WO2017178662A1 - Procédé de détection et/ou de caractérisation de cellules tumorales et appareil associé - Google Patents
Procédé de détection et/ou de caractérisation de cellules tumorales et appareil associé Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017178662A1 WO2017178662A1 PCT/EP2017/059209 EP2017059209W WO2017178662A1 WO 2017178662 A1 WO2017178662 A1 WO 2017178662A1 EP 2017059209 W EP2017059209 W EP 2017059209W WO 2017178662 A1 WO2017178662 A1 WO 2017178662A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54313—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals the carrier being characterised by its particulate form
- G01N33/54326—Magnetic particles
- G01N33/54333—Modification of conditions of immunological binding reaction, e.g. use of more than one type of particle, use of chemical agents to improve binding, choice of incubation time or application of magnetic field during binding reaction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
- B01L3/502769—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by multiphase flow arrangements
- B01L3/502784—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by multiphase flow arrangements specially adapted for droplet or plug flow, e.g. digital microfluidics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/531—Production of immunochemical test materials
- G01N33/532—Production of labelled immunochemicals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/5436—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals with ligand physically entrapped within the solid phase
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/575—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
- G01N33/5758—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer involving compounds serving as markers for tumours, cancers or neoplasias, e.g. cellular determinants, receptors, heat shock/stress proteins, A-protein, oligosaccharides or metabolites
- G01N33/57595—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer involving compounds serving as markers for tumours, cancers or neoplasias, e.g. cellular determinants, receptors, heat shock/stress proteins, A-protein, oligosaccharides or metabolites involving intracellular compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
- B01L2200/06—Fluid handling related problems
- B01L2200/0673—Handling of plugs of fluid surrounded by immiscible fluid
Definitions
- the present invention is in the field of biological diagnosis in oncology. It relates to a method and apparatus for detecting and / or characterizing tumor cells by detecting one or more elements of the tumor cell secretome, in particular one or more peptides or proteins, and in particular one or more tumor markers.
- the invention also relates to detection and / or characterization drops of tumor cells and their method of preparation.
- EPISPOT epidermal Immunospot
- Epithelial Immunospot A method for detecting circulating tumor cells commonly designated by the acronym EPISPOT, for the English term “Epithelial Immunospot”, is known from the prior art, in particular EP 1 506 407.
- This technique allows the detection of circulating tumor cells. in a biological sample of a patient with solid cancer, by detecting tumor markers released by these cells. It implements the deposition of cells on a solid culture surface, more particularly 96-well plates, at a rate of 2.10 5 cells per well, an antibody specific for a tumor marker of interest being fixed on this culture surface. solid, followed by the culture of these cells, then the washing out of the cells and the detection of the tumor marker of interest by a labeled specific antibody.
- the resolution obtained by such a method is limited. Indeed, in the same well, the detected proteins come from different cells. It is difficult to know which cell secreted what. The signal does not provide information on cell heterogeneity. In addition, it is difficult to recover cells to analyze their genotype.
- the present invention aims to provide a more accurate and reliable detection method.
- WO 2009/01 1808 A1 describes a method for determining an activity for fixing a protein within a droplet.
- the presence of a single ball of significant size per drop is not favorable to the resolution of the method. Indeed, the secondary antibodies are distributed over the entire surface of the ball. The dynamic range of the process is therefore limited by the external surface available per ball.
- An object of the invention is to provide a more reliable and more sensitive method of analysis than existing methods allowing the analysis of the secretome of living cells, either singly or in the form of an aggregate, for detecting and / or characterizing cells.
- tumor cells and in particular single tumor cells or aggregates of tumor cells.
- the subject of the invention is a method for detecting and / or characterizing tumor cells, comprising:
- a plurality of drops contained in a carrier fluid at least one of the drops comprising at least one particle aggregate defining an elongate object along a main axis, at least some drops containing a cell capable of producing at least one element target of the secretome of a tumor cell adapted to attach to the aggregate;
- the method for detecting and / or characterizing tumor cells comprises:
- the drops comprising a plurality of particles capable of forming an aggregate of particles defining an elongate object along a main axis, at least some drops containing a cell;
- the cell incubating the plurality of drops under conditions and for a time sufficient so that, in the drops containing a cell, the cell is capable of producing at least one target element of the secretome of a tumor cell, capable of being fixed on the aggregate;
- each physical parameter being characteristic of the fixation of a distinct target element of the secretome of a tumor cell on the aggregate
- the detection and / or characterization of tumor cells from the measurement of said at least one physical parameter.
- Said cell is a single cell or an aggregate of cells, in particular an aggregate suspected to be an aggregate of tumor cells.
- the aggregates of tumor cells are of oligoclonal origin and result from the adhesion, or grouping, of several primary tumor cells.
- Aggregates of tumor cells can typically contain 2 to 15 tumor cells. They consist essentially of tumor cells, but may also contain other types of cells, such as leukocytes, platelets, in limited numbers.
- the method according to the invention therefore relates in particular to a method for detecting and / or characterizing single tumor cells comprising:
- a carrier fluid comprising at least one of the drops comprising at least one particle aggregate defining an elongated object along a main axis, at least some drops containing a single cell;
- single-cell-containing drop is meant that the drop comprises a single cell.
- single tumor cell-containing drop is meant that the drop comprises a single cell which is a tumor cell.
- a tumor cell is not a cell created by artificial fusion of a tumor cell with another cell, such as a hybridoma.
- the method is intended to determine the presence of drops, or even to select drops, comprising a single cell whose secretome comprises a particular target element, this target element being a molecule of the secretome of a tumor cell, and in particular a tumor marker.
- the secretome of a cell is the set of elements (organic or inorganic molecules, such as proteins, peptides, carbohydrates, lipids, or nucleic acids, or vesicles) present in the conditioned medium of a cell in culture.
