WO2017146359A1 - Plaque de séparation de piles à combustible et empilement de piles à combustible la comprenant - Google Patents

Plaque de séparation de piles à combustible et empilement de piles à combustible la comprenant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017146359A1
WO2017146359A1 PCT/KR2016/014110 KR2016014110W WO2017146359A1 WO 2017146359 A1 WO2017146359 A1 WO 2017146359A1 KR 2016014110 W KR2016014110 W KR 2016014110W WO 2017146359 A1 WO2017146359 A1 WO 2017146359A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
gas flow
reaction gas
separator
length
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/KR2016/014110
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
최성현
김지연
정승문
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LX Hausys Ltd
Original Assignee
LG Hausys Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LG Hausys Ltd filed Critical LG Hausys Ltd
Publication of WO2017146359A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017146359A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
    • H01M8/2485—Arrangements for sealing external manifolds; Arrangements for mounting external manifolds around a stack
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel cell separator and a fuel cell stack having the same, and more particularly, to a fuel cell separator capable of maximizing power generation efficiency of a fuel cell stack and reducing hydrogen consumption, and a fuel cell stack having the same. It is about.
  • a fuel cell stack is a device that produces electricity electrochemically by using hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, and converts fuel (hydrogen) and air (oxygen) continuously supplied from the outside into electrical energy and thermal energy directly by an electrochemical reaction.
  • Device that produces electricity electrochemically by using hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, and converts fuel (hydrogen) and air (oxygen) continuously supplied from the outside into electrical energy and thermal energy directly by an electrochemical reaction.
  • the fuel cell stack generates electric power by using an oxidation reaction at the anode and a reduction reaction at the cathode.
  • a membrane-electrode assembly consisting of a catalyst layer containing platinum or platinum-ruthenium metal and a polymer electrolyte membrane is used to promote oxidation and reduction reactions, and a separator is fastened to both ends of the membrane-electrode assembly.
  • a cell structure is formed.
  • the overall characteristics of the fuel cell stack have been improved by improving the material characteristics of the fuel cell separator or by optimizing the driving conditions.
  • the biggest problem among these conventional methods is that the increase in the number of flow paths of the fuel cell separator and the addition of the auxiliary flow paths inevitably increase the size of the separator to increase the size of the entire fuel cell stack. In particular, in recent years, it is applied to a lot of cars, etc. Above all, considering that the miniaturization of the size is the biggest issue, the increase in size or change in shape is the biggest constraint in terms of utilization of the fuel cell stack.
  • the most important in the reaction of the fuel cell stack is the discharge of liquid water generated by the chemical reaction.
  • water generated by the reaction of oxygen in the cathode of the fuel cell stack accumulates over a certain amount without being immediately discharged from the reaction gas flow path, the supplied fuel is not efficiently delivered to the catalyst layer in contact with the separator plate, thereby causing a reaction zone. Call up the concentration loss at.
  • An object of the present invention is to maximize the power generation efficiency of a fuel cell stack and to reduce the hydrogen consumption to prevent the reaction activation area of the fuel cell stack, thereby improving the discharge efficiency of the generated water that interferes with the chemical reaction. It is to provide a fuel cell separator and a fuel cell stack having the same capable of improving performance.
  • At least two or more fuel cell stacks are stacked, the separator plate body having a channel portion and a manifold portion, respectively, disposed in the channel portion of the separator plate body, A plurality of fuel cell separators having a reaction gas flow passage protruding from the surface to the second surface; And a membrane-electrode assembly interposed between the plurality of fuel cell separators, wherein the reaction gas flow path has a trapezoidal cross-sectional structure in which a lower side corresponding to a channel width is longer than an upper side corresponding to a rib width.
  • the length of the rib width is characterized in that 30 to 80% of the length of the channel width.
  • the mass transfer loss can be suppressed by design change of the reaction gas flow path into a geometrical structure. Loss is suppressed, and as a result, the amount of hydrogen used for power generation is reduced by reducing the amount of hydrogen injected, and thus the conversion efficiency can be improved, resulting in an increase in power generation and an increase in total power density.
  • the fuel cell separator and the fuel cell stack having the same can ensure a uniform fuel distribution throughout the fuel cell stack through the change in the geometry of the reaction gas flow path, and the gas diffusion layer, the anode and the cathode It effectively removes water, which is a reaction byproduct, and reduces the pressure drop at the inlet and outlet when hydrogen, the fuel fluid, passes through the reaction gas flow path, so that the gas is evenly distributed in the entire flow path of the separator plate.
