WO2017145015A1 - Corps mobile et système antireflet - Google Patents

Corps mobile et système antireflet Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017145015A1
WO2017145015A1 PCT/IB2017/050853 IB2017050853W WO2017145015A1 WO 2017145015 A1 WO2017145015 A1 WO 2017145015A1 IB 2017050853 W IB2017050853 W IB 2017050853W WO 2017145015 A1 WO2017145015 A1 WO 2017145015A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuit
signal
moving body
light
transistor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2017/050853
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
木村肇
宮口厚
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd filed Critical Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co Ltd
Priority to JP2018500878A priority Critical patent/JPWO2017145015A1/ja
Publication of WO2017145015A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017145015A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J3/00—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles
    • B60J3/04—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles adjustable in transparency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B29/00—Maps; Plans; Charts; Diagrams, e.g. route diagram
    • G09B29/10—Map spot or coordinate position indicators; Map reading aids

Definitions

  • One embodiment of the present invention relates to a moving object and an antiglare system.
  • one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field.
  • the technical field of the invention disclosed in this specification and the like relates to an object, a method, or a manufacturing method.
  • one embodiment of the present invention relates to a process, a machine, a manufacture, or a composition (composition of matter). Therefore, the technical field of one embodiment of the present invention disclosed in this specification more specifically includes a semiconductor device, a display device, a light-emitting device, a power storage device, an imaging device, a memory device, a driving method thereof, or a driving method thereof.
  • a manufacturing method can be mentioned as an example.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a method and apparatus for appropriately controlling an anti-glare device based on the positional relationship between a vehicle and a light source and reducing glare felt by an occupant.
  • a region where the occupant's face is located is imaged, and the captured image is processed to detect a state in which the occupant feels dazzling.
  • the anti-glare device mounted on the vehicle is controlled to reduce the glare felt by the occupant if the occupant feels dazzling.
  • the human eye takes time to get used to the difference between light and dark. For example, immediately after entering the tunnel or immediately after exiting the tunnel, there is a large difference between light and dark, and the occupant tends to feel dazzling.
  • Patent Document 1 When reducing the glare that the occupant feels by detecting the state in which the occupant feels dazzling as in Patent Document 1, there is room for improvement in control when considering the time for the human eye to get used to the difference in brightness. is there.
  • An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a novel moving object, a novel antiglare system, and the like.
  • a novel moving object a novel anti-glare system, and the like that can reduce the glare felt by the occupant even when it takes time to get used to the difference in brightness.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is a moving object including a first circuit, a second circuit, a third circuit, a sensor, an arithmetic circuit, and a window portion
  • the first circuit includes:
  • the second circuit has a function of outputting the first signal to the arithmetic circuit
  • the second circuit has a function of outputting the second signal to the arithmetic circuit
  • the third circuit outputs the third signal to the arithmetic circuit.
  • the sensor has a function of outputting a fourth signal to the arithmetic circuit
  • the first signal has information on a point at which the occupant feels a change in brightness
  • the second signal is
  • the third signal has information about the moving speed of the moving object
  • the fourth signal has information about the intensity of the brightness inside the window.
  • the arithmetic circuit has a function of outputting the fifth signal to the window portion in accordance with the first to fourth signals, and the window portion has the fifth signal.
  • the fifth signal be a moving body that changes the light transmittance of the window stepwise within a time period corresponding to a change in light and dark.
  • the first circuit preferably includes an image sensor and outputs a first signal based on imaging information acquired by the image sensor.
  • the first circuit includes a satellite positioning system and a storage device, the storage device includes map information, and the first circuit is based on the position information acquired by the satellite positioning system and the map information.
  • a moving body that outputs a signal of 1 is preferable.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is an anti-glare system that includes a window portion in which light transmittance changes, a control circuit that controls the transmittance, and a sensor.
  • the control circuit includes: a first circuit; 2, a third circuit, and an arithmetic circuit, the first circuit has a function of outputting the first signal to the arithmetic circuit, and the second circuit has the second signal.
  • the third circuit has a function of outputting the third signal to the arithmetic circuit, and the sensor has a function of outputting the fourth signal to the arithmetic circuit.
  • the first signal has information related to a point at which the occupant feels a change in light and darkness
  • the second signal has information related to the time to adapt to the change in light and darkness
  • the third signal moves the moving body Information on the speed
  • the fourth signal has information on the intensity of brightness inside the window
  • the arithmetic circuit outputs the first signal to 4 is a glare-proof system having a function of outputting a fifth signal to the window portion in accordance with the signal No. 4, and the window portion having a function of changing the light transmittance stepwise in accordance with the fifth signal.
  • the fifth signal be an anti-glare system in which the light transmittance of the window portion is changed stepwise within a time period in which the fifth signal adapts to a change in brightness.
  • the first circuit preferably includes an image sensor and outputs an anti-glare system based on imaging information acquired by the image sensor.
  • the first circuit includes a satellite positioning system and a storage device, the storage device includes map information, and the first circuit is based on the position information acquired by the satellite positioning system and the map information.
  • An antiglare system that outputs a signal of 1 is preferable.
  • One embodiment of the present invention can provide a novel moving object, a novel antiglare system, and the like.
  • a novel moving body, a novel anti-glare system, and the like that can reduce glare felt by an occupant even when it takes time to get used to the difference in brightness. it can.
  • the effects of one embodiment of the present invention are not limited to the effects listed above.
  • the effects listed above do not preclude the existence of other effects.
  • the other effects are effects not mentioned in this item described in the following description. Effects that are not mentioned in this item can be derived from descriptions of the specification or drawings by those skilled in the art, and can be appropriately extracted from these descriptions.
  • one embodiment of the present invention has at least one of the effects listed above and / or other effects. Accordingly, one embodiment of the present invention may not have the above-described effects depending on circumstances.
  • movement of a moving body The figure for demonstrating an example of operation
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a pixel of an image sensor.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a pixel circuit.
  • 3A and 3B illustrate a structure of a photoelectric conversion element.
  • 10A and 10B each illustrate a connection structure between a photoelectric conversion element and a transistor.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a pixel circuit.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates operation of a circuit of a pixel.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a pixel circuit. The figure explaining an example of a moving body.
  • FIG. 1A is a block diagram of a moving object and an antiglare system.
  • the moving body 100 has an anti-glare system including a control circuit 101, a window portion 102, and a sensor 103.
  • the control circuit 101 includes a determination circuit 111, a storage circuit 112, a detection circuit 113, and an arithmetic circuit 114.
  • the moving body 100 corresponds to a vehicle that passes through a point where the difference in brightness is large.
  • Examples of the moving body include an automobile, a bus, a train, and an airplane. In the following description, the moving body will be described as an automobile unless otherwise noted.
  • the window part 102 changes the transmittance
  • FIG. The control circuit 101 outputs a signal STR for changing the light transmittance in the window portion 102.
  • the window portion 102 includes an element that can change the light transmittance according to a signal.
  • the window portion 102 includes glass provided with liquid crystal.
  • the window portion 102 has a structure in which glass provided with liquid crystal is attached to the window glass.
  • the window portion 102 changes the light transmittance by controlling the alignment state of the liquid crystal, and controls the brightness intensity (illuminance or luminance or the like) in the moving body 100, for example, the illuminance.
  • the sensor 103 has an element that can detect illuminance.
  • an illuminance sensor or an image sensor can be used.
  • One or more sensors 103 are provided at a point where illuminance is measured inside the window portion 102 in the moving body 100.
  • the sensor 103 outputs an illuminance information signal (S LUX ) to the arithmetic circuit 114.
  • the point where the sensor 103 is provided is preferably near the face of the passenger. For example, what is necessary is just to set it as the structure provided with the sensor 103 in the headrest of a driver's seat.
  • the sensor capable of measuring the illuminance may be configured to include the sensor 103 in the vicinity of the ceiling, on the dashboard, and at least one or more points such as the passenger seat and the rear seat.
  • the sensor 103 is preferably provided corresponding to the window portion 102. For example, when there are a plurality of window portions 102, the sensor 103 is provided for each window portion 102. With this configuration, the illuminance control at a plurality of points in the moving body 100 can be independently controlled by the plurality of windows 102.
  • the light transmittance of the window portion 102 is preferably feedback-controlled so as to have an appropriate numerical value based on the signal SLUX of the illuminance information obtained by the sensor 103.