- elements organic or inorganic molecules, such as proteins, peptides, carbohydrates, lipids, or nucleic acids, or vesicles
- secretome refers in a particular sense to the portion of the proteome (i.e., all the proteins and peptides expressed by the cell) that is present in the conditioned medium of a cell in culture.
- CA15-3 CA15
- CA 125 CA 125
- ACE angiotensin converting enzyme
- cathepsin D alphafoetoprotein
- S100 protein FGF-2 or EGF
- EGF EGF
- the HER2, EGFR (Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor) or MUC 1 markers are cleaved proteins; or - released by the cell.
- the released molecules are, for example, non-membrane proteins secreted by the cell by different routes from the secretory pathways, for example by budding, such as the protein CK 19 (Cytokeratin 19).
- Exosomes are also part of the secretome of tumor cells. These are vesicles consisting of a lipid bilayer membrane surrounding a small cytosol.
- the cytosol of the exosomes may comprise proteins, double-stranded DNA, but also RNA (in particular mRNA, miRNA). Exosomes would allow tumor cells to transfer oncogenic proteins and / or nucleic acids to modulate the activity of recipient cells, thereby playing a role in tumorigenicity, tumor growth, metastatic processes and drug resistance.
- the method according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following characteristics, taken separately or in any technically possible combination:
- the particles are magnetic particles, advantageously paramagnetic, preferably superparamagnetic;
- the step of providing the drops comprises:
- the target element is an element of the secretome of a tumor cell
- the target element is a peptide or protein of the secretome of a tumor cell
- the target element is a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), in particular a miRNA of a tumor cell;
- the target element is an exosome of a tumor cell
- the drops comprise a producing entity capable of producing the target element, the producing entity being a single tumor cell or an aggregate of tumor cells, and in particular a single circulating tumor cell (CTC), a disseminated tumor cell; (DTC), or an aggregate of CTCs or DTCs;
- the method comprises, before the measuring step, a step of orienting the main axis of the aggregate along a detection axis; ix) the method comprises multiple measurement steps, with a step of orienting the main axis of the aggregate according to a different detection axis for each of the measurements;
- the method comprises:
- the method comprises:
- a device comprising a set of circulation of the drop and a plurality of filing zones, and a means of directing the drop or part of the drop selectively towards a filing zone
- the decision to classify the drop or part of the drop the decision of selectively selecting a classification zone from the plurality of classification zones
- At least one drop comprises at least one target element, at least one capture element capable of capturing the target element and at least one signaling entity capable of forming a complex with the target element, possibly captured by the element capture method, the method comprising measuring a signal indicating relocation or concentration of said at least one signaling entity on the aggregate;
- At least one drop comprises at least one target element, at least one first signaling entity capable of forming a complex with the target element and at least one second distinct signaling entity capable of forming a complex with the target element, the method comprising measuring a signal indicating the concentration of each of the relocated signaling entities on the aggregate;
- At least one drop comprises at least one target element, at least one signaling entity capable of forming a complex with the target element and at least one quantization entity capable of forming a complex with the target element, the method comprising :
- At least one drop comprises at least two distinct signaling entities, each of the two signaling entities being able to form a complex with a distinct target element on the aggregate, the method comprising measuring a signal indicating the concentration of each of the relocated signaling entities;
- the drops comprise a producing entity, the producing entity being a cell capable of producing an element of the secretome of a tumor cell, each member of the secretome of a tumor cell being a separate target element, the measurement of the signal indicating the concentration of each of the relocated signaling entities allowing quantification of the secretome element (s);
- the measurement of a physical parameter is a measure of radioactivity, colorimetry or fluorescence
- At least one of the drops comprises a cell capable of secreting the target element and the method comprises an incubation step during which the target element is secreted into the drop by the cell;
- the method comprises a step of measuring a physical parameter, locally at a first point located away from the aggregate in at least one of the drops and the same physical parameter, locally at a second point in the vicinity of the aggregate in the same drop;
- the maximum particle size is less than 50% of the drop diameter
- the drop contains at least one signaling entity, and the measurement of the physical parameter depends on the position of the signaling entity within the drop or with respect to the aggregate;
- the producer entity produces a plurality of target elements selected from the group consisting of the elements, and in particular the proteins and peptides, of the secretome of a tumor cell;
- the method includes a step of determining at least one characteristic of the producing entity
- the classification decision step takes place after the measurement step
- the drop contains superparamagnetic particles, the drop or part of the drop is directed towards the grading zone by a selected means of direction from a magnetic field, an electric field, a dielectrophoresis, an electrocoalescence or a surface acoustic wave;
- a part of the drop is extracted by means of the magnetic force, the extracted part forming an auxiliary drop and containing the aggregate;
- the particles are functionalized with a capture element adapted to fix the target element and each drop comprises a signaling entity adapted to fix the target element;
- the signaling entity is fluorescent, radioactive or colored
- the measurement of a physical parameter is a measurement of chromometry, fluorescence or radioactivity
- the measurement of the physical parameter includes the location of a fluorescence, chromometric or radioactivity signal within the drop;
- the measurement of the physical parameter comprises the location of a fluorescence signal of chromometry or of radioactivity with respect to the aggregate, within the drop;
- the measurement of the physical parameter includes measuring the intensity of a fluorescence, chromometric or radioactivity signal within the drop, preferably at the level of the aggregate;
- the measurement of the physical parameter comprises the variation over time of the location and / or intensity of a fluorescence, chromometric or radioactivity signal within the drop, preferably at the level of the aggregate ;
- each drop comprises at least two distinct signaling entities, each of the two signaling entities being able to form a complex with a distinct target element on the aggregate, each signaling entity being fluorescent in a separate fluorescence channel;
- the cell is a tumor cell, in particular a single tumor cell or an aggregate of tumor cells;
- the cell in particular the single cell or the cell aggregate, is derived from a biological fluid and is selected from the group consisting of a circulating tumor cell and a disseminated tumor cell;
- the measuring step comprises the measurement of said at least one physical parameter locally at a plurality of points situated in the drop, the measuring step preferably comprising the determination of the integral of the measured values within the drop;
- the measuring step is carried out in a microfluidic chamber without circulation of the drops; xxxix) the method comprises:
- a device comprising a set of circulation of the drop and a plurality of filing zones, and a means of directing the drop or part of the drop selectively towards a filing zone
- the decision to classify the drop or part of the drop the decision of selectively selecting a classification zone from the plurality of classification zones
- At least one drop comprises at least two distinct signaling entities, each of the two signaling entities being capable of forming a complex with a distinct target element on the aggregate, the method comprising measuring a signal indicating the concentration of each of the relocated signaling entities;
- the drops comprise a single or aggregate cell capable of secreting, cleaving or releasing one or more elements of the tumor cell secretome, each element of the tumor cell secretome being a separate target element, the measuring the signal indicating the concentration of each of the relocated signaling entities allowing quantification of the elements or elements of the tumor cell secretome.
