WO2017151122A1 - Systèmes et procédés pour prévenir l'endommagement d'une paroi arrière par un laser - Google Patents

Systèmes et procédés pour prévenir l'endommagement d'une paroi arrière par un laser Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2017151122A1
WO2017151122A1 PCT/US2016/020365 US2016020365W WO2017151122A1 WO 2017151122 A1 WO2017151122 A1 WO 2017151122A1 US 2016020365 W US2016020365 W US 2016020365W WO 2017151122 A1 WO2017151122 A1 WO 2017151122A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mandrel
laser
article
fuel injector
hole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2016/020365
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bradlee J. Stroia
Bryan D. ROLLIN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cummins Inc
Original Assignee
Cummins Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cummins Inc filed Critical Cummins Inc
Priority to PCT/US2016/020365 priority Critical patent/WO2017151122A1/fr
Publication of WO2017151122A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017151122A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/142—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor for the removal of by-products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
    • B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
    • B23K26/0624—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses using ultrashort pulses, i.e. pulses of 1 ns or less
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/18—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using absorbing layers on the workpiece, e.g. for marking or protecting purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
    • B23K26/382—Removing material by boring or cutting by boring
    • B23K26/389—Removing material by boring or cutting by boring of fluid openings, e.g. nozzles, jets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/006—Vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/06—Tubes