  • the determination circuit 111 outputs to the arithmetic circuit 114 a signal (S FLAG ) of information relating to a point where the occupant feels dazzle due to changes in brightness.
  • the determination circuit 111 may output information on the distance between the current position of the moving body 100 and a point at which the occupant feels dazzle due to a change in brightness as a signal SFLAG .
  • the determination circuit 111 is preferably a signal processing circuit such as a microcomputer in order to obtain the signal S FLAG based on a plurality of signals.
  • the determination circuit 111 captures the front of the moving body 100 with an image sensor, detects an object that causes glare due to a change in brightness by performing image processing on the captured image, and uses the information as a signal S FLAG. Output.
  • the determination circuit 111 combines a satellite positioning system (hereinafter referred to as “GPS”) and map information to predict a point where the occupant feels dazzle due to changes in light and dark, and outputs the information as a signal S FLAG .
  • GPS satellite positioning system
  • the point where the occupant feels dazzling due to the change in brightness is, for example, the entrance or exit of the tunnel. Or, an entrance / exit when moving from outside to a building, or an entrance / exit when moving from an underground parking lot to the outside.
  • the memory circuit 112 outputs to the arithmetic circuit 114 a signal (T TH ) of information relating to the time during which the occupant's eyes adapt to changes in brightness. Since the memory circuit 112 outputs the signal TTH according to a preset value, it is preferable that the set value can be rewritten and stored.
  • the memory circuit 112 is preferably a rewritable nonvolatile memory such as a flash memory.
  • the memory circuit 112 stores, for example, the adaptation time of the eyes when moving from a bright place to a dark place and the adaptation times of eyes when moving from a dark place to a bright place.
  • the adaptation time of the eyes according to the difference in illuminance is stored.
  • the detection circuit 113 outputs a signal (V MOV ) of information related to the moving speed of the moving body 100 to the arithmetic circuit 114.
  • the detection circuit 113 calculates an average value of the latest speeds, and outputs the average value to the arithmetic circuit 114 as a signal VMOV .
  • a signal VMOV a signal VMOV .
  • Information such as road congestion may be acquired by receiving a signal from a fixed station of a road information and communication system (VICS) arranged on the road.
  • VICS road information and communication system
  • the arithmetic circuit 114 the above-mentioned signals S FLAG, the signal T TH, the signal V MOV, in response to the signal S LUX, and outputs a signal S TR to the window portion 102.
  • the arithmetic circuit 114 is preferably a signal processing circuit such as a microcomputer in order to obtain the signal STR based on a plurality of signals.
  • the arithmetic circuit 114 calculates the time (t LAG ) required until the occupant feels dazzle due to the change in brightness.
  • the arithmetic circuit 114 compares the time t FLAG with the time adapted to the change in brightness of the signal T TH .
  • the arithmetic circuit 114 is a signal S TR that changes the light transmittance of the window portion 102 step by step if the time required for the occupant to feel the glare due to the change in light and dark is shorter than the time to adapt to the change in light and dark. Is output.
  • a change in the light transmittance of the window 102 is detected by a signal SLUX . By controlling the light transmittance of the window portion 102, the inside of the moving body 100 is controlled to an appropriate illuminance.
  • the signal STR is a signal that changes the light transmittance of the window portion 102 stepwise. Specifically, when the light transmittance of the window portion 102 is gradually reduced from 100% to 50%, the transmittance is controlled to be continuously changed, such as 99% and then 98%. By setting it as the said structure, a passenger
  • the signal STR may be controlled so as to discretely change the transmittance of the light of the window portion 102 from 100% to 90%, then 80%, and then 70%.
  • crew can be made to recognize the change of the light transmittance of the window part 102.
  • the lower limit of the light transmittance of the window part 102 is set to a value that does not hinder passengers' driving. Or you may set the minimum of the transmittance
  • FIG. 1B illustrates the operation of the moving object 100 illustrated in the block diagram of FIG.
  • the arithmetic circuit 114 acquires information on the point where the user feels dazzling from the determination circuit 111 (step S101). Information on the point where the user feels dazzling is output to the arithmetic circuit 114 as the signal S FLAG as described above.
  • the arithmetic circuit 114 acquires information on the time t TH (adaptation time) to adapt to the change in light and dark from the storage circuit 112 (step S102). Information regarding the time to adapt to the change in light and dark is output to the arithmetic circuit 114 as the signal TTH as described above.
  • the arithmetic circuit 114 acquires information on the moving speed (moving speed) of the moving body 100 from the detection circuit 113, and the distance between the point where the user feels dazzling and the current point, and the moving body.
  • the time (t FLAG ) required from the moving speed of 100 to the point where the user feels dazzling is calculated (step S103).
  • Information regarding the moving speed of the moving body 100 is output to the arithmetic circuit 114 as the signal V MOV as described above.
  • Information on the current point may be acquired by GPS or the like.
  • step S102 may be reversed in order from step S103. Further, step S102 may be in an order prior to step S101.
  • the arithmetic circuit 114 compares the time (t TH ) for adapting to the change in light and dark with the time (t FLAG ) required from the moving speed of the moving body 100 to the point where glare is felt. (Step S104). In step S104, if the time taken until the occupant feels the dazzle due to the change in light and dark is shorter than the time to adapt to the change in light and dark (t FLAG ⁇ t TH ), the process proceeds to step S105. In step S104, if the time taken until the occupant feels dazzle due to the change in light and dark is longer than the time to adapt to the change in light and dark, the step ends.
  • the arithmetic circuit 114 In the control circuit 101 of the moving body 100, if t FLAG ⁇ t TH at step S104, the arithmetic circuit 114 outputs a signal S TR to the transmittance of light of the window 102 stepwise changed (step S105) .
  • the arithmetic circuit 114 determines whether or not the illuminance in the moving body 100 has reached a predetermined value (step S106). If the predetermined illuminance is not obtained in step S106, the process returns to step S105 again to change the light transmittance of the window 102. If the predetermined brightness is obtained in step S106, the step ends.
  • time t TH to adapt to changes in brightness, the glare due to the change in brightness by comparing the time t FLAG according to to the point where the occupant feels the transmittance of light of the window 102 if the time t FLAG is t TH even shorter
  • the light transmittance can be changed in stages only for the time necessary for reducing the glare.
  • FIG. 2 to FIG. 4 are schematic diagrams showing the state in which a moving body that is an automobile is approaching the entrance of a tunnel in stages.
  • FIG. 5 shows a change in the transmittance of the window when a moving body that is an automobile approaches the entrance of the tunnel, and a change in the intensity of light incident from the outside to the inside of the window.
  • FIG. 2A shows a state in which the moving body 100 is traveling at the constant moving speed V at the start position PSTART .
  • the sun is illustrated as the light source 123 assuming the daytime outdoors on a fine day.
  • a tunnel 121 into which the moving body 100 enters is illustrated.
  • the illumination in the tunnel 121 is illustrated as the light source 122.
  • FIG. 2A the window 102 is shown in the moving body 100 with the light transmittance in the initial state, for example, 100% light transmittance.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates a state in which the moving body 100 is traveling at the moving speed V at the start position PSTART .
  • FIG. 2A illustrates a point P FRAG at the entrance of the tunnel 121 where the illuminance changes.
  • the information on the point P FRAG is information included in the signal S FLAG described above.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates the time (t FLAG ) required from the moving speed V and the information on the start position P START and the point P FRAG to the point where the user feels dazzling.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates the time t TH that adapts to a change in brightness.
  • FIG. 2 (A) when the vehicle travels by the time t TH at the moving speed V, illustrates the point away from the point P FRAG as point P TH.
  • the point P TH is a point that takes time t TH to the point P FRAG when traveling at the moving speed V from the point P TH .
  • the time t FLAG taken until the point P FRAG is longer than the time t TH and does not pass through the point where the user feels dazzle due to the change of light and dark for a while. Therefore, even if the vehicle travels with the light transmittance of the window portion 102 of the moving body 100 constant, there is no problem with the glare felt by the occupant. Note that in FIG. 2A, the vehicle runs outdoors in a bright place, and the transmittance of the window 102 may be changed depending on the light intensity of the light source 123.