- the invention also relates to an apparatus for detecting and / or characterizing tumor cells, either singly or in the form of an aggregate of tumor cells, comprising:
- a set of supplying a plurality of drops contained in a carrier fluid at least one of the drops comprising at least one aggregate of particles defining an elongate object along a main axis, at least some drops containing a single tumor cell or under a single form of an aggregate of cells, capable of producing a target element adapted to be fixed on the aggregate,
- the apparatus comprises a set of measurement of a physical parameter characteristic of setting a target element on the aggregate
- the apparatus optionally further comprising:
- the subject of the invention is also a drop of detection and / or characterization of tumor cells, either single or in the form of an aggregate of tumor cells, comprising a plurality of particles capable of forming an aggregate of particles defining an elongated object according to a main axis, and a tumor cell, unique or in the form of an aggregate of tumor cells, and optionally at least one target element of the tumor cell secretome, which is unique in the form of an aggregate of tumor cells, capable of being fixed on the aggregate.
- the subject of the invention is also a process for the preparation of detection drops and / or characterization of tumor cells, unique or in the form of an aggregate of tumor cells, comprising:
- dispersing in a mass of fluid intended to form drops, particles suitable for forming an aggregate defining an object elongated along a main axis, and a plurality of cells, at least some cells being tumor cells capable of producing a target element of the secretome of a tumor cell and then
- each drop comprises a plurality of particles and at least some of the drops comprise, in addition, a single cell or in the form of an aggregate, and
- each drop of at least one particle aggregate defining an elongate object along a major axis optionally forming in each drop of at least one particle aggregate defining an elongate object along a major axis, the particle aggregate being formed in each drop after the dispersion.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the main elements of a first analysis apparatus according to the invention
- FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are diagrammatic representations of a process step with the first apparatus
- FIGS. 4 to 7 are photographs of part of a second apparatus according to the invention during different process steps according to the invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of a third apparatus according to the invention, Figures 9 and 10 show sets of spacing drops and reading,
- FIGS. 11 and 12 represent devices for generating drops
- FIG. 13 is a schematic representation of a droplet during a step of implementing a method
- FIGS 14 to 26 illustrate examples of application of the method.
- a first apparatus 1 for analyzing the droplet content and for detecting and / or characterizing tumor cells, which are unique or in the form of an aggregate of tumor cells, according to the invention is represented in FIG.
- the apparatus 1 comprises a supply assembly 4 of a plurality of drops 6 contained in a carrier fluid 8, at least a portion of the drops 6 comprising at least one aggregate 10 of particles 12 defining an elongate object along a main axis X.
- An elongated object is an object having an elongated shape.
- An elongated shape has, along the main axis, a length greater than its length in a direction perpendicular to the main axis.
- a sphere is not elongated.
- an oblong object, a cone, a rod or a non-spherical ovoid have elongated shapes.
- the apparatus 1 further comprises a measuring assembly 14 of a physical parameter in the drop.
- the measurement unit 14 is, for example, able to measure a physical parameter, locally at a first point 16 located away from the aggregate 10 in at least one of the drops and the same physical parameter locally. in a second point 18 in the vicinity of the aggregate 10 in the same drop.
- the apparatus 1 also comprises a device 20 comprising a circulation assembly 22, a circulation conduit 24 and a detection zone 26.
- the circulating assembly 22 is able to circulate each drop 6 in the carrier fluid 8 in the conduit 24 in the form of a train of successive drops.
- the supply assembly 4 comprises a loading assembly 28 and an aggregation assembly 30.
- the supply assembly 4 further comprises a spacer assembly 31.
- the loading assembly 28 is able to provide a plurality of initial drops 32 comprising a dispersion of particles 12, at least one of the initial drops 32 further comprising at least one target element 37 of the secretome of a tumor cell 90.
- the spacing assembly 31 is able to space two successive drops 6 of the drop train, that is to say to increase the distance between two successive drops.
- the spacer assembly 31 has a carrier fluid inlet 8. Examples of the set of spacings are shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.
- the carrier fluid 8 is able to separate two successive drops 6 of the drop train to prevent their contact.
- the separation of drops 6 is performed by a mechanical device.
- the fluid forming the internal phase of the drops 6 and the carrier fluid 8 are substantially immiscible.
- the drops 6 comprise an aqueous internal phase and the carrier fluid 8 is an organic or oily phase.
- the carrier fluid 8 is advantageously a fluorinated oil.
