WO2017155004A1 - 多孔性中空糸膜及びその製造方法、並びにろ過方法 - Google Patents
多孔性中空糸膜及びその製造方法、並びにろ過方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017155004A1 WO2017155004A1 PCT/JP2017/009338 JP2017009338W WO2017155004A1 WO 2017155004 A1 WO2017155004 A1 WO 2017155004A1 JP 2017009338 W JP2017009338 W JP 2017009338W WO 2017155004 A1 WO2017155004 A1 WO 2017155004A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
- B01D71/34—Polyvinylidene fluoride
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/0018—Thermally induced processes [TIPS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
- B01D69/087—Details relating to the spinning process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/26—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a solid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. leaching out
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/219—Specific solvent system
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
- B01D2325/0283—Pore size
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/04—Characteristic thickness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/24—Mechanical properties, e.g. strength
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/30—Chemical resistance
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/40—Fibre reinforced membranes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/447—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by membrane distillation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a porous hollow fiber membrane, a production method thereof, and a filtration method using the porous hollow fiber membrane.
- Membrane filtration methods using hollow fiber membranes are becoming widespread for turbidity treatment of liquids to be treated, such as water treatment and sewage treatment.
- a heat-induced phase separation method is known as a heat-induced phase separation method.
- thermoplastic resin and an organic liquid are used.
- an organic liquid a thermoplastic resin does not dissolve at room temperature, but a solvent that dissolves at high temperatures, that is, a latent solvent (poor solvent), is a heat-induced phase separation method in which a thermoplastic resin and an organic liquid are kneaded at a high temperature and heated.
- This is a method for producing a porous body by dissolving a plastic resin in an organic liquid and then inducing phase separation by cooling to room temperature and further removing the organic liquid.
- This method has the following advantages.
- the thermally induced phase separation method is frequently used as a method for producing a porous membrane.
- certain crystalline resins have a problem in practical durability because the film structure tends to be spherulite and the strength is high but the elongation is low.
- a technique for forming a film using a poor solvent of a thermoplastic resin selected from citrate esters has been disclosed (see Patent Document 1).
- the film manufactured by the method described in Patent Document 1 also has a problem of having a spherulite structure.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has a three-dimensional network structure, a porous hollow fiber membrane excellent in chemical resistance and mechanical strength, a method for producing the same, and a porous hollow fiber membrane Provide a filtration method using
- a poor solvent is used as a raw material containing a thermoplastic resin for thermally induced phase separation. It was found that by mixing at least one of these, a film having a three-dimensional network structure excellent in chemical resistance and mechanical strength could be produced, and the present invention was achieved.
- the inventors use a film-forming raw material containing a non-solvent and a poor solvent as a thermoplastic resin, so that the film structure expresses a three-dimensional network structure, has good openness, chemical resistance, and It has been found that a film having high mechanical strength can be produced. Furthermore, it has been found that a membrane filtration operation can be performed with high efficiency by performing filtration using the membrane produced as described above.
- the present invention provides the following inventions.
- One porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as a first porous hollow fiber membrane for convenience)
- a porous hollow fiber membrane containing a thermoplastic resin The porous hollow fiber membrane comprises at least a first solvent and a second solvent;
- the first solvent is sebacic acid ester, citric acid ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester, 6 to 30 carbon atoms
- a fatty acid of at least one selected from epoxidized vegetable oils Unlike the first solvent, the second solvent is sebacic acid ester, citrate ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester , At least
- the first porous hollow fiber membrane preferably has a tensile elongation at break of 60% or more.
- the first porous hollow fiber membrane preferably has a tensile elongation at break of 60% or more with respect to an initial value after being immersed in a 4% NaOH aqueous solution for 10 days.
- the first solvent is the first mixed liquid in which the ratio of the thermoplastic resin to the first solvent is 20:80, and the temperature of the first mixed liquid is set to the first temperature. Even if it raises to the boiling point of a solvent, it is preferable that it is a non-solvent which does not melt
- the second solvent is a second mixed liquid in which the ratio of the thermoplastic resin to the second solvent is 20:80, and the temperature of the second mixed liquid is from 25 ° C. It is preferably a solvent in which the thermoplastic resin is uniformly dissolved in the second solvent at any temperature not higher than the boiling point of the second solvent.
- thermoplastic resin is uniformly dissolved in the second solvent” means that the solution is not visually separated into two layers and the solution becomes transparent.
- the second solvent is a second liquid mixture in which the ratio of the thermoplastic resin to the second solvent is 20:80, and the temperature of the second liquid mixture is 25 ° C.
- the thermoplastic resin is not uniformly dissolved in the second solvent, and the thermoplastic resin is uniformly in the second solvent at any temperature that is higher than 100 ° C. and lower than the boiling point of the second solvent. More preferably, it is a poor solvent that dissolves in
- the thermoplastic resin is preferably polyvinylidene fluoride.
- a porous hollow fiber membrane comprising polyvinylidene fluoride comprises a first solvent;
- the first solvent is sebacic acid ester, citric acid ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester, 6 to 30 carbon atoms
- the temperature of the first mixed solution is Even if it raises to the boiling point of 1 solvent, it is a non-solvent in which polyvinylidene fluoride does not melt
- the second porous hollow fiber membrane includes a second solvent different from the first solvent,
- the second solvent is sebacic acid ester, citric acid ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester, 6 to 30 carbon atoms
- the temperature of the second mixed liquid is 25.
- the polyvinylidene fluoride is a solvent in which the polyvinylidene fluoride is uniformly dissolved in the second solvent at any temperature higher than ° C. and lower than the boiling point of the second solvent.
- the polyvinylidene fluoride when the temperature of the second mixed liquid is 25 ° C., the polyvinylidene fluoride is not uniformly dissolved in the second solvent, and the temperature of the second mixed liquid is More preferably, the polyvinylidene fluoride is a poor solvent in which the polyvinylidene fluoride is uniformly dissolved in the second solvent at any temperature higher than 100 ° C. and lower than the boiling point of the second solvent.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention may further contain an inorganic substance.
- the inorganic substance is preferably at least one selected from silica, lithium chloride, and titanium oxide.
- the first production method for convenience A method for producing a porous hollow fiber membrane using a thermoplastic resin and a solvent,
- the solvent includes at least a first solvent and a second solvent,
- the first solvent is sebacic acid ester, citric acid ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester, 6 to 30 carbon atoms
- a fatty acid of at least one selected from epoxidized vegetable oils Unlike the first solvent, the second solvent is sebacic acid ester, citrate ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester , At least one selected from fatty acids having 6 to 30 carbon atoms
- the first solvent is a first mixed liquid in which the ratio of the thermoplastic resin to the first solvent is 20:80, and the temperature of the first mixed liquid is set to the boiling point of the first solvent. It is preferable that the thermoplastic resin is a non-solvent that does not dissolve uniformly in the first solvent even if the temperature is increased.
- the second solvent is a thermoplastic resin in a second mixed liquid in which the ratio of the thermoplastic resin to the second solvent is 20:80, and the temperature of the second mixed liquid is 25 ° C. Is not uniformly dissolved in the second solvent, and the thermoplastic resin is uniformly dissolved in the second solvent at a temperature higher than 100 ° C. and lower than the boiling point of the second solvent. A poor solvent is preferred.
- Another porous hollow fiber membrane production method of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the second production method for convenience) A method for producing a porous hollow fiber membrane comprising polyvinylidene fluoride, Dissolving polyvinylidene fluoride in a solvent containing at least a first solvent and a second solvent; Separating the solution containing the dissolved polyvinylidene fluoride,
- the first solvent is sebacic acid ester, citric acid ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester, 6 to 30 carbon atoms
- the temperature of the first mixed solution is 1 is a non-solvent that does not dissolve polyvinylidene fluoride uniformly in the first solvent even if the boiling point of the solvent is raised to 1.
- the second solvent is sebacic acid ester, citrate ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid
- a second liquid mixture of at least one selected from an ester, a fatty acid having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and an epoxidized vegetable oil wherein the ratio of polyvinylidene fluoride to the second solvent is 20:80
- 2 is a solvent in which polyvinylidene fluoride is uniformly dissolved in the second solvent at a temperature higher than 25 ° C. and lower than the boiling point of the second solvent.
- the second solvent is a polyvinylidene fluoride in a second mixed liquid in which the ratio of polyvinylidene fluoride to the second solvent is 20:80, and the temperature of the second mixed liquid is 25 ° C. Is not uniformly dissolved in the second solvent, and the polyvinylidene fluoride is uniformly dissolved in the second solvent at a temperature higher than 100 ° C. and lower than the boiling point of the second solvent. A poor solvent is preferred.
- the phase separation step is preferably liquid-liquid phase separation.
- liquid-liquid phase separation refers to a phenomenon in which a thermoplastic resin is separated into two liquid phases having different concentrations.
- Still another porous hollow fiber membrane production method of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as a third production method for convenience)
- the non-solvent is sebacic acid ester, citric acid ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester, carbon It is preferably at least one selected from a fatty acid of several 6 to 30 and an epoxidized vegetable oil.