  • the state of FIG. FIG. 2B shows a state in which the moving body 100 has reached the point PTH .
  • the time t FLAG taken until the point P FRAG is the same as the time t TH , and if the time t FLAG (time t TH ) has not elapsed, the glare due to the change in brightness is felt. There is no passing through the point. Therefore, even if the vehicle travels with the light transmittance of the window portion 102 of the moving body 100 constant, there is no problem with the glare felt by the occupant.
  • the moving body 100 shows a state approaching the point P FRAG past the point P TH.
  • the point P FRAG is passed at a time t FLAG that is shorter than the time t TH that adapts to the change in brightness. Therefore, the light transmittance of the window portion 102 of the moving body 100 is lowered to an extent that can adapt to the change in brightness, and the passenger's eyes are adapted to the change in brightness when entering the tunnel 121.
  • the state of FIG. 3B shows a situation where the point P FRAG is further approached than in the situation of FIG.
  • the point P FRAG is passed at a time t FLAG that is shorter than a time t TH that adapts to a change in light and dark. Therefore, the light transmittance of the window portion 102 of the moving body 100 is further reduced to the extent that it can adapt to the change in light and darkness as compared with the state of FIG. To adapt.
  • the state of FIG. FIG. 4A shows a state immediately after passing through the point P FRAG and entering the tunnel 121.
  • the illuminance in the moving body 100 is less affected by the light source 123 and more affected by the light source 122.
  • the light intensity of the light source 123 is larger than the light intensity of the light source 122, and the illuminance in the moving body 100 decreases rapidly.
  • the light transmittance of the window portion 102 of the moving body 100 is lowered in advance so that the illuminance in the moving body 100 is reduced, so that the occupant's eyes adapt to changes in light and darkness. . Therefore, even if the illuminance in the moving body 100 decreases rapidly, the glare felt by the occupant can be reduced.
  • FIG. 4 (B) shows a state of moving further away from the point P FRAG than the state of FIG. 4 (A).
  • the light from the light source 123 does not reach, so the illuminance in the moving body 100 decreases rapidly.
  • the light transmittance of the window portion 102 of the moving body 100 is increased, and the illuminance in the moving body 100 is obtained by the light intensity of the light source 122 of the tunnel 121.
  • the light intensity of the light source 122 is small, the occupant's eyes adapt to changes in light and darkness by reducing the illuminance in the moving body 100 in advance. Therefore, the glare felt by the occupant can be reduced.
  • FIG. 5A illustrates the moving body 100 that is the automobile described in FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • FIG. 5A in the window portion 102 of the moving body 100 shown in the figure, light L OUT incident from the outside through the window portion 102 and light L IN incident inside through the window portion 102 are illustrated. Show.
  • the start position P START , the point P TH , and the point P FRAG described in FIGS. 2 to 4 are arranged on the horizontal axis, and the change in the light transmittance of the window 102 is shown on the vertical axis.
  • a visualized graph is shown. 5C, similarly to FIG. 5B, the start position P START , the point P TH , and the point P FRAG described in FIGS. 2 to 4 are arranged on the horizontal axis, and FIG.
  • shaft is shown.
  • the intensity of the light L OUT rapidly decreases as it passes through the point P FRAG .
  • the intensity of the light LIN is also reduced.
  • over a period of human eye to approach the point P FRAG is to adapt the brightness, and the intensity of the light L IN previously reduced. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the degree of change in the intensity of the light L IN rapidly reduced by passing through the point P FRAG. Therefore, even if it takes time to get used to the difference between light and dark due to a large change in illuminance, it is possible to reduce the glare felt by the occupant.
  • the light transmittance in the window 102 is increased.
  • the intensity of the light L OUT is small, there is no significant change in the intensity of the light L IN even if the light transmittance is increased.
  • FIG. 6 to FIG. 8 are schematic diagrams showing a state in which a moving body that is an automobile is approaching the exit of the tunnel in stages.
  • FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 show changes in the transmittance of the window when a moving body that is an automobile approaches the exit of the tunnel, and changes in the intensity of light incident from the outside to the inside of the window. Yes.
  • FIG. 6A illustrates a state in which the moving body 100 is traveling at the constant moving speed V at the start position PSTART .
  • FIG. 6A shows a tunnel 121 through which the moving body 100 escapes.
  • the illumination in the tunnel 121 is illustrated as the light source 122.
  • the sun is illustrated as the light source 123 assuming the daytime outdoors on a fine day.
  • FIG. 6A the window portion 102 is illustrated in which the light transmittance of the moving body 100 is in an initial state, for example, 100% light transmittance.
  • FIG. 6A shows a state in which the moving body 100 is traveling at the moving speed V at the start position PSTART .
  • FIG. 6A shows a point P FRAG at the exit of the tunnel 121 where the illuminance changes.
  • the information on the point P FRAG is information included in the signal S FLAG described above.
  • FIG. 6A illustrates the time (t FLAG ) required from the moving speed V and the information on the start position P START and the point P FRAG to the point where the user feels dazzling.
  • FIG. 6A illustrates a time t TH that adapts to a change in brightness.
  • a point away from the point P FRAG is illustrated as the point P TH .
  • the point P TH is a point that takes time t TH to the point P FRAG when traveling at the moving speed V from the point P TH .
  • the time t FLAG taken until the point P FRAG is longer than the time t TH and does not pass through the point where the user feels dazzle due to the change in brightness for a while. Therefore, even if the vehicle travels with the light transmittance of the window portion 102 of the moving body 100 constant, there is no problem with the glare felt by the occupant.
  • the vehicle travels in a tunnel 121 that is a dark place, and the transmittance of the window 102 may be changed depending on the light intensity of the light source 122.
  • FIG. 6B shows a state where the moving body 100 has reached the point PTH .
  • the time t FLAG taken until the point P FRAG is the same as the time t TH , and if the time t FLAG (time t TH ) has not elapsed, the glare due to the change in light and dark is felt. There is no passing through the point. Therefore, even if the vehicle travels with the light transmittance of the window portion 102 of the moving body 100 constant, there is no problem with the glare felt by the occupant.
  • the moving body 100 shows a state approaching the point P FRAG past the point P TH.
  • the vehicle passes through the point P FRAG at a time t FLAG that is shorter than a time t TH that adapts to a change in brightness. For this reason, the light transmittance of the window 102 of the moving body 100 is lowered to such an extent that the change in brightness is not increased, so as to prepare for the change in brightness when exiting the tunnel 121.
  • the light intensity of the light source 122 is small. Therefore, if the light transmittance is reduced in all the window portions 102 of the moving body 100, the illuminance in the moving body 100 is significantly reduced. Therefore, the light transmittance of only the windshield is reduced. That is, when the intensity of light from the exit of the tunnel 121 in the traveling direction is high, the light transmittance of only the window portion between the passenger's eyes and the direction in which the exit of the tunnel 121 is located is reduced. With this structure, it is possible to prepare for changes in light and dark when exiting the tunnel 121 without significantly reducing the illuminance in the moving body 100. In addition, what is necessary is just to reduce the light transmittance of other window parts, such as a front door glass, a rear door glass, and a rear glass, as it approaches the exit of the tunnel 121. FIG.
  • the state of FIG. 7B shows a state that the point P FRAG is further approached than the state of FIG.
  • the point P FRAG is passed at a time t FLAG that is shorter than the time t TH that adapts to the change in brightness. For this reason, the light transmittance of the window 102 of the moving body 100 is further reduced to a level where the change in brightness is not increased, as compared with the state of FIG.
  • FIG. 8A shows a state immediately after passing through the point P FRAG and escaping out of the tunnel 121.
  • the illuminance in the moving body 100 changes rapidly due to the influence of the light source 123.
  • the light intensity of the light source 123 is greater than the light intensity of the light source 122, and the illuminance in the moving body 100 increases rapidly.
  • the degree of change is reduced even if there is a change in brightness. can do. Therefore, even if the illuminance in the moving body 100 rapidly increases, the glare felt by the occupant can be reduced.
  • FIG. 8B shows a state of moving further away from the point P FRAG than the state of FIG.
  • the illuminance in the moving body 100 remains large due to the light from the light source 123.
  • the moving object 100 moves away from the point P FRAG for a certain period of time, for example, until the time t TH when it adapts to the change in light and dark, and passes through the point P RESET until the mobile unit 100 passes the point P RESET .