  • the reaction efficiency and lifespan improvement of the fuel cell stack can be secured because it is not concentrated on a specific part.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the fuel cell separator and the membrane-electrode assembly of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a reaction gas flow path of FIG. 2;
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing the I-V characteristics of the fuel cell stack applying the fuel cell separator prepared according to Examples 1 to 4 and 1 in comparison.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a fuel cell stack 100 includes a plurality of fuel cell separators 110 and a membrane-electrode assembly 120.
  • the fuel cell stack 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention may further include a gas diffusion layer (not shown) and the end plate 130.
  • At least two fuel cell separator plates 110 are stacked on the separator plate body 112, each having a channel portion and a manifold portion, and disposed on a channel portion of the separator plate body 112. And a reaction gas flow passage 114 protruding from the second surface to the second surface.
  • the fuel cell separator 110 has a low structural permeability to maintain a constant shape and low gas permeability.
  • the membrane-electrode assembly 120 is interposed between the plurality of fuel cell separators 110, respectively.
  • the membrane-electrode assembly 120 includes an electrolyte membrane capable of moving hydrogen cations and an anode and a cathode, which are catalyst layers coated on both surfaces of the electrolyte membrane so that hydrogen and oxygen can react.
  • a gas diffusion layer is a porous medium for uniformly dispersing the reaction gas to the surface of the membrane-electrode assembly 120 between the fuel cell separator 110 and the membrane-electrode assembly 120.
  • Layer: GDL may be inserted.
  • the end plate 130 is disposed at the outermost portion of the plurality of fuel cell separators 110 and the membrane-electrode assembly 120 to support the plurality of fuel cell separators 110 and the membrane-electrode assembly 120. Play a role.
  • the end plate 130 supports the plurality of fuel cell separators 110, the membrane-electrode assembly 120, and the gas diffusion layer, and supplies hydrogen, which is a reaction gas, to the channel portion of the fuel cell separator 110. It serves as an inlet for
  • the end plate 130 may be formed of anodized aluminum for the purpose of securing insulation with the membrane-electrode assembly 120 while ensuring proper strength, but is not limited thereto.
  • an oxidation reaction of hydrogen proceeds at the anode to generate hydrogen ions (protons) and electrons (electrons), and the hydrogen ions and electrons move to the cathode through the electrolyte membrane and the fuel cell separator 110, respectively. Thereafter, the cathode generates an electrochemical reaction in which hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen in the air participate to generate water, and electrical energy is generated by the flow of electrons between the anode and the cathode.
  • the hydrogen supplied to the anode is decomposed into hydrogen ions (H + ) and electrons (electron, e ⁇ ), and the decomposed hydrogen ions pass through the electrolyte to the cathode, where the hydrogen ions migrated from the anode and it generates electrical energy through a reaction of the oxygen supplied to the cathode, and generates heat and at the same time meet the electrode to produce water - (H +) and a mobile electronic through the external conductors (electron, e).
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the fuel cell separator and the membrane-electrode assembly of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the reaction gas flow path of FIG. 2.
  • the fuel cell separator 110 includes a separator body 112 and a reaction gas flow passage 114.
  • the fuel cell separator 110 according to the embodiment of the present invention may further include a cooling passage 116 and a gasket (not shown).
  • the separator plate body 112 has a channel portion disposed at the center portion and a manifold portion disposed at the edge.
  • the separator body 112 may have a low permeability of gas and a metal material having sufficient structural strength to maintain a constant shape, but is not limited thereto.
  • the reaction gas flow passage 114 is disposed in the channel portion of the separator plate body 112 and protrudes from the first surface to the second surface. Accordingly, the reaction gas flow passage 114 is disposed to face the membrane-electrode assembly 120.
  • the reaction gas flow passage 114 has a trapezoidal cross-sectional structure in which the bottom side corresponding to the channel width w1 is longer than the top side corresponding to the rib width w2.
  • the cooling flow path 116 is disposed between the spaced portions of the reaction gas flow paths 114 protruding from the first surface to the second surface.
  • the cooling passage 116 may be an air passage through which air passes or a cooling water passage through which cooling water passes.
  • the gasket is attached along the boundary of the channel portion and the manifold portion of the separator plate body 112 to prevent leakage of the working fluid.
  • These gaskets are formed for the purpose of securing airtightness and facilitating fastening between the fuel cell separators 110 when the fuel cell separators 110 are stacked.
  • the material may be a rubber material. Only one example, a plastic material may be used.
  • the reaction gas flow passage 114 has a geometric structure because the length of the rib width w2 is designed to be 30 to 80% of the length of the channel width w1.
