WO2017152940A1 - Système d'éclairage imitant un ciel ensoleillé à zone de fenêtre perçue agrandie - Google Patents

Système d'éclairage imitant un ciel ensoleillé à zone de fenêtre perçue agrandie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017152940A1
WO2017152940A1 PCT/EP2016/054817 EP2016054817W WO2017152940A1 WO 2017152940 A1 WO2017152940 A1 WO 2017152940A1 EP 2016054817 W EP2016054817 W EP 2016054817W WO 2017152940 A1 WO2017152940 A1 WO 2017152940A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
unit
transparent panel
light beam
room
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2016/054817
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English (en)
Inventor
Paolo Di Trapani
Davide MAGATTI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of Insubria
CoeLux SRL
Original Assignee
University of Insubria
CoeLux SRL
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Publication date
Application filed by University of Insubria, CoeLux SRL filed Critical University of Insubria
Priority to KR1020187028552A priority Critical patent/KR20180114219A/ko
Priority to JP2018547299A priority patent/JP6748218B2/ja
Priority to PCT/EP2016/054817 priority patent/WO2017152940A1/fr
Priority to EP16711161.6A priority patent/EP3426972B1/fr
Priority to US16/081,689 priority patent/US10670228B2/en
Priority to CN201680083295.0A priority patent/CN108700278A/zh
Publication of WO2017152940A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017152940A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V9/00—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters
    • F21V9/02—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters for simulating daylight
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/02—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of recess-mounted type, e.g. downlighters
    • F21S8/024—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of recess-mounted type, e.g. downlighters intended to be recessed in a wall or like vertical structure, e.g. building facade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/02—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of recess-mounted type, e.g. downlighters
    • F21S8/026—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of recess-mounted type, e.g. downlighters intended to be recessed in a ceiling or like overhead structure, e.g. suspended ceiling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0008—Reflectors for light sources providing for indirect lighting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2101/00—Point-like light sources

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to lighting systems, in particular to lighting systems for optically providing a widened
  • the present disclosure relates generally to implementing such a lighting system, for example, in an indoor room.
  • nanoparticle based Rayleigh-like scattering units and their application in the field of active illumination such as in lighting in general.
  • the generic concept may also be applicable to other embodiments of sun imitating lighting systems.
  • EP 2 30 478 Al, EP 2 304 480 Al, and WO 2014/076656 Al disclose lighting systems that use a light source producing visible light, and a panel containing nanoparticles used in transmission, i.e. the light source and the illuminated area are positioned on opposing sides of the panel.
  • the panel receives the light from the light source and acts in transmission as a so-called Rayleigh diffuser (herein also generally referred to as Rayleigh panel or briefly panel), namely it diffuses incident light similarly to the earth atmosphere in clear-sky conditions.
  • Rayleigh diffuser herein also generally referred to as Rayleigh panel or briefly panel
  • the concepts refer to directional light with lower correlated color temperature (CCT), which corresponds to sunlight, and diffused light with larger CCT, which corresponds to the light of the blue sky.
  • CCT correlated color temperature
  • a further object of the herein disclosed concepts is to provide for an extended sky perception provided by lighting systems imitating natural lighting conditions.
  • the present disclosure is directed, at least in part, to improving or overcoming one or more aspects of prior systems.
  • an enlarged sky-perception providing unit for a sun-sky imitating lighting system in inner edge configuration in particular for forming a room edge comprises a light transparent panel configured to emit diffused light from a front face, and a mirror unit with a reflective face positioned next to the light transparent panel to form an inner edge together with the light transparent panel.
  • the size of the light transparent panel is smaller than the size of the mirror unit. This may allow the complete front face to be viewable in reflection at least from within a predefined area.
  • the size along the direction of the inner edge of the light transparent panel, specifically the maximal extension, is smaller than the size of the mirror unit along the direction along the inner edge.
  • a width and/or a height of the front face are/is smaller than a width and/or a height of the reflective face, respectively.
  • a lighting system for in particular forming a room edge of a room comprises an enlarged sky-perception providing unit with a light transparent panel and a mirror unit with a reflective face forming an inner edge with respect to each other as, for example, described above, and a light source configured to emit a direct light beam through the light transparent panel onto the mirror unit such that the transmitted portion of the light beam is reflected completely by the reflective face, thereby creating a reflected direct light beam in particular for imitating a sun beam.
  • a room of a building comprises a room edge formed by a side wall and a ceiling.
  • the room further comprises a lighting system with an enlarged sky-perception providing unit as, for example, described above, wherein the light transparent panel of the sky-perceived unit and the mirror unit of the unit are provided at the wall and the ceiling, respectively, or vice versa, to form an inner edge representing the transition between the side wall and the ceiling.
  • a lighting system for forming part of a room edge of a room.