- the carrier fluid 8 or the fluid forming the internal phase of the drops advantageously comprises a surfactant capable of preventing the fusion of two drops 6 in contact, for example as described in US Patent 2010/01051 12 or surfactant EA from RainDance Technologies.
- substantially immiscible is generally meant that the solubility of the fluid forming the drops in the carrier fluid 8, measured at 25 ° C and at ambient pressure, is less than 1%.
- the size of the drops 6 is, for example, between 1 ⁇ and 1000 ⁇ .
- the volume of the drops 6 is advantageously between 0.1 picolitre and 1 microliter.
- the drops 6 provided are substantially monodisperse. This means that the polydispersity of the drops 6 is less than 5%.
- the drops 6 are spherical. In a variant, the drops
- the drops 6 are of elongated shape along the Y circulation axis of the conduit 24.
- the drops 6 are of flattened puck shape along an axis perpendicular to the Y circulation axis. Composition of the drops
- Each initial drop 32 comprises a base fluid, a dispersion of solid particles 12 in the base fluid and a plurality of signaling entities 34.
- at least one initial drop 32 comprises a cell 90, preferably a single tumor cell. or an aggregate of tumor cells, and optionally at least one target element 37 of the tumor cell secretome.
- the volume of a drop 6 is advantageously between 0.1 picolitre and 1 microliter.
- the volume of a cell is about 1 picoliter.
- a drop volume of between 20 and 150 picoliters for example 20 to 50 picoliters, or 30 to 40 picoliters, for single cells, or even 30 to 40 picoliters, will be advantageously chosen. from 60 to 150 picoliters, or from 80 to 120 picoliters, in particular for cell aggregates.
- the analysis of single cells and aggregates can be done simultaneously or sequentially.
- droplet volumes adapted to be able to encapsulate the cell aggregates (for example from 60 to 150 picoliters, typically about 100 ⁇ l).
- an integrated separation system (with techniques as described in Sajeesh and Sen, Microfluidics and Nanofluidics 2014, 17, 1-52) can be used to separate single cells and cell aggregates, followed by encapsulation separate single cells on the one hand, and cell aggregates on the other.
- the single cells and cell aggregates are encapsulated in drops of small volumes (e.g., 20 to 50 picoliters), and the cell aggregates are sorted, and volume is added to the drops containing the cell aggregates in a second time.
- small volumes e.g. 20 to 50 picoliters
- the separation of the single cells and cell aggregates can also be done prior to the implementation of the invention, and the single cells and cell aggregates are then analyzed sequentially and separately.
- the drop initially comprises the cell in the base fluid, typically a medium adapted to the culture of mammalian cells (and in particular of human cells) such as DMEM or RPMI, the base fluid then being devoid of elements of the secretome of the cell.
- the secretome elements accumulate over time, in the base fluid, by secretion, cleavage or release from the single cell.
- the base fluid is adapted so that a single cell or aggregate of cells in the droplet is capable of producing at least one target element of the secretome of a tumor cell, capable of binding to the aggregate, particularly when the single cell is a tumor cell or when the cell aggregate contains or consists of tumor cells.
- each tumor cell 90 unique or in the form of a cluster of cells, encapsulated in a droplet is capable of producing a target element 37.
- the tumor cells 90 secrete, cleave or release secretome elements such as proteins or peptides, in particular proteins or peptides that mark the tumor.
- Tumor cells unique or in the form of a aggregates of cells, including circulating tumor cells or disseminated tumor cells.
- the particles 12 are intended to form the elongated aggregate 10.
- the particles 12 are superparamagnetic particles that acquire a magnetic moment at the application of a magnetic field.
- Superparamagnetism is a behavior of ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic materials that occurs when they are in the form of small grains or nanoparticles. In grains of sufficiently small size, the magnetization can be reversed spontaneously under the influence of temperature.
- the term "magnetic particles" in the text refers to superparamagnetic particles.
- the magnetic particles 12 are, for example, chosen from particles provided by the company Dynal (Life Technologies) or Ademtech or Miltenyi.
- the particles 12 are for example nanometric. Thus, their maximum dimension is less than 1 ⁇ and is for example between 50 nm and 1000 nm.
- the particles 12 are advantageously substantially monodisperse. For example, the variation between the maximum dimensions of the particles 12 is strictly less than 10%.
- the size and number of particles 12 per drop 6 are chosen to form the desired number of aggregates.
- the maximum particle size 12 is less than 50% of the diameter of the drop 6.
- the concentration of particles 12 allows a colloidal stability.
- the concentration of particles 12 by drops 6 is such that the particles 12 occupy between 0.1% and 5% of the volume of the drop 6, for example 1.7%.
- each drop of 33 picoliters contains on average 500 particles 12 of 300 nm in diameter.
- the particles 12 initially form a homogeneous dispersion in the initial drops 32. They are distributed substantially uniformly in the volume of the initial drop 32. Thus, the concentration of particles 12 is homogeneous over the entire initial drop 32.
- the particles 12 advantageously have a surface for coupling biological molecules, consisting of a surface material.
- the particles 12 are covered with a polymer having COOH or NH 2 functions.
- this surface material also makes it possible to limit the spontaneous aggregation of the particles 12 in the drop.
- the particles 12 are advantageously functionalized. This means in particular that the surface material of the particles 12 comprises functional elements.
- the functional elements comprise a capture element 36.
- the capture element 36 is, for example, able to capture the target element 37.
- the capture element 36 is able to bind indirectly to the target element 37. signaling entity 34 via the target element 37.
- the target element 37 secreted or released by the tumor cell, alone or in the form of an aggregate, or cleaved from the tumor cell, alone or in the form of an aggregate, is recognized by both the capture elements 36 particles 12 and signaling entities 34.