- the solvent further contains a second solvent
- the second solvent is a second liquid mixture in which the ratio of the thermoplastic resin to the second solvent is 20:80, and the temperature of the second liquid mixture is higher than 25 ° C. and lower than the boiling point of the second solvent. It is preferable that the thermoplastic resin is a solvent that uniformly dissolves in the second solvent at such a temperature.
- the second solvent is a second mixed liquid in which the ratio of the thermoplastic resin to the second solvent is 20:80, and the second mixed liquid is thermoplastic when the liquid temperature is 25 ° C.
- the resin is not uniformly dissolved in the second solvent, and the thermoplastic resin is uniformly dissolved in the second solvent at any temperature higher than 100 ° C. and lower than the boiling point of the second solvent. It is preferable to be a poor solvent.
- the second solvent is sebacic acid ester, citrate ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester , Stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester, fatty acid having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and epoxidized vegetable oil.
- a method for producing a porous hollow fiber membrane (hereinafter referred to as a fourth production method for convenience) A method for producing a porous hollow fiber membrane containing a thermoplastic resin, Selecting a first solvent for thermally induced phase separation of the thermoplastic resin; Dissolving a thermoplastic resin in a solvent containing the selected first solvent; Separating the solution containing the dissolved thermoplastic resin, and The step of selecting the first solvent is performed based on a first criterion for determining the first solvent, where the ratio of the thermoplastic resin to the first solvent is 20:80. In the first mixed solution, even if the temperature of the first mixed solution is raised to the boiling point of the first solvent, the thermoplastic resin is not uniformly dissolved in the first solvent.
- the method further comprises a step of selecting a second solvent for thermally induced phase separation of the thermoplastic resin,
- the step of selecting the second solvent is performed based on the second criterion;
- the second criterion is that in the second mixed liquid in which the ratio of the thermoplastic resin to the second solvent is 20:80, any of the temperature of the second mixed liquid is higher than 25 ° C. and lower than the boiling point of the second solvent. It is preferable that the thermoplastic resin is uniformly dissolved in the second solvent at such a temperature.
- the second criterion is that in the second liquid mixture in which the ratio of the plastic resin and the second solvent is 20:80, the thermoplastic resin is not used when the temperature of the second liquid mixture is 25 ° C.
- the thermoplastic resin is not uniformly dissolved in the second solvent, and the thermoplastic resin is uniformly dissolved in the second solvent at any temperature higher than 100 ° C. and lower than the boiling point of the second solvent. It is preferable that
- the first solvent is sebacic acid ester, citrate ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester , At least one selected from fatty acids having 6 to 30 carbon atoms and epoxidized vegetable oil.
- the second solvent is sebacic acid ester, citrate ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, It is preferably at least one selected from stearic acid esters, phosphoric acid esters, fatty acids having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and epoxidized vegetable oils.
- an inorganic substance may be further added.
- the inorganic substance is preferably at least one selected from silica, lithium chloride, and titanium oxide.
- the filtration method of the present invention performs filtration using the porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention.
- a porous hollow fiber membrane in which the membrane structure forms a three-dimensional network structure, the pores are good, the chemical resistance and the mechanical strength are high.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows the outer surface of a porous hollow fiber membrane according to an embodiment.
- the outer surface of the porous hollow fiber membrane 10 shown in FIG. 1 is not a spherulite structure but a three-dimensional network structure.
- the tensile elongation at break is increased, and resistance to alkalis (such as aqueous sodium hydroxide) frequently used as a film cleaning agent is increased.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane 10 includes a thermoplastic resin
- examples of the thermoplastic resin include a polyolefin, a copolymer of an olefin and a halogenated olefin, a halogenated polyolefin, or a mixture thereof.
- the thermoplastic resin include a polyolefin, a copolymer of an olefin and a halogenated olefin, a halogenated polyolefin, or a mixture thereof.
- polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride (which may include a hexafluoropropylene domain), or a mixture thereof may be mentioned. . Since these materials are thermoplastic, they are excellent in handleability and tough, and are excellent as film materials.
- homopolymers and copolymers of vinylidene fluoride, ethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, and chlorotrifluoroethylene, or mixtures of the above homopolymers and copolymers are excellent in mechanical strength and chemical strength (chemical resistance) and molded. It is preferable because of its good properties. More specifically, fluorine resins such as polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer can be used.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane 10 can contain up to about 5% by mass of components (impurities and the like) other than the thermoplastic resin.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane contains a solvent used at the time of production.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane 10 includes a first solvent used as a solvent at the time of production (hereinafter also referred to as a non-solvent), Or a 2nd solvent (henceforth a good solvent or a poor solvent), or both are contained. These solvents can be detected by pyrolysis GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry).
- the first porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention will be described.
- the first porous hollow fiber membrane includes a thermoplastic resin, a first solvent, and a second solvent. That is, a porous hollow fiber membrane containing a thermoplastic resin,
- the porous hollow fiber membrane includes at least a first solvent and a second solvent,
- the first solvent is sebacic acid ester, citric acid ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester, 6 to 30 carbon atoms
- the second solvent is sebacic acid ester, citrate ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester ,
- the first solvent is thermoplastic even if the temperature of the first mixed liquid is increased to the boiling point of the first solvent in the first mixed liquid in which the ratio of the thermoplastic resin to the first solvent is 20:80. It is preferable that the resin is a non-solvent that does not uniformly dissolve in the first solvent.
- the second solvent is a second liquid mixture in which the ratio of the thermoplastic resin to the second solvent is 20:80, and the temperature of the second liquid mixture is higher than 25 ° C. and lower than the boiling point of the second solvent. It is preferable that the thermoplastic resin is a solvent that uniformly dissolves in the second solvent at such a temperature.
- the second solvent is a second liquid mixture in which the ratio of the thermoplastic resin to the second solvent is 20:80.
- the thermoplastic resin is uniform in the second solvent.
- the thermoplastic resin is a poor solvent in which the thermoplastic resin is uniformly dissolved in the second solvent at any temperature higher than 100 ° C. and lower than the boiling point of the second solvent. preferable.
- the second porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention uses polyvinylidene fluoride as a thermoplastic resin and contains at least a first solvent (non-solvent). That is, the second porous hollow fiber membrane is A porous hollow fiber membrane comprising polyvinylidene fluoride, The porous hollow fiber membrane comprises a first solvent;
- the first solvent is sebacic acid ester, citric acid ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester, 6 to 30 carbon atoms
- the temperature of the first mixed solution is Even if it raises to the boiling point of 1 solvent, it is a non-solvent in which polyvinylidene fluoride does not melt
- the second porous hollow fiber membrane may contain a second solvent different from the first solvent,
- the second solvent is sebacic acid ester, citric acid ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester, 6 to 30 carbon atoms
- the temperature of the second mixed liquid is 25.
- the polyvinylidene fluoride is a solvent in which the polyvinylidene fluoride is uniformly dissolved in the second solvent at any temperature higher than ° C. and lower than the boiling point of the second solvent.
- the polyvinylidene fluoride when the temperature of the second mixed solution is 25 ° C., the polyvinylidene fluoride is not uniformly dissolved in the second solvent, and the temperature of the second mixed solution is higher than 100 ° C. and the boiling point of the second solvent. It is more preferable that the polyvinylidene fluoride is a poor solvent that uniformly dissolves in the second solvent at any of the following temperatures.
- the initial value of the tensile elongation at break is preferably 60% or more, more preferably 80% or more, still more preferably 100% or more, and particularly preferably 120% or more.
- the tensile elongation at break can be measured by the measuring method in the examples described later.
- the alkali resistance can be measured by the elongation at break before and after immersion in alkali, and the tensile elongation at break after being immersed in a 4% NaOH aqueous solution for 10 days is preferably maintained at 60% or more with respect to the initial value. . More preferably, it is 65% or more, More preferably, it is 70% or more.
- the compressive strength of the porous hollow fiber membrane 10 is 0.2 MPa or more, preferably 0.3 to 1.0 MPa, and more preferably 0.4 to 1.0 MPa.
- the opening ratio (surface opening ratio) of the surface of the porous hollow fiber membrane 10 is 20 to 60%, preferably 25 to 50%, more preferably 25 to 45%.
- a membrane with an opening ratio of 20% or more on the surface in contact with the liquid to be treated for filtration both the water permeability degradation due to clogging and the water permeability degradation due to membrane surface abrasion are reduced, and the filtration stability is improved. be able to.
- the pore diameter on the outer surface is 1,000 nm or less, preferably 10 to 800 nm, more preferably 100 to 700 nm. If the pore diameter is 1,000 nm or less, the component to be blocked contained in the liquid to be treated can be blocked, and if it is 10 nm or more, sufficiently high water permeability can be secured.
- the thickness of the porous hollow fiber membrane 10 is preferably 80 to 1,000 ⁇ m, more preferably 100 to 300 ⁇ m. When the thickness is 80 ⁇ m or more, the strength is increased, and when the thickness is 1,000 ⁇ m or less, the pressure loss due to the film resistance is reduced.
