WO2017177816A1 - 制备ad-35的工艺 - Google Patents

制备ad-35的工艺 Download PDF

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WO2017177816A1
WO2017177816A1 PCT/CN2017/078389 CN2017078389W WO2017177816A1 WO 2017177816 A1 WO2017177816 A1 WO 2017177816A1 CN 2017078389 W CN2017078389 W CN 2017078389W WO 2017177816 A1 WO2017177816 A1 WO 2017177816A1
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钟金清
赵旭阳
白骅
龚永祥
张鑫龙
朱齐凤
刘伟伟
周亚
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Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Priority to EP17781792.1A priority Critical patent/EP3444253A4/en
Priority to JP2018553201A priority patent/JP2019516669A/ja
Priority to US16/087,308 priority patent/US10399992B2/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/02Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D491/04Ortho-condensed systems
    • C07D491/056Ortho-condensed systems with two or more oxygen atoms as ring hetero atoms in the oxygen-containing ring
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/02Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D491/10Spiro-condensed systems
    • C07D491/113Spiro-condensed systems with two or more oxygen atoms as ring hetero atoms in the oxygen-containing ring
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/55Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a clinical trial drug for treating Alzheimer's disease represented by formula (I), namely 6-[2-[1-(2-pyridylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]ethyl] Preparation method of spiro[[1,3]dioxol[4,5-f]isoindole-7,1'-cyclopropane]-5-one phosphate (AD-35) Synthesis of intermediates.
  • formula (I) namely 6-[2-[1-(2-pyridylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]ethyl]
  • WO2014005421 reports a class of benzodioxol compounds which have an activity of inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and which can be used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Particularly striking among such compounds is 6-[2-[1-(2-pyridylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]ethyl]spiro[[1,3]dioxole And [4,5-f]isoindole-7,1'-cyclopropane]-5-one phosphate, code AD-35, has the chemical structure shown in the following formula I:
  • AD-35 is a weaker acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity in vitro by about one-tenth of the donepezil activity, but the compound exhibits comparable efficacy to donepezil in the Morris water maze test. The effect of improving memory and learning ability is comparable to donepezil. This suggests that AD-35 is likely to produce improved memory and learning abilities through other mechanisms in the body. Further studies using a rat model of Alzheimer's disease induced by A ⁇ 25-35 revealed that AD-35 significantly inhibited the production and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF- ⁇ and IL-1 ⁇ , thereby greatly reducing The toxicity of A ⁇ 25-35 on nerve cells is small, which effectively protects nerve cells.
  • AD-35 also exhibits a certain ability to chelate transition metal ions such as Cu 2+ in vitro, while Cu 2+ accelerates the formation of A ⁇ fibers, enhances the toxicity of A ⁇ to nerve cells, and promotes the death of nerve cells. Therefore, excessive Cu 2+ in the brain is also considered to be one of the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (Sarell et al. J. Biol. Chem. 2010, 285 (53), 41533). From the chemical structure point of view, the two nitrogen atoms in the AD-35 molecule on the piperidine ring and the pyridine ring respectively constitute a structural unit similar to ethylenediamine, which should explain why this compound can to some extent Chelate transition metal ions.
  • AD-35 was much less toxic than donepezil.
  • SAD Phase I Clinical Single-Dose Progressive Tolerance Test
  • AD-35 is promising as a new drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease with little side effects. Its multiple mechanism of action is likely to make this compound not only alleviate the symptoms of Alzheimer's patients. And can delay the progress of the disease.
  • a process for the preparation of a compound represented by Formula V which comprises the cyano ester of Formula IV in isopropyl tetrabasic acid (Ti(Oi-) Pr) 4 ) and the Grignard reagent ethylmagnesium halide to form cyclopropane lactamization to obtain a spiropropane lactam of the formula V:
  • R 3 is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group
  • X is chlorine, bromine or iodine.
  • the Grignard reagent ethyl magnesium halide of this reaction is preferably ethyl magnesium bromide.
  • the solvent for the reaction is selected from the group consisting of diethyl ether, dichloromethane, toluene, methyl tert-butyl ether or tetrahydrofuran, preferably dichloromethane.
  • the temperature of the reaction is controlled at 0 to 35 ° C, preferably 0 to 20 ° C.
  • the molar ratio of the compound represented by the formula IV to the isopropyl titanate (Ti(Oi-Pr) 4 ) is 1:1 to 3, preferably 1:1 to 1.5.
  • the molar ratio of the compound of the formula IV to the Grignard reagent ethylmagnesium halide is 1:1 to 5, preferably 1:2 to 3.
  • R 1 is a protecting group for an amino group, preferably a tert-butoxycarbonyl group (Boc); and R 2 is a halogen or p-toluenesulfonyloxy group.
  • the base used in the reaction is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydride, potassium t-butoxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or cesium carbonate, preferably sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
  • the molar ratio of the compound represented by the formula V to the base is 1:1 to 3, preferably 1:1.1 to 2.
  • the molar ratio of the compound of the formula V to the compound of the formula VI is 1:1 to 3, preferably 1:1.1 to 1.5.
  • the solvent for the reaction is selected from the group consisting of N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or acetonitrile, preferably dimethyl sulfoxide.
  • the temperature of the reaction is controlled at 25 to 75 ° C, preferably 55 to 65 ° C.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of a compound of the formula (I) according to the above intermediate, which further provides an improved simple, high-yield preparation of the formula (I) for inhibiting acetylcholinesterase A method of a benzodioxole derivative. Namely, the preparation of the compound 6-[2-[1-(2-pyridylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]ethyl]spiro[[1,3]dioxol[4,5-f A method of isoindole-7,1'-cyclopropane]-5-one phosphate.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • R 3 is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group.
  • R 3 is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group.
  • R 3 is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group
  • X is chlorine, bromine or iodine.
  • R 1 is a protecting group for an amino group, preferably a tert-butoxycarbonyl group (Boc); and R 2 is a halogen or p-toluenesulfonyloxy group.
  • R 1 is a protecting group of an amino group, preferably a tert-butoxycarbonyl group (Boc).
  • Y is a halogen or a sulfonyloxy group.
  • the reaction solvent is selected from the group consisting of N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, water, dichloromethane or chloroform, preferably water;
  • the base is selected from the group consisting of hydroxide Sodium, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydrogencarbonate, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate;
  • the molar ratio of the piperonic acid, the base to the N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) is 1:1.2 to 2:1.4 to 2.4
  • the reaction temperature is controlled at 0 to 70 ° C, preferably 30 to 45 ° C.
  • R 3 is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group or an isopropyl group, more preferably an ethyl group; the reaction is known in the art, that is, in the catalytic action of an acid
  • the compound of the formula II is esterified with an alcohol (R 3 OH), wherein the acid used for the catalysis is preferably concentrated sulfuric acid.
  • the cyanide ion donor is a metal cyanide, preferably cuprous cyanide (CuCN) or potassium ferrocyanide / cuprous iodide (K 4 Fe(CN) 6 /CuI), More preferably potassium ferrocyanide / cuprous iodide (K 4 Fe(CN) 6 /CuI);
  • the molar ratio of the compound of formula III to cuprous iodide (CuI) is 1:1 to 2, preferably 1:1.1 to 1.5; the compound of formula III and potassium ferrocyanide (K 4 )
  • the molar ratio of Fe(CN) 6 ) is 1:0.15 to 0.35, preferably 1:0.18 to 0.25; the reaction temperature is controlled at 100 to 160 ° C, preferably 120 to 140 ° C; and the reaction solvent is preferably N,N-dimethylformamide. Or N,N-dimethylacetamide.