- the capture elements 36 are advantageously constituted by a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody (in multiple copies) directed against, or specific of the target element 37.
- the capture elements 36 are advantageously constituted by a nucleic acid (in multiple copies) hybridizing to the target nucleic acid, preferably a nucleic acid comprising or consisting of a sequence complementary to the sequence of the target nucleic acid.
- the capture nucleic acid is typically a DNA sequence, consisting for example of 10 to 200, 10 to 100, 10 to 50, or 10 to 30 nucleotides.
- the capture elements 36 are advantageously constituted by antibodies directed against a protein present in the membrane, or by lipids or sterols immobilized on a solid surface, for example particles, as described in FIG. Kuhn et al. (Integr Biol, 2012, 4, 1550-1555).
- the label may typically be a radioelement, a chromophore compound, a fluorophore, or an enzyme coupled directly or indirectly to the antibody or nucleic acid.
- the presence of these target elements 37 in the drop 6 allows the relocation of the signaling entities 34 to the aggregate 10, as will be described later.
- the single cell is not a tumor cell
- the cell aggregate does not contain a tumor cell, or when the single cell or cell aggregate does not produce, or not in sufficient quantity, the target element 37 of the tumor cell secretome, the signaling entities 34 do not relocate on the aggregate 10.
- the relocation of the signaling entities 34 to the aggregate thus makes it possible to detect that the cell, alone or in the form of an aggregate, secretes, cleaves or relaxes the target element 37 and therefore:
- the cell characterize that the cell is a tumor cell if the target element is a specific marker of the tumor cells or of a tumor cell type, and / or
- the target element 37 is part of the secretome of the cell.
- different signal entities and different different catch elements are associated. Their relocation is detected independently by different signaling entities and different capture elements, for example on different fluorescence channels.
- Each relocation of a distinct signaling entity 34 associated with a distinct target element makes it possible to detect that the cell secretes, cleaves or relays the associated target element 37.
- the aggregate assembly 30 is capable of generating an aggregation of the particles 12 along a main axis X.
- the aggregation assembly 30 comprises, for example, two magnets 38 located on either side of the duct 24.
- the magnetic field is non-parallel to the circulation axis Y and advantageously perpendicular to the circulation axis Y.
- the aggregate assembly 30 allows the formation of an elongated aggregate in each drop 6.
- the magnets 38 are permanent.
- the aggregation assembly 30 comprises a non-permanent magnet.
- the aggregation set 30 is able to switch from an active mode to an inactive mode to generate elongated aggregates in only some drops.
- Each aggregate 10 of particles 12 comprises for example a column oriented along a main axis X.
- the height of the column is advantageously between 50% and 100% of the diameter of the drop 6. Its width is, for example, less than 60% of its height.
- the aggregate assembly 30 is, for example, able to orient the aggregate along a preferred axis.
- the axis X of the aggregate 12 is perpendicular to the circulation axis Y of the drops 6 in the circulation duct 24.
- the measuring assembly 14 comprises for example a laser line capable of optically measuring the intensity of the fluorescence along a line extending along an axis X 'perpendicular or inclined with respect to the axis of circulation Y.
- the measuring assembly 14 is able to perform the measurement within the drop in the detection zone 26.
- the axis X 'of the laser line is advantageously parallel to the axis of the aggregate X in the detection zone 26.
- the measurement as a function of time of the signal obtained by the laser line corresponds to a spatial scan of the drop 6 passing in front of the laser line. This makes it possible to successively take several measurement points and in particular at least a first measurement point 16 located away from the aggregate 10 and a second measurement point 18 located closer to the aggregate 10, in the vicinity of the aggregate 10.
- the signaling entity 34 is fluorescent.
- the circulation duct 24 is intended to allow the circulation of the drops 6, 32 along the circulation axis Y in a direction of flow going from the supply assembly 4 to the measuring assembly 14.
- the circulation duct 24 advantageously has an internal diameter less than or equal to 1 mm.
- the circulation duct 24 is elongated along the circulation axis Y.
- the circulation duct 24 has an inner cross section of rounded contour such as circular or elliptical, or of polygonal contour such as rectangular.
- the circulation duct 24 is for example defined in a translucent material allowing measurement of optical parameters by the measuring assembly 14.
- the circulation duct 24 defines at least one transparent measurement window in the detection zone 26.
- the walls of the circulation duct 24 are sealed to the carrier fluid 8.
- the circulation duct 24 is defined in a capillary tube of internal dimension advantageously less than 1 mm.
- the circulation duct 24 is defined in a microfluidic chip.
- the set of circulation drops 22 is intended to move one by one the drops 6, 32 in the conduit 24 in the direction of circulation.
- the circulation assembly 22 comprises, for example, a syringe driver making it possible to apply controlled flow rates to the carrier fluid 8.
- the circulation assembly 22 comprises a pressure controller. Analysis method with the first device
- the particles 12 are homogeneously dispersed in each initial drop 32.
- each initial drop 32 contains a high number of individual particles 12, for example greater than 10. The probability of obtaining an initial drop 32 devoid of particles 12 is very low, or even zero.
- Some drops 6 comprise a single tumor cell 90 secreting, releasing or cleaving the target element 37.
- the signaling entities 34 are dispersed homogeneously in each initial drop 32.
- bonds are formed between the elements having particular affinities.
- each target element 37 binds to a signaling entity 34 and a capture element 36.
- the signaling entity 34 is thus relocated to a particle 12.
- located entities are understood to mean the entities linked to the aggregate 10.
- the initial drops 32 are circulated together with the carrier fluid 8 in the conduit 24 by the circulation assembly 22.
- At least one initial drop 32 is conducted to the aggregation assembly 30.