  • the lighting system comprises an enlarged sky- perception providing unit as, for example, mentioned above with a light transparent panel having a front face and a mirror unit with a reflective face forming an inner edge with respect to each other, and a light source that is configured to emit a direct light beam through the light transparent panel in a manner that a transmitted portion of the light beam passes by the mirror unit, wherein the light transparent panel and the mirror unit form the inner edge.
  • a reflective face is provided in the proximity of the Rayleigh panel, e.g. it is attached to the Rayleigh panel under an angle of, for example, about 90°.
  • the proximity means that the distance between the nearest two points laying on the front face and on the reflective face, respectively is smaller than half, a third, and/or a quarter of the average width of the panel. The width is measured in this case , for example, along the direction of extension of the inner edge.
  • a result of the inventors' sky-extension concept is that the lighting systems - as for example disclosed in WO 2014/076656 Al - can be mounted (e.g. vertically) or configured to emit the direct light beam in an upward direction.
  • the light source of the lighting system can be positioned behind the lower portion of the wall and, thus, may be easier accessible than for a lighting system being mounted above the ceiling.
  • the height of a room may be no longer affected by the installation of the lighting system.
  • a sun-sky imitating lighting system can be fit into a standard room of e.g. a height of 2.7 m.
  • the perceived window is increased in size due to the perceived reflected image of the Rayleigh panel.
  • Figs. 1A and IB are schematic illustrations of an exemplarily lighting system for sun-sky-imitation with a sky-extension concept provided by a sky-perceived unit in a perspective view and a cross-sectional view, respectively, of a room;
  • Figs. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the perception of an enlarged sky-perception providing unit
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic cut view for an illustration of an exemplary configuration of ae transition unit of an enlarged sky-perception providing unit
  • Figs. 4A to 4C are 3D-views and a schematic cross-sectional view of exemplary lighting systems configuration with a lightwell feature
  • Figs. 5A and 5B are schematic cross-sectional views of exemplary behind the wall installations based on embodiments of lighting systems using a separate light source for generating a light beam that is guided to illuminate a panel for diffused light generation;
  • Figs. 6A to 6C are schematic cross-sectional views of a behind the wall installation and two behind the ceiling installations based on embodiments of lighting systems using a large area light source for generating direct light, for example, close to the panel for diffused light generation.
  • the disclosure is based in part on the realization that to perceive sun-sky-imitation, a reduced homogeneity of the sky in perception and maintaining the desired directionality need special attention.
  • various features are presented that alone or in combination with one or more others of those features may help ensuring the unique perception of the sun-sky-imitation in particular for an enlarged sky-perception providing unit.
  • lighting systems for in particular indoor implementations may benefit from an perception of an enlarged window size as well as an accessibility of in particular the light source for service and replacement.
  • the size of the light beam may not extend the illumination beyond the borders of the mirror unit, specifically the reflective face. Keeping the direct light beam within the refiective face will avoid any perception of upward illumination. Similarly, the illumination of a transition unit and/or any face of a light well in a direction that is inconsistent with the expected sunlight direction may be avoided to not cause the above mentioned conflict in perception with the correct expected direction of illumination given by the propagation direction after the reflection of the direct light beam at the refiective face.
  • the disclosure is further based in part on the realization that the reflection of the blue sky imitation will - in case some gradient or inhomogeneity is present in the diffuse emission - create a reverse gradient or mirrored inhomogeneity such that the perception will be affected. This may appear unnatural and affect the unlimited depth perception associated with the sun-sky imitation.
  • the inventors realized that introducing an artificial inconsistency between the "real" imitated sky and the "mirrored” imitated sky will affect the perception to be less sensitive to the unwanted change/mirroring of the gradient or inhomogeneity.
  • the space between the panel and the mirror is mediated by a transition unit to create the visual discontinuity.
  • the disclosure is further based in part on the realization that it is desirable to provide a situation where the imitated sun beam extends top down, and preferably starting from a position higher than the observer's eye.
  • the panel is vertically oriented and the mirror is positioned above the panel, e.g. horizontally along the ceiling.
  • a sun-sky imitating lighting system 1 is installed in the room to create the impression of a window through which the sun shines into the room.
  • Lighting system 1 comprises - as a first part of an enlarged sky-perception providing unit 2 - a light transparent panel 3 for diffused light generation that is operated in transmission mode. This means that a light source (not shown) is in general provided
  • Light transparent panel 3 is installed at the upper portion of a wall
  • light transparent panel 3 has a front face 3 A, from which diffused light 7 is emitted.
  • Diffused light 7 represents, for example, the imitation of a blue sky and is, thus, perceived as the light of the sky.
  • light transparent panel 3 is configured as a
  • a transmitted portion 9 of the direct light beam is exemplary illustrated by arrows in Fig. IB that extend from the panel 3 upward to a ceiling 11 of the room.
  • Transmitted portion 9 of the direct light beam comprises essentially all the light that is not considered to be diffused light 7 and originates from the light source.