  • the Grignard reagent ethyl magnesium halide is preferably ethyl magnesium bromide
  • the solvent is selected from the group consisting of diethyl ether, dichloromethane, toluene, methyl tert-butyl ether or tetrahydrofuran, preferably dichloromethane
  • the reaction temperature is controlled in 0 ⁇ 35 °C, preferably 0 ⁇ 20 °C
  • (4 Ti (Oi-Pr)) molar ratio of the isopropyl ester of formula IV with a compound titanate (IV) is 1: 1 to 3, preferably 1: 1 to 1.5
  • the molar ratio of the compound of the formula IV to the Grignard reagent ethylmagnesium halide is from 1:1 to 5, preferably from 1:2 to 3.
  • R 1 is a protecting group of an amino group, preferably a tert-butoxycarbonyl group (Boc);
  • R 2 is a halogen or a p-toluenesulfonyloxy group
  • the base used for the reaction is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydride, potassium t-butoxide, Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or cesium carbonate, preferably sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide
  • the molar ratio of the compound represented by the formula V to the base is 1:1 to 3, preferably 1:1.1 to 2
  • the compound represented by the formula V The molar ratio of the compound represented by the formula VI is 1:1 to 3, preferably 1:1.1 to 1.5
  • the reaction solvent is selected from N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide or acetonitrile, preferably dimethyl amide.
  • Sulfone the reaction temperature is controlled at 25 to 75 ° C, preferably 55 to 65 ° C.
  • the acid used is selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, hydrofluoric acid or hydrochloric acid, preferably hydrochloric acid (for The hydrochloric acid of the reaction is not particularly limited, and any one of concentrated hydrochloric acid, hydrogen chloride gas, a solvent for absorbing hydrogen chloride gas, and concentrated hydrochloric acid diluted with a solvent may be used; the reaction solvent used is selected from the group consisting of methanol and ethanol.
  • Ethyl acetate or a mixed solvent thereof is preferably a mixed solvent of ethanol and ethyl acetate, more preferably a ratio of ethanol to ethyl acetate of 2:3; and a reaction temperature of 20 to 70 ° C, preferably 50 to 60 ° C.
  • Y is a halogen or a sulfonyloxy group, wherein the halogen is selected from chlorine, bromine or iodine; the sulfonyloxy group is selected from the group consisting of benzenesulfonyloxy and p-toluenesulfonyloxy Or a methanesulfonyloxy group; the base used is selected from the group consisting of potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, preferably potassium carbonate; the molar ratio of the compound of the formula VIII to the compound of the formula IX is 1: 1 to 3, preferably 1:1.4 to 2; the molar ratio of the compound represented by the formula VIII to the base is 1:1.5 to 4, preferably 1:2 to 3.5; the reaction solvent used is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, water or The mixed solvent is preferably a mixed solvent of ethanol
  • the reaction solvent used is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol or isopropanol, preferably ethanol; the molar ratio of the compound of the formula XI to phosphoric acid is 1:0.95 to 1.05; and the reaction temperature is controlled at 20 to 80 ° C. Preferably, it is 60-70 °C.
  • Halogen means fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.
  • Alkyl as a group or part of a group refers to a straight or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group. Most preferred is a C1-C6 alkyl group unless otherwise indicated. Examples of straight or branched C1-C6 alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 2-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl Base, hexyl, etc.
  • Step (1)
  • Step (2)
  • Step (3)
  • Step (4)
  • Step (6)
  • Step (8)
  • the piperonic acid is subjected to ortho- bromination to give a compound represented by the formula II under the action of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS).
  • NBS N-bromosuccinimide
  • the bromination reaction is usually carried out in an organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, chloroform or N,N-dimethylformamide.
  • an inorganic solvent preferably water
  • the reaction progress is accelerated, and a suitable base is added to the reaction system to form a salt of the carboxylic acid of the piperonic acid. , water solubility is enhanced.
  • N-brominated Dissolve piperonic acid (1 equivalent) and 1.2 to 2 equivalents of base (such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydrogencarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate) in water, and add 1.4 to 2.4 equivalents of N-brominated
  • base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydrogencarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate
  • N-brominated The imide (NBS) is then reacted at a temperature of 0 to 70 ° C, preferably 30 to 45 ° C, until the reaction is completed, and then acidified with an acid (for example, hydrochloric acid) to free the salt-forming carboxyl group, precipitate a solid, and filter.
  • an acid for example, hydrochloric acid
  • the compound of the formula II is obtained; or after the reaction is acidified with an acid (for example, hydrochloric acid), it is extracted with an organic solvent (for example, ethyl acetate), concentrated, and purified to give a compound of the formula II.
  • an acid for example, hydrochloric acid
  • organic solvent for example, ethyl acetate
  • the compound of the formula II is esterified with an alcohol (R 3 OH) under the catalysis of an acid to obtain an ester of the formula III, and the acid used for catalysis is preferably concentrated sulfuric acid.
  • R 3 OH an alcohol
  • the acid used for catalysis is preferably concentrated sulfuric acid.
  • the compound of the formula III is cyanated under the action of a cyanide ion donor to give a cyano ester of the formula IV.
  • the compound of formula III (1 equivalent) is dissolved in a suitable anhydrous solvent (for example N,N-dimethylformamide or N,N-dimethylacetamide), and a cyanide donor is added (preferably) Potassium ferrocyanide / cuprous iodide (K 4 Fe(CN) 6 /CuI), wherein the amount of cuprous iodide (CuI) is 1 to 2 equivalents (preferably 1.1 to 1.5 equivalents), potassium ferrocyanide (K 4 Fe(CN) 6 ) is preliminarily dried at a temperature of 80 ° C, and the amount of the feed is 0.15 to 0.35 equivalents (preferably 0.18 to 0.25 equivalents), and then reacted at a temperature of 100 to 160 ° C, preferably 120 to 140 ° C. . After completion of the reaction, a solid is precipitated and separated
  • the cyano ester represented by the formula IV is obtained by the action of the tetrakis(4-diisopropyl) titanate (Ti(Oi-Pr) 4 ) and the ethyl magnesium halide Grignard reagent. Spiropropane lactam.
  • the cyano ester of formula IV (1 eq.) is dissolved in an anhydrous solvent (preferably dichloromethane) under the protection of a dry inert gas stream (such as nitrogen) in an amount of from 1 to 3 equivalents (preferably from 1 to 1.5 equivalents).
  • the reagent preferably ethylmagnesium bromide
  • cyclopropanation and lactamization is sequentially subjected to cyclopropanation and lactamization, and then separated and purified by decolorization and crystallization to obtain a spiropropane lactam of the formula V.
  • a spiropropane lactam of the formula V is coupled with a compound of the formula VI under the action of a base to give a compound of the formula VII.
  • the spiropropane lactam (1 equivalent) represented by the formula V is dissolved in an organic solvent (preferably dimethyl sulfoxide), and 1 to 3 equivalents (preferably 1.1 to 2 equivalents) of a base (preferably sodium hydroxide or hydrogen) is added. Potassium oxide), 1 to 3 equivalents (preferably 1.1 to 1.5 equivalents) of the compound of the formula VI is reacted at a temperature of 25 to 75 ° C, preferably 55 to 65 ° C for 3 to 4 hours. It was then separated by extraction and decolorized to give the compound of formula VII, which was used in the next step without further purification.