- An aggregate 10 of particles 12 defining an elongate object along a major axis X is formed by the aggregation assembly 30 in the initial drop 32.
- the particles 12 are magnetic particles, they align along the main axis X during their passage opposite each magnet 38 of the aggregation assembly 30.
- the drop 6 comprising the elongate object is led to the detection zone 26.
- a physical parameter is measured locally by the measuring assembly 14 in at least a first point 16 in at least one of the drops 6.
- a physical parameter is measured locally by the measuring assembly 14 in at least one first point 16 in at least one of the drops 6 and the same physical parameter is measured locally in at least one second point 18 at the neighborhood of the aggregate 10 in the same drop 6 by the measuring assembly 14.
- FIG. 2 represents by way of illustration different measurements obtained for different drops 6.
- the graph represents the fluorescence intensity measured by the laser line as a function of time.
- the fluorescence intensity is measured in a wavelength range characteristic of the signaling entity 34.
- the fluorescence intensity is furthermore measured in a wavelength range characteristic of the particles 12, the particles 12 being fluorescent.
- the aggregate 10 is thus more easily identifiable.
- the fluorescence intensity 40 corresponding to the fluorescence of the signaling entity 34 measured on the laser line is shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2 for different drops 6.
- the fluorescence intensity 41 corresponding to the fluorescence of the particles 12 is presented in full lines in FIG. 2 for different drops 6.
- the measuring step includes determining the physical parameter locally at a plurality of points in the drop. It also advantageously comprises an accumulation of the measured values in a plurality of points, for example the determination of the integral of the measured values within the drop 6.
- the first drop 42 shown is a drop 6 in which the different signaling entities 34 have not been relocated to the particles 12.
- the distribution of the signaling entities 34 is homogeneous within the drop 6.
- a signal intensity of fluorescence in the form of a plate 44 is measured.
- the second drop 48 shown is a drop 6 in which part of the signaling entities 34 has been relocated to the particles 12.
- signaling 34 are linked to a target element 37 captured by the capture element 36.
- the fluorescence intensity in the vicinity of the aggregate 10 is therefore greater than in the rest of the drop 6.
- a fluorescence intensity signal having a peak 50 in addition to a plateau 52 is measured.
- the height of the plate 52 of the second drop 48 is smaller than the height of the plate 44 of the first drop 42 because fewer sign entities 34 are free from the aggregate 10.
- the third drop 56 shown is a drop 6 in which a larger proportion of the signaling entities 34 has been relocated to the aggregate.
- a fluorescence intensity signal having a peak 58 and a plateau 59.
- the height of the peak 58 measured is greater than the height of the peak 50 measured in the second drop 48 because more signaling entities 34 are captured by the particles. 12 and are therefore located in the vicinity of the aggregate 10.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the choice of parameters that are useful for estimating the concentration of relocated signaling entities 34.
- Figure 3 which represents the signal S in the course of time t, we see three drops containing a (left and right) or two aggregates (in the center) which have a higher signal peak.
- the useful parameter may be the maximum of the signal (indicated Max) or the integral of the signal with respect to a given threshold (Int).
- a first method consists in estimating this concentration by the maximum value of the signal (Max) in each drop 6, that is to say the height of the signal peaks relocated on the aggregate.
- a second, more precise method consists in calculating the integral of the signals (Int) for each drop 6 beyond a threshold set by the user, as represented for example in FIG. more interesting to limit the dispersion of the signal.
- Both of these signal processing methods can be performed in real time. Other methods, for example combining these approaches, could be applied, for example to measure both the relocated and non-relocated signaling entity 34.
- the invention also makes it possible to measure the concentration of the target element 37 in the drop 6.
- the capture element 36 is in sufficient quantity and of sufficient affinity for the target element 37 to capture at least more than 90% of the target element on the aggregate, advantageously all of it;
- the concentration of the signaling entity 34 is greater than that of the target element 37 and the dissociation constant Kd between the signaling entity 34 and the target element 37 is lower than the concentration of the target element 37 advantageously by a factor greater than 10. This is typically the case when using optimized assay reagents such as subnanomolar Kd monoclonal antibodies, and it is desired to detect target element concentrations 37 greater than nanomolar.
- “Nanomolar” is understood to mean 1 nanomole / L.
- each target element 37 gives rise to the formation of a capture element complex 36 - target element 37 - signaling entity 34.
- the concentration of the target element 37 is therefore proportional to the signal of the target element 37.
- the signaling entity 34 relocated on the aggregate 10.
- Other conditions make it possible to perform this quantification and will be obvious to those skilled in the art by modifying the concentrations and affinities of the capture elements 36, or signaling entities 34 for the target element 37.
- the target element is a specific marker of the secretome of a tumor cell, its detection may be sufficient to detect encapsulated single or aggregated tumor cells.
- the target element is a characteristic marker of the secretome of a tumor cell, but not specific to the tumor cells, its detection in combination with one or more other target elements constituting characteristic markers of the secretome of a tumor cell can make it possible to detect that the single encapsulated cell is a tumor cell.
- This information makes it possible to know which drops must be retrieved downstream for other measurements or uses.
- the method thus makes it possible to detect isolated tumor cells from a biological sample comprising heterogeneous cells.
- Non-tumor cells or tumor cells that do not produce the target element are identified because their drop does not contain the target element and the signaling entities have not been relocated.
- This method thus makes it possible to detect or even count tumor cells in a population of cells from a biological sample.
- the measurement of the target element can make it possible to obtain information relating to the production of the target element by the single tumor cell, for example at its concentration.
- the aggregate of encapsulated cells contains one or more tumor cells
- measurement of the target element can make it possible to obtain information relating to the production of the target element by the aggregate of cells, for example at its concentration.