  • the point P RESET is a point where the light transmittance of the window 102 of the moving body 100 returns to the original state.
  • FIG. 9A illustrates the moving body 100 that is the automobile described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8, as in FIG. 5A.
  • FIG. 9A in the window portion 102 of the movable body 100 shown in the figure, light L OUT incident from the outside through the window portion 102 and light L IN incident inside through the window portion 102 are illustrated. Show.
  • the intensity of the light L OUT rapidly increases as it passes through the point P FRAG .
  • the intensity of the light LIN is also increased.
  • over a period of human eye to approach the point P FRAG is to adapt the brightness, and the intensity of the light L IN previously reduced. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the degree of change in the intensity of the light L IN that increases rapidly by passing through the point P FRAG.
  • the light transmittance in the window 102 is increased stepwise until it passes through the point P RESET . Therefore, even if it takes time to get used to the difference between light and dark, it is possible to reduce the glare felt by the occupant.
  • the time t TH is shortened, as shown in FIG. 10 (A), is shortened distance between the point P FRAG and the point P FRAG.
  • the light transmittance in the window portion 102 can be increased in a short period.
  • the intensity of the light L OUT is lowered, it is possible to reduce the degree of change in the intensity of the minute light L IN.
  • ⁇ Application example 3> Examples of the moving body and the antiglare system described above with reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B, which are one embodiment of the present invention, are different from the above ⁇ Application Example 1> and ⁇ Application Example 2>.
  • FIG. 11 shows a state in which a moving body that is an automobile approaches the entrance of a tunnel at night.
  • the light source 124 is illustrated.
  • the window portion is stepwise in accordance with the eye adaptation time based on the point where the brightness changes and the moving speed of the moving object. By changing the light transmittance, the glare felt by the passenger can be reduced.
  • ⁇ Determination circuit> A plurality of signals given to the determination circuit 111 in the above-described moving object and anti-glare system, which is one embodiment of the present invention, will be described with reference to block diagrams.
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram of the moving body and the anti-glare system.
  • the moving body 100 includes an anti-glare system including a sensor 103 in addition to the control circuit 101 and the window portion 102 illustrated in FIG.
  • the moving body 100 inputs and outputs necessary data between the image sensor 104 and the server 118.
  • the control circuit 101 includes an antenna 115, a storage circuit 116, and a GPS 117 in addition to the determination circuit 111, the storage circuit 112, the detection circuit 113, and the arithmetic circuit 114 which are illustrated in FIG.
  • Judging circuit 111, sensor 103, image sensor 104 receives the necessary information from the memory circuit 116, GPS117 and server 118, and performs signal processing by the signal processing circuit such as a microcomputer, and outputs a signal S FLAG.
  • the determination circuit 111 acquires necessary information from the server 118 or the like via the antenna 115 in order to obtain the signal S FLAG .
  • Examples of the information include tunnel position information and map information for calculating the distance from the current position to the destination.
  • the determination circuit 111 predicts a point where the occupant feels dazzle due to changes in brightness based on the map information, and outputs a signal S FLAG .
  • the determination circuit 111 can obtain an image signal from the image sensor 104 in order to obtain the signal S FLAG .
  • the determination circuit 111 predicts a point at which the occupant feels dazzling due to a change in brightness by performing image processing on an image signal obtained by imaging, and outputs a signal S FLAG .
  • the determination circuit 111 can obtain necessary information from the storage circuit 116 in order to obtain the signal S FLAG .
  • Examples of the information include tunnel position information and map information for calculating the distance from the current position to the destination.
  • the map information may be data acquired from the server 118 and stored in the storage circuit 116.
  • the determination circuit 111 predicts a point where the occupant feels dazzle due to changes in brightness based on the map information, and outputs a signal S FLAG .
  • the determination circuit 111 can acquire necessary information from the GPS 117 in order to obtain the signal S FLAG .
  • the information there is current position information of the moving body 100.
  • the determination circuit 111 Based on the map information and the current position information of the moving body 100, the determination circuit 111 outputs, as a signal S FLAG , information on the distance to the point where the occupant feels dazzle due to changes in brightness.
  • FIG. 13A illustrates a liquid crystal panel 200 applicable to the window portion 102.
  • a liquid crystal panel 200 in FIG. 13A includes a substrate 201A, a substrate 201B, and a liquid crystal 202.
  • the substrate 201A and the substrate 201B include electrodes and can control an electric field applied to the liquid crystal to control light transmittance.
  • a driving method of the liquid crystal for example, a TN (Twisted Nematic), STN (Super Twisted Nematic) mode, VA mode, ASM (Axially Symmetrical Micro-cell) mode, OCB (OpticallyFused LC) mode.
  • Crystal) mode AFLC (Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal) mode, MVA mode, PVA (Patterned Vertical Alignment) mode, IPS mode, FFS mode, or TBA (Transverse Bend Alignment) Or the like may be used mode.
  • ECB Electrode Controlled Birefringence
  • PDLC Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal
  • PNLC Polymer Network Liquid Guest
  • liquid crystal There are two types of liquid crystal: a normally black type in which the light transmittance is small when the voltage is zero, and a normally white type in which the light transmittance is large when the voltage is zero.
  • a normally black liquid crystal panel a VA mode or IPS mode liquid crystal may be used.
  • a normally white liquid crystal panel a TN mode or OCB mode liquid crystal may be used.
  • thermotropic liquid crystal a low molecular liquid crystal
  • a polymer liquid crystal a polymer dispersed liquid crystal
  • a ferroelectric liquid crystal an antiferroelectric liquid crystal, or the like
  • liquid crystal materials exhibit a cholesteric phase, a smectic phase, a cubic phase, a chiral nematic phase, an isotropic phase, and the like depending on conditions.
  • a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase without using an alignment film may be used.
  • the blue phase is one of the liquid crystal phases.
  • a liquid crystal composition mixed with 5% by weight or more of a chiral agent is used for the liquid crystal layer in order to improve the temperature range.
  • a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and a chiral agent has a response speed as short as 1 msec or less, is optically isotropic, does not require alignment treatment, and has a small viewing angle dependency.
  • a rubbing process is not necessary, so that electrostatic breakdown caused by the rubbing process can be prevented.
  • a liquid crystal panel 200 in FIG. 13B includes a polarizing plate 203A and a polarizing plate 203B in addition to the substrate 201A, the substrate 201B, and the liquid crystal 202.
  • the liquid crystal panel may have a configuration in which liquid crystal is included in a plurality of layers.
  • a liquid crystal panel 200 in FIG. 13C includes a substrate 201A and a liquid crystal 202B in addition to the substrate 201A, the substrate 201B, and the liquid crystal 202. With this configuration, each layer having liquid crystal can be individually controlled, so that complicated control of light transmittance can be realized.
  • FIG. 14A shows a view of the moving body 100 from above.
  • a windshield 211, a front door glass 212, a rear door glass 213, and a rear glass 214 are illustrated as window portions of the moving body 100.
  • the liquid crystal panel 200 described with reference to FIGS. 13A and 13B can be applied to at least the windshield 211.
  • one embodiment of the present invention may be applied not only to a window portion but also to a sun visor or the like.
  • FIG. 14B shows a view of the moving body 100 viewed from above, as in FIG. 14A.
  • the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal panel 200 can be a normally white liquid crystal or a normally black liquid crystal.
  • FIG. 14B an example in which a liquid crystal panel having a normally white liquid crystal is used for the front glass 211W and the front door glass 212W, and a liquid crystal panel having a normally black liquid crystal is used for the rear door glass 213B and the rear glass 214B. It is shown.
  • FIG. 15A is a schematic diagram when the liquid crystal panel 200 described in FIGS. 13A and 13B is applied to the windshield 211 in a panel shape. As shown in FIG. 15A, the liquid crystal panel 200 is spread over the windshield 211.
  • control for varying the light transmittance between the liquid crystal panels is performed. can do.
  • it can be set as the structure which controls the transmittance
  • the mounting position of the sensor 103A in the moving body 100 is set to the inside of the window portion.
  • a sensor 103 illustrated in FIG. 16A may be provided on a dashboard.
  • the mounting position of the sensor 103 in the moving body 100 is preferably around the face where the occupant's eyes are located.