  • the transition between wall 5 and ceiling 11 is referred herein as an example of a room edge 12. Assuming a vertically extending front face 3 A, portion 9 of the light beam propagates, for example, at angles in the range from about 20° to 80° with respect to the vertical direction, i.e. with respect to front face 3A.
  • Lighting system 1 further comprises - as a second part of the enlarged sky-perception providing unit 2 - a mirror unit 13 installed at ceiling 11 of the room.
  • Mirror unit 13 has a reflective face 13 A positioned and extending next to light transparent panel 3 along ceiling 11 (e.g. as forming a portion of the ceiling surface).
  • Mirror unit 13 may comprise as reflective face 13A generally any type of optical acting interface that reflects light.
  • reflective face 13A of mirror unit 13 may be a surface of an aluminum layer or an interface between components, such as a reflective coating.
  • mirror unit 13, specifically reflective face 13 A, and light transparent panel 3, specifically front face 3 A form a portion of the transition between wall 5 and ceiling 11.
  • This portion is herein referred to as an inner edge 14 of enlarged sky-perception providing unit 2 that, once unit 2 is installed in a room, is physically considered a part of room edge 12 but on the perception side is in the ideal case not recognized as a room edge by an observer.
  • reflective face 13A extends at an angle with respect to front face 3 A.
  • inner edge 14 has an inner edge angle ⁇ under which front face 3 A extends with respect to reflective face 13 A.
  • Inner edge angle ⁇ is in the range from about 50° to 130° such as from about 70° to 110°.
  • front face 3 A and reflective face 13A extend as planar surface at an angle between 80° and 100° such as about 90° as illustrated in Fig. IB.
  • a width Wf and a height Hf of front face 3 A is smaller than a width Wr and a height Hr of the reflective face 13 A, respectively.
  • the width is measured in this case , for example, along the direction of extension of the inner edge, i.e. the transition between the wall and the ceiling, while the height is measured orthogonally to the width, e.g. in the plane of the front face or the reflective face, respectively.
  • Values of width Wf and height Hf for front face 3A can be, for example, 1 m and 0.5 m, respectively, or 2 m and 1 m, respectively.
  • the larger dimension is in the range from 0.5 m to 2 m or even up to 3 m.
  • the smaller dimension may be of the same size or about half the size, down to about 25% or less of the size of the larger dimension.
  • the skilled person will appreciate that the dimensions can be selected within the respective ranges freely and depend on the type of implementation of the lighting system. Accordingly, the values of width Wr and height Hr for reflective face 13A can be, for example, 1.5 m and 0.75 m, respectively, or 2.8 m and 1.5 m, respectively.
  • a lower limit for the dimension is the illuminated area of transmitted portion 9 in the plane of reflective face 13 A.
  • the width Wf would be measured orthogonally to the plane given by the tilt angle, while the height would be measured in direction given by the tilt angle (as illustrated in the drawings).
  • the tilt does not affect the width Wf compared to which the size of reflective face 13A should be larger.
  • the tilt may reduce the minimum requirement for the height Hr of reflective face 13 A, if one just wants to ensure that transmitted portion 9 to hit onto the reflective face 13A completely.
  • the height Hr may be about or even smaller than the height Hf.
  • front face 3A and reflective face 13A are selected such that an observer can - within a defined observation area - look at front face 3 A and its surrounding 15 in reflection via mirror unit 13.
  • the complete front face 3 A is viewable from within the room in reflection, in particular from within the defined observation area.
  • unit 2 is configured such that diffused light 7 as well as the reflection of the diffused light is at least partly emitted into an inner edge angular region 16.
  • reflective face 13A reflects transmitted portion 9 of the direct light beam to form a reflected light beam 17 travelling in a downward direction also into inner edge angular region 16 (as illustrated by an arrow in Fig. IB).
  • reflected light beam 17 propagates, for example, at angles in the range from about 20° to 80° with respect to the (downward) vertical direction, i.e. with respect to front face 3A assuming a vertically mounting of the same.
  • the possibility to view the complete front face 3 A is in particular given if the observer is positioned within reflected light beam 17.
  • Reflected light beam 17 of lighting system 1 represents the
  • the sun imitation is shown in Fig. 1 A as a circular spot 19 in the area of a reflected image 3 A' of front face 3 A in reflective face 13A of mirror unit 13. Reflected image 3A' of front face 3A is indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 1 A.
  • the light source - and in particular the emitting surface of the light source and the divergence of the emitted direct light beam - is specifically configured to be perceived as a homogeneously bright area that changes its relative position within reflected image 3A' of front face 3A in dependence of the position of the observer within a range of sun-observer locations.
  • the sun-observer locations are within the observation area mentioned above.
  • An exemplary light source is, for example, disclosed in
  • the light source in particular configured to emit light in a narrow emission solid angle to form a light beam propagating along an upward main light beam direction.
  • the light source emits light in the visible region of the light spectrum, for example, with wavelengths between 400 nm and 700 nm.