  • the length of the rib width w2 exceeds 80% of the length of the channel width w1
  • the supply of fuel gas and the discharge of unreacted substances / reaction products are not smooth. This results in a decrease in operating performance of the battery stack and a shortened lifespan.
  • the reaction product water is not discharged smoothly from the cathode, water flooding occurs, which interferes with the mass transfer of the entire fuel cell stack, thereby operating the fuel cell stack. Resulting in reduced performance and reduced lifespan.
  • the channel width w1 has a length of 0.9 to 1.2 mm
  • the rib width w2 has a length of 0.4 to 0.7 mm.
  • the sum total length of the channel width w1 and the rib width w2 is preferably fixed at 1.4 to 1.8 mm.
  • the change in the overall length of the single flow path is performed by the repetition of the single flow path of the fuel cell separation plate 110. Since it acts as a factor for changing the overall size, there is a problem in that the overall design of the fuel cell stack needs to be changed. This, in turn, acts as a factor that increases or decreases the size of the mold for manufacturing the fuel cell separator 110, which inevitably leads to an increase in process cost.
  • the present invention by fixing the summation length of the channel width w1 and the rib width w2 in a strictly limited range of 1.4 to 1.8 mm, the increase in the overall length and volume of the reaction gas flow passage 114 is minimized.
  • the length of the channel width (w1) and the rib width (w2) of the reaction gas flow path 114 in the same or similar volume, by designing a geometric structure, the mold replacement for manufacturing the fuel cell separator 110 Is unnecessary, so the process cost does not increase.
  • the reaction gas flow path 114 is designed in a geometric structure having the length of the rib width w2 having 30 to 80% of the length of the channel width w1, the consumption of hydrogen, which is the reaction gas, is reduced.
  • the hydrogen used for the overall reduction is reduced, and the power generation output, that is, the conversion efficiency is increased compared to the used hydrogen. Accordingly, water can be effectively removed as well as conversion efficiency because water, which is a product that interferes with power generation of the fuel cell stack, can be effectively removed.
  • the reaction gas flow passage 114 has a height of 0.5 to 0.7 mm, which should be designed in the above range so that the pressure drop decreases when hydrogen, which is a fuel fluid, passes through the reaction gas flow passage 114. This can be distributed to increase mass transfer and reaction efficiency of the fuel cell stack.
  • the reaction gas flow passage 114 has an equilateral trapezoidal cross-sectional structure in which the inner angles ⁇ formed by the connecting lines between the bottom and bottom vertices B and C and the top and bottom vertices A and D are the same. .
  • reaction gas flow passage 114 when the reaction gas flow passage 114 is designed to have a conformal trapezoidal cross-sectional structure, a pressure drop is reduced when hydrogen, which is a fuel fluid, passes through the reaction gas flow passage 114, and thus it is distributed at an even pressure, so that mass transfer and reaction efficiency of the fuel cell stack can be achieved. Because it can increase.
  • the inner angle ⁇ of the reaction gas flow path 114 having an equilateral trapezoidal cross-sectional structure preferably has a 55 to 85 °.
  • the inner angle ⁇ of the reaction gas flow passage 114 is less than 55 °, the difference in length between the bottom side and the upper side portion of the reaction gas flow passage 114 is increased, and the pressure distribution at the upper portion and the lower portion of the reaction gas flow passage 114 is increased. The nonuniformity causes a problem that the conversion efficiency of the fuel cell stack is lowered.
  • the mass transfer loss can be suppressed by design change of the reaction gas flow path into a geometric structure.
  • the concentration of the reactant at the electrode surface is lost. This is suppressed, and as a result, the amount of hydrogen used for power generation is reduced by reducing the loss amount compared to the injected hydrogen, so that the conversion efficiency can be improved, and as a result, the power generation amount increases and thus the total power density increases.
  • the mass transfer loss is closely related to the product water discharge as well as the change of the concentration of the reactant at the electrode surface.
  • the product water discharge is a developmental part, and the fuel is effectively delivered to the entire separator due to the smooth discharge of the product water generated as a by-product of the reaction, blocking the gas diffusion layer and the anode and the cathode. It can prevent the output drop.
  • the fuel cell separator according to the embodiment of the present invention can secure a uniform fuel distribution throughout the fuel cell stack by changing the geometry of the reaction gas flow path, and the reaction by-products filled in the gas diffusion layer, the anode and the cathode. It effectively removes phosphorus and reduces the pressure drop at the inlet and outlet when the hydrogen, the fuel fluid, passes through the reaction gas flow path so that the gas is evenly distributed over the entire flow path of the separator plate. As it is not concentrated on the part, it is possible to secure reaction efficiency and lifespan improvement of the fuel cell stack.