- information is obtained on one or more characteristics of each tumor cell encapsulated in the drop, or of each aggregate containing one or more tumor cells encapsulated in the drop.
- This information makes it possible to obtain information on the heterogeneity or the properties of the tumor cells.
- information can be obtained both on the tumor nature of the cell and on characteristics of the tumor cell, for example by detecting the target element and measuring its concentration.
- target elements are tumor markers and other elements of the secretome, such as proteins or peptides, which are not specifically tumor markers.
- This information makes it possible to obtain information on the heterogeneity of the tumor cells and various mechanisms.
- FIGS 4 to 7 illustrate a portion of a second apparatus 60 according to the invention.
- This second apparatus 60 differs from the first apparatus 1 in that the device 20 comprises a chamber 62.
- the chamber 62 comprises a plurality of circulation passages 64 and a plurality of separation pads 66. Other rooms are possible.
- chambers do not comprise separation pads as described in document PCT / FR2009 / 051396.
- the chamber 62 is intended to store a plurality of drops 6 in a carrier fluid 8 during an aggregation step or an orientation step and during the measurement step.
- the measuring assembly of the second apparatus 60 differs from the measuring assembly 14 of the first apparatus 1 in that it is able to measure the physical parameter simultaneously on several drops 6 present in the chamber 62.
- FIG. 4 shows the chamber 62 containing initial drops 32 in a carrier fluid 8. The dispersion of the magnetic particles 12 is visible.
- Figure 5 shows the same chamber 62 after the formation of the aggregates 10 in the drops. A plurality of elongated aggregates is formed in each drop 6.
- Figure 6 shows in the same device 60 a plurality of drops 6 having elongated aggregates. The nature and amount of drops 6 have been adjusted so that only one elongate aggregate is present per drop. The presence of a single aggregate 10 per drop 6 facilitates the measurement.
- FIG. 7 shows the same chamber 62 after a step of orienting the aggregates along the same detection axis D. Analysis method with the second apparatus
- the analysis method according to the invention from this second apparatus 60 differs from the method previously described in that the measurement is performed on the plurality of drops 6 simultaneously, for example by measuring throughout the chamber 62 at the same time, and not by circulation of the drops 6 in front of a detector.
- An advantage of this method is that it is possible to repeat the measurement of the physical parameter on the same droplet over time, since the drops are stationary, and thus be able to determine the kinetics of secretion of an element of the secretome.
- the method also differs in that it comprises, before the measuring step, a step of orienting the main axis X of the aggregate 10 along a detection axis D.
- the detection axes it will be possible to multiply the detection axes, by applying magnetic fields of variable orientation.
- This approach has the advantage of making it possible to discriminate the aggregate 10 from other non-magnetic droplet objects, or to reduce parasitic signals.
- the background fluorescence can be reduced.
- the detection according to different axes makes it possible to distinguish a relocation of the signaling entity 34 on an aggregate 10 of a relocation of the signaling entity 34 to another object of the drop 6, for example on a cell.
- An implementation of this idea consists in applying a magnetic field B1 to align the main axis X of the aggregate 10 in a first orientation D1, then to apply a magnetic field B2 perpendicular to B1 to align the main axis X of the aggregate 10 according to a second orientation D2 perpendicular to D1.
- a third apparatus 70 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 8.
- This third apparatus 70 differs from the first apparatus 1 in that it further comprises a classification unit 72.
- the third apparatus 70 differs from the first apparatus 1 in that the loading assembly 28 includes an inlet zone 74 of the inner phase and an inlet region of the carrier fluid 76 and a junction zone 78. loading assembly 28 further comprises an incubation zone 79.
- the input zone of the internal phase 74 comprises a first input duct 80, a second input duct 82 and a co-flow duct 84.
- the first inlet duct 80 is intended for introducing the first mass of fluid 86 intended to form part of the internal phase of the drops.
- the first internal fluid mass comprises the particles 12 and a plurality of signaling entities 34.
- the second inlet duct 82 is intended for the entry of the second fluid mass 88 intended to form part of the internal phase of the drops.
- the second internal fluid mass comprises a suspension of cells capable of containing producing tumor cells 90 of the target element 37.
- the concentration of the cells 90 in the second mass of fluid is advantageously such that a large proportion of drops contain only one cell 90, for example more than 10% of the drops contains a cell 90.
- the co-flow duct 84 allows a distribution of the two fluid masses 86, 88 intended to form the internal phase.
- the inlet zone of the carrier fluid 76 is intended for the inlet of the carrier fluid 8.
- the carrier fluid 8 enters through two inlet conduits 92.
- the junction zone 78 joins the inlet zone of the carrier fluid 76 and the inlet zone of the internal phase 74. In particular, the junction zone joins the co-flow conduit 84 to the inlet conduits 92 of the fluid carrier.
- the junction zone 78 is capable of forming the initial drops 32.
- the junction zone 78 shown here is a hydrodynamic focusing junction. Examples of hydrodynamic focusing junctions are illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12. As a variant, the initial drops 32 are formed in a T junction.
- the initial drops 32 comprising a mixture of the two fluid masses 86
- the initial drops 32 comprise a dispersion of particles 12 and signaling entities 34.
- At least some initial drops 32 further comprise a single cell 90 or in the form of an aggregate of cells.
- the incubation zone 79 is situated downstream of the junction zone 78.
- the incubation zone is intended to allow the secretion of the target element 37 by the single cells 90 or in the form of cell aggregates.
- the chip comprises means for supplying or exchanging oxygen in the incubation zone 79.
- the incubation is performed outside the device 20.
- the third apparatus 70 also differs in that the device 20 further comprises a plurality of grading zones 94, 96 and a direction means 98 of the drop or part of the drop selectively to a grading zone 94, 96.