  • the amino-protecting group of the compound represented by the formula VII is removed.
  • the amino protecting group R 1 is a tert-butoxycarbonyl group (Boc), and the compound of the formula VII is dissolved in a suitable solvent (for example, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate or a mixed solvent thereof, preferably a mixed solvent of ethanol and ethyl acetate).
  • the volume ratio of ethanol to ethyl acetate is 2:3), and deprotection under acidic conditions (for example, sulfuric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, hydrofluoric acid or hydrochloric acid, preferably hydrochloric acid), at a temperature of 20 to 70 ° C, preferably 50 ⁇ 60 ° C temperature reaction. After completion of the reaction, the mixture is cooled, and a solid is precipitated, and the compound of the formula VIII or a salt thereof is obtained by filtration.
  • acidic conditions for example, sulfuric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, hydrofluoric acid or hydrochloric acid, preferably hydrochloric acid
  • the hydrochloric acid used in the reaction is not particularly limited, and any of concentrated hydrochloric acid, hydrogen chloride gas, a solvent that absorbs hydrogen chloride gas, and a mixed solution of concentrated hydrochloric acid diluted with a solvent can be used.
  • the compound of the formula VIII or a salt thereof is reacted with a compound of the formula IX or a salt thereof under basic conditions to give a compound of the formula XI.
  • 1 equivalent of the compound of the formula VIII or a salt thereof and 1 to 3 equivalents (preferably 1.4 to 2 equivalents) of a compound of the formula IX or a salt thereof (preferably 2-chloromethylpyridine hydrochloride) are dissolved in a suitable a solvent (for example, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, water or a mixed solvent thereof, preferably a mixed solvent of ethanol and water), and then adding 1.5 to 4 equivalents (preferably 2 to 3.5 equivalents) of a base (for example, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide) Or potassium hydroxide, preferably potassium carbonate, is reacted at a temperature of 55 to 65 °C. After completion of the reaction, the mixture is cooled, and the solid is precipitated, filtered, and separated and purified by dissolving and decolor
  • step (8) the compound of formula XI is reacted with phosphoric acid to form a salt to provide a compound of formula I.
  • the compound of formula XI (1 equivalent) is dissolved in a suitable solvent (for example, methanol, ethanol or isopropanol, preferably ethanol), and 0.95 to 1.05 equivalent of phosphoric acid is added, at a temperature of 20 to 80 ° C, preferably 60 to Reaction at 70 ° C temperature. After completion of the reaction, a solid is precipitated and filtered to give a compound of formula I.
  • a suitable solvent for example, methanol, ethanol or isopropanol, preferably ethanol
  • the invention uses the piperonic acid as a raw material, and is subjected to bromination, esterification, cyanation, cyclopropane lactamization, amide nitrogen alkylation, deprotection, piperidine nitrogen alkylation and salt formation to obtain a compound of the formula (I).
  • the advantages of the present invention are summarized as follows:
  • a) the synthesis step is reduced; the original process uses cinnamic acid as a raw material, and a compound of the formula (I) is prepared through a 10-step reaction.
  • the process is prepared by using 8 parts of the reaction of piperonic acid to obtain the compound of the formula (I); Separation and purification by crystallization method, instead of the original column chromatography separation, simplifies the purification operation and reduces the cost.
  • the method of the present invention is suitable for industrial large-scale production with high yield.
  • the present invention provides a clinical trial drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease by providing a method for preparing a benzodioxole derivative and an intermediate thereof, which are inexpensive and readily available starting materials.
  • AD-35 with short synthetic route, simple operation, high yield and low cost, suitable for industrial production.
  • the filter cake was dissolved in a mixture of 500 mL of ethyl acetate and 200 mL of tetrahydrofuran, heated to 80 ° C, 2 g of activated carbon was added, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to at least an amount to precipitate a solid, 200 mL of petroleum ether was added dropwise, cooled with ice water, filtered, and washed with petroleum ether. The cake was dried to obtain 27.7 g of compound IVb in a yield: 87.6%.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种式(I)所示的苯并间二氧杂环戊烯衍生物(AD-35)的制备方法及其中间体。本发明方法以胡椒酸为原料,经过溴代、酯化、氰化、环丙烷内酰胺化、酰胺氮烷基化、脱保护、哌啶氮烷基化和成盐,得到式(I)化合物。该方法起始原料廉价易得,合成路线短,操作简单,可适合工业化生产。