- the porosity of the porous hollow fiber membrane 10 is preferably 50 to 80%, more preferably 55 to 65%. When the porosity is 50% or more, the water permeability is high, and when it is 80% or less, the mechanical strength can be increased.
- an annular single layer membrane can be mentioned, but a multilayer membrane having different pore diameters may be used for the separation layer and the support layer supporting the separation layer. Further, the outer surface and the inner surface may have an irregular cross-sectional structure such as having protrusions.
- the liquids to be treated by the porous hollow fiber membrane 10 are suspension water and process process liquids.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane 10 is suitably used in a water purification method including a step of filtering suspended water.
- Suspended water includes natural water, domestic wastewater, and treated water thereof.
- natural water include river water, lake water, groundwater, and seawater.
- Natural water treated water obtained by subjecting these natural waters to sedimentation treatment, sand filtration treatment, coagulation sedimentation sand filtration treatment, ozone treatment, activated carbon treatment and the like is also included in the suspension water to be treated.
- An example of domestic wastewater is sewage. Sewage primary treated water subjected to screen filtration and sedimentation treatment, sewage secondary treated water subjected to biological treatment, and further processing such as coagulation sedimentation sand filtration, activated carbon treatment, and ozone treatment 3
- the next treatment (advanced treatment) water is also included in the suspension water to be treated.
- These suspended waters include turbid substances (humus colloids, organic colloids, clays, bacteria, etc.) composed of fine organic substances, inorganic substances and organic-inorganic mixtures of the order of ⁇ m or less.
- the water quality of suspended water can be generally expressed by singularity or a combination of turbidity and organic substance concentration, which are typical water quality indicators.
- turbidity average turbidity, not instantaneous turbidity
- it is roughly divided into low turbid water with turbidity less than 1, turbid water with turbidity of 1 to less than 10, high turbidity with turbidity of 10 to less than 50, It can be classified into ultra-turbid water with turbidity of 50 or more.
- TOC total organic carbon
- Process liquid refers to liquid to be separated when separating valuables and non-valuables in foods, pharmaceuticals, and semiconductor manufacturing.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane 10 is used in food production when, for example, separating alcoholic beverages such as sake and wine from yeast.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane 10 is used for sterilization when purifying proteins.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane 10 is used for separation of abrasive and water from polishing wastewater.
- a method for producing a porous hollow fiber membrane includes: (a) a step of preparing a melt-kneaded product; and (b) supplying the melt-kneaded product to a multi-structure spinning nozzle and extruding the melt-kneaded product from the spinning nozzle. A step of obtaining a membrane, and (c) a step of extracting the plasticizer from the hollow fiber membrane.
- the method for producing the porous hollow fiber membrane 10 includes a step (d) of extracting the additive from the hollow fiber membrane after the step (c).
- the concentration of the thermoplastic resin in the melt-kneaded product is preferably 20 to 60% by mass, more preferably 25 to 45% by mass, and further preferably 30 to 45% by mass. When this value is 20% by mass or more, the mechanical strength can be increased. On the other hand, when the value is 60% by mass or less, the water permeability can be increased.
- the melt-kneaded product may contain an additive.
- the melt-kneaded product may be composed of two components of a thermoplastic resin and a solvent, or may be composed of three components of a thermoplastic resin, an additive, and a solvent.
- the solvent contains at least a non-solvent.
- the extractant used in the step (c) it is preferable to use a liquid which does not dissolve thermoplastic resins such as methylene chloride and various alcohols but has high affinity with the plasticizer.
- the manufacturing method when manufacturing the porous hollow fiber membrane 10 using the melt-kneaded material containing an additive, extracts (d) the additive from the hollow fiber membrane after the step (c). It is preferable to further include a step of obtaining the porous hollow fiber membrane 10. As the extractant in the step (d), it is preferable to use a liquid which can dissolve hot water or an additive such as acid or alkali but does not dissolve the thermoplastic resin.
- the inorganic substance is preferably inorganic fine powder.
- the primary particle size of the inorganic fine powder contained in the melt-kneaded product is preferably 50 nm or less, more preferably 5 nm or more and less than 30 nm.
- Specific examples of the inorganic fine powder include silica (including fine powder silica), titanium oxide, lithium chloride, calcium chloride, and organic clay. Among these, fine silica is preferable from the viewpoint of cost.
- the above-mentioned “primary particle size of inorganic fine powder” means a value obtained from analysis of an electron micrograph. That is, first, a group of inorganic fine powders is pretreated by the method of ASTM D3849. Thereafter, the diameter of 3000 to 5000 particles shown in the transmission electron micrograph is measured, and the primary particle diameter of the inorganic fine powder is calculated by arithmetically averaging these values.
- the inorganic fine powder in the porous hollow fiber membrane can determine the existing material by identifying the existing element by fluorescent X-rays or the like.
- hydrophilicity can be imparted to the hollow fiber membrane by using a hydrophilic polymer such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone or polyethylene glycol.
- a hydrophilic polymer such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone or polyethylene glycol.
- the viscosity of the melt-kneaded product can be controlled by using an additive having a high viscosity such as glycerin or ethylene glycol.
- a non-solvent of a thermoplastic resin is mixed with a good solvent or a poor solvent.
- a non-solvent is used for the raw material of the membrane, a porous hollow fiber membrane having a three-dimensional network structure is obtained.
- the mechanism of action is not necessarily clear, but it is considered that the use of a solvent with a lower solubility by mixing a non-solvent moderately inhibits the crystallization of the polymer and tends to form a three-dimensional network structure. .
- non-solvent and poor solvent or good solvent are sebacic acid ester, citrate ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester, It is selected from fatty acids having 6 to 30 carbon atoms and various esters such as epoxidized vegetable oil.
- esters and their boiling points are as follows.
- the boiling point of acetyl tributyl citrate is 343 ° C.
- dibutyl sebacate is 345 ° C.
- dibutyl adipate is 305 ° C.
- diisobutyl adipate is 293 ° C.
- bis-2-ethylhexyl adipate is 335 ° C.
- Diisononyl adipate is 250 ° C or higher
- diethyl adipate is 251 ° C
- triethyl citrate is 294 ° C
- triphenylphosphorous acid is 360 ° C.
- a solvent that can dissolve the thermoplastic resin at room temperature is a good solvent
- a solvent that cannot be dissolved at room temperature but can be dissolved at high temperature is a poor solvent for the thermoplastic resin
- a solvent that cannot be dissolved at high temperature Although called a non-solvent, in the present invention, the poor solvent and the non-solvent can be determined as follows.
- Solvent is sebacic acid ester, citric acid ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester, carbon number 6
- a liquid mixture (second liquid mixture) that is at least one selected from fatty acids of 30 or less and various esters such as epoxidized vegetable oil, and the ratio of the thermoplastic resin to the second solvent is 20:80
- the thermoplastic resin is uniformly dissolved in the solvent at a temperature of the second mixed liquid higher than 25 ° C. and lower than the boiling point of the solvent.
- the poor solvent (second solvent) is the same as that of the second mixed liquid, but when the temperature of the second mixed liquid is 25 ° C., the thermoplastic resin is not uniformly dissolved in the poor solvent. At any temperature higher than 100 ° C. and lower than the boiling point of the poor solvent, the thermoplastic resin is uniformly dissolved in the poor solvent.
- Non-solvent (first solvent) is sebacic acid ester, citric acid ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester, carbon number 6 or more and 30 or less fatty acid, and at least one selected from various esters such as epoxidized vegetable oil, and a mixture of the thermoplastic resin and the non-solvent (first solvent) in a ratio of 20:80 (first In this case, even if the temperature of the first mixed liquid is raised to the boiling point of the non-solvent (first solvent), the thermoplastic resin is not uniformly dissolved in the non-solvent (first solvent).
- thermoplastic resin and about 8 g of solvent are put into a test tube, and the test tube block heater is used in increments of about 10 ° C. Warm up to the boiling point of the solvent, mix in the test tube with a spatula, etc., and judge by the solubility in the above temperature range.
- good solvents or poor solvents are those that dissolve thermoplastic resins
- non-solvents are those that do not dissolve.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- tributyl acetyl citrate, dibutyl sebacate, or dibutyl adipate is used as the solvent
- PVDF does not dissolve uniformly in these solvents at 25 ° C.
- the temperature is increased, PVDF is uniformly mixed and dissolved in these solvents at any temperature higher than 100 ° C. and lower than the boiling point.
- PVDF does not dissolve in these solvents even if the temperature is raised to the boiling point.
- ETFE ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
- diethyl adipate diethyl adipate
- ETFE does not dissolve uniformly in these solvents at 25 ° C, and the temperature of the mixed solution increases. When this is done, ETFE is uniformly mixed and dissolved at any temperature higher than 100 ° C. and lower than the boiling point.
- bis-2-ethylhexyl adipate, diisononyl adipate or capric acid is used as the solvent, it does not dissolve.
- ECTFE ethylene-monochlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer
- triethyl citrate and bis-2-ethylhexyl adipate are used for the solvent
- ECTFE does not dissolve uniformly in these solvents at 25 ° C.