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to methods and systems of laser-drilling articles. More specifically, this disclosure relates to methods and systems of laser-drilling small articles, such as a hole in a fuel injector, while preventing back- wall damage to the article.
  • Injector nozzles such as those in diesel engines, are often placed under high amounts of pressure to atomize the gas to be injected into a cylinder of an engine. Due to performance and emission requirements, especially on diesel engines, the fuel pressure has increased steadily over the last several decades.
  • EDM electrical discharge machining
  • back-wall damage can be understood to include damage that occurs when the laser passes through one wall of an article, passes through an internal cavity, and strikes the internal wall opposite the hole.
  • back-wall damage can occur even though short pulses, such as pulses lasting only a femtosecond, are used, back-wall damage can occur.
  • back-wall damage can adversely affect the article, such as a fuel injection nozzle.
  • damage to the internal cavity of a fuel injector can adversely affect the fuel injector performance and, thus, engine performance.
  • improved laser-drilling techniques are needed to permit cost efficient production of articles of manufacture, such as fuel inj ector nozzles, with minimal back- wall damage.
  • methods may include providing an article comprising a first wall between an inner diameter and an outer diameter, wherein the article is structured to receive a mandrel within the inner diameter, inserting the mandrel into the article, and cutting a hole in the first wall with a laser until the laser passes through the first wall, wherein energy from the laser that passes through the hole is absorbed by the mandrel.
  • laser cutting systems may including a laser structured to drill a hole in an article having a cavity, and a mandrel structured to be inserted into the cavity of the article and absorb energy from the laser that passes through the hole.
  • laser cutting systems including means for laser-drilling a hole in a fuel injector nozzle having a cavity, a mandrel configured to absorb energy from the means for laser-drilling that passes through the hole and means for inserting the mandrel into the cavity of the fuel injector nozzle.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a method of laser-drilling with a mandrel according to various embodiments
  • FIG. 2 illustrates exemplary back-wall damage that occurs with conventional laser- drilling techniques
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a fuel injection nozzle prior to drilling
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a system for laser-drilling a fuel injection nozzle according to various embodiments
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional x-ray scan of a fuel injection nozzle with orifices laser- drilled according to various methods disclosed herein;
  • FIG. 6A and 6B illustrate damage to a mandrel after performing a laser-drilling according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a box-plot comparison of the roughness of orifices drilled with a conventional electrostatic discharge machining (EDM) and a laser method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • EDM electrostatic discharge machining
  • the modifier "about” used in connection with a quantity is inclusive of the stated value and has the meaning dictated by the context (for example, it includes at least the degree of error associated with the measurement of the particular quantity).
  • the modifier "about” should also be considered as disclosing the range defined by the absolute values of the two endpoints. For example, the range “from about 2 to about 4" also discloses the range “from 2 to 4.”
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a method for laser-drilling an article according to various embodiments.
  • Method 100 may comprise providing an article comprising a first wall between an inner diameter and an outer diameter (step 110).
  • the article may be structured to receive a mandrel within the inner diameter.
  • Method 100 may also comprise inserting a mandrel into the article (step 120) and cutting a hole in the first wall with a laser until the laser passes through the first wall (step 130).
  • Step 120 may include inserting the mandrel into the article to form an eccentricity between the article and the mandrel.
  • Exemplary eccentricity ranges include ranges between about 1 ⁇ and about 500 ⁇ , between about 10 ⁇ and about 400 ⁇ , and between about 50 ⁇ and 200 ⁇ .
  • the mandrel may be kept stationary during the cutting process
  • the mandrel may be spun before, during, and/or after the laser cutting process (step 130). Without being limited to any theory, it is believed that spinning the mandrel may improve the life of the mandrel and, thus reduce costs. Exemplary rotational speeds include speed greater than 5 revolutions per minute (rpm), speeds greater than 5,000 rpm, or greater than 20,000 rpm, or about 32,000 rpm.
  • the mandrel may comprise at least one of tungsten, rhenium, tantalum, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, alloys thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • the mandrel may include tungsten or a tungsten alloy.
  • the mandrel may comprise tantalum hafnium carbide.
  • method 100 may comprise adding a flushing fluid to the article.
  • the flushing fluid is not particularly limited and may either be a gas, vapor, or liquid.
  • the flushing fluid may be a gas that comprises helium, argon, neon, xenon, krypton, radon, or mixtures thereof.
  • the flushing gas may comprise nitrogen, oxygen, or air.
  • Exemplary flushing liquids include various liquids, such as water.
  • a flushing fluid may help to remove debris during the laser-drilling process and/or may help control the temperature of the article and/or mandrel.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an x-ray image of a laser drilled fuel injector nozzle 200 using conventional methods. As can be seen in Fig. 2, fuel injector nozzle 200 suffered back-wall damage 220 opposite laser-drilled orifice 210.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary fuel injector 30 prior to drilling.
  • Fuel injector 30 may comprise fuel injector nozzle 300.
  • fuel injector nozzle 300 may comprise nozzle wall 310, which may surround a cavity of the nozzle (nozzle needle bore 320).
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a system for laser-drilling a fuel injection nozzle according to various embodiments.
  • the laser cutting system may comprise laser 440 structured to drill a hole in an article (exemplified with fuel injector nozzle 300) having a cavity (nozzle needle bore 320).
  • the laser cutting system may comprise mandrel 430 structured to be inserted into the cavity of the article (nozzle needle bore 320).
  • the creation of injection bores 447 with laser 440 may be accomplished by radiating laser beam 443 from laser 440.
  • Laser 440 is not particularly limited and may include any known laser capable of drilling an orifice in the article. Exemplary lasers, include fast-pulse lasers, such as Monaco and Rapid FX, produced by Coherent®.
  • the radiating of laser beam 443 may continue until the laser cuts or drills an orifice or hole through nozzle wall 310 (through outer nozzle wall surface 312 and inner nozzle wall surface 314) until the laser beam 443 strikes mandrel 430 at 449.
  • Exemplary articles may include, for example, fuel injectors, such as fuel injectors for diesel engines.
  • the fuel injectors are not particularly limited and may include hemispherical sac fuel injectors, spherical sac fuel injectors, conical sac fuel injectors, or a valve covered orifice (VCO) fuel injectors.
  • VCO valve covered orifice
  • the mandrel is not particularly limited and may form eccentricity with the article.
  • Exemplary eccentricity ranges include ranges between about 1 ⁇ and about 500 ⁇ , between about 10 ⁇ and about 400 ⁇ , and between about 50 ⁇ and 200 ⁇ .
  • the mandrel may comprise any suitable material, such as various metals or alloys.
  • suitable materials include tungsten, rhenium, tantalum, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, alloys thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • the mandrel may be configured to spin before, during, and/or after the laser cutting process, for example around the y-axis.
  • Exemplary rotational speeds include speed greater than 5 revolutions per minute (rpm), speeds greater than 5,000 rpm, or greater than 20,000 rpm, or about 32,000 rpm.
  • the system may comprise a fluid sprayer (not shown) configured to impart a flushing fluid into the cavity of the article.
  • the flushing fluid is not particularly limited and may either be a gas, vapor, or liquid.
  • the flushing fluid is not particularly limited and may either be a gas, vapor, or liquid.
  • the flushing fluid may be a gas that comprises helium, argon, neon, xenon, krypton, radon, or mixtures thereof.
  • the flushing gas comprises nitrogen, oxygen, or air.
  • Exemplary flushing liquids include liquids such as water.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an x-ray scan of fuel injector nozzle 300 with injection bores 447 according to various embodiments. As can be seen in FIG. 5, inner nozzle wall surface 314 was not damaged during the laser cutting of injection bores 447.
  • FIGs. 6A and 6B are photos showing the effects of laser beam 443 on mandrel 430.
  • FIG. 6A a shows an axial perspective view
  • FIG. 6B shows another axial perspective view of mandrel 430 that is perpendicular to the view shown in FIG. 6A.
  • the laser beam 443 did not pass through mandrel 430 and, thus, did not create any laser back-wall damage.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a box plot showing the roughness of the injection bores created by EDM and laser-drilling. As can be seen in FIG. 7, the roughness parameter (R a ) is significantly less for laser-drilling techniques than for EDM.
  • laser cutting systems comprising means for laser-drilling a hole in an article having a cavity, a mandrel, and means for inserting the mandrel into the cavity of the article.
  • the laser cutting system may also comprise means for rotating the mandrel, such as a lathe, drill, or article capable of holding and rotating the mandrel.
  • an example embodiment indicates that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art with the benefit of the present disclosure to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described. After reading the description, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art(s) how to implement the disclosure in alternative embodiments.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés comportant les étapes consistant à mettre en place un article comportant une première paroi entre un diamètre intérieur et un diamètre extérieur, l'article étant structuré de façon à recevoir un mandrin à l'intérieur du diamètre intérieur, à insérer le mandrin dans l'article et à découper un trou dans la première paroi à l'aide d'un laser jusqu'à ce que le laser traverse la première paroi. L'invention concerne également des systèmes comportant un laser structuré pour percer un trou dans un article présentant une cavité et un mandrin structuré pour être inséré dans la cavité de l'article.
PCT/US2016/020365 2016-03-02 2016-03-02 Systèmes et procédés pour prévenir l'endommagement d'une paroi arrière par un laser Ceased WO2017151122A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2016/020365 WO2017151122A1 (fr) 2016-03-02 2016-03-02 Systèmes et procédés pour prévenir l'endommagement d'une paroi arrière par un laser