  • the light source emits light (visible electromagnetic radiation) with a spectral width preferably larger than 100 nm, more preferably higher than 170 nm.
  • the spectral width may be defined as the standard deviation of the first light source's wavelength spectrum.
  • lighting system 1 comprises a diffused light generator in form of light transparent panel 3 that operates as a Rayleigh-like diffuser, which substantially does not absorb light in the visible range and which diffuses more efficiently the short-wavelength in respect to the long-wavelength components of the impinging light, e.g. panel 3 substantially does not absorb light in the visible range and diffuses light at the wavelength 450 nm (blue) at least 1.2 times, for example at least 1.4 times, such as at least 1.6 times more efficiently than light in the wavelength range around 650 nm (red), wherein a diffusion efficiency is given by the ratio between the diffused light radiant power with respect the impinging light radiant power.
  • a transmitted (directed non-diffuse) component (light beam 9), formed by light rays that pass through and do not experience significant deviations, e.g. is formed by light rays experiencing a deviation smaller than 0.1 °;
  • a luminous flux of the transmitted component is a significant fraction of the overall luminous flux incident on panel 3;
  • a forward diffuse component formed by scattered light (referred to above as diffused light 7) propagating into the room (with the exception of that light beam direction and of directions differing from that light beam direction by an angle smaller than 0.1 °); a luminous flux of the forward diffuse component corresponds to a blue skylight fraction generated from the overall luminous flux incident on the panel;
  • a backward diffuse component formed by scattered light propagating away from the room;
  • a luminous flux of the backward diffuse component is, in general, in the range of but preferably less than the blue skylight fraction;
  • a reflected component formed by reflected light and propagating along a direction at a mirror angle away from the room, a luminous flux of the reflected component depends, for example, on the incident angle of the light beam onto the panel backside.
  • a large area light source that allows, for example, a structural incorporation of the light source and the panel in one unit, may be used.
  • Exemplary configurations of large area light sources are disclosed, for example, in the not yet published PCT/EP2015/069790 filed on 28 August 2015, by the same applicants, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the transmitted (directed non- diffuse) component (light beam portion 9) and the forward diffuse component, formed by scattered light (diffused light 7) are generated and emitted into the room by the lighting system (see also the disclosure in connection with Figs. 6A to 6C).
  • the optical properties of light transparent panel 3 may be such that
  • the blue skylight fraction is within the range from 5 % to 50 %, such within the range from 7 % to 40 %, or even in the range from 10 % to 30 %, or within the range from 15 % to 20 %;
  • the average correlated color temperature CCT of the transmitted component for example it may be higher by a factor of 1.2, or 1.3, or 1.5 or more;
  • light transparent panel 3 does not absorb significantly incident light, namely the sum of the four components is at least equal to 80 %, or 90 %, or even 95 %, or 97 % or more;
  • light transparent panel 3 scatters mostly forward, namely more than 1.1, or 1.3, or eve 1.5, or 2 two times more than is back scattered; and/or light transparent panel 3 may have low reflection, namely less than a portion of 9 %, or 6 %, or even less than 3 %, or 2 % of the impinging light is reflected.
  • the light source can be, for example, a cool white light source.
  • Exemplary embodiments of light sources may comprise LED based light emitters or discharge lamp based light emitters or hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide lamp based light emitters or halogen lamp based light emitters and respective optical systems downstream of the respective light emitter.
  • Light transparent panel 3 is generally configured for emitting diffused light 7 at a first color, e.g. in case of a sky imitation a bluish sky color and comprises front face 3 A as a visible front area section that an observer can see when looking at it.
  • the first color diffused light 7 and a second color of transmitted portion 9 of the light beam may be separated in the CIE 1976 (u',v') color space by, at least 0.008 such as at least 0.01, 0.025, or 0.04, where the color difference AuV is defined as the Euclidean distance in the uV color space.
  • the illuminating light beam CCT of the second color may be close to the Planckian locus (e.g. in the range from 800 K to 6 500 K).
  • the second color may correspond to u'v' points with a maximum distance from the Planckian locus of e.g. 0.06.
  • a distance from the Planckian locus is, for example in the range from 800 K to 6500 K, given by AuV ⁇ 0.060.
  • the CCT difference between the incoming light and transmitted portion 17 may be, for example, at least 300 K or even 1000 K or more.
  • the virtual image 3' of the reflected panel 3 is indicated by dashed lines.
  • the blue area is surrounded by a surrounding area 23 (see also Fig. 1 A) that is either a portion of the wall looked at directly or that is seen in reflection.
  • the portion looked at directly of surrounding area 23 may be a part of the room or of unit 2. It may be a portion of wall 5 or ceiling 11.
  • the lighting system may comprise some housing 27 for the light source that is positioned behind wall 5. It is further pointed out that in the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 2 a transition unit 29 is provided between the upper end of panel 3 and the portion of ceiling 11 formed by reflective face 13 A. The effect will be discussed after the following detailed discussion of further features of light transparent panel 3.
