to be treated is first loaded into the processing or treatment chamber in step 51 .
  • the material is then weighed in step 52, before a shredding step 53 is carried out in order to shred the material into smaller pieces, therefore increasing the surface of the material and enhancing the efficiency of the treatment.
  • a vacuum is created in the chamber in step 54.
  • the vacuum for the purpose of this application means that a substantial part of the air is removed from the treatment chamber, creating thereby a lower pressure and simplifying the introduction of the treatment gas in all cavities of the waste.
  • the material in the chamber is humidified for example with water and/or hydrogen peroxide and afterwards, ozone-enriched air is introduced into the chamber in step 56.
  • ozone-enriched air is introduced into the chamber in step 56.
  • the shredded material could be stirred in a stirring step 57, while further gases and/or liquids are added into the chamber in step 58 (e.g. hydrogen peroxide).
  • gases and/or liquids are added into the chamber in step 58 (e.g. hydrogen peroxide).
  • the addition of hydrogen peroxide could enhance an overall sterilization treatment process.
  • a constant amount of ozone-enriched gas is continuously fed into the treatment chamber such that a high concentration of ozone-enriched gas can be reached.
  • ozone gas is highly unstable with short half-life, continuous flow of ozone- enriched gas is preferably provided to render high efficiency of sterilization and decontamination process.
  • the high concentration of ozone gas provided could thereby reduce the disinfectant contact time.
  • the change of the concentration of the ozone gas is constantly monitored in step 59, for example using various monitoring means, sensors and a programmable logic controller which can be controlled in situ or ex situ.
  • An ozone CT-value can be determined depending on the material to be treated such as the type of the material, the degree of contamination, the weight of the material or the specific contaminants exposed on the material. For example, lower degree of contamination of materials is considered to be found on mask, gloves, tubings etc. used for daily routine. Higher degree of contamination presents material which is largely contaminated by organic pollutants during usage and/or which has been kept for a longer period (for example at least a week) before being treated for sterilization. Spores, microbes and other infectious contaminants can be grown on the contaminated material.
  • this categorization can for example be used to set a suitable CT-value and then use it to control the method in step 60 in that, when this predetermined minimum CT-value of ozone is reached, the flow of the ozone-enriched air is stopped. Otherwise, while this minimum predetermined ozone CT-value has not been reached, a constant flow of ozone-enriched air is maintained until reaching the CT-value.
  • the ozone concentration can namely be set in between 5 and 1 00 mg/l or even more preferably in between 12 and 25 mg/l.
  • Ozone concentration [g(O3)/Nm 3 ] or [mg/l] can be calculated using the following formulas:
  • CN Ci(Ti/pi) x (1013.25 mbar / 273.15 K) with Ti in Kelvin and pi in mbar
  • CN [Ci x (1013.25 + 3.71 x Ti)]/pi with Ti in °C and pi in mbar.
  • the remaining ozone gas in the treatment chamber can be evacuated (and eventually destroyed before being released into the atmosphere) and the chamber can be rinsed in step 61 with other disinfectant or chemical substances before unloading the treated materials in step 62.
  • Figure 4 illustrates an example apparatus 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, where ozone is used as treating gas.
  • a number of individual, smaller chambers 5, 6, 8, 9, 1 1 can be found within the chamber 1 .
  • Microbial contaminated and/or infectious material to be treated is first loaded into a loading chamber 5. If necessary, a radioactivity sensor 46 can be installed to monitor whether the material to be treated has been contaminated by radioactivity.
  • This material e.g. disposable material from a hospital
  • a weighing means e.g. a conventional balance
  • gas and/or liquid such as water and/or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) could be fed from independent boost tanks 15, 16 into the treatment chamber 8 in order to enhance the treating reaction of ozone with the material.
  • H2O2 hydrogen peroxide
  • Hydrogen peroxide is generally known to have antimicrobial properties and has been used in aqueous solution for example for disinfection and microbial control.
  • the humidity of the chamber also plays a role in enhancing the reaction of ozone.
  • a relative humidity of 90% to 98% in the treatment chamber is foreseeable in the present invention.
  • a relative humidity of about 95% in the treatment chamber could be used to enhance the ozone effect.
  • the material to be treated is humidified with water instead of humidifying the chamber air, as extremely high humidity of the chamber air may hinder ozone reaction.
  • a programmable logic controller 100 such as computer micro controller can be involved in monitoring the changes of gas concentration in the treatment chamber 8 over time.
  • a number of monitoring means 41 , 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48 such as thermometer, pressure gauge, humidity sensor, ozone sensor, radioactivity sensor, oxygen sensor and hydrogen peroxide sensor can be used to assist in detecting the changes of condition of the treatment chamber 8.
  • These monitoring means and/or sensors are generally connected to the programmable logic controller 100 and send signals which can be used by the controller 100 in order to control the flow of ozone into the chamber 8 and other steps of the process.
  • the remaining ozone gas in the treatment chamber 8 is then first destroyed using an ozone destroyer 31 before it is released into the atmosphere through a chimney 70.
  • a filter 72 preferably a HEPA filter, is used to filter the gas before it is pumped out 73 into the external environment.
  • An ozone- detecting sensor can be installed at the chimney 70 to detect minute quantity of ozone which is released into the outer atmosphere.
  • the remaining ozone air safe to be released into environment would contain less than 0.06 ml/m3 (0.12 mg/m3) according to the international standards.
  • the ozone which is fed into the treatment chamber 8 can be stored in an ozone tank.
  • this ozone tank has been excluded due to safety concern. Namely, it has been reported that ozone tanks are prone to explosion when mishandled.
  • an ozone generator 3 is preferably used to provide constant flow of ozone gas into the treatment chamber 8.
  • a number of valves and pumps can be seen in the Figure 4. .
  • monitoring means like sensors 47, 48 can be found therein to monitor the flow of gas and/or liquid such as hydrogen peroxide and water for example.
  • an oxygen generator 4 can also be used to constantly provide oxygen gas into the ozone generator 3.
  • the apparatus 1 can particularly be connected to an electric connection equipped with a safety button 71 .
  • the apparatus can also be controlled manually or automatically from a remote location or by means of a controller on site.
  • the material can be weighed according to one variant of the present invention, hence a report on the decontaminated waste can be generated and a certificate of proper microbiological decontamination of waste based on the successful achievement of the CT-value can be provided to customers.
  • preventive maintenance by monitoring all parameters can also be offered.
  • the monitoring means are capable of monitoring a number of other parameters.
  • the ozone concentration within the apparatus but outside the treating chamber
  • the ozone concentration in the atmosphere outside the apparatus can also be monitored.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un appareil correspondant pour traiter un matériau contaminé par des microbes et/ou infectieux dans une chambre au moyen d'un gaz, comprenant les étapes suivantes : - création d'un vide dans la chambre ; - introduction d'une quantité de gaz dans la chambre ; et - surveillance de la concentration du gaz dans la chambre au cours du temps et, lorsqu'une valeur prédéterminée minimale de concentration au cours du temps est atteinte, arrêt de l'introduction du gaz dans la chambre. Le gaz utilisé peut être de l'air enrichi en ozone.
PCT/EP2016/051592 2016-01-26 2016-01-26 Procédé et appareil de traitement de matériau contaminé par des microbes et/ou infectieux Ceased WO2017129232A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10905786B2 (en) 2017-03-27 2021-02-02 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Sterilisation method