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2016/020365 WO2017151122A1 (fr) 2016-03-02 2016-03-02 Systèmes et procédés pour prévenir l'endommagement d'une paroi arrière par un laser

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017151122A1 true WO2017151122A1 (fr) 2017-09-08

Family

ID=59743308

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2016/020365 Ceased WO2017151122A1 (fr) 2016-03-02 2016-03-02 Systèmes et procédés pour prévenir l'endommagement d'une paroi arrière par un laser

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2017151122A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020083816A1 (fr) * 2018-10-25 2020-04-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé de perçage au laser d'un composant

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5156341A (en) * 1988-06-08 1992-10-20 Hitachi, Ltd. Electromagnetic type fuel injection valve
US6365871B1 (en) * 1997-09-03 2002-04-02 Oxford Lasers Limited Laser-drilling
US6407362B1 (en) * 1998-07-22 2002-06-18 Hydraulik-Ring Gmbh Protective device for producing very small bores in tubular components, and method for producing bores
EP1661658A1 (fr) * 2004-11-30 2006-05-31 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Dispositif de fabrication d'un trou au moyen de rayonnement laser
US20110127450A1 (en) * 2009-07-30 2011-06-02 Energetiq Technology, Inc. Laser-Heated Infrared Source
US20110163078A1 (en) * 2010-01-06 2011-07-07 Denso Corporation Device and method for machining workpiece with a laser beam
US8173932B2 (en) * 2007-07-30 2012-05-08 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Perforation method and perforation apparatus
US20130146570A1 (en) * 2011-12-07 2013-06-13 General Atomics Methods and systems for use in laser machining
US8779328B2 (en) * 2007-05-31 2014-07-15 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Methods for laser cutting tubing to make medical devices