  • a first material e.g. resins having excellent optical transparency
  • nanoparticles of a second material organic or inorganic nanoparticles such as ZnO, Ti02, Si02, A1203 and similar
  • an organic matrix or an inorganic matrix may be used to embed the particles such as soda- lime-silica glass, borosilicate glass, fused silica, polymethylmethacrylate
  • the panel may be reduced to a layer or coating on a substrate.
  • the refractive indexes of the two materials are different, and this mismatch on the refractive index on the nano-scale is responsible of the Rayleigh-like scattering phenomenon.
  • the absorption of the first and the second material in the visible wavelength range can be considered negligible.
  • panel 3 may be uniform in the sense that, given any point on the front face 3 A, the physical characteristics of the panel in that point do not depend on the position of that point.
  • the nanoparticles may be monodisperse or poly disperse. The shape of the nanoparticle can essentially be any, while spherical particles are most common.
  • Diameter, refractive index mismatch, and areal density (number per square meter) of the nanoparticles are the parameters that define the cross section of the scattering phenomenon in the chromatic panel.
  • the amount of the impinging light scattered from the chromatic panel increases by increasing one of the parameters mentioned above.
  • the regular transmittance property ⁇ ( ⁇ ) of the material at a certain wavelength as defined in the Standard Terminology of Appearance, ASTM international, E 284 - 09a, the transmittance is in general the ratio of the transmitted flux to the incident flux in the given conditions.
  • the regular transmittance ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is the transmittance under the undiffused angle, i.e. the angle of incidence.
  • the regular transmittance is intended for non-polarized incident light with an incident angle corresponding to the main light beam propagation.
  • the range would be [0.3-0.9], such as [0.35-0.85] or even [0.4-0.8]; in the embodiments aiming at a Nordic sky the range would be [0.05-0.3], such as [0.1- 0.3] or even [0.15-0.3].
  • transparent optical panel comprising a transparent matrix and transparent nanoparticles having different refraction index with respect to the matrix, and having sizes (significantly) smaller than visible wavelength, will preferentially scatter the blue part (the blue) of the spectrum, and transmit the red part (the red). While the wavelength-dependence of the scattering efficiency per single particle approaches the 4 Ray leigh- limit law for particle sizes smaller or about equal to 1/10 of the wavelength ⁇ , a respective acceptable optical effect may be reached already in the above range for the size of the nanoparticles. In general, resonances and diffraction effects may start to occur at sizes larger, for example, than half the wavelength.
  • the size of the nanoparticles embedded in the matrix may be in the range from 10 nm to 250 nm, such as 20 nm to 100 nm, e.g. 20 nm to 50 nm, and, for compact devices, e.g. using thin layers such as coatings and paints, the size may be in the range from 10 nm to 250 nm, such as 50 nm to 180 nm, e.g. 70 nm to 120 nm.
  • the effective diameter is the diameter of the equivalent spherical particle, namely the effective diameter spherical particle having similar scattering properties as the aforementioned nanoparticles.
  • larger particles may be provided within the matrix with dimensions outside that range but those particles may not affect the Rayleigh-like feature and, for example, only contribute to forming a low-angle scattering cone around the specular reflection.
  • the chromatic effect is further based on the nanoparticles having a refractive index that is different than the refractive index of the embedding matrix.
  • the nanoparticles have a real refractive index n p sufficiently different from that of the matrix 3 ⁇ 4 (also referred to as host material), in order to allow light scattering to take place.
  • n p sufficiently different from that of the matrix 3 ⁇ 4 (also referred to as host material), in order to allow light scattering to take place.
  • host medium refractive indexes (with m ⁇ — ) may be in the range
  • 0.5 ⁇ m ⁇ 2.5 such as in the range 0.7 ⁇ m ⁇ 2.1 or 0.7 ⁇ m ⁇ 1.9 .
  • volume filling fraction f is
  • nanoparticles may be distributed inside the panel in a manner such that their areal density, namely the number N of nanoparticles per square meter, i.e. the number of nanoparticles within a volume element delimited by a portion of the surface of the panel having an area of 1 m 2 , satisfies the condition N>Nmin, where:
  • d [meter] is the average particle size defined as the average particle diameter in the case of spherical particles, and as the average diameter of volume-to-area equivalent spherical particles in the case of non-spherical particles, as defined in [T.C. GRENFELL, AND S.G. WARREN,
  • N N [meters -2 ]
  • N N [meters -2 ], (D given in [meters] ) and N ⁇
  • the nanoparticles are distributed
  • the areal density is substantially uniform on the panel, but the nanoparticle distribution may vary across the panel.
  • the areal density varies, for example, by less than 5 % of the mean areal density.
  • the areal density is here intended as a quantity defined over areas larger 0.25 mm 2 .
  • the areal density varies, so as to
  • the luminance of the panel may be equalized, in spite of the non- uniformity of the illuminance profile of light source on the panel.