  • a stretchable and transparent sun visor 204 may be disposed in the vicinity of the occupant's face, and the sun visor 204 may be provided with the sensor 103B.
  • Image sensor mounting position> A mounting position of the image sensor 104 will be described. Note that it is preferable to install two or more image sensors 104 side by side because information on the distance to the object can be obtained.
  • the mounting position of the image sensor 104 on the moving body 100 can be attached to the front bumper as in the image sensors 104L and 104R shown in FIG.
  • the attachment position of the image sensor 104 in the moving body 100 can be attached to the side mirror as in the image sensors 104L and 104R illustrated in FIG.
  • the mounting position of the image sensor 104 on the moving body 100 can be mounted on the roof as in the image sensors 104L and 104R illustrated in FIG.
  • the image sensor includes a photoelectric conversion element and a transistor.
  • a photoelectric conversion element and a transistor By adopting a structure in which the photoelectric conversion element and the transistor are three-dimensionally integrated, and a manufacturing process is performed using a material suitable for each, a more functional image sensor can be manufactured.
  • FIG. 18A is a cross-sectional view of the pixel 20 included in the image sensor, and illustrates a configuration of three pixels (pixels 20a, 20b, and 20c).
  • FIG. 18B is a circuit diagram of the pixel 20.
  • transistors are n-ch type is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this, and some transistors may be replaced with p-ch transistors.
  • one electrode of the photoelectric conversion element PD is electrically connected to one of a source and a drain of the transistor 41.
  • the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 41 is electrically connected to one of the source and the drain of the transistor 42.
  • the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 41 is electrically connected to the gate of the transistor 43.
  • One of the source and the drain of the transistor 43 is electrically connected to one of the source and the drain of the transistor 44.
  • a node FD to which the other of the source and drain of the transistor 41, one of the source and drain of the transistor 42, and the gate of the transistor 43 are connected is defined as a charge storage portion. Note that as illustrated in FIG. 19A, a structure in which a capacitor is connected to the node FD may be employed.
  • the other electrode of the photoelectric conversion element PD is electrically connected to the wiring 71 (VPD).
  • the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 42 is electrically connected to the wiring 72 (VRS).
  • the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 43 is electrically connected to the wiring 73 (VPI).
  • the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 44 is electrically connected to the wiring 91 (OUT1).
  • connection form between elements such as transistors and photoelectric conversion elements and wiring is an example, and each element is electrically connected to different wiring, or a plurality of elements are electrically connected to the same wiring. Sometimes it is done.
  • the wiring 71 (VPD), the wiring 72 (VRS), and the wiring 73 (VPI) can function as power supply lines.
  • the wiring 71 (VPD) can function as a low potential power supply line.
  • the wiring 72 (VRS) and the wiring 73 (VPI) can function as high potential power supply lines.
  • a gate of the transistor 41 is electrically connected to the wiring 61 (TX).
  • a gate of the transistor 42 is electrically connected to the wiring 62 (RS).
  • a gate of the transistor 44 is electrically connected to the wiring 63 (SE).
  • the wiring 61 (TX), the wiring 62 (RS), and the wiring 63 (SE) can function as signal lines for controlling conduction of transistors to which the wirings 61 (TX), 62 (RS), and 63 (SE) are connected.
  • the transistor 41 can function as a transistor for transferring the cathode potential of the photoelectric conversion element PD to the node FD.
  • the transistor 42 can function as a transistor for resetting the potential of the node FD.
  • the transistor 43 can function as a transistor for performing output corresponding to the potential of the node FD.
  • the transistor 44 can function as a transistor for selecting the pixel 20.
  • the above-described configuration of the pixel 20 is just an example, and some of the circuits, some of the transistors, some of the capacitors, some of the wirings, and the like may not be included. Alternatively, a circuit, a transistor, a capacitor, a wiring, or the like that is not included in the above structure may be included. Moreover, the connection form of some wirings may differ from the above-described configuration.
  • the pixel 20 can include a layer 1100, a layer 1200, and a layer 1300.
  • the layer 1100 can include transistors 41 to 44 included in the pixel circuit.
  • the layer 1200 can include a photoelectric conversion element PD or the like.
  • the layer 1300 can include a color filter, a microlens array, and the like.
  • each layer is provided with insulating layers 81 a to 81 e that function as a protective film, an interlayer insulating film, or a planarization film.
  • the insulating layers 81a to 81e can be formed using an inorganic insulating film such as a silicon oxide film or a silicon oxynitride film formed by a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method or the like.
  • an organic insulating film such as an acrylic resin or a polyimide resin may be used.
  • the top surfaces of the insulating layers 81a to 81e and the like may be planarized by a CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) method or the like as necessary.
  • an OS transistor As the transistors 41 to 44 provided in the layer 1100, a transistor using an oxide semiconductor for a channel formation region (hereinafter referred to as an OS transistor) is preferably used.
  • An OS transistor has a smaller off-state current than a transistor using silicon as a channel formation region (hereinafter, Si transistor). Therefore, it is possible to apply a global shutter system in which charge accumulation is performed simultaneously in all pixels without complicating the circuit configuration and operation method.
  • the imaging device of one embodiment of the present invention can also be operated by a rolling shutter system.
  • the OS transistor can be used in a very wide temperature range because the temperature dependence of the electrical characteristic variation is smaller than that of the Si transistor. Therefore, an imaging device and a semiconductor device having an OS transistor are suitable for mounting on automobiles, aircraft, spacecrafts, and the like.
  • FIG. 18A illustrates an example in which a top-gate OS transistor is used, and a transistor 41 is illustrated.
  • the OS transistor is provided over an insulating layer (insulating layer 81d) formed over the layer 1200, and the oxide semiconductor layer 130, 140 functioning as a source or drain electrode, and an insulating layer 160 functioning as a gate insulating layer. And a conductive layer 170 functioning as a gate electrode.
  • the insulating layer 81c can also function as a gate insulating layer on the back gate side.
  • FIG. 18A illustrates a structure in which the transistor 41 is provided with a conductive layer 173 functioning as a back gate electrode.
  • the OS transistor provided in the pixel circuit is a top-gate transistor
  • light transmitted through the layer 1200 may be incident on the layer 1100; therefore, a structure in which a back gate electrode is provided for light shielding is preferable.
  • a structure in which the back gate electrode is not provided can be employed.
  • the back gate electrode can be omitted even when a light shielding layer or the like is separately provided.
  • a photodiode provided in a single crystal silicon substrate can be used as the photoelectric conversion element PD provided in the layer 1200.
  • the photodiode is excellent in photoelectric conversion characteristics.
  • the base single crystal silicon substrate functions as a photoelectric conversion layer, it can be manufactured relatively easily.
  • the single crystal silicon substrate may be polished as necessary to have a thickness of 3 to 30 ⁇ m, for example.
  • FIG. 18A illustrates a pn junction photodiode
  • the region 510 is a cathode (n-type region) and the region 520 is an anode (p-type region) in accordance with the circuit diagram shown in FIG. 18B.
  • can do for example, a p-type single crystal silicon substrate may be used and n-type may be formed by adding a dopant such as phosphorus to the region 510.
  • the direction of the photoelectric conversion element PD in the pixel 20 may be opposite to that in FIG. 18B.
  • the region 510 can be an anode (p-type region) and a region 520 cathode (n-type region).
  • p-type region an anode
  • n-type region a region 520 cathode
  • an n-type single crystal silicon substrate may be used and the region 510 may be made p-type by adding a dopant such as boron.
  • a region 530 having a conductivity type opposite to that of the region 510 may be provided in a portion between the region 510 and the insulating layer 81d as illustrated in FIG. Note that a region 530 may be provided in the entire region between the region 510 and the insulating layer 81d as illustrated in FIG. With such a structure, the photodiode becomes a buried type, so that noise generated at the interface between the silicon and the insulating layer can be suppressed.
  • the photodiode provided in the layer 1200 may have a structure in which a partition wall is provided between pixels as illustrated in FIG.
  • the partition may be formed so that a groove is formed between the pixels and the groove is filled with the insulating layer 81e.
  • a material having a lower refractive index than silicon is preferably used for the partition wall.
  • the above-described material may be used for the insulating layer 81e.
  • the partition wall may be formed using a material that easily absorbs light.