Description

制备AD-35的工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及式(I)所示的用于治疗阿尔茨海默氏症的临床试验药物,即6-[2-[1-(2-吡啶甲基)-4-哌啶基]乙基]螺环[[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-f]异吲哚-7,1'-环丙烷]-5-酮磷酸盐(AD-35)的制备方法及其合成中间体。
背景技术
WO2014005421报道了一类苯并间二氧杂环戊烯化合物,这类化合物具有抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性,可以用于治疗阿尔茨海默氏症。在这类化合物中尤其引人注目的是6-[2-[1-(2-吡啶甲基)-4-哌啶基]乙基]螺环[[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-f]异吲哚-7,1'-环丙烷]-5-酮磷酸盐,代号AD-35,其化学结构如下式I所示:
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000001
AD-35是一个较弱的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂,在体外抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性约为多奈哌齐活性的十分之一,但该化合物在Morris水迷宫实验中却表现出与多奈哌齐相当的药效,即改善记忆和学习能力的效果与多奈哌齐相当。这说明AD-35在体内很可能还通过别的机制产生改善记忆和学习能力的效果。用由Aβ25-35诱导的阿尔茨海默氏症大鼠模型所作的进一步研究发现,AD-35能显著抑制促炎性细胞因子TNF-α和IL-1β的产生和释放,从而极大地减小了Aβ25-35对神经细胞的毒性,有效地保护了神经细胞。
此外,AD-35在体外还表现出具有一定的螯合过渡金属离子如Cu2+的能力,而Cu2+能加速Aβ纤维的形成,增强Aβ对神经细胞的毒性,从而促进神经细胞的死亡,因此大脑中过多的Cu2+也被认为是引起阿尔茨海默氏症的风险因素之一(Sarell et al.J.Biol.Chem.2010,285(53),41533)。从化学结构的角度看,AD-35分子中分别处于哌啶环和吡啶环上的两个氮原子构成了一个类似乙二 胺的结构单元,这应该能解释为什么这一化合物能在一定程度上螯合过渡金属离子。就化合物的安全性而言,小鼠急毒实验表明,AD-35的毒性远小于多奈哌齐。刚完成的一期临床单剂量递增耐受性试验(SAD)展示,受试者一次服用90毫克的AD-35没有出现不良反应,这说明该化合物的安全性很好。
综上所述,AD-35很有希望成为一个副作用很小的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症的新药,它的多重作用机制很可能使得这一化合物不仅能减轻阿尔茨海默氏症患者的症状,而且能延缓这一疾病的进程。
由于WO2014005421报道的制备AD-35及其类似物的合成路线太长,操作复杂,收率低,有些步骤也不适用于工业化生产,因此有必要研发一条新的工艺路线,以克服现有的上述制备方法的问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的目的之一是提供一种制备式(I)化合物的关键中间体(式V化合物)及其制备方法:
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000002
在本发明的第一方面,提供了一种如式V所示的可以用于制备式(I)化合物的中间体:
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000003
在本发明的又一方面中,提供了一种制备式V所代表的化合物的方法,所述方法包括:式IV所示的氰基酯在钛酸(四)异丙酯(Ti(Oi-Pr)4)和格氏试剂乙基卤化镁的作用下发生环丙烷内酰胺化,得到式V所示的螺环丙烷内酰胺:
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000004
其中,R3为C1-C6烷基;X为氯、溴或碘。
该反应的格氏试剂乙基卤化镁优选乙基溴化镁。
该反应的溶剂选自乙醚、二氯甲烷、甲苯、甲基叔丁基醚或四氢呋喃,优选二氯甲烷。
该反应的温度控制在0~35℃,优选0~20℃。
该反应中,式IV所示的化合物与钛酸(四)异丙酯(Ti(Oi-Pr)4)的摩尔比为1:1~3,优选1:1~1.5。
该反应中,式IV所示的化合物与格氏试剂乙基卤化镁的摩尔比为1:1~5,优选1:2~3。
在本发明的再一方面中,提供了一种制备式VII所代表的化合物的方法,所述方法包括:在碱的作用下,式V所示的螺环丙烷内酰胺与式VI所示的化合物偶联,得到式VII所示的化合物:
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000005
其中,R1为氨基的保护基,优选叔丁氧羰基(Boc);R2为卤素或对甲苯磺酰氧基。
该反应所用的碱选自氢化钠、叔丁醇钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾或碳酸铯,优选氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾。
该反应中,式V所示化合物与碱的摩尔比为1:1~3,优选1:1.1~2。
该反应中,式V所示化合物与式VI所示化合物的摩尔比为1:1~3,优选1:1.1~1.5。
该反应的溶剂选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜或乙腈,优选二甲基亚砜。
该反应的温度控制在25~75℃,优选55~65℃。
本发明的目的之二是提供一种根据上述中间体制备式(I)化合物的方法,进而提供一种改进的简单的、高收率地制备式(I)的能抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase)的苯并间二氧杂环戊烯衍生物的方法。即,制备化合物6-[2-[1-(2-吡啶甲基)-4-哌啶基]乙基]螺环[[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-f]异吲哚-7,1'-环丙烷]-5-酮磷酸盐的方法。
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000006
该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)在溶剂中,胡椒酸在碱的作用下成盐,再在N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)的作用下溴代,得到式II所示的化合物:
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000007
(2)将式II所示的化合物在酸的催化作用下与醇(R3OH)发生酯化反应,得到式III所示的酯:
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000008
其中,R3为C1-C6烷基。
(3)式III所示的化合物在氰离子供体的作用下氰化,得到式IV所示的氰基酯:
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000009
其中,R3为C1-C6烷基。
(4)式IV所示的氰基酯在钛酸(四)异丙酯(Ti(Oi-Pr)4)和格氏试剂乙基卤化镁的作用下发生环丙烷内酰胺化,得到式V所示的螺环丙烷内酰胺:
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000010
其中,R3为C1-C6烷基;X为氯、溴或碘。
(5)在碱的作用下,式V所示的螺环丙烷内酰胺与式VI所示的化合物偶联,得到式VII所示的化合物:
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000011
其中,R1为氨基的保护基,优选叔丁氧羰基(Boc);R2为卤素或对甲苯磺酰氧基。
(6)脱除式VII所示的化合物的氨基保护基,得到式VIII所示的化合物或其盐:
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000012
其中,R1为氨基的保护基,优选叔丁氧羰基(Boc)。
(7)在碱的作用下,式VIII所示的化合物或其盐与式IX所示的化合物或 其盐反应,得到式XI所示的化合物:
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000013
其中,Y为卤素或磺酰氧基。
(8)式XI所示的化合物与磷酸反应成盐,得到式I化合物:
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000014
上述反应步骤,其中,
在步骤(1)中,反应溶剂选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、水、二氯甲烷或氯仿,优选水;所述的碱选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠或碳酸钾;所述的胡椒酸、碱与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)的摩尔比为1:1.2~2:1.4~2.4,;反应温度控制在0~70℃,优选30~45℃。
在步骤(2)中,R3为C1-C6烷基,优选甲基、乙基或异丙基,更优选乙基;该反应是本领域已知的,即,在酸的催化作用下,式II所示的化合物与醇(R3OH)发生酯化反应,其中催化所用的酸优选浓硫酸。
在步骤(3)中,所述的氰离子供体为金属氰化物,优选氰化亚铜(CuCN)或亚铁氰化钾/碘化亚铜(K4Fe(CN)6/CuI),更优选亚铁氰化钾/碘化亚铜(K4Fe(CN)6/CuI);
更优选地,式III所示的化合物与碘化亚铜(CuI)的摩尔比为1:1~2,优选1:1.1~1.5;式III所示的化合物与亚铁氰化钾(K4Fe(CN)6)的摩尔比为1:0.15~0.35,优选1:0.18~0.25;反应温度控制在100~160℃,优选120~140℃;反应溶剂优选N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或N,N-二甲基乙酰胺。