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5156341A (en) * 1988-06-08 1992-10-20 Hitachi, Ltd. Electromagnetic type fuel injection valve
US6365871B1 (en) * 1997-09-03 2002-04-02 Oxford Lasers Limited Laser-drilling
US6407362B1 (en) * 1998-07-22 2002-06-18 Hydraulik-Ring Gmbh Protective device for producing very small bores in tubular components, and method for producing bores
EP1661658A1 (fr) * 2004-11-30 2006-05-31 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Dispositif de fabrication d'un trou au moyen de rayonnement laser
US8779328B2 (en) * 2007-05-31 2014-07-15 Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. Methods for laser cutting tubing to make medical devices
US8173932B2 (en) * 2007-07-30 2012-05-08 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Perforation method and perforation apparatus
US20110127450A1 (en) * 2009-07-30 2011-06-02 Energetiq Technology, Inc. Laser-Heated Infrared Source
US20110163078A1 (en) * 2010-01-06 2011-07-07 Denso Corporation Device and method for machining workpiece with a laser beam
US20130146570A1 (en) * 2011-12-07 2013-06-13 General Atomics Methods and systems for use in laser machining

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020083816A1 (fr) * 2018-10-25 2020-04-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé de perçage au laser d'un composant
CN112888528A (zh) * 2018-10-25 2021-06-01 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于构件的激光钻孔的方法

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Zhang et al. Effect of tube-electrode inner structure on machining performance in tube-electrode high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling
JP6419739B2 (ja) ランスノズルおよびそれを備えた余剰溶射被膜除去装置
CN1193861C (zh) 机床的主轴装置
US7964817B2 (en) Electrical discharge machine apparatus for reverse taper bores
US6407362B1 (en) Protective device for producing very small bores in tubular components, and method for producing bores
KR101311472B1 (ko) 심공 드릴링 공구, 드릴링 방법, 및 심공 드릴링 공구를사용하여 제작된 가공물
WO2017151122A1 (fr) Systèmes et procédés pour prévenir l'endommagement d'une paroi arrière par un laser
EP3388700B1 (fr) Palier à tige de connexion et dispositif de palier
JP2003512559A (ja) 燃料高圧アキュムレータの製作法
KR20060136321A (ko) 심공 드릴링 공구, 드릴링 방법, 및 심공 드릴링 공구를사용하여 제작된 가공물
US9903273B2 (en) Method and an apparatus for producing cooling apertures in a combustion chamber head
US10989157B2 (en) Fuel-injection metering device, fuel-injection nozzle, mould for producing a fuel-injection metering device and method for producing a fuel-injection metering device
US9611824B2 (en) Process for manufacturing an injector body
CN213645884U (zh) 一种非物理接触式流体顶杆
CN114055097A (zh) 一种带流道槽的管状零件加工方法
CN113275625B (zh) 一种间断深环腔的加工方法
Al-Ata et al. An investigation of bell mouthing in precision hole machining with self-piloting tools
JPH04232377A (ja) 燃料噴射ノズル
KR20160140709A (ko) 분사구의 제조 방법 및 이런 유형의 분사구를 구비한 연료 분사기
JP6796538B2 (ja) コンロッド軸受、及び軸受装置
Knowles et al. Laser drilling of fuel injection components
Rohde et al. Trepan drilling of fuel injection nozzles with a TEM00 Nd: YAG slab laser
CN221169772U (zh) 一种适用于3d打印的液体火箭发动机喷嘴结构
JPH10230413A (ja) 中空ボールねじの製造方法
Uchiyama et al. Cutting Capability of Microdrills in Nonstep Drilling

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 16892869

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 16892869

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1