  • the luminance is the luminous flux of a beam emanating from a surface (or falling on a surface) in a given direction, per unit of projected area of the surface as viewed from the given direction, and per unit of solid angle, as reported, as an example, in the standard ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) E284-09a.
  • an areal density N ⁇ Nmin is expected to produce scattering efficiency of about 5 %.
  • the scattering efficiency is expected to grow proportionally to N, until multiple scattering or interferences (in case of high volume fraction) occur, which might compromise color quality.
  • the choice of the number of nanoparticles is thus biased by the search for a compromise between scattering efficiency and desired color, as described in detail in EP 2 304 478 Al .
  • the ratio of the forward to backward luminous flux grows, such ratio being equal to one in the Rayleigh limit.
  • the aperture of the forward scattering cone gets smaller.
  • the choice of the ratio is biased by the search for a compromise between having light scattered at large angles and minimizing the flux of backward scattered light.
  • the homogeneity of the diffuse light generated across the panel depends on the incoming light profile. Assuming, for example, oblique incidence, due to the divergence of the beam, the first hit area of panel 3 (lower portion in Fig. 2) may be subject to a slightly higher light intensity as the last hit area (upper portion in Fig. 2). Accordingly, a slight change or gradient in "sky" color may be present. Assuming now that the gradient is reflected due to mirror unit 13, a potentially unnatural impression may occur that reduces the infinite depth perception that could in principle be achieved by light transparent panel 3 being illuminated by a respective configured light source.
  • a transition unit 29 illustrated in Fig. 2 can create artificially a strong contrast across the perceived window area that overcomes the sensibility of the eye for the above illustrated change in gradient. Configuring the transition unit 29 accordingly may reduce or even avoid the perception of the change in gradient by an observer.
  • Transition unit 29 may form the transition between front face 3 A and reflective face 13 A, and in particular may extend along the neighboring border regions of front face 3 A of light transparent panel 3 and of reflective face 13A of mirror unit 13. As shown in Fig. 3, transition unit 29 may extend along a very inner edge portion 14' of inner edge 14 formed by unit 2.
  • portion 9 of the transmitted light beam should not be incident on the surface of transition unit 29 because portion 9 is directed upwards. Any illumination by portion 9 would thus be contrary to the expected illumination by the sun.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates that the shape of transition unit 29 may be
  • Transition unit 29 may generally be configured to create a visually perceived discontinuity (break in appearance) between the perceived image of front face 3 A and a perceived reflected image 3' of front face 3 A.
  • transition unit 29 may comprise a perceived transition surface (e.g. face 29A) made of at least one of a white, an absorbing, and a translucent material.
  • Transition unit 29 is in particular positioned outside of transmitted portion 9 of the light beam. Specifically, transition unit 29 is not illuminated by the transmitted portion 9 of the direct light beam.
  • Exemplary shapes include a plane viewable face 29A (e.g.
  • Fig. 3 coplanar with respect to the front face 3 A or angled with respect to front face 3 A and reflective face 13A when provided by a - in cross-section - triangular shape of transition unit 29) or a concave viewable face or a step-wise planar shape is illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • the lighting systems comprise a light well structure 31 that forms a frame-like area extending next to and partially surrounding front face 3A.
  • the embodiment of the lighting system ⁇ illustrated in Fig. 4A is similar to the one of Fig. 1A with the difference that light transparent panel 3 is provided at the bottom of a light well structure 31 that is formed in wall 5.
  • Light well structure 31 extends along the lower side as well as the right and left sides of panel 3. Faces 31A at the sides of the light well structure 31 open towards the room with an opening angle that avoids any contact of transmitted portion 9 of the light beam with those faces 31 A, thereby not introducing an unnatural upward illumination that would stand in contrast to the reflected image in mirror unit 13.
  • Face 3 IB cannot be illuminated do to the upward propagation direction of transmitted portion 9.
  • mirror unit 13 is provided in a recess with side walls 33 A.
  • the reflective face 13A is larger than the size of transmitted beam portion 9, also those side walls 33A are not illuminated by transmitted light beam 9. However, they can in general be illuminated by diffused light 7.
  • transition unit 29 is indicated in Fig. 4A to extend
  • transition unit 29 may also cover to some degree the unnatural disappearance of the sun at the center of the perceived window imitation.
  • Fig. 4B illustrates an installation of lighting system ⁇ of Fig. 4A close to a corner 35 of the room. Accordingly, a second side wall 5' extends along the beam propagation direction. Due to selected propagation direction and/or the divergence of reflected light beam 17, some light will hit side wall 5' and emphasize the sun beam character by a lit up region 37 next to non-lit up regions 38 on wall 5'. It is noted that due to the reflective configuration, lit up region 37 at wall 5' in principle tracks back along its borders only to top half 21 of the window imitation. However, installing lighting system ⁇ with some distance to side wall 5' will make it difficult to link lit up region 37 only to that top half 21.