- ECTFE is uniformly dissolved in these solvents at any temperature higher than 100 ° C. and lower than the boiling point, and does not dissolve when triphenylphosphorous acid or oleic acid is used.
- PE polyethylene
- dibutyl sebacate dibutyl sebacate
- PE is not uniformly dissolved in these solvents at 25 ° C, and when the temperature of the mixed solution is increased, the temperature is higher than 100 ° C and lower than the boiling point. At any of these temperatures, PE is uniformly mixed and dissolved in these solvents.
- bis-2-ethylhexyl adipate or tributyl acetylcitrate is used as the solvent, it does not dissolve.
- the first production method of the present invention comprises: A method for producing a porous hollow fiber membrane comprising a thermoplastic resin and a solvent,
- the solvent includes at least a first solvent and a second solvent,
- the first solvent is sebacic acid ester, citric acid ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester, 6 to 30 carbon atoms
- the second solvent is sebacic acid ester, citrate ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester , At least one selected from
- the first solvent is preferably a non-solvent
- the second solvent is preferably a poor solvent. Whether it is a non-solvent or a poor solvent is determined by the aforementioned determination method.
- the second production method relates to a production method when polyvinylidene fluoride is used as the thermoplastic resin. That is, the second manufacturing method of the present invention is as follows. Dissolving polyvinylidene fluoride in a solvent containing at least a first solvent and a second solvent; Separating the solution containing the dissolved polyvinylidene fluoride, The first solvent is sebacic acid ester, citric acid ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester, 6 to 30 carbon atoms
- the temperature of the first mixed solution is 1 is a non-solvent that does not dissolve polyvinylidene fluoride uniformly in the first solvent even if the boiling point
- the second solvent is sebacic acid ester, citrate ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid
- a second liquid mixture of at least one selected from an ester, a fatty acid having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and an epoxidized vegetable oil wherein the ratio of polyvinylidene fluoride to the second solvent is 20:80
- 2 is a solvent in which polyvinylidene fluoride is uniformly dissolved in the second solvent at a temperature higher than 25 ° C. and lower than the boiling point of the second solvent.
- the second solvent is the second mixed solution, and when the temperature of the second mixed solution is 25 ° C., the polyvinylidene fluoride is not uniformly dissolved in the first solvent.
- the poor solvent in which the polyvinylidene fluoride is uniformly dissolved in the second solvent at any temperature higher than 100 ° C. and lower than the boiling point of the second solvent may be used.
- the step of phase separation is preferably liquid-liquid phase separation.
- the liquid-liquid phase separation may be a thermally induced phase separation.
- the third production method of the present invention uses a solution containing at least a non-solvent in the step (a) of preparing the melt-kneaded product in the method for producing a porous hollow fiber membrane. That is, the third manufacturing method of the present invention is: Dissolving a thermoplastic resin in a solvent containing a first solvent; Separating the solution containing the dissolved thermoplastic resin, and In the first mixed liquid in which the ratio of the thermoplastic resin to the first solvent is 20:80, the first solvent is thermoplastic even if the temperature of the first mixed liquid is increased to the boiling point of the first solvent. It is preferable that the resin is a non-solvent that does not uniformly dissolve in the first solvent.
- the same ester as the second solvent in the second production method can be used.
- the solvent may further contain a solvent or a poor solvent (second solvent), and the same ester as the second solvent in the second production method can be used.
- second solvent a solvent or a poor solvent
- the fourth manufacturing method of this invention is Selecting a first solvent for thermally induced phase separation of the thermoplastic resin; Dissolving a thermoplastic resin in a solvent containing the selected first solvent; Separating the solution containing the dissolved thermoplastic resin, and The step of selecting the first solvent is performed based on a first criterion for determining the first solvent, where the ratio of the thermoplastic resin to the first solvent is 20:80. In the first mixed solution, even if the temperature of the first mixed solution is raised to the boiling point of the first solvent, the thermoplastic resin is not uniformly dissolved in the first solvent.
- thermoplastic resin for thermally induced phase separation of the thermoplastic resin
- the step of selecting the second solvent is performed based on the second criterion;
- the second criterion is that in the second mixed liquid in which the ratio of the thermoplastic resin to the second solvent is 20:80, the temperature of the second mixed liquid is higher than 25 ° C. and lower than the boiling point of the second solvent. It is preferable that the thermoplastic resin is uniformly dissolved in the second solvent at any temperature.
- the second standard is that in the second mixed liquid, when the temperature of the second mixed liquid is 25 ° C., the thermoplastic resin is not uniformly dissolved in the second solvent, and the temperature of the second mixed liquid is 100 ° C. It is preferable that the thermoplastic resin is uniformly dissolved in the second solvent at any temperature higher than the boiling point of the second solvent.
- the first solvent is sebacic acid ester, citric acid ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester, 6 to 30 carbon atoms And at least one selected from epoxidized vegetable oils.
- the second solvent is sebacic acid ester, citrate ester, acetyl citrate ester, adipic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, oleic acid ester, palmitic acid ester, stearic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester , At least one selected from fatty acids having 6 to 30 carbon atoms and epoxidized vegetable oil.
- the filtration method of this invention filters the said process target liquid using the porous hollow fiber membrane of this invention. Filtration can be performed with high efficiency by using the porous hollow fiber membrane of the present invention.
- the hole diameter was determined by adding the hole area of each hole in order from the smallest hole diameter to each hole existing on the surface, and the sum of the holes reached 50% of the total hole area of each hole. .
- the film structure was determined by observing the film surface and the state of the cross section taken at a magnification of 5000, and determining that the polymer trunk had no three-dimensional network structure without a spherulite as a three-dimensional network structure.
- the effective membrane length refers to the net membrane length excluding the portion where the injection needle is inserted.
- the river surface water (Fuji River surface water: turbidity 2.2, TOC concentration 0.8 ppm), which is natural suspended water, is filtered for 10 minutes at the same filtration pressure as when the initial pure water permeability was measured.
- the permeated water was collected for 2 minutes from the 8th to the 10th minutes of filtration, and was used as the water permeation amount during filtration of the suspension water.
- the water permeability retention rate during suspension water filtration was defined by the following formula. All operations were performed at 25 ° C. and a film surface linear velocity of 0.5 m / sec.
- Permeability retention rate during suspension water filtration [%] 100 ⁇ (water permeability during suspension water filtration [g]) / (initial pure water permeability [g])
- Filtration pressure ⁇ (input pressure) + (output pressure) ⁇ / 2
- Surface area outside the membrane [m 2 ] ⁇ ⁇ (thread outer diameter [m]) ⁇ (membrane effective length [m])
- Membrane surface linear velocity [m / s] 4 ⁇ (circulated water amount [m 3 / s]) / ⁇ ⁇ (tube diameter [m]) 2 ⁇ ⁇ (membrane outer diameter [m]) 2 ⁇
- the filtration pressure of the suspended water is not the same for each membrane, but the initial pure water permeability (also the permeability at the start of suspension filtration) is 10 m 3 per day per 1 m 2 of membrane surface area. Set.
- the membrane is usually used in quantitative filtration operation (a method in which the filtration pressure is adjusted so that a constant amount of filtered water is obtained within a certain period of time). Therefore, in this measurement, the deterioration of water permeability performance can be compared under conditions as close as possible to the conditions of quantitative filtration operation within the range of measurement using one hollow fiber membrane.
- Example 1 The melt-kneaded product was extruded using a spinning nozzle having a double-pipe structure to obtain a porous hollow fiber membrane of Example 1.
- PVDF resin Kureha Co., Ltd., KF-W # 1000
- fine powder silica primary particle size: 16 nm
- DOA bis-2-ethylhexyl adipate
- a melt kneaded mixture was prepared using 9.9% by mass and 4.1% by mass of tributyl acetylcitrate (ATBC, boiling point 343 ° C.).
- the temperature of the melt-kneaded product is about 200 ° C to 250 ° C.
- the extruded hollow fiber-shaped molded article passed through a free running distance of 120 mm, and then solidified in water at 30 ° C. to produce a porous hollow fiber membrane by a thermally induced phase separation method. It was taken up at a speed of 5 m / min and wound up in a skein.
- the obtained two-layer hollow fiber extrudate was immersed in isopropyl alcohol to extract and remove bis-2-ethylhexyl adipate and tributyl acetylcitrate. Subsequently, the hollow fiber membrane was replaced with water by immersing in water for 30 minutes. Subsequently, it was immersed in a 20 mass% NaOH aqueous solution at 70 ° C. for 1 hour, and further washed with water to extract and remove fine powder silica.
- Table 1 shows the blending composition, production conditions, and various performances of the obtained porous hollow fiber membrane of Example 1.
- the film structure was a three-dimensional network structure as shown in FIG.
- Example 2 Except that the melt-kneaded material was prepared using 4.1% by mass of dibutyl sebacate (DBS, boiling point 345 ° C.) instead of 4.1% by mass of tributyl acetyl citrate (ATBC, boiling point 343 ° C.) as a solvent. As in Example 1, a porous hollow fiber membrane was produced.
- DBS dibutyl sebacate
- ATBC tributyl acetyl citrate
- Table 1 shows the composition, production conditions, and various performances of the porous hollow fiber membrane of Example 2 obtained.