在步骤(4)中,格氏试剂乙基卤化镁优选乙基溴化镁,溶剂选自乙醚、二氯甲烷、甲苯、甲基叔丁基醚或四氢呋喃,优选二氯甲烷;反应温度控制在0~35℃,优选0~20℃;式IV所示的化合物与钛酸(四)异丙酯(Ti(Oi-Pr)4) 的摩尔比为1:1~3,优选1:1~1.5;式IV所示的化合物与格氏试剂乙基卤化镁的摩尔比为1:1~5,优选1:2~3。
在步骤(5)中,R1为氨基的保护基,优选叔丁氧羰基(Boc);R2为卤素或对甲苯磺酰氧基;反应所用的碱选自氢化钠、叔丁醇钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾或碳酸铯,优选氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾;式V所示的化合物与碱的摩尔比为1:1~3,优选1:1.1~2;式V所示化合物与式VI所示化合物的摩尔比为1:1~3,优选1:1.1~1.5;反应溶剂选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜或乙腈,优选二甲基亚砜;反应温度控制在25~75℃,优选55~65℃。
在步骤(6)中,R1为叔丁氧羰基时,在酸性条件下脱除氨基的保护基时,所用的酸选自硫酸、三氟乙酸、氢氟酸或盐酸,优选盐酸(用于该反应的盐酸并不特别受限,可以使用浓盐酸、氯化氢气体、吸收氯化氢气体的溶剂、用溶剂稀释的浓盐酸的混合液中的任一种);所用的反应溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯或其混合溶剂,优选乙醇与乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂,更优选乙醇与乙酸乙酯体积比为2:3;反应温度控制在20~70℃,优选50~60℃。
在步骤(7)中,式IX所示的化合物中Y为卤素或磺酰氧基,其中卤素选自氯、溴或碘;磺酰氧基选自苯磺酰氧基、对甲苯磺酰氧基或甲磺酰氧基;所用的碱选自碳酸钾、碳酸钠、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾,优选碳酸钾;式VIII所示的化合物与式IX所示的化合物的摩尔比为1:1~3,优选1:1.4~2;式VIII所示的化合物与碱的摩尔比为1:1.5~4,优选1:2~3.5;所用的反应溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、乙腈、水或其混合溶剂,优选乙醇与水的混合溶剂;于55~65℃温度反应。
在步骤(8)中,所用的反应溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇,优选乙醇;式XI所示的化合物与磷酸的摩尔比为1:0.95~1.05;反应温度控制在20~80℃,优选60~70℃。
本发明所使用的部分术语定义如下:
“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴和碘。
“烷基”当作一基团或一基团的一部分时是指直链或者带有支链的脂肪烃基团。最优先选择为C1-C6的烷基,除非另有指明。直链或带有支链的C1-C6烷基的实例包括,但不限于:甲基、乙基、正丙基、2-丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁 基、己基等。
本发明优选的反应条件列于下列方案中:
步骤(1)
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000015
步骤(2)
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000016
步骤(3)
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000017
步骤(4)
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000018
步骤(5)
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000019
步骤(6)
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000020
步骤(7)
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000021
步骤(8)
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000022
本发明的详细描述
下文将结合以上反应步骤(1)-(8)进一步详述本发明的制备方法。
在步骤(1)中,胡椒酸在N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)的作用下发生邻位溴代生成式II所示的化合物。本领域技术人员熟知,溴代反应通常是在有机溶剂(如四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、氯仿、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)中发生反应。然而,在本发明中优选选择无机溶剂(优选水)作为反应溶剂,同时为了增加原料胡椒酸在水中的溶解度,加快反应进程,向反应体系中加入合适的碱,使胡椒酸的羧酸成盐,水溶性增强。将胡椒酸(1当量)和1.2~2当量碱(例如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、碳酸钾)溶于水中,加入1.4~2.4当量N-溴代丁二 酰亚胺(NBS),然后在0~70℃温度下,优选30~45℃温度反应,直至反应完毕,然后用酸(例如盐酸)来酸化,使成盐的羧基游离出来,析出固体,过滤得到式II所示的化合物;或者反应完毕用酸(例如盐酸)酸化后,用有机溶剂(例如乙酸乙酯)萃取,浓缩,打浆纯化,得到式II所示的化合物。
在步骤(2)中,式II所示的化合物在酸的催化作用下与醇(R3OH)发生酯化反应,得到式III所示的酯,催化所用的酸优选浓硫酸,该方法是本领域已知的,参见文献J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1997,119(18),4097–4102。
在步骤(3)中,式III所示的化合物在氰离子供体的作用下氰化,得到式IV所示的氰基酯。将式III所示的化合物(1当量)溶于一种合适的无水溶剂(例如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或N,N-二甲基乙酰胺),加入氰离子供体(优选亚铁氰化钾/碘化亚铜(K4Fe(CN)6/CuI),其中碘化亚铜(CuI)投料量为1~2当量(优选1.1~1.5当量),亚铁氰化钾(K4Fe(CN)6)预先在80℃温度下烘干,投料量为0.15~0.35当量(优选0.18~0.25当量)),然后在100~160℃温度下,优选120~140℃温度反应。反应完毕后,析出固体,通过过滤、溶解脱色、结晶的方法分离纯化,得到式IV所示的化合物。
在步骤(4)中,式IV所示的氰基酯在钛酸(四)异丙酯(Ti(Oi-Pr)4)和乙基卤化镁格氏试剂的作用下得到式V所示的螺环丙烷内酰胺。式IV所示的氰基酯(1当量)溶于一种无水溶剂(优选二氯甲烷)中,在干燥的惰性气流(如氮气)保护下,加入1~3当量(优选1~1.5当量)钛酸(四)异丙酯(Ti(Oi-Pr)4),在0~35℃温度下,优选0~20℃的温度缓慢滴加1~5当量(优选2~3当量)格氏试剂(优选乙基溴化镁),依次发生环丙烷化和内酰胺化反应,然后通过脱色、结晶的方法分离纯化,得到式V所示的螺环丙烷内酰胺。
在步骤(5)中,式V所示的螺环丙烷内酰胺与式VI所示的化合物在碱的作用下偶联,得到式VII所示的化合物。式V所示的螺环丙烷内酰胺(1当量)溶于一种有机溶剂(优选二甲基亚砜)中,加入1~3当量(优选1.1~2当量)碱(优选氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾),1~3当量(优选1.1~1.5当量)式VI所示的化合物,在25~75℃温度下,优选55~65℃温度反应3~4h。然后通过萃取分离并脱色,得到式VII所示的化合物,不用进一步分离纯化直接用于下一步。
在步骤(6)中,脱除式VII所示的化合物的氨基保护基。氨基保护基R1为叔丁氧羰基(Boc),式VII所示的化合物溶于一种合适的溶剂(例如甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯或其混合溶剂,优选乙醇与乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂,更优选乙醇与乙酸乙酯体积比为2:3),在酸性(例如硫酸、三氟乙酸、氢氟酸或盐酸,优选盐酸)条件下脱保护,在20~70℃温度下,优选50~60℃温度反应。反应完毕后,冷却,析出固体,过滤得到式VIII所示的化合物或其盐。
用于该反应的盐酸并不特别受限,可以使用浓盐酸、氯化氢气体、吸收氯化氢气体的溶剂、用溶剂稀释的浓盐酸的混合液中的任一种。
在步骤(7)中,式VIII所示的化合物或其盐与式IX化合物或其盐在碱性条件下反应得到式XI所示的化合物。将1当量式VIII所示的化合物或其盐和1~3当量(优选1.4~2当量)式IX所示的化合物或其盐(优选2-氯甲基吡啶盐酸盐)溶于一种合适的溶剂(例如甲醇、乙醇、乙腈、水或其混合溶剂,优选乙醇与水的混合溶剂),然后加入1.5~4当量(优选2~3.5当量)碱(例如碳酸钾、碳酸钠、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾,优选碳酸钾),于55~65℃温度反应。反应完毕后,冷却,析出固体,过滤,通过溶解脱色、结晶的方法分离纯化,得到式XI所示的化合物。
在步骤(8)中,式XI所示的化合物与磷酸反应成盐,得到式I化合物。将式XI所示的化合物(1当量)溶于一种合适的溶剂(例如甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇,优选乙醇),加入0.95~1.05当量磷酸,在20~80℃温度下,优选60~70℃温度反应。反应完毕后,析出固体,过滤得到式I化合物。
本发明以胡椒酸为原料,经过溴代、酯化、氰化、环丙烷内酰胺化、酰胺氮烷基化、脱保护、哌啶氮烷基化和成盐,得到式(I)化合物。与WO2014005421报道的制备方法相比,本发明的优点概括如下:
a)合成步骤减少;原工艺以肉桂酸为原料,经过10步反应制备得到式(I)化合物,本工艺以胡椒酸为原料,经过8步反应制备得到式(I)化合物;且多步反应采用结晶的方法分离纯化,代替原来的柱层析分离,简化了纯化操作,降低了成本。