  • carbon black pigments such as carbon black
  • titanium black pigments such as titanium black, iron oxides, copper and chromium composite oxides, copper, chromium and zinc composite oxides were added. Resin etc. can also be used.
  • a region 540 having the same conductivity type as the region 520 and a higher dopant concentration than the region 520 may be provided between the region 520 and the insulating layer 81e as illustrated in FIG. Good. With such a configuration, carriers can be collected efficiently.
  • a region 540 may be provided adjacent to the region 530 as illustrated in FIG. With such a configuration, the wiring connected to the photodiode can be concentrated on one surface.
  • the region 520 and the wiring 71 may be electrically connected for each of a plurality of pixels.
  • the region 540 and the wiring 71 may be electrically connected to each other through the region 545 for each of the plurality of pixels.
  • the region 545 is a region having the same conductivity type as the region 520 and having a higher dopant concentration than the region 520, similarly to the region 540.
  • each region 540 may be electrically connected to the wiring 71.
  • electrical connection between one of the source and the drain of the transistor 41 and one electrode of the photoelectric conversion element PD is performed through a conductor 82. Do it.
  • the conductor 82 is provided so as to penetrate the insulating layer 81b, the conductive layer 140, the oxide semiconductor layer 130, the insulating layer 81c, and the insulating layer 81d.
  • the electrical connection can be obtained without performing bridge connection using a plurality of conductors 82 and connection wirings, and the process can be simplified.
  • electrical connection between the conductor 82 and one electrode of the photoelectric conversion element PD may be performed through a conductive layer 550 as illustrated in FIG.
  • a metal layer such as W, Ta, Al, Ti, Ni, SUS, or Pd can be used.
  • the conductive layer 550 functions not only as an electrode of the photoelectric conversion element PD but also as an etching stopper when forming a through hole in which the conductor 82 is provided. Also, it functions as a light shielding layer for the transistor and a reflective electrode of the photoelectric conversion element PD.
  • the conductor 82 does not penetrate the conductive layer 140 and the oxide semiconductor layer 130 as illustrated in FIG. 21B, and is in contact with the top surface and the side surface of the conductive layer 140 and the side surface of the oxide semiconductor layer 130. An electrical connection may be obtained. Since the metal layer which is a difficult-to-etch material is mainly used for the conductive layer 140, the load of the etching process at the time of forming a through-hole can be reduced by setting it as such a structure.
  • the conductive layer 560 having electrical connection with one electrode of the photoelectric conversion element PD and the conductor 82 may have electrical connection.
  • the conductive layer 560 may be formed in the same step as the conductive layer 173 after an opening is provided in the insulating layer 81d.
  • the conductive layer 560 acts as an etching stopper when forming a through hole in which the conductor 82 is provided.
  • the layer 1300 can be provided with a light-blocking layer 1530, optical conversion layers 1550a, 1550b, and 1550c, a microlens array 1540, and the like.
  • An insulating layer 81e is formed in a region in contact with the layer 1200.
  • the insulating layer 81e can be formed using a silicon oxide film having high light-transmitting property with respect to visible light.
  • a silicon nitride film may be stacked as the passivation film.
  • a dielectric film such as hafnium oxide may be stacked as the antireflection film.
  • a light-blocking layer 1530 can be provided over the insulating layer 81.
  • the light shielding layer 1530 is disposed at a boundary between adjacent pixels, and has a function of shielding stray light entering from an oblique direction.
  • the light-blocking layer 1530 can have a structure in which a metal layer such as aluminum or tungsten or a dielectric film having a function as an antireflection film is stacked.
  • Optical conversion layers 1550a, 1550b, and 1550c can be provided over the insulating layer 81 and the light-blocking layer 1530. For example, by assigning color filters such as R (red), G (green), B (blue), Y (yellow), C (cyan), and M (magenta) to the optical conversion layers 1550a, 1550b, and 1550c, A color image can be obtained.
  • color filters such as R (red), G (green), B (blue), Y (yellow), C (cyan), and M (magenta
  • an infrared imaging device can be obtained.
  • a far infrared imaging device can be obtained.
  • an ultraviolet imaging device can be obtained.
  • a microlens array 1540 can be provided on the optical conversion layers 1550a, 1550b, and 1550c. Light passing through the individual lenses of the microlens array 1540 passes through the optical conversion layers 1550a, 1550b, and 1550c directly below, and is irradiated to the photoelectric conversion element PD.
  • FIG. 22A is a block diagram of the imaging element 11 of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the image sensor 11 can include a pixel array 21, a column driver 23, a row driver 24, an analog switch 25, a current source circuit 26, and a terminal 30.
  • the pixel array 21 includes pixels 20 arranged in a matrix and various wirings.
  • the wiring 63 (SE) and the wiring 91 (OUT1) are illustrated, but the other wirings are omitted.
  • the column driver 23 and the row driver 24 can be configured by a shift register circuit, and can be configured only by a unipolar OS transistor.
  • An OS transistor can be used for the analog switch 25 and the current source circuit 26. That is, the layer 1100 can be provided with a circuit for outputting image data to the outside.
  • data output to the terminal 30 through the wiring 92 (OUT2) is analog data.
  • the analog data is output to an A / D converter provided outside the image sensor 11.
  • FIG. 22B is a block diagram illustrating an example of the A / D converter 12.
  • the A / D converter 12 can include a comparator 28, a counter circuit 29, and the like, and can output a plurality of bits of digital data to the wiring 93.
  • the comparator 28 compares the signal potential input from the terminal 30 to the terminal 31 with the reference potential (VREF) that is swept so as to increase or decrease. Then, the counter circuit 29 operates in response to the output of the comparator 28, and a digital signal is output to the wiring 93 (OUT3).
  • VREF reference potential
  • the A / D converter 12 is preferably formed of a Si transistor capable of forming a CMOS circuit for high-speed operation and power saving.
  • the image sensor 11 and the A / D converter 12 may be connected to each other with a wire 32 using a wire bonding method or the like.
  • the transistor used in the pixel 20 may have a circuit configuration in which a back gate is provided in the transistors 41 to 44 as illustrated in FIG.
  • FIG. 23A illustrates a structure in which a constant potential is applied to the back gate, and the threshold voltage can be controlled.
  • Different potentials can be individually supplied to the wirings 75 to 78 connected to the respective back gates.
  • the wiring connected to the back gate included in the transistor 41 and the transistor 42 may be electrically connected.
  • the wiring connected to the back gate of the transistor 43 and the transistor 44 may be electrically connected.
  • the threshold voltage shifts in the positive direction when a potential lower than the source potential is applied to the back gate. Conversely, when a potential higher than the source potential is applied to the back gate, the threshold voltage shifts in the negative direction. Therefore, when on / off of each transistor is controlled with a predetermined gate voltage, the off-state current can be reduced by applying a potential lower than the source potential to the back gate. In addition, when a potential higher than the source potential is applied to the back gate, the on-state current can be reduced.
  • the transistor 41 , 42 is preferably an OS transistor with a low off-state current.
  • the off-state current can be further reduced. Accordingly, the potential holding ability of the node FD can be increased.
  • the transistors 43 and 44 it is preferable to use a transistor with a high on-state current as the transistors 43 and 44.
  • the on-state current can be further increased. Accordingly, the read potential output to the wiring 91 (OUT1) can be quickly determined, that is, the operation can be performed at a high frequency.
  • the transistor 44 may have a structure in which the same potential as that of the front gate is applied to the back gate as illustrated in FIG.
  • a plurality of potentials such as a signal potential and a potential applied to the back gate are used inside the imaging device.
  • a plurality of potentials are supplied from the outside of the imaging device, the number of terminals and the like increase. Therefore, it is preferable to have a power supply circuit that generates a plurality of potentials inside the imaging device.
  • V1 is a potential higher than the reference potential, and can be, for example, a high power supply potential (VDD).
  • V0 is a reference potential, that is, a source potential, and can be, for example, 0 V, a GND potential, or a low power supply potential (VSS).
  • the transistor 42 When the potential of the wiring 75 (RS) is set to “V0” at time T2, the transistor 42 is turned off, the reset operation is ended, and the accumulation operation is started. At this time, by setting the wiring 76 to a potential lower than “V0”, the off-state current of the transistor 42 can be reduced and supply of charge to the node FD due to leakage current can be prevented. Note that the potential of the wiring 75 may be set to “V0” at the time T2.