- the film structure was a three-dimensional network structure as shown in FIG.
- Example 3 A melt kneaded material was prepared except that 32.9% by mass of diisononyl adipate (DINA, boiling point of 250 ° C. or higher) was used in place of 32.9% by mass of bis-2-ethylhexyl adipate (DOA, boiling point: 335 ° C.) as a solvent.
- DINA diisononyl adipate
- DOA bis-2-ethylhexyl adipate
- Table 1 shows the composition, production conditions, and various performances of the porous hollow fiber membrane of Example 3 obtained.
- the film structure was a three-dimensional network structure as shown in FIG.
- Example 4 ETFE resin (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd., TL-081) 40% by mass as a thermoplastic resin, fine silica (primary particle size: 16 nm) 23% by mass, bis-2-ethylhexyl adipate (DOA, boiling point 335 ° C.) 32.9 as a solvent
- a porous hollow fiber membrane was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a melt-kneaded material was prepared using 4% by mass and 4.1% by mass of diisobutyl adipate (DIBA, boiling point 293 ° C.).
- DIBA diisobutyl adipate
- Table 1 shows the blending composition, production conditions, and various performances of the obtained porous hollow fiber membrane of Example 4.
- the film structure was a three-dimensional network structure as shown in FIG.
- ECTFE resin manufactured by Solvay Specialty Polymers, Halar 901 40% by mass as a thermoplastic resin, 23% by mass of finely divided silica (primary particle size: 16 nm), triphenyl phosphorous acid (TPP, boiling point 360 ° C.) 32.9% by mass %
- TPP triphenyl phosphorous acid
- DOA bis-2-ethylhexyl adipate
- Table 1 shows the composition, production conditions, and various performances of the porous hollow fiber membrane of Example 5 obtained.
- the film structure was a three-dimensional network structure as shown in FIG.
- Example 6 As thermoplastic, ETFE resin (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd., TL-081) 40% by mass, bis-2-ethylhexyl adipate (DOA, boiling point 335 ° C.) 30% by mass and diisobutyl adipate (DIBA, boiling point 293 ° C.) 30% by mass A porous hollow fiber membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a melt-kneaded product was prepared except for finely divided silica.
- DOA bis-2-ethylhexyl adipate
- DIBA diisobutyl adipate
- the extruded hollow fiber-shaped molded article passed through a free running distance of 120 mm, and then solidified in water at 30 ° C. to produce a porous hollow fiber membrane by a thermally induced phase separation method. It was taken up at a speed of 5 m / min and wound up in a skein. The obtained two-layer hollow fiber extrudate was immersed in isopropyl alcohol to extract and remove the solvent.
- Table 1 shows the composition, production conditions, and various performances of the porous hollow fiber membrane of Example 6 obtained.
- the film structure was a three-dimensional network structure as shown in FIG.
- Comparative Example 1 A hollow fiber membrane of Comparative Example 1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the solvent was only ATBC.
- Table 1 the compounding composition of the porous hollow fiber membrane of the obtained comparative example 1, manufacturing conditions, and various performance are shown.
- the film structure showed a spherulite structure as shown in FIG.
- Comparative Example 2 A porous hollow fiber membrane of Comparative Example 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the solvent was only DIBA and fine silica was removed. Table 1 shows the composition, production conditions, and various performances of the porous hollow fiber membrane of Comparative Example 2 obtained. The film structure showed a spherulite structure as shown in FIG.
- Comparative Example 3 A hollow fiber membrane of Comparative Example 3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the solvent was only DOA.
- Table 1 shows the composition, production conditions, and various performances of the porous hollow fiber membrane of Comparative Example 2 obtained.
- the film structure showed a spherulite structure as shown in FIG.
- the porous hollow fiber membrane is formed containing a non-solvent, a porous hollow fiber membrane having good openness, high chemical resistance and mechanical strength is provided.
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Abstract
Description
(a)室温で溶解できる適当な溶剤のないポリエチレン等のポリマーでも製膜が可能になる。
(b)高温で溶解したのち冷却固化させて製膜するので、特に熱可塑性樹脂が結晶性樹脂である場合、製膜時に結晶化が促進され高強度膜が得られやすい。
従来、クエン酸エステルの中から選択される熱可塑性樹脂の貧溶剤を用いて製膜する技術が開示されている(特許文献1参照)。
本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、3次元網目構造を有し、耐薬品性、および機械的強度に優れた多孔性中空糸膜、その製造方法、および多孔性中空糸膜を使用したろ過方法を提供する。
本発明の一の多孔性中空糸膜は(以下、便宜的に第1の多孔性中空糸膜という)、
熱可塑性樹脂を含む多孔性中空糸膜であって、
多孔性中空糸膜が少なくとも第1の溶剤および第2の溶剤を含み、
第1の溶剤が、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種であり、
第2の溶剤が、第1の溶剤と異なり、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種であり、
多孔性中空糸膜が3次元網目構造を有する多孔性中空糸膜である。
ポリフッ化ビニリデンを含む多孔性中空糸膜であって、
多孔性中空糸膜が第1の溶剤を含み、
第1の溶剤が、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種であって、ポリフッ化ビニリデンと第1の溶剤との比率が20:80の第1の混合液において、第1の混合液の温度を第1の溶剤の沸点まで上げても、ポリフッ化ビニリデンが第1の溶剤に均一に溶解しない非溶剤である。
第2の溶剤は、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種であって、ポリフッ化ビニリデンと第2の溶剤との比率が20:80の第2の混合液において、第2の混合液の温度が25℃より高く第2の溶剤の沸点以下のいずれかの温度でポリフッ化ビニリデンが第2の溶剤に均一に溶解する溶剤であることが好ましい。
熱可塑性樹脂および溶剤を用いた多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法であって、
溶剤として、少なくとも第1の溶剤および第2の溶剤を含み、
第1の溶剤は、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種であり、