b)本工艺环境友好,生产过程中不会产生原工艺的有毒气体(氮氧化物),且未用到原工艺中的重金属、剧毒品及危险性试剂,如:五氧化二钒、四氯化锡、二乙基锌、五氯化磷等,提高了生产安全性及可操作性。
c)原工艺使用的起始原料(肉桂酸)价格昂贵,采购困难;本工艺使用的起始原料(胡椒酸)廉价易得。
d)本发明的方法适合工业化大生产,且收率高。
总之,本发明通过提供一种苯并间二氧杂环戊烯衍生物的制备方法及其中间体,能够以廉价易得的起始原料得到用于治疗阿尔茨海默氏症的临床试验药物AD-35,且合成路线短,操作简单,收率高,成本低,适合工业化生产。
具体实施方案
下述实施例只是为了进一步说明本发明,但是这并不意味着对本发明的任何限制。
参考实施例1:原料4-[2-(对甲苯磺酰氧基)乙基]哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(式VIa)的制备:
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000023
向10L反应瓶中加入800g(3.49mol)4-(2-羟基乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯、5L二氯甲烷、974ml(6.75mol)三乙胺和16g 4-二甲氨基吡啶,开启搅拌器,加入738g(3.87mol)对甲苯磺酰氯,25~38℃下反应1.5h,TLC检测反应完毕,加水洗涤(3L×3),收集有机相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩至干得1360.3g化合物VIa(HPLC纯度:85%)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):δ0.85-0.93(m,2H),1.38(s,9H),1.42-1.52(m,5H),2.43(s,3H),2.59(br s,2H),3.84(d,2H,J=11.3Hz),4.05(t,2H,J=6.1Hz),7.50(d,2H,J=8.1Hz),7.79(d,2H,J=8.3Hz);MS(ESI):m/z 383[M+Na]+
参考实施例2:原料4-(2-碘乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(式VIb)的制备:
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000024
向50mL反应瓶中加入5g(13.0mmol)4-[2-(对甲苯磺酰氧基)乙基]哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(式VIa)、35mL丙酮和2.9g(19.3mmol)碘化钠,加热回流1h,TLC检测反应完毕,浓缩除去丙酮,加入50mL水、50mL乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相用50mL水洗涤,收集有机相,水相再用50mL乙酸乙酯萃取一次,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液浓缩至干得3.5g化合物VIb,收率79.5%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):δ0.97-1.07(m,2H),1.41(s,9H),1.51-1.58(m,1H),1.63-1.66(m,2H),1.73-1.78(m,2H),2.69(br s,2H),3.31(t,2H,J=7.3Hz),3.96(d,2H,J=10.3Hz);MS(ESI):m/z 240[M-Boc+H]+
实施例1:6-溴-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5-羧酸(化合物II)的制备
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000025
向2L反应瓶中依次加入100g(0.60mol)胡椒酸、29g(0.725mol)氢氧化钠和1L水,搅拌溶解,加入150g(0.84mol)N-溴代丁二酰亚胺,30~45℃反应45min,TLC监测反应完毕,滴加浓盐酸调节反应液pH至2~3,析出固体,冰水冷却,过滤,水洗涤滤饼,烘干得117.4g化合物II(HPLC纯度:82%),收率79.5%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):δ6.15(s,2H),7.30(s,1H),7.32(s,1H),13.17(s,1H)。
实施例2:6-溴-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5-羧酸(化合物II)的制备
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000026
向2L反应瓶中依次加入100g(0.60mol)胡椒酸、29g(0.725mol)氢氧化钠和1L水,搅拌溶解,加入150g(0.84mol)N-溴代丁二酰亚胺,30~45℃反应45min,TLC监测反应完毕,加入1L乙酸乙酯和40mL浓盐酸,搅 拌20min,分层,收集有机相,浓缩至干,再加200mL水和600mL石油醚,搅拌1h,过滤,水洗涤滤饼,烘干得116g化合物II(HPLC纯度:92.0%),收率78.9%。1H NMR数据同实施例1。
实施例3:6-溴-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5-羧酸乙酯(化合物IIIa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000027
向2L反应瓶中加入117.3g(0.39mol)6-溴-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5-羧酸(II)、585mL无水乙醇,开启搅拌器,缓慢加入77mL(1.4mol)浓硫酸,加热回流反应6h,TLC监测反应完毕。冰水冷却,滴加1.2L水,析出固体,过滤,水洗涤滤饼,35~45℃烘干得124.0g化合物IIIa(HPLC纯度:85%),收率:93.9%。1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.39(t,3H,J=7.1Hz),4.34(q,2H,J=7.1Hz),6.04(s,2H),7.07(s,1H),7.31(s,1H)。
实施例4:6-溴-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5-羧酸甲酯(化合物IIIb)的制备
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000028
向1L反应瓶中加入50g(0.30mol)6-溴-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5-羧酸(II)、500mL无水甲醇,开启搅拌器,冰水冷却下滴加33.3mL(0.60mol)浓硫酸,加热回流6h。TLC检测反应完毕,冰水冷却,析出固体,滴加500mL水,过滤,水洗涤滤饼,45~55℃烘干得44.4g化合物IIIb,收率:84.0%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):δ3.83(s,3H),6.19(s,2H),7.35(s,1H),7.36(s,1H)。
实施例5:6-氰基-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5-羧酸乙酯(化合物IVa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000029
向2L反应瓶中加入124g(0.38mol)6-溴-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5- 羧酸乙酯(IIIa),990mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,开启搅拌器,加入33.1g(0.09mol)亚铁氰化钾和103.3g(0.54mol)碘化亚铜,加热至120~140℃,反应5h,TLC检测反应完毕。冷却,滴加水析出固体,过滤,水洗涤滤饼。滤饼于1.9L二氯甲烷中搅拌30min,过滤,滤液加入9g活性炭,脱色30min,过滤,滤液浓缩至少量,析出固体,滴加正己烷,冰水冷却,过滤,烘干得82.8g化合物IVa(HPLC纯度:99.5%),收率:83.2%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):δ1.34(t,3H,J=7.1Hz),4.33(q,2H,J=7.1Hz),6.29(s,2H),7.51(s,1H),7.57(s,1H)。
实施例6:6-氰基-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5-羧酸乙酯(化合物IVa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000030
向50mL反应瓶中加入3.5g(12.8mmol)6-溴-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5-羧酸乙酯(IIIa),35mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,2.3g(25.7mmol)氰化亚铜,开启搅拌,120~140℃反应30~60min,TLC检测反应完毕,冷却,滴加30mL饱和氯化铵水溶液,析出固体,过滤,水洗涤滤饼。将滤饼溶于200mL乙酸乙酯,用饱和氯化铵水溶液洗涤(30ml×2次),收集有机相,水相再用100ml乙酸乙酯提取一次,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,结晶得2.0g化合物IVa,收率:62.5%。1H NMR数据同实施例5。
实施例7:6-氰基-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5-羧酸甲酯(化合物IVb)的制备
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000031