  • the transistor 41 When the potential of the wiring 61 (TX) is set to “V0” at time T3, the transistor 41 is turned off, and the potential of the node FD is determined and held (holding operation). At this time, by setting the wiring 75 to a potential lower than “V0” ( ⁇ “V0”), the off-state current of the transistor 41 can be reduced, and leakage of charge from the node FD due to leakage current can be prevented. .
  • the transistor 44 When the potential of the wiring 63 (SE) is set to “V0” at time T5, the transistor 44 is turned off and the reading operation is completed.
  • the potentials of the wirings 75 and 76 are preferably held at a potential lower than “V0” ( ⁇ “V0”) so that the potential of the node FD does not change until the reading operation is completed. Note that in the above description, the potential of the wiring 76 may be changed at the same timing as the wiring 75.
  • a signal according to the potential of the node FD can be read.
  • the pixel 20 illustrated in FIG. 18B may be operated without the control of the wirings 75 to 78 in the timing chart illustrated in FIG.
  • the pixel 20 illustrated in FIG. 23B may be operated without the control of the wirings 76 and 78 in the timing chart illustrated in FIG.
  • the pixel circuit of one embodiment of the present invention may have a structure in which a plurality of pixels share a transistor as illustrated in FIGS.
  • the transistor shared pixel shown in FIG. 25A has a structure in which each of the pixels 20 h to 20 k has a photoelectric conversion element PD and a transistor 41, and shares the transistors 42, 43, 44 and the capacitor C 1. is there.
  • the operation of each of the transistors 41 included in the pixels 20h to 20k is controlled by wirings 61a to 61d. In this configuration, a reset operation, an accumulation operation, a holding operation, and a reading operation can be sequentially performed for each pixel, and is suitable for imaging mainly using a rolling shutter system.
  • the pixels 20h to 20k each have a photoelectric conversion element PD and transistors 41 and 45, respectively, and share the transistors 42, 43, and 44, and the capacitor C1. It is a configuration.
  • the transistor 45 whose operation is controlled by the potential of the wiring 65 (GPD) between the photoelectric conversion element PD and the wiring 71 (VPD), the potential can be held at the cathode of the photoelectric conversion element PD. Therefore, it is suitable for imaging using a global shutter system in which a reset operation, an accumulation operation, and a holding operation are sequentially performed for all pixels and a readout operation is performed for each pixel.
  • transistors are formed using a plurality of pixels (pixels 20h, 20i, 20j, and 20k) arranged in a direction in which the wiring 91 (OUT1) extends (hereinafter, referred to as a vertical direction).
  • a transistor may be shared by a plurality of pixels arranged in a direction in which the wiring 64 (SE) extends (hereinafter, horizontal direction).
  • the transistor may be shared by a plurality of pixels arranged in the horizontal and vertical directions.
  • the number of pixels sharing the transistor is not limited to four pixels, and may be two pixels, three pixels, or five or more pixels.
  • 25A and 25B illustrate a configuration in which the wiring 72 (VRS) and the wiring 73 (VPI) illustrated in FIG. 18B are integrated and the wiring 72 (VRS) is omitted.
  • the structure which has the wiring 72 (VRS) may be sufficient.
  • the other electrode of the capacitor C1 is connected to the wiring 73 (VPI), it may be connected to the wiring 71 (VPD).
  • the moving body and the antiglare system according to one embodiment of the present invention can be used for a moving body that passes through a point having a large difference in brightness. Specific examples of these moving objects are shown in FIGS.
  • FIG. 26A illustrates an automobile 301.
  • the automobile 301 has a window portion 311.
  • the moving body and the antiglare system according to one embodiment of the present invention can be used for the automobile 301 having the window portion 311. With this configuration, it is possible to provide a new automobile 301 that can reduce glare felt by the occupant even when it takes time to get used to the difference between light and dark.
  • FIG. 26B shows the bus 302.
  • the bus 302 has a window portion 311.
  • the moving body and the antiglare system according to one embodiment of the present invention can be used for the bus 302 including the window portion 311. With this configuration, it is possible to provide a new bus 302 that can reduce glare felt by the occupant even when it takes time to get used to the difference in brightness.
  • FIG. 26C illustrates a train 303.
  • the train 303 has a window portion 311.
  • the moving body and the antiglare system according to one embodiment of the present invention can be used for the train 303 including the window portion 311. With this configuration, it is possible to provide a new train 303 that can reduce glare felt by the occupant even when it takes time to get used to the difference between light and dark.
  • FIG. 26D shows an airplane 304.
  • the airplane 304 has a window 311.
  • the moving body and the antiglare system according to one embodiment of the present invention can be used for the airplane 304 having the window portion 311. With this configuration, it is possible to provide a novel airplane 304 that can reduce the glare felt by the occupant even when it takes time to get used to the difference between light and dark.
  • FIG. 26E shows a helmet 305.
  • the helmet 305 is worn by a passenger for safety when driving a motorcycle or the like that is a moving body.
  • the helmet 305 has a window portion 311.
  • the moving body and the antiglare system according to one embodiment of the present invention can be used for the helmet 305 having the window portion 311. With this configuration, it is possible to provide a new helmet 305 that can reduce glare felt by the occupant even when it takes time to get used to the difference between light and dark.
  • the configuration is not limited to a helmet, but may be any other configuration as long as it is a spectacle-type wearing tool.
  • the terms “upper” and “lower” do not limit that the positional relationship between the components is directly above or directly below, and is in direct contact with each other.
  • the expression “electrode B on the insulating layer A” does not require the electrode B to be formed in direct contact with the insulating layer A, and another configuration between the insulating layer A and the electrode B. Do not exclude things that contain elements.
  • the constituent elements are classified by function and shown as independent blocks.
  • it is difficult to separate the components for each function and there may be a case where a plurality of functions are involved in one circuit or a case where one function is involved over a plurality of circuits. Therefore, the blocks in the block diagram are not limited to the components described in the specification, and can be appropriately rephrased depending on the situation.
  • the size, the layer thickness, or the region is shown in an arbitrary size for convenience of explanation. Therefore, it is not necessarily limited to the scale. Note that the drawings are schematically shown for the sake of clarity, and are not limited to the shapes or values shown in the drawings. For example, variation in signal, voltage, or current due to noise, variation in signal, voltage, or current due to timing shift can be included.
  • top view also referred to as a plan view or a layout view
  • perspective view in order to clarify the drawing.
  • one of a source and a drain is referred to as “one of a source and a drain” (or a first electrode or a first terminal), and the source and the drain The other is referred to as “the other of the source and the drain” (or the second electrode or the second terminal).
  • the source and drain of the transistor vary depending on the structure or operating conditions of the transistor.
  • the names of the source and the drain of the transistor can be appropriately rephrased depending on the situation, such as a source (drain) terminal or a source (drain) electrode.
  • Electrode and “wiring” do not functionally limit these components.
  • an “electrode” may be used as part of a “wiring” and vice versa.
  • the terms “electrode” and “wiring” include a case where a plurality of “electrodes” and “wirings” are integrally formed.
  • the voltage is a potential difference from a reference potential.
  • the reference potential is a ground voltage (ground voltage)
  • the voltage can be rephrased as a potential.
  • the ground potential does not necessarily mean 0V. Note that the potential is relative, and the potential applied to the wiring or the like may be changed depending on the reference potential.
  • conductive layer may be changed to the term “conductive film”.
  • insulating film may be changed to the term “insulating layer” in some cases.
  • a switch refers to a switch that is in a conductive state (on state) or a non-conductive state (off state) and has a function of controlling whether or not to pass current.
  • the switch refers to a switch having a function of selecting and switching a current flow path.
  • an electrical switch or a mechanical switch can be used. That is, the switch is not limited to a specific one as long as it can control the current.
  • Examples of electrical switches include transistors (eg, bipolar transistors, MOS transistors, etc.), diodes (eg, PN diodes, PIN diodes, Schottky diodes, MIM (Metal Insulator Metal) diodes, MIS (Metal Insulator Semiconductor) diodes. , A diode-connected transistor, or the like, or a logic circuit combining these.
  • transistors eg, bipolar transistors, MOS transistors, etc.