  • FIG. 4C a cut view further illustrates the light well aspect.
  • Front face 3 A of panel 3 is recessed with respect to wall 5.
  • Lower transition face 3 IB - extending from front face 3 A to the surface of wall 5 - clearly could not be illuminated by transmitted beam portion 9 but it may be illuminated by diffused light 7.
  • an alternative shape of a transition element 29' with a tilted face 29A' is illustrated that again is not illuminated by transmitted beam portion 9.
  • the size of reflective face 13A is larger than the size of front face 3 A, and even larger than the projection of transmitted portion 9 on reflective face 13 A. This ensures that no unnatural upward illumination affects the perception at the border of reflective face 13 A.
  • the size is - depending of the angle at which transmitted light beam portion 9 propagates upward - at least as large as an area having the same shape as the reflective face that is illuminated by transmitted portion 9 of the light beam.
  • the description of the size of the projected beam on the mirror unit is affected by various features such as the tilt angle and the shape of the front face.
  • the shape of the illuminated area may be, for example, a trapezoid (and not a rectangle due to the 45° tilted direction of the transmitted beam).
  • considerations about the illuminance profile need to be considered as well as the beam divergence, itself.
  • the quantification of the required size of the reflective face can be made by considering the source distance and the beam divergence and then quantifying the size of the illuminated area.
  • the size also is related to the orientation of the reflective face with respect the beam propagation axis. For example, a reflective face orthogonal to the main beam at a distance of 6 m should be bigger than 1.6 m x 0.5 m considering a full divergence of 30° and 10° in the respective directions. This is illustrated, for example, in the cut view of Fig. 4C by the fact that arrows are shown only at the left half of the drawing to illustrate reflected beam 17.
  • Figs. 5 A and 5B illustrate the optical layout within housing 27 behind wall 5.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 5A corresponds essentially to the use of the lighting system disclosed in EP 2 920 508 Al .
  • a light source 41 projects a light beam 43 onto the backside of panel 3.
  • two reflectors (not explicitly shown) are provided within housing 27. The reflectors are arranged and configured in particular as folding optics to reduce the dimension of lighting system 1.
  • the modified embodiment of Fig. 5B distinguishes in its optical layout by guiding light beam such that light source 4 is easily accessible from within the room.
  • light source 4 ⁇ may reach into the room as shown in Fig. 5B or may still lay within the level of the wall.
  • servicing light source 4 ⁇ is simple as it is, e.g. easier accessible than light source 41.
  • Light sources 41 and 4 are configured to emit a direct light beam
  • the light source and the light transparent panel 3 are configured to provide for transmitted portion 9 of light beam 43 as being non- diffused directed light with a first correlated color temperature and extending along a main light beam direction and to generate the diffused light within panel 3 at a second correlated color temperature.
  • light source is positioned upstream light transparent panel 3 and/or generates - as light beam 43 - a direct light beam that is collimated.
  • Examples of the light sources as used in Figs. 5A and 5B are specific projectors with e.g. two different divergences in orthogonal planes such as FWHM apertures of 30° and 10°, or similar, able to project e.g. a rectangle.
  • a light source are large area light sources that are configured to emit a collimated direct light beam from, for example, a large planar emitting face and wherein, for the collimated direct light beam, a beam with FWHM divergence smaller than 10° is generated.
  • the transmitted portion of the light beam i.e. after the "window" imitation by the front face, produces an illumination profile on the mirror plane, i.e. the plane corresponding to the reflective face.
  • the regions of this profile with an illuminance greater than 5% of the maximum illuminance are associated with an area equal to A 5 %.
  • the reflective face has to cover (to collect) all those regions and its total area should be equal to at least A 5 % such A 5 %plus 5%, 15%, 30% of A 5 %.
  • FIGs. 6A to 6C illustrate lighting systems 101 , 10 ⁇ , 101 " that are based on compact light beam generator configurations such as the ones disclosed in the above mentioned PCT/EP2015/069790.
  • Those configurations may comprise a light beam generator 45 attached to or separated from panel 3.
  • the light beam emerges essentially orthogonally from a light emitting face of compact light beam generator 45 that essentially is as large or larger in size than panel 3.
  • compact light beam generator 45 is tilted behind wall 5 and positioned to illuminate panel 3 completely. Accordingly, lighting system 101 of Fig. 6A corresponds in appearance essentially to lighting system 1 of Fig. 1A.
  • a compact light unit 47 comprises compact light beam generator 45 that is combined with panel 3.
  • panel 3 is attached to the emitting face of light beam generator 45.
  • Compact light unit 47 is mounted at ceiling 11 such that light beam portion 9" propagates alongside wall 5 from top to bottom.
  • Mirror unit 13 is in this case positioned at wall 5 next to and orthogonal to compact light unit 47, i.e. specifically to panel 3 attached to it.
  • FIG. 6C illustrates an embodiment, in which thin compact light beam source 45 and panel 3 again form a compact light unit 47.