向1L反应瓶中加入40g(0.15mol)6-溴-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5-羧酸甲酯(IIIb),11.4g(31.0mmol)亚铁氰化钾,35.2g(0.18mol)碘化亚铜,240mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,120~140℃油浴加热反应2~3h,TLC检测反应完毕,冷却,滴加480mL水,析出固体,冰水冷却,过滤,水洗涤滤饼。 滤饼溶于500mL乙酸乙酯和200mL四氢呋喃的混合液,加热至80℃,加入2g活性炭,过滤,滤液浓缩至少量,析出固体,滴加200mL石油醚,冰水冷却,过滤,石油醚洗涤滤饼,烘干得27.7g化合物IVb,收率:87.6%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):δ3.87(s,3H),6.28(s,2H),7.49(s,1H),7.55(s,1H)。
实施例8:螺环[6H-[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-f]异吲哚-7,1'-环丙烷]-5-酮(化合物V)的制备
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000032
向2L反应瓶中加入16g(0.072mol)式IVa化合物、160mL二氯甲烷,搅拌溶解,氮气保护,加入24mL(0.080mol)钛酸(四)异丙酯,冷却至0~20℃,缓慢滴加73mL(0.22mol)乙基溴化镁的乙醚溶液(3M),滴完后,TLC检测反应完毕。缓慢滴加水/四氢呋喃溶液(64mL水/240mL四氢呋喃),加热至50℃,加入2g活性炭脱色,搅拌20min。过滤,乙酸乙酯洗涤滤渣,滤液40~50℃减压浓缩干,加入96mL乙酸乙酯和96mL水,搅拌析出固体,滴加290mL正己烷,冰水冷却,过滤,正己烷洗涤滤饼,烘干,得11.9g化合物V(HPLC纯度:70%),收率:80.2%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6):δ1.33-1.41(m,4H),6.11(s,2H),6.86(s,1H),7.09(s,1H),8.53(s,1H)。
实施例9:螺环[6H-[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-f]异吲哚-7,1'-环丙烷]-5-酮(化合物V)的制备
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000033
向500mL反应瓶中加入10g(48.8mmol)6-氰基-1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯-5-羧酸甲酯(IVb),200mL甲基叔丁基醚,加入15mL(50.7mmol)钛酸(四)异丙酯,冷却至0~20℃,缓慢滴加49mL(0.15mol)乙基溴化镁的乙醚溶液(3M),滴完后,TLC检测反应完毕。滴加20mL盐酸,然后用250mL乙酸乙 酯萃取,有机相用水洗涤(100mL×2次),收集有机相,水相再用100mL乙酸乙酯萃取一次,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,活性炭脱色,过滤,滤液浓缩至少量,滴加石油醚,冰水冷却,过滤,石油醚洗涤滤饼,烘干得2.3g化合物V,收率:23.2%。1H NMR数据同实施例8。
实施例10:4-[2-(5-氧代螺环[[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-f]异吲哚-7,1'-环丙烷]-6-基)乙基]哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(化合物VIIa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000034
向250mL反应瓶中加入11.9g(0.041mol)式V化合物,84mL二甲基亚砜,4g(0.071mol)氢氧化钾,27.3g(0.06mol)4-[2-(对甲苯磺酰氧基)乙基]哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(式VIa),加热至55~65℃反应3~4h,TLC检测反应完毕。冷却,加150mL水,300mL乙酸乙酯提取,收集有机相并用水洗涤(150mL×2次),水相再用200mL乙酸乙酯提取一次,合并有机相,加入3g活性炭脱色,搅拌30min,过滤,滤液减压浓缩至干,得化合物VIIa。1H NMR(CDCl3):δ1.08-1.19(m,2H),1.28(dd,2H,J=6.2,7.4Hz),1.45(s,9H),1.48-1.57(m,5H),1.72(d,2H,J=12.7Hz),2.69(t,2H,J=11.6Hz),3.20(t,2H,J=7.6Hz),4.07(d,2H,J=13.1Hz),6.03(s,2H),6.43(s,1H),7.23(s,1H);MS(ESI):m/z 437[M+Na]+
实施例11:4-[2-(5-氧代螺环[[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-f]异吲哚-7,1'-环丙烷]-6-基)乙基]哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(化合物VIIa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000035
向250mL反应瓶中加入6.7g(33.0mmol)式V化合物、100mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、2.6g(65.0mmol)氢氧化钠、14g(41.3mmol)4-(2-碘乙基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(VIb),25~30℃反应1.5h,TLC检测反应完毕,加入100mL水和100mL乙酸乙酯,萃取,有机相用水洗涤(50mL×2次),收集有机相, 水相再用100mL乙酸乙酯萃取一次,合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液浓缩至干,得化合物VIIa。1H NMR数据同实施例10。
实施例12:6-[2-(4-哌啶)乙基]螺环[[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-f]异吲哚-7,1'-环丙烷]-5-酮盐酸盐(化合物VIIIa)的制备
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000036
向100mL反应瓶中加入实施例10所得到的式VIIa化合物、30mL乙醇、45mL乙酸乙酯、10.5mL浓盐酸。开启搅拌器,50~60℃反应3h,TLC检测反应完毕,停止加热,冰水冷却,过滤,乙酸乙酯洗涤滤饼,烘干,得8.5g灰白色固体(化合物VIIIa,HPLC纯度:97%)。收率:41.4%(根据实施例10中化合物V的投料量计算得到)。1H NMR(D2O):δ1.06(t,2H,J=6.7Hz),1.32-1.46(m,6H),1.60(m,1H),1.91(d,2H,J=13.5Hz),2.91-3.03(m,4H),3.39(d,2H,J=12.8Hz),5.90(s,2H),6.18(s,1H),6.68(s,1H);MS(ESI):m/z 315[M-Cl]+
实施例13:6-[2-[1-(2-吡啶甲基)-4-哌啶基]乙基]螺环[[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-f]异吲哚-7,1'-环丙烷]-5-酮(化合物XI)的制备
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000037
向2L反应瓶中投入128.6g(0.35mol)式VIIIa的化合物、90g(0.54mol)2-氯甲基吡啶盐酸盐(式IXa)、965mL水、26g活性炭,60~65℃脱色30min,过滤,用643ml水和215mL乙醇洗涤滤渣,滤液中缓慢加入161g(1.16mol)碳酸钾,55~65℃反应4~5h,TLC检测反应完毕,冰水冷却,过滤,烘干,得137g粗品;将粗品溶于1.37L乙醇,60~65℃加热溶解后,使用活性炭脱色(27.4g/次×2次),滤液搅拌下滴加4.11L水,析出固体,冰水冷却,过滤,水洗涤滤饼,烘干得118.9g化合物XI,收率:80.0%。1H NMR(CDCl3): δ1.26(dd,2H,J=6.1,7.6Hz),1.35(br s,3H),1.49-1.57(m,4H),1.72(d,2H,J=8.6Hz),2.08(t,2H,J=10.4Hz),2.89(d,2H,J=10.7Hz),3.19(t,2H,J=7.9Hz),3.64(s,2H),6.03(s,2H),6.42(s,1H),7.15(dd,1H,J=5.2,6.7Hz),7.24(s,1H),7.41(d,1H,J=7.7Hz),7.64(td,1H,J=7.6,1.8Hz),8.55(d,1H,J=4.2Hz);MS(ESI):m/z 406[M+H]+
实施例14:6-[2-[1-(2-吡啶甲基)-4-哌啶基]乙基]螺环[[1,3]二氧杂环戊烯并[4,5-f]异吲哚-7,1'-环丙烷]-5-酮磷酸盐(化合物I)的制备
Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-000038
向50mL反应瓶中加入2g(4.9mmol)式XI化合物、40mL乙醇,60~70°C加热溶解,搅拌下加入0.57g 85%(4.9mmol)磷酸,析出固体,滴加40mL乙酸乙酯,冷却至室温,搅拌1小时,过滤,少量乙酸乙酯洗涤滤饼,烘干得2.3g类白色固体(化合物I,HPLC纯度:99.8%)。收率:92.7%。1H NMR(D2O):δ1.10(t,2H,J=7.2Hz),1.33-1.64(m,7H),1.92(d,2H,J=13.4Hz),2.95-3.09(m,4H),3.46(d,2H,J=10.7Hz),4.34(s,2H),5.89(s,2H),6.20(s,1H),6.69(s,1H),7.45(dd,1H,J=5.2,7.4Hz),7.53(d,1H,J=7.8Hz),7.88(td,1H,J=7.7,1.2Hz),8.54(d,1H,J=4.6Hz)。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种式V化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-100001
  2. 一种制备式V所代表的化合物的方法,所述方法包括:式IV所示的氰基酯在钛酸(四)异丙酯(Ti(Oi-Pr)4)和格氏试剂乙基卤化镁的作用下发生环丙烷内酰胺化,得到式V所示的螺环丙烷内酰胺:
    Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-100002
    其中,R3为C1-C6烷基;X为氯、溴或碘。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的格氏试剂乙基卤化镁为乙基溴化镁。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,反应溶剂选自乙醚、二氯甲烷、甲苯、甲基叔丁基醚或四氢呋喃,优选二氯甲烷。
  5. 如权利要求2-4任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,反应温度控制在0~35℃,优选0~20℃。
  6. 如权利要求2-5任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,式IV所示的化合物与钛酸(四)异丙酯(Ti(Oi-Pr)4)的摩尔比为1:1~3,优选1:1~1.5。
  7. 如权利要求2-6任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,式IV所示的化合物与格氏试剂乙基卤化镁的摩尔比为1:1~5,优选1:2~3。
  8. 如权利要求2-7任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,式IV所示的化合物的制备方法包括:
    步骤1:在溶剂中,胡椒酸在碱的作用下成盐,再在N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)的作用下溴代,得到式II所示的化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-100003
    步骤2:将式II所示的化合物在酸的催化作用下与醇(R3OH)发生酯化反应,得到式III所示的酯:
    Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-100004
    步骤3:式III所示的化合物在氰离子供体的作用下氰化,得到式IV所示的氰基酯:
    Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-100005
    其中,R3为C1-C6烷基。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的方法,其中,
    在步骤1中,反应溶剂选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、水、二氯甲烷或氯仿,优选水;所述的碱选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠或碳酸钾;所述的胡椒酸、碱与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)的摩尔比为1:1.2~2:1.4~2.4;反应温度控制在0~70℃,优选30~45℃;
    在步骤2中,R3为甲基、乙基或异丙基,更优选乙基;所述的酸为浓硫酸;
    在步骤3中,所述的氰离子供体选自金属氰化物,优选氰化亚铜(CuCN)或亚铁氰化钾/碘化亚铜(K4Fe(CN)6/CuI),更优选亚铁氰化钾/碘化亚铜(K4Fe(CN)6/CuI);
    更优选地,式III所示的化合物与碘化亚铜(CuI)的摩尔比为1:1~2,优选1:1.1~1.5;式III所示的化合物与亚铁氰化钾(K4Fe(CN)6)的摩尔比为1:0.15~0.35,优选1:0.18~0.25,反应温度控制在100~160℃,优选120~140℃;反应溶剂选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或N,N-二甲基乙酰胺。
  10. 一种由式V所代表的化合物制备式VII所代表的化合物的方法,所述方法包括:在碱的作用下,式V所示的螺环丙烷内酰胺与式VI所示的化合物偶联,得到式VII所示的化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-100006
    其中,R1为氨基的保护基,优选叔丁氧羰基(Boc);R2为卤素或对甲苯磺酰氧基。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的碱选自氢化钠、叔丁醇钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾或碳酸铯,优选氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾。
  12. 如权利要求10或11所述的方法,其特征在于,式V所示化合物与碱的摩尔比为1:1~3,优选1:1.1~2。
  13. 如权利要求10-12任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,式V所示化合物与式VI所示化合物的摩尔比为1:1~3,优选1:1.1~1.5。
  14. 如权利要求10-13任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,反应溶剂选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜或乙腈,优选二甲基亚砜。
  15. 如权利要求10-14任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,反应温度为25~75℃,优选55~65℃。
  16. 一种制备式(I)所代表的化合物的方法,
    Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-100007
    包括以下步骤:
    (a)在碱的作用下,式V所示的螺环丙烷内酰胺与式VI所示的化合物偶联,得到式VII所示的化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-100008
    其中,R1为氨基的保护基,优选叔丁氧羰基(Boc);R2为卤素或对甲苯磺酰氧基;
    (b)脱除式VII所示的化合物的氨基保护基,得到式VIII所示的化合物或其盐:
    Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-100009
    其中,R1为氨基的保护基,优选叔丁氧羰基(Boc);
    (c)在碱的作用下,式VIII所示的化合物或其盐与式IX所示的化合物或其盐反应,得到式XI所示的化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-100010
    其中,Y为卤素或磺酰氧基;
    (d)式XI所示的化合物与磷酸反应,得到式I化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-100011
  17. 如权利要求16所述的方法,其中,
    在步骤(a)中,所述的碱选自氢化钠、叔丁醇钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾或碳酸铯,优选氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾;式V所示化合物与碱的摩尔比为1:1~3,优选1:1.1~2;式V所示化合物与式VI所示化合物的摩尔比为1:1~3,优选1:1.1~1.5;反应溶剂选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜或乙腈,优选二甲基亚砜,反应温度为25~75℃,优选55~65℃;
    在步骤(b)中,R1为叔丁氧羰基时,在酸性条件下脱除氨基的保护基时,所述的酸选自硫酸、三氟乙酸、氢氟酸或盐酸,优选盐酸;所用的反应溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯或其混合溶剂,优选乙醇与乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂,更优选乙醇与乙酸乙酯体积比为2:3;反应温度控制在20~70℃,优选50~60℃;
    在步骤(c)中,式IX所示的化合物中Y为卤素时,优选为氯、溴或碘;Y为磺酰氧基时,优选为磺酰氧基、对甲苯磺酰氧基或甲磺酰氧基;所述的碱选自碳酸钾、碳酸钠、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾,优选碳酸钾;式VIII所示的化合物与式IX所示的化合物的摩尔比为1:1~3,优选1:1.4~2;式VIII所示的化合物与碱的摩尔比为1:1.5~4,优选1:2~3.5;所用的反应溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、乙腈、水或其混合溶剂,优选乙醇与水的混合溶剂;
    在步骤(d)中,所用的反应溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇,优选乙醇;式XI所示的化合物与磷酸的摩尔比为1:0.95~1.05;反应温度控制在20~80℃,优选60~70℃。
  18. 如权利要求16或17所述的方法,其特征在于,式V所示的化合物通过如下方法制备:
    步骤1:在溶剂中,胡椒酸在碱的作用下成盐,再在N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)的作用下溴代,得到式II所示的化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-100012
    步骤2:将式II所示的化合物在酸的催化作用下与醇(R3OH)发生酯化反应,得到式III所示的酯:
    Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-100013
    步骤3:式III所示的化合物在氰离子供体的作用下氰化,得到式IV所示的氰基酯:
    Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-100014
    步骤4,:式IV所示的氰基酯在钛酸(四)异丙酯(Ti(Oi-Pr)4)和格氏试剂乙基卤化镁的作用下发生环丙烷内酰胺化,得到式V所示的螺环丙烷内酰胺:
    Figure PCTCN2017078389-appb-100015
    其中,R3选自C1-C6烷基;X为氯、溴或碘。
  19. 权利要求1所述的式V化合物在制备式I化合物中的用途。
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