  • diodes eg, PN diodes, PIN diodes, Schottky diodes, MIM (Metal Insulator Metal) diodes, MIS (Metal Insulator Semiconductor) diodes.
  • MIM Metal Insulator Metal
  • MIS Metal Insulator Semiconductor
  • the “conducting state” of the transistor means a state where the source and the drain of the transistor can be regarded as being electrically short-circuited.
  • the “non-conducting state” of a transistor refers to a state where the source and drain of the transistor can be regarded as being electrically cut off. Note that when a transistor is operated as a simple switch, the polarity (conductivity type) of the transistor is not particularly limited.
  • a mechanical switch is a switch using MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) technology, such as a digital micromirror device (DMD).
  • MEMS micro electro mechanical system
  • DMD digital micromirror device
  • the switch has an electrode that can be moved mechanically, and operates by controlling conduction and non-conduction by moving the electrode.
  • the channel length means, for example, in a top view of a transistor, a region where a semiconductor (or a portion where a current flows in the semiconductor when the transistor is on) and a gate overlap with each other, or a channel is formed. This is the distance between the source and drain in the region.
  • the channel length is not necessarily the same in all regions. That is, the channel length of one transistor may not be fixed to one value. Therefore, in this specification, the channel length is any one of values, the maximum value, the minimum value, or the average value in a region where a channel is formed.
  • the channel width refers to, for example, a source in a region where a semiconductor (or a portion where a current flows in the semiconductor when the transistor is on) and a gate electrode overlap, or a region where a channel is formed And the length of the part where the drain faces.
  • the channel width is not necessarily the same in all regions. That is, the channel width of one transistor may not be fixed to one value. Therefore, in this specification, the channel width is any one of values, the maximum value, the minimum value, or the average value in a region where a channel is formed.
  • a pixel means, for example, one element whose brightness can be controlled. Therefore, as an example, one pixel represents one color element, and brightness is expressed by one color element. Therefore, at that time, in the case of a color display device composed of R (red), G (green), and B (blue) color elements, the minimum unit of an image is an R pixel, a G pixel, and a B pixel. It is assumed to be composed of three pixels.
  • color elements are not limited to three colors and may be more than that, for example, RGBW (W is white), or RGB with yellow, cyan, and magenta added.
  • a and B are connected includes not only those in which A and B are directly connected but also those that are electrically connected.
  • a and B are electrically connected.
  • the source (or the first terminal) of the transistor is electrically connected to X through (or not through) Z1, and the drain (or the second terminal or the like) of the transistor is connected to Z2.
  • Y is electrically connected, or the source (or the first terminal, etc.) of the transistor is directly connected to a part of Z1, and another part of Z1 Is directly connected to X, the drain (or second terminal, etc.) of the transistor is directly connected to a part of Z2, and another part of Z2 is directly connected to Y.
  • X and Y, and the source (or the first terminal or the like) of the transistor and the drain (or the second terminal or the like) are electrically connected to each other. Terminal, etc., the drain of the transistor (or the second terminal, etc.) and Y are electrically connected in this order. ” Or “the source (or the first terminal or the like) of the transistor is electrically connected to X, the drain (or the second terminal or the like) of the transistor is electrically connected to Y, and X or the source ( Alternatively, the first terminal and the like, the drain of the transistor (or the second terminal, and the like) and Y are electrically connected in this order.
  • X is electrically connected to Y through the source (or the first terminal or the like) and the drain (or the second terminal or the like) of the transistor, and X is the source of the transistor (or the first terminal or the first terminal). Terminal, etc.), the drain of the transistor (or the second terminal, etc.), and Y are provided in this connection order.
  • Terminal, etc.), the drain of the transistor (or the second terminal, etc.), and Y are provided in this connection order.
  • a source (or a first terminal or the like of a transistor) is electrically connected to X through at least a first connection path, and the first connection path is The second connection path does not have a second connection path, and the second connection path includes a transistor source (or first terminal or the like) and a transistor drain (or second terminal or the like) through the transistor.
  • the first connection path is a path through Z1
  • the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor is electrically connected to Y through at least the third connection path.
  • the third connection path is connected and does not have the second connection path, and the third connection path is a path through Z2.
  • the source of the transistor (or the first terminal or the like) is electrically connected to X via Z1 by at least a first connection path, and the first connection path is a second connection path.
  • the second connection path has a connection path through a transistor, and the drain (or the second terminal or the like) of the transistor is at least connected to Z2 by the third connection path.
  • Y, and the third connection path does not have the second connection path.
  • the source of the transistor (or the first terminal or the like) is electrically connected to X through Z1 by at least a first electrical path, and the first electrical path is a second electrical path Does not have an electrical path, and the second electrical path is an electrical path from the source (or first terminal or the like) of the transistor to the drain (or second terminal or the like) of the transistor;
  • the drain (or the second terminal or the like) of the transistor is electrically connected to Y through Z2 by at least a third electrical path, and the third electrical path is a fourth electrical path.
  • the fourth electrical path is an electrical path from the drain (or second terminal or the like) of the transistor to the source (or first terminal or the like) of the transistor.
  • Can By defining the connection path in the circuit configuration using the same expression method as in these examples, the source (or the first terminal, etc.) and the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor are distinguished from each other. The technical scope can be determined.
  • X, Y, Z1, and Z2 are objects (for example, devices, elements, circuits, wirings, electrodes, terminals, conductive films, layers, and the like).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Arrangements Of Lighting Devices For Vehicle Interiors, Mounting And Supporting Thereof, Circuits Therefore (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un corps mobile et un système antireflet présentant de nouvelles configurations. La présente invention possède une fenêtre présentant une transmissivité de lumière variable, et un circuit de commande pour commander la transmissivité. Le circuit de commande comporte un premier circuit, un deuxième circuit, un troisième circuit, un capteur et un circuit de calcul. Le premier circuit transmet, au circuit de calcul, un signal pour des informations relatives à un emplacement auquel un passager va détecter une variation de niveau de lumière. Le second circuit transmet, au circuit de calcul, un signal pour des informations relatives à la quantité de temps pour s'adapter à une variation de niveau de lumière. Le troisième circuit transmet, au circuit de calcul, un signal pour des informations relatives à la vitesse à laquelle le corps mobile se déplace. Le capteur transmet, au circuit de calcul, un signal pour des informations relatives à une intensité de luminosité à l'intérieur du corps mobile. Le circuit de calcul transmet, à la fenêtre, un signal pour modifier progressivement la transmissivité de la lumière conformément aux signaux obtenus.
PCT/IB2017/050853 2016-02-26 2017-02-16 Corps mobile et système antireflet Ceased WO2017145015A1 (fr)

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JP2018500878A JPWO2017145015A1 (ja) 2016-02-26 2017-02-16 移動体および防眩システム

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JP2016-035050 2016-02-26

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JP2020161875A (ja) * 2019-03-25 2020-10-01 株式会社Ｓｕｂａｒｕ 車両のａｄａｓ制御システム及びａｄａｓ制御方法
JP2021183955A (ja) * 2020-05-22 2021-12-02 株式会社東芝 位置測位装置、速度計測装置、及び位置測位方法
CN114120757A (zh) * 2021-12-22 2022-03-01 滨州学院 一种光影变换三维美术教学展示装置
JP2022143085A (ja) * 2021-03-17 2022-10-03 矢崎総業株式会社 調光ガラス制御装置及び調光制御システム
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JP2020161875A (ja) * 2019-03-25 2020-10-01 株式会社Ｓｕｂａｒｕ 車両のａｄａｓ制御システム及びａｄａｓ制御方法
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JP2025081469A (ja) * 2020-05-22 2025-05-27 株式会社東芝 位置測位装置、速度計測装置、及び位置測位方法
JP2022143085A (ja) * 2021-03-17 2022-10-03 矢崎総業株式会社 調光ガラス制御装置及び調光制御システム
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US12159606B2 (en) 2021-04-22 2024-12-03 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Moving object
CN114120757A (zh) * 2021-12-22 2022-03-01 滨州学院 一种光影变换三维美术教学展示装置
CN114120757B (zh) * 2021-12-22 2023-04-18 滨州学院 一种光影变换三维美术教学展示装置
CN115187623A (zh) * 2022-06-30 2022-10-14 同济大学 一种基于车载单目视觉的公路防眩板晃动检测方法

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