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05115540A (ja) * 1991-10-28 1993-05-14 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol 感染性廃棄物のオゾンによる滅菌処理装置及びこの装置を使用する滅菌処理方法
JPH11226579A (ja) * 1998-02-20 1999-08-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 殺菌方法および殺菌装置
US5951948A (en) * 1995-09-08 1999-09-14 Carba Societe Anonyme Apparatus and method for the processing, particularly the decontamination, of materials
WO2005097215A1 (fr) * 2004-04-05 2005-10-20 Peter Klaptchuk Traitement de dechets biomedicaux
US20150139854A1 (en) * 2011-12-23 2015-05-21 Peter A. Jude Systems, Components, and Methods for Sterilizing Medical Waste

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05115540A (ja) * 1991-10-28 1993-05-14 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol 感染性廃棄物のオゾンによる滅菌処理装置及びこの装置を使用する滅菌処理方法
US5951948A (en) * 1995-09-08 1999-09-14 Carba Societe Anonyme Apparatus and method for the processing, particularly the decontamination, of materials
JPH11226579A (ja) * 1998-02-20 1999-08-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 殺菌方法および殺菌装置
WO2005097215A1 (fr) * 2004-04-05 2005-10-20 Peter Klaptchuk Traitement de dechets biomedicaux
US20150139854A1 (en) * 2011-12-23 2015-05-21 Peter A. Jude Systems, Components, and Methods for Sterilizing Medical Waste

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10905786B2 (en) 2017-03-27 2021-02-02 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Sterilisation method
US10918754B2 (en) 2017-03-27 2021-02-16 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Sterilisation method

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