  • Compact light unit 47 is mounted at an oblique ceiling 11 ' such that a tilted propagation angle of portion 9 with respect to the vertical direction exists. Accordingly, beam portion 9 can be directed onto mirror unit 13 that is in this configuration mounted again at wall 5 next to compact light beam unit 47.
  • light beam 17 may be seen from within an observer range. Depending on the incidence angle onto mirror unit 13 and a height of the room, that observer range may be close to wall 5 or extend into the room.
  • the ceiling may alternatively extend mainly horizontally and only the tilted and as a window perceived portion of the ceiling is formed by compact light beam unit 47.
  • secondary chromatic diffusing layer associated light source may be used, for example, for an additional illumination of the chromatic diffusing layer from the side.
  • Exemplary embodiments are disclosed, for example, in
  • the chromatic diffusing layer may be configured to interact primarily with the light of that secondary light source or with the light from both light sources to provide for diffused light 7.
  • the front face and/or the reflective face are essentially formed as planar surfaces that are, for example, arranged with respect to each other at the inner edge angle.
  • the exemplary embodiments shown herein are based on rectangular shapes for the front faces and the reflective faces that have essentially one border extending side by side (or displaced by the transition unit), alternative shapes are possible such as a triangular front face combined with a larger triangular or rectangular reflective face. In general, the shape is determined by the feasibility of the light source, specifically the light beam.
  • directions may vary with respect to, for example, the vertical direction in dependence of the specific type and orientation of the installation within a room, for example.
  • Transparent or partially transparent - as used herein for the light transparent panel - refers to the system's capacity to transmit, at least partially, an image forming light beam.
  • a partially transparent panel refers to, in the contest of the herein disclosed embodiments, to a panel that transmits at least 40% such as 60%, 80% or more of a collimated red light beam which impinges normally to the panel.
  • transmitted light includes all the light that propagates into a cone of forward directions, where the cone has a FWHM aperture smaller than 10°, such as 7° or smaller, e.g. 5° or smaller, and has its axis aligned on the original propagation direction.
  • colllimated refers to a beam with FWHM divergence smaller than 2° and, red light is e.g. a beam having a spectral distribution in the range from 650nm to 700nm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'éclairage (1) destiné en particulier à former un bord de pièce (12) d'une pièce comprenant une unité de fourniture de perception de ciel agrandie (2) comprenant un panneau transparent à la lumière (3) et une unité de miroir (13) présentant une face réfléchissante (13A) formant un bord interne (14). Le système d'éclairage comprend en outre une source de lumière (41) configurée pour émettre un faisceau lumineux direct (43) à travers le panneau transparent à la lumière (3) sur l'unité de miroir (13) de sorte que la partie transmise (9) du faisceau lumineux soit réfléchie complètement par la face réfléchissante (13A), créant ainsi un faisceau lumineux direct réfléchi (17), notamment pour imiter un rayon de soleil.
PCT/EP2016/054817 2016-03-07 2016-03-07 Système d'éclairage imitant un ciel ensoleillé à zone de fenêtre perçue agrandie Ceased WO2017152940A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020187028552A KR20180114219A (ko) 2016-03-07 2016-03-07 확대된 지각 윈도우 영역을 가진 태양-하늘 모방 채광 시스템
JP2018547299A JP6748218B2 (ja) 2016-03-07 2016-03-07 拡張された知覚される窓領域を有する太陽−天空模倣照明システム
PCT/EP2016/054817 WO2017152940A1 (fr) 2016-03-07 2016-03-07 Système d'éclairage imitant un ciel ensoleillé à zone de fenêtre perçue agrandie
EP16711161.6A EP3426972B1 (fr) 2016-03-07 2016-03-07 Système d'éclairage imitant un ciel ensoleillé à zone de fenêtre perçue agrandie
US16/081,689 US10670228B2 (en) 2016-03-07 2016-03-07 Sun-sky imitating lighting system with enlarged perceived window area
CN201680083295.0A CN108700278A (zh) 2016-03-07 2016-03-07 具有放大的感知窗口区域的太阳天空模拟照明系统

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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PCT/EP2016/054817 WO2017152940A1 (fr) 2016-03-07 2016-03-07 Système d'éclairage imitant un ciel ensoleillé à zone de fenêtre perçue agrandie

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JP2020191308A (ja) * 2018-05-18 2020-11-26 三菱電機株式会社 照明器具
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CN112984424B (zh) * 2021-03-11 2023-08-22 上海灵加科技有限公司 一种模拟天空的灯具

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US10670228B2 (en) 2020-06-02
KR20180114219A (ko) 2018-10-17
JP2019511812A (ja) 2019-04-25
CN108700278A (zh) 2018-10-23
US20190101263A1 (en) 2019-04-04
EP3426972B1 (fr) 2020-04-29
EP3426972A1 (fr) 2019-01-16

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