第2の溶剤は、第1の溶剤と異なり、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種である。
ポリフッ化ビニリデンを含む多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法であって、
ポリフッ化ビニリデンを、少なくとも第1の溶剤と第2の溶剤とを含む溶媒に溶解する工程と、
溶解したポリフッ化ビニリデンを含む溶液を相分離する工程と、を有し、
第1の溶剤が、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種であって、ポリフッ化ビニリデンと第1の溶剤との比率が20:80の第1の混合液において、第1の混合液の温度を第1の溶剤の沸点まで上げても、ポリフッ化ビニリデンが第1の溶剤に均一に溶解しない非溶剤であり、
第2の溶剤が、第1の溶剤とは異なり、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種であって、ポリフッ化ビニリデンと第2の溶剤との比率が20:80の第2の混合液において、第2の混合液の温度が25℃より高く第2の溶剤の沸点以下のいずれかの温度でポリフッ化ビニリデンが第2の溶剤に均一に溶解する溶剤である。
ここで、液-液相分離とは、熱可塑性樹脂が濃度の異なる2つの液相に分離する現象をいう。
熱可塑性樹脂を含む多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法であって、
熱可塑性樹脂を、第1の溶剤を含む溶媒に溶解する工程と、
溶解した熱可塑性樹脂を含む溶液を相分離する工程と、を有し、
第1の溶剤が、熱可塑性樹脂と第1の溶剤との比率が20:80の第1の混合液において、第1の混合液の温度を第1の溶剤の沸点まで上げても、熱可塑性樹脂が第1の溶剤に均一に溶解しない非溶剤であることが好ましい。
第2の溶剤は、熱可塑性樹脂と第2の溶剤との比率が20:80の第2の混合液において、第2の混合液の温度が25℃より高く第2の溶剤の沸点以下のいずれかの温度で熱可塑性樹脂が第2の溶剤に均一に溶解する溶剤であることが好ましい。
熱可塑性樹脂を含む多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法であって、
熱可塑性樹脂を熱誘起相分離するための第1の溶剤を選択する工程と、
選択した第1の溶剤を含む溶媒に、熱可塑性樹脂を溶解する工程と、
溶解した熱可塑性樹脂を含む溶液を相分離する工程と、を有し、
第1の溶剤を選択する工程が、第1の溶剤を決定するための第1の基準に基づいて行われ、第1の基準が、熱可塑性樹脂と第1の溶剤との比率が20:80の第1の混合液において、第1の混合液の温度を第1の溶剤の沸点まで上げても、熱可塑性樹脂が第1の溶剤に均一に溶解しないことである。
第2の溶剤を選択する工程が、第2の基準に基づいて行われ、
第2の基準が、熱可塑性樹脂と第2の溶剤との比率が20:80の第2の混合液において、第2の混合液の温度が25℃より高く第2の溶剤の沸点以下のいずれかの温度で熱可塑性樹脂が第2の溶剤に均一に溶解することであることが好ましい。
上記本発明の第1の多孔性中空糸膜および第2の多孔性中空糸膜の両方をまとめて、以下、一実施形態として説明する。
図1は一実施形態に係る多孔性中空糸膜の外表面を模式的に示したものである。図1に示す多孔性中空糸膜10の外表面は、球晶構造ではなく、3次元網目構造である。3次元網目構造を取ることにより、引張破断伸度が高くなり、また膜の洗浄剤として多用されるアルカリ(水酸化ナトリウム水溶液など)等に対する耐性が強くなる。
すなわち、熱可塑性樹脂を含む多孔性中空糸膜であって、
多孔性中空糸膜は少なくとも第1の溶剤および第2の溶剤を含み、
第1の溶剤は、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種であり、
第2の溶剤は、第1の溶剤と異なり、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種であり、
多孔性中空糸膜は、3次元網目構造を有するものである。
ここで、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸としては、カプリン酸、ラウリン酸、オレイン酸等が挙げられる。
また、エポキシ化植物油としては、エポキシ大豆油、エポキシ化亜麻仁油等が挙げられる。
本発明の第2の多孔性中空糸膜は、熱可塑性樹脂としてポリフッ化ビニリデンを用いたものであり、少なくとも第1の溶剤(非溶剤)を含むものである。
すなわち、第2の多孔性中空糸膜は、
ポリフッ化ビニリデンを含む多孔性中空糸膜であって、
多孔性中空糸膜が第1の溶剤を含み、
第1の溶剤が、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種であって、ポリフッ化ビニリデンと第1の溶剤との比率が20:80の第1の混合液において、第1の混合液の温度を第1の溶剤の沸点まで上げても、ポリフッ化ビニリデンが第1の溶剤に均一に溶解しない非溶剤である。
第2の溶剤は、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種であって、ポリフッ化ビニリデンと第2の溶剤との比率が20:80の第2の混合液において、第2の混合液の温度が25℃より高く第2の溶剤の沸点以下のいずれかの温度でポリフッ化ビニリデンが第2の溶剤に均一に溶解する溶剤であることが好ましい。
引張破断伸度の初期値は60%以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは80%以上、さらに好ましくは100%以上、とくに好ましくは120%以上である。引張破断伸度は後述の実施例における測定方法により測定することができる。
多孔性中空糸膜10による処理対象液は懸濁水と工程プロセス液である。多孔性中空糸膜10は、懸濁水をろ過する工程を備える浄水方法に好適に使用される。
次に、多孔性中空糸膜10の製造方法について説明する。多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法は、(a)溶融混練物を準備する工程と、(b)溶融混練物を多重構造の紡糸ノズルに供給し、紡糸ノズルから溶融混練物を押し出すことによって中空糸膜を得る工程と、(c)可塑剤を中空糸膜から抽出する工程とを備える。溶融混練物が添加剤を含む場合には、多孔性中空糸膜10の製造方法は、工程(c)の後に、(d)添加剤を中空糸膜から抽出する工程を備える。
本発明の多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法では熱可塑性樹脂の非溶剤を良溶剤あるいは貧溶剤に混合させる。このように膜の原材料に非溶剤を用いると、3次元網目構造を持つ多孔性中空糸膜が得られる。その作用機序は必ずしも明らかではないが、非溶剤を混合させて、より溶解性を低くした溶剤を用いた方がポリマーの結晶化が適度に阻害され、3次元網目構造になりやすいと考えられる。例えば、非溶剤および貧溶剤あるいは良溶剤は、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油等の各種エステル等から選ばれる。
本発明の第1の製造方法は、
熱可塑性樹脂および溶剤を含む多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法であって、
溶剤として、少なくとも第1の溶剤および第2の溶剤を含み、
第1の溶剤は、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種であり、
第2の溶剤は、第1の溶剤と異なり、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種である。
第2の製造方法は、熱可塑性樹脂にポリフッ化ビニリデンを用いた場合の製造方法に関するものである。
すなわち、本発明の第2の製造方法は、
ポリフッ化ビニリデンを、少なくとも第1の溶剤と第2の溶剤とを含む溶媒に溶解する工程と、
溶解したポリフッ化ビニリデンを含む溶液を相分離する工程と、を有し、
第1の溶剤が、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種であって、ポリフッ化ビニリデンと第1の溶剤との比率が20:80の第1の混合液において、第1の混合液の温度を第1の溶剤の沸点まで上げても、ポリフッ化ビニリデンが第1の溶剤に均一に溶解しない非溶剤であり、
第2の溶剤が、第1の溶剤とは異なり、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種であって、ポリフッ化ビニリデンと第2の溶剤との比率が20:80の第2の混合液において、第2の混合液の温度が25℃より高く第2の溶剤の沸点以下のいずれかの温度でポリフッ化ビニリデンが第2の溶剤に均一に溶解する溶剤である。
すなわち、本発明の第3の製造方法は、
熱可塑性樹脂を、第1の溶剤を含む溶媒に溶解する工程と、
溶解した熱可塑性樹脂を含む溶液を相分離する工程と、を有し、
第1の溶剤が、熱可塑性樹脂と第1の溶剤との比率が20:80の第1の混合液において、第1の混合液の温度を第1の溶剤の沸点まで上げても、熱可塑性樹脂が第1の溶剤に均一に溶解しない非溶剤であることが好ましい。
第4の製造方法は、多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法における上記(a)溶融混練物を準備する工程において、第1の基準に従って非溶剤を選択し、第2の基準に従って溶剤または貧溶剤を選択する方法に関するものである。
すなわち、本発明の第4の製造方法は、
熱可塑性樹脂を熱誘起相分離するための第1の溶剤を選択する工程と、
選択した第1の溶剤を含む溶媒に、熱可塑性樹脂を溶解する工程と、
溶解した熱可塑性樹脂を含む溶液を相分離する工程と、を有し、
第1の溶剤を選択する工程が、第1の溶剤を決定するための第1の基準に基づいて行われ、第1の基準が、熱可塑性樹脂と第1の溶剤との比率が20:80の第1の混合液において、第1の混合液の温度を第1の溶剤の沸点まで上げても、熱可塑性樹脂が第1の溶剤に均一に溶解しないことである。
第2の溶剤を選択する工程が、第2の基準に基づいて行われ、
第2の基準が、熱可塑性樹脂と第2の溶剤との比率が20:80の第2の混合液において、第2の混合液の温度が25℃より高く記第2の溶剤の沸点以下のいずれかの温度で熱可塑性樹脂が第2の溶剤に均一に溶解することであることが好ましい。
本発明のろ過方法は、本発明の多孔性中空糸膜を用いて、上記処理対象液のろ過を行うものである。本発明の多孔性中空糸膜を用いることによって、高効率にろ過を行うことができる。
中空糸膜をカミソリで薄くスライスし、100倍拡大鏡にて、外径と内径を測定した。一つのサンプルについて、30mm間隔で60箇所の測定を行った。この時に標準偏差と平均値を算出し、(標準偏差)/(平均値)を変動係数とした。
HITACHI製電子顕微鏡SU8000シリーズを使用し、加速電圧3kVで膜の表面及び断面の電子顕微鏡(SEM)画像を5000倍で撮影した。断面の電子顕微鏡サンプルは、エタノール中で凍結した膜サンプルを輪切りに割断して得た。次に画像解析ソフトWinroof6.1.3を使って、SEM画像の「ノイズ除去」を数値「6」によって行い、更に単一しきい値による二値化により、「しきい値:105」によって二値化を行った。こうして得た二値化画像における孔の占有面積を求めることにより、膜表面の開口率を求めた。
エタノール浸漬した後、数回純水浸漬を繰り返した約10cm長の湿潤中空糸膜の一端を封止し、他端の中空部内に注射針を挿入し、25℃の環境下にて注射針から0.1MPaの圧力で25℃の純水を中空部内に注入し、外表面から透過してくる純水量を測定し、下記式により純水フラックスを決定し、透水性を評価した。
純水フラックス[L/m2/h]=60×(透過水量[L])/{π×(膜外径[m])×(膜有効長[m])×(測定時間[min])}
引張り破断時の荷重と変位を以下の条件で測定した。
JIS K7161の方法に従い、サンプルには中空糸膜をそのまま用いた。
測定機器:インストロン型引張試験機(島津製作所製AGS-5D)
チャック間距離:5cm
引張り速度:20cm/分
得られた結果から引張破断伸度は、JIS K7161に従って算出した。