  • Fuel cell separators according to Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 were prepared under the conditions of Table 1. At this time, the fuel cell separator according to Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 has 50 mm (width) ⁇ 50 mm (length), and the flow path has a height of 0.6 mm.
  • Table 2 shows the results of measuring the moisture content after the final reaction to the fuel cell stack to which the fuel cell separator prepared according to Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 is applied.
  • this discharged water content refers to the amount of discharged water produced.
  • Table 3 shows the result of measuring the amount of reactive hydrogen after the final reaction to the fuel cell stack to which the fuel cell separator prepared according to Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 is applied. At this time, in order to calculate the amount of hydrogen used for the reaction, the amount of hydrogen after the reaction from the discharged water was calculated, and the initial input water content was 74.30%.
  • Example 4 Comparative Example 1>
  • Table 4 shows the results of measuring the total power density after the final reaction for the fuel cell stack to which the fuel cell separator prepared according to Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 is applied, and FIG. 4 shows Examples 1 to 4 and 4 is a graph showing IV characteristics of a fuel cell stack to which a fuel cell separator prepared according to 1 is applied.
  • a fuel cell stack employing a fuel cell separator manufactured according to Example 3, which has a rib width and a channel width of 0.6 mm / 1.0 mm, is the most preferable flow path in view of discharged water, hydrogen reduction rate, and total power density. It was confirmed that it has a design structure.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une plaque de séparation de piles à combustible qui peut maximiser l'efficacité de génération d'énergie et réduire la consommation d'hydrogène dans un empilement de piles à combustible, et un empilement de piles à combustible la comprenant. La plaque de séparation de piles à combustible selon la présente invention comprend : un corps de plaque de séparation ayant une partie canal et une partie rampe; et un chemin d'écoulement de gaz de réaction disposé dans la partie canal du corps de plaque de séparation et faisant saillie à partir d'une première surface vers une seconde surface.
PCT/KR2016/014110 2016-02-23 2016-12-02 Plaque de séparation de piles à combustible et empilement de piles à combustible la comprenant Ceased WO2017146359A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020160021441A KR101926454B1 (ko) 2016-02-23 2016-02-23 연료전지 분리판 및 이를 갖는 연료전지 스택
KR10-2016-0021441 2016-02-23

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WO2017146359A1 true WO2017146359A1 (fr) 2017-08-31

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109496373A (zh) * 2018-03-16 2019-03-19 清华大学 一种燃料电池用复合双极板及其双通道三维流场
CN112397740A (zh) * 2019-08-13 2021-02-23 丰田自动车株式会社 燃料电池用隔板和燃料电池用单电池

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004335306A (ja) * 2003-05-08 2004-11-25 Honda Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池
JP2008258134A (ja) * 2007-03-12 2008-10-23 Toyota Motor Corp 燃料電池及び燃料電池用セパレータの製造方法
JP2009252470A (ja) * 2008-04-04 2009-10-29 Hitachi Ltd セパレータ及びそれを用いた固体高分子形燃料電池
KR100938023B1 (ko) * 2009-07-31 2010-01-21 현대하이스코 주식회사 연료 전지용 공냉식 금속 분리판 및 이를 이용한 연료 전지 스택
JP2011113785A (ja) * 2009-11-26 2011-06-09 Honda Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004335306A (ja) * 2003-05-08 2004-11-25 Honda Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池
JP2008258134A (ja) * 2007-03-12 2008-10-23 Toyota Motor Corp 燃料電池及び燃料電池用セパレータの製造方法
JP2009252470A (ja) * 2008-04-04 2009-10-29 Hitachi Ltd セパレータ及びそれを用いた固体高分子形燃料電池
KR100938023B1 (ko) * 2009-07-31 2010-01-21 현대하이스코 주식회사 연료 전지용 공냉식 금속 분리판 및 이를 이용한 연료 전지 스택
JP2011113785A (ja) * 2009-11-26 2011-06-09 Honda Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109496373A (zh) * 2018-03-16 2019-03-19 清华大学 一种燃料电池用复合双极板及其双通道三维流场
CN109496373B (zh) * 2018-03-16 2022-05-20 清华大学 一种燃料电池用复合双极板及其双通道三维流场
CN112397740A (zh) * 2019-08-13 2021-02-23 丰田自动车株式会社 燃料电池用隔板和燃料电池用单电池
CN112397740B (zh) * 2019-08-13 2024-05-10 丰田自动车株式会社 燃料电池用隔板和燃料电池用单电池

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Publication number Publication date
KR20170099274A (ko) 2017-08-31
KR101926454B1 (ko) 2018-12-07

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