目詰まり(ファウリング)による透水性能劣化の程度を判断するための1指標である。エタノール浸漬した後、数回純水浸漬を繰り返した湿潤中空糸膜を、膜有効長11cmにて外圧方式によりろ過を行った。まず初めに純水を、膜外表面積1m2当たり1日当たり10m3透過するろ過圧力にてろ過を行って透過水を2分間採取し、初期純水透水量とした。次いで、天然の懸濁水である河川表流水(富士川表流水:濁度2.2、TOC濃度0.8ppm)を、初期純水透水量を測定したときと同じろ過圧力にて10分間ろ過を行い、ろ過8分目から10分目までの2分間透過水を採取し、懸濁水ろ過時透水量とした。懸濁水ろ過時の透水性能保持率を、下記式で定義した。操作は全て25℃、膜面線速0.5m/秒で行った。
懸濁水ろ過時の透水性能保持率[%]=100×(懸濁水ろ過時透水量[g])/(初期純水透水量[g])
なお、式中の各パラメーターは下記式で算出される。
ろ過圧力={(入圧)+(出圧)}/2
膜外表面積[m2]=π×(糸外径[m])×(膜有効長[m])
膜面線速[m/s]=4×(循環水量[m3/s])/{π×(チューブ径[m])2-π×(膜外径[m])2}
湿潤した多孔性中空糸膜を10cmにカットし、20本を500mlの4%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に浸漬させ、10日間40℃に保持した。水酸化ナトリウムに浸漬前後の膜の引張破断伸度をn20で測定し、その平均値を算出した。伸度保持率を100×(浸漬後の伸度)/(浸漬前の伸度)で定義し、耐薬品性を評価した。
溶融混練物を2重管構造の紡糸ノズルを用いて押し出し、実施例1の多孔性中空糸膜を得た。
熱可塑性樹脂としてPVDF樹脂(クレハ社製、KF-W#1000)40質量%、微粉シリカ(一次粒径:16nm)23質量%、溶剤としてアジピン酸ビス2-エチルヘキシル(DOA,沸点335℃)32.9質量%、およびアセチルクエン酸トリブチル(ATBC,沸点343℃)4.1質量%を用いて溶融混練物を調製した。溶融混練物の温度は、200℃~250程度である。
溶剤としてアセチルクエン酸トリブチル(ATBC,沸点343℃)4.1質量%の代わりにセバシン酸ジブチル(DBS,沸点345℃)4.1質量%を用いて溶融混練物を調製した以外は、実施例1と同様に多孔性中空糸膜を作製した。
溶剤としてアジピン酸ビス2-エチルヘキシル(DOA,沸点335℃)32.9質量%の代わりにアジピン酸ジイソノニル(DINA,沸点250℃以上)32.9質量%を用いて溶融混練物を調製した以外は、実施例1と同様に多孔性中空糸膜を作製した。
熱可塑性樹脂としてETFE樹脂(旭硝子社製、TL-081)40質量%、微粉シリカ(一次粒径:16nm)23質量%、溶剤としてアジピン酸ビス2-エチルヘキシル(DOA,沸点335℃)32.9質量%およびアジピン酸ジイソブチル(DIBA,沸点293℃)4.1質量%を用いて溶融混練物を調製した以外は、実施例1と同様に多孔性中空糸膜を作製した。
熱可塑性樹脂としてECTFE樹脂(ソルベイスペシャルティポリマーズ社製、Halar901)40質量%、微粉シリカ(一次粒径:16nm)23質量%、溶剤としてトリフェニル亜リン酸(TPP,沸点360℃)32.9質量%、およびアジピン酸ビス2-エチルヘキシル(DOA,沸点335℃)4.1質量%を用いて溶融混練物を調製した以外は、実施例1と同様に多孔性中空糸膜を作製した。
熱可塑性としてETFE樹脂(旭硝子社製、TL-081)40質量%、溶剤としてアジピン酸ビス2-エチルヘキシル(DOA,沸点335℃)30質量%およびアジピン酸ジイソブチル(DIBA,沸点293℃)30質量%を用い、微粉シリカを除いて溶融混練物を調製した以外は、実施例1と同様に多孔性中空糸膜を作製した。
溶剤をATBCのみとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして比較例1の中空糸膜を得た。表1に、得られた比較例1の多孔性中空糸膜の配合組成及び製造条件並びに各種性能を示す。膜構造は、図2に示すような球晶構造を示した。
溶剤をDIBAのみとし、微粉シリカを除いた以外は、実施例6と同様にして比較例2の多孔性中空糸膜を得た。表1に、得られた比較例2の多孔性中空糸膜の配合組成及び製造条件並びに各種性能を示す。膜構造は、図2に示すような球晶構造を示した。
溶剤をDOAのみとした以外は、実施例5と同様にして比較例3の中空糸膜を得た。表1に、得られた比較例2の多孔性中空糸膜の配合組成及び製造条件並びに各種性能を示す。膜構造は、図2に示すような球晶構造を示した。
一方、非溶剤を含まない比較例1~3は、細孔構造が球晶構造であり、開孔性、耐薬品性、および機械的強度に劣ることがわかる。
Claims (31)
- 熱可塑性樹脂を含む多孔性中空糸膜であって、
該多孔性中空糸膜が少なくとも第1の溶剤および第2の溶剤を含み、
前記第1の溶剤が、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種であり、
前記第2の溶剤が、前記第1の溶剤と異なり、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種であり、
前記多孔性中空糸膜が3次元網目構造を有する多孔性中空糸膜。 - 前記多孔性中空糸膜は、引張破断伸度が60%以上である請求項1記載の多孔性中空糸膜。
- 前記多孔性中空糸膜は、4%NaOH水溶液に10日間浸漬させた後の引張破断伸度が初期値に対して60%以上である請求項1記載の多孔性中空糸膜。
- 前記第1の溶剤が、前記熱可塑性樹脂と前記第1の溶剤との比率が20:80の第1の混合液において、該第1の混合液の温度を前記第1の溶剤の沸点まで上げても、前記熱可塑性樹脂が前記第1の溶剤に均一に溶解しない非溶剤である請求項1から3いずれか1項記載の多孔性中空糸膜。
- 前記第2の溶剤が、前記熱可塑性樹脂と前記第2の溶剤との比率が20:80の第2の混合液において、該第2の混合液の温度が25℃より高く前記第2の溶剤の沸点以下のいずれかの温度で前記熱可塑性樹脂が前記第2の溶剤に均一に溶解する溶剤である請求項1から4いずれか1項記載の多孔性中空糸膜。
- 前記第2の溶剤が、前記熱可塑性樹脂と前記第2の溶剤との比率が20:80の第2の混合液において、該第2の混合液の温度が25℃では前記熱可塑性樹脂が前記第2の溶剤に均一に溶解せず、前記第2の混合液の温度が100℃より高く前記第2の溶剤の沸点以下のいずれかの温度では前記熱可塑性樹脂が前記第2の溶剤に均一に溶解する貧溶剤である請求項5記載の多孔性中空糸膜。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリフッ化ビニリデンである請求項1から6いずれか1項記載の多孔性中空糸膜。
- ポリフッ化ビニリデンを含む多孔性中空糸膜であって、
該多孔性中空糸膜が第1の溶剤を含み、
該第1の溶剤が、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種であって、前記ポリフッ化ビニリデンと前記第1の溶剤との比率が20:80の第1の混合液において、該第1の混合液の温度を前記第1の溶剤の沸点まで上げても、前記ポリフッ化ビニリデンが前記第1の溶剤に均一に溶解しない非溶剤である多孔性中空糸膜。 - 前記多孔性中空糸膜が、前記第1の溶剤とは異なる第2の溶剤を含み、
該第2の溶剤が、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種であって、前記ポリフッ化ビニリデンと前記第2の溶剤との比率が20:80の第2の混合液において、該第2の混合液の温度が25℃より高く前記第2の溶剤の沸点以下のいずれかの温度で前記ポリフッ化ビニリデンが前記第2の溶剤に均一に溶解する溶剤である請求項8記載の多孔性中空糸膜。 - 前記第2の溶剤が、前記第2の混合液の温度が25℃では前記ポリフッ化ビニリデンが前記第2の溶剤に均一に溶解せず、前記第2の混合液の温度が100℃より高く前記第2の溶剤の沸点以下のいずれかの温度では前記ポリフッ化ビニリデンが前記第2の溶剤に均一に溶解する貧溶剤である請求項9記載の多孔性中空糸膜。
- 前記多孔性中空糸膜が、さらに無機物を含む請求項1から10いずれか1項記載の多孔性中空糸膜。
- 前記無機物が、シリカ、塩化リチウム、および酸化チタンから選ばれる少なくとも1つである請求項11記載の多孔性中空糸膜。
- 熱可塑性樹脂および溶剤を用いた多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法であって、前記溶剤として、少なくとも第1の溶剤および第2の溶剤を含み、
前記第1の溶剤が、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種であり、
前記第2の溶剤が、前記第1の溶剤と異なり、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種である多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法。 - 前記第1の溶剤が、前記熱可塑性樹脂と前記第1の溶剤との比率が20:80の第1の混合液において、該第1の混合液の温度を前記第1の溶剤の沸点まで上げても、前記熱可塑性樹脂が前記第1の溶剤に均一に溶解しない非溶剤である請求項13記載の多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法。
- 前記第2の溶剤が、前記熱可塑性樹脂と前記第2の溶剤との比率が20:80の第2の混合液において、該第2の混合液の温度が25℃では前記熱可塑性樹脂が前記第2の溶剤に均一に溶解せず、前記第2の混合液の温度が100℃より高く前記第2の溶剤の沸点以下のいずれかの温度では前記熱可塑性樹脂が前記第2の溶剤に均一に溶解する貧溶剤である請求項13または14記載の多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法。
- ポリフッ化ビニリデンを含む多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法であって、
ポリフッ化ビニリデンを、少なくとも第1の溶剤と第2の溶剤とを含む溶媒に溶解する工程と、
溶解したポリフッ化ビニリデンを含む溶液を相分離する工程と、を有し、
前記第1の溶剤が、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種であって、前記ポリフッ化ビニリデンと前記第1の溶剤との比率が20:80の第1の混合液において、該第1の混合液の温度を前記第1の溶剤の沸点まで上げても、前記ポリフッ化ビニリデンが前記第1の溶剤に均一に溶解しない非溶剤であり、
前記第2の溶剤が、前記第1の溶剤とは異なり、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種であって、前記ポリフッ化ビニリデンと前記第2の溶剤との比率が20:80の第2の混合液において、該第2の混合液の温度が25℃より高く前記第2の溶剤の沸点以下のいずれかの温度で前記ポリフッ化ビニリデンが前記第2の溶剤に均一に溶解する溶剤である多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法。 - 前記第2の溶剤が、前記ポリフッ化ビニリデンと前記第2の溶剤との比率が20:80の第2の混合液において、該第2の混合液の温度が25℃では前記ポリフッ化ビニリデンが前記第2の溶剤に均一に溶解せず、前記第2の混合液の温度が100℃より高く前記第2の溶剤の沸点以下のいずれかの温度では前記ポリフッ化ビニリデンが前記第2の溶剤に均一に溶解する貧溶剤である請求項16記載の多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法。
- 前記相分離する工程が、液-液相分離である請求項16または17記載の多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法。
- 熱可塑性樹脂を含む多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法であって、
前記熱可塑性樹脂を、第1の溶剤を含む溶媒に溶解する工程と、
溶解した前記熱可塑性樹脂を含む溶液を相分離する工程と、を有し、
前記第1の溶剤が、前記熱可塑性樹脂と前記第1の溶剤との比率が20:80の第1の混合液において、該第1の混合液の温度を前記第1の溶剤の沸点まで上げても、前記熱可塑性樹脂が前記第1の溶剤に均一に溶解しない非溶剤である多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法。 - 前記非溶剤が、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種である請求項19記載の多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法。
- 前記溶媒が、さらに第2の溶剤を含み、
該第2の溶剤が、前記熱可塑性樹脂と前記第2の溶剤との比率が20:80の第2の混合液において、該第2の混合液の温度が25℃より高く前記第2の溶剤の沸点以下のいずれかの温度で前記熱可塑性樹脂が前記第2の溶剤に均一に溶解する溶剤である請求項17または20記載の多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法。 - 前記第2の溶剤が、前記熱可塑性樹脂と前記第2の溶剤との比率が20:80の第2の混合液において、該第2の混合液の温度が25℃では前記熱可塑性樹脂が前記第2の溶剤に均一に溶解せず、前記第2の混合液の温度が100℃より高く前記第2の溶剤の沸点以下のいずれかの温度では前記熱可塑性樹脂が前記第2の溶剤に均一に溶解する貧溶剤である請求項21記載の多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法。
- 前記第2の溶剤が、前記第1の溶剤とは異なり、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種である請求項21または22記載の多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法。
- 熱可塑性樹脂を含む多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法であって、
前記熱可塑性樹脂を熱誘起相分離するための第1の溶剤を選択する工程と、
選択した前記第1の溶剤を含む溶媒に、前記熱可塑性樹脂を溶解する工程と、
溶解した前記熱可塑性樹脂を含む溶液を相分離する工程と、を有し、
前記第1の溶剤を選択する工程が、前記第1の溶剤を決定するための第1の基準に基づいて行われ、該第1の基準が、前記熱可塑性樹脂と前記第1の溶剤との比率が20:80の第1の混合液において、該第1の混合液の温度を前記第1の溶剤の沸点まで上げても、前記熱可塑性樹脂が前記第1の溶剤に均一に溶解しないことである多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法。 - さらに、前記熱可塑性樹脂を熱誘起相分離するための第2の溶剤を選択する工程を有し、
前記第2の溶剤を選択する工程が、第2の基準に基づいて行われ、
該第2の基準が、前記熱可塑性樹脂と前記第2の溶剤との比率が20:80の第2の混合液において、該第2の混合液の温度が25℃より高く前記第2の溶剤の沸点以下のいずれかの温度で前記熱可塑性樹脂が前記第2の溶剤に均一に溶解することである請求項24記載の多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法。 - 前記第2の基準が、前記可塑性樹脂と前記第2の溶剤との比率が20:80の第2の混合液において、該第2の混合液の温度が25℃では前記熱可塑性樹脂が前記第2の溶剤に均一に溶解せず、前記第2の混合液の温度が100℃より高く前記第2の溶剤の沸点以下のいずれかの温度では前記熱可塑性樹脂が前記第2の溶剤に均一に溶解することである請求項25記載の多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法。
- 前記第1の溶剤が、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種である請求項24から26いずれか1項記載の多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法。
- 前記第2の溶剤が、前記第1の溶剤と異なり、セバシン酸エステル、クエン酸エステル、アセチルクエン酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、トリメリット酸エステル、オレイン酸エステル、パルミチン酸エステル、ステアリン酸エステル、リン酸エステル、炭素数6以上30以下の脂肪酸、およびエポキシ化植物油から選択される少なくとも1種である請求項25から27いずれか1項記載の多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法。
- さらに、無機物を添加する請求項13から28いずれか1項記載の多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法。
- 前記無機物が、シリカ、塩化リチウム、および酸化チタンから選ばれる少なくとも1つである請求項29記載の多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法。
- 請求項1から12いずれか1項記載の多孔性中空糸膜を使用してろ過を行うろ過方法。
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| WO2019045069A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-01 | 2019-03-07 | 旭化成株式会社 | 多孔性中空糸膜、多孔性中空糸膜の製造方法、およびろ過方法 |
| WO2019049858A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-14 | 旭化成株式会社 | 多孔質膜を用いたろ過方法 |
| WO2019049857A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-14 | 旭化成株式会社 | 多孔質膜を用いたろ過方法 |
| WO2019049861A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-14 | 旭化成株式会社 | 多孔質膜を用いた醸造酒の製造方法 |
| JP2019047778A (ja) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-28 | 旭化成株式会社 | 多孔質膜を用いたお茶飲料の製造方法 |
| JP2020141597A (ja) * | 2019-03-06 | 2020-09-10 | 旭化成株式会社 | 果実酒のろ過・清澄化方法 |
| US20220001335A1 (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2022-01-06 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of filtration using porous membranes |
| WO2026018864A1 (ja) * | 2024-07-16 | 2026-01-22 | 旭化成株式会社 | 膜蒸留用多孔質膜及び膜蒸留用膜モジュール |
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| WO2022094162A1 (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-05-05 | Arkema Inc. | Membranes made using fine powders |
| CN113546525B (zh) * | 2021-08-25 | 2023-09-19 | 清华大学 | 一种聚4-甲基1-戊烯中空纤维膜及其制备方法 |
| CN114832649B (zh) * | 2022-04-21 | 2023-06-16 | 天津大学温州安全(应急)研究院 | 基于绿色稀释剂的聚4-甲基-1-戊烯中空纤维膜及其制备方法和应用 |
| KR20240136102A (ko) * | 2023-03-06 | 2024-09-13 | 도레이첨단소재 주식회사 | 분리막용 보존용액 및 이를 포함하는 수처리용 분리막 포장용기 |
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| JP2019047778A (ja) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-28 | 旭化成株式会社 | 多孔質膜を用いたお茶飲料の製造方法 |
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| WO2019049858A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-14 | 旭化成株式会社 | 多孔質膜を用いたろ過方法 |
| WO2019049857A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-14 | 旭化成株式会社 | 多孔質膜を用いたろ過方法 |
| JPWO2019049857A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-07 | 2020-03-26 | 旭化成株式会社 | 多孔質膜を用いたろ過方法 |
| US11471834B2 (en) | 2017-09-07 | 2022-10-18 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Filtration method using porous membrane |
| JP7165000B2 (ja) | 2017-09-07 | 2022-11-02 | 旭化成株式会社 | 多孔質膜を用いたお茶飲料の製造方法 |
| US11492577B2 (en) | 2017-09-07 | 2022-11-08 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for manufacturing brewed alcoholic beverage using porous membrane |
| US20220001335A1 (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2022-01-06 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of filtration using porous membranes |
| JP2020141597A (ja) * | 2019-03-06 | 2020-09-10 | 旭化成株式会社 | 果実酒のろ過・清澄化方法 |
| JP7252790B2 (ja) | 2019-03-06 | 2023-04-05 | 旭化成株式会社 | 果実酒のろ過・清澄化方法 |
| WO2026018864A1 (ja) * | 2024-07-16 | 2026-01-22 | 旭化成株式会社 | 膜蒸留用多孔質膜及び膜蒸留用膜モジュール |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108778473A (zh) | 2018-11-09 |
| JP6791945B2 (ja) | 2020-11-25 |
| JPWO2017155004A1 (ja) | 2018-12-27 |
| EP3427818B1 (en) | 2023-01-04 |
| JP7019003B2 (ja) | 2022-02-14 |
| JP2020189294A (ja) | 2020-11-26 |
| EP3427818A4 (en) | 2019-03-27 |
| EP3427818A1 (en) | 2019-01-16 |
| US20190022601A1 (en) | 2019-01-24 |
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