- the classification zones 94, 96 are situated downstream of the detection zone 26.
- the conduit 24 comprises a bifurcation 100 in two output conduits 102, 104.
- the first classification zone 94 comprises the first output conduit 102 intended to receive a first group of drops 106.
- the second classification zone 96 comprises the second outlet duct 104 intended to receive a second group of drops 108.
- the device 20 comprises a larger number of classification zones 94, 96 depending on the number of sorting criteria.
- the direction means 98 selectively drops is for example able to direct a drop 6 to a classification area 94, 96 by means of a magnetic force.
- the drops 6 are directed by means of electrodes.
- the drops are directed to a grading zone, by dielectrophoresis, by electrocoalescence with a current or by surface acoustic waves (SAW).
- SAW surface acoustic waves
- a suspension of magnetic particles 12 and signaling entities 34 is prepared and injected into the first inlet conduit 80.
- a suspension of cells 90 capable of containing tumor cells is prepared and injected into the second inlet duct 82.
- a carrier fluid 8 is supplied and injected into the carrier fluid inlet conduits 92.
- the fluids 86, 88 are set in motion by means of the circulation sets 22.
- the initial drops 32 are formed in the junction zone 78.
- the method further comprises an incubation step in which the cell 90, singly or in the form of a clustered cell cluster, is capable of secreting, cleaving or releasing the target element 37 of the cell secretome.
- tumor to be analyzed for example the protein or peptide of the tumor cell secretome.
- the incubation is thus performed under conditions and for a time sufficient for the cell 90, in particular when it is in the form of a single cell, to be capable of producing at least one target element 37 of the secretome of a tumor cell.
- the incubation step lasts 5 minutes to 32 hours, for example about 1 to 24 hours, or 2 to 9 hours, in particular for the analysis of freshly recovered cells from a biological fluid of a patient.
- the incubation step lasts 32 to 72 hours, for example about 32 to 48 hours, for example about 36 hours, especially for the analysis of thawed cells.
- Incubation is generally carried out at 37 ⁇ 1 ° C, with 5% C0 2 . Incubation is typically performed in the presence of a buffer or appropriate medium.
- An advantage of the process according to the invention is that, compared to the EPISPOT analysis method as described in the patent application EP 1 506 407, the duration of the incubation step can be shortened because of the sensitivity of the process according to the invention. Due to the accumulation of the secretome elements in the restricted volume of the drop, with equivalent incubation time, the concentration of the secretome elements to be detected will be higher in the process according to the invention compared to the EPISPOT process. The implementation of the method according to the invention is therefore faster and more sensitive.
- the drops 6 advantageously comprise a culture medium for keeping the cells 90 alive in the drop for three days or more. It is typically a culture medium for mammalian cells, especially human cells, with or without serum.
- the incubation step is carried out in the incubation zone 79 of the device 20. In a variant, this step is performed outside the device 20.
- the steps of forming the aggregate and measuring are the same as for the analysis method with the first apparatus 1.
- the method differs in that the measurement step is followed by an analysis step.
- the analysis step makes it possible to determine which group 106, 108 belongs to a drop 6 according to predetermined criteria and to generate a drop classification decision 6 after the measuring step.
- the drop 6 is directed towards one of the classification zones 94, 96 by the direction means 98.
- the drops 106 in which the signal of high fluorescence intensity is located mainly in the vicinity of the aggregate 10 are directed into the first classification zone 94.
- the drops of the first group 106 correspond by example to the third drops 56 of Figure 2.
- These drops 106 contain, for example, the tumor cells 90, which are unique or in the form of aggregates of tumor cells, the secretome of which comprises the target element 37.
- the drops 106 are optionally recovered so that their contents, and in particular the tumor cell or cells, contained, or analyzed by other techniques, or for tumor cells 90, unique or in the form of aggregates of tumor cells, to be put back in culture.
- the drops 108 in which a different signal, in particular a substantially homogeneous signal on the drop 108, has been measured are directed to another classification zone 96.
- the second group of drops 108 comprises, for example, drops that do not comprise a cell 90 and drops containing a single cell 90 not producing the target element 37 of the tumor cell secretome in sufficient quantity or quality.
- RNA transcriptome
- messengers for gene expression, and microRNAs genome, epigenome, or proteome
- Transcriptome analysis particularly the analysis of mRNAs, tumor cells (especially CTCs) can reveal very important information on the drug sensitivity and resistance.
- CTCs tumor cells
- the expression of ARV7 mRNA, a truncated form of the androgen receptor that has no binding domain to its ligand but persists CTCs could predict the failure of anti-androgen therapies (including therapies using Enzalutamide and / or abiraterone).
- Patients whose CTCs express this ARV7 mRNA may, however, remain taxane-sensitive and the detection of this ARV7 splice variant in CTCs may become a marker of selection for appropriate treatment in these patients.
- MicroRNAs are key regulators of gene expression and have become potential diagnostic markers and targets for anti-cancer therapies. Thanks to an in situ hybridization technique, it is possible to analyze large miRNAs (eg miR-10b) at the single cell scale.
- mutations within genes encode therapeutic targets or signaling proteins downstream of targets that affect the efficacy of targeted therapies.
- EGFR mutations affect anti-EGFR therapies in lung cancer
- CTCs bearing the mutated KRAS genes will escape anti-EGFR therapy and their early detection may be important in guiding patient choice of treatment.
- the cells analyzed in the drops can be decapsulated from the emulsion.
- a suitable method for decapsulating the emulsion comprises adding 5% v / v 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-Perfluoro-1-octanol (Sigma-Aldrich), followed by incubation for one hour. The phases are separated by centrifugation (for example 300 g, for 5 min), and the cells are collected at the interface of the two phases, aqueous and fluorinated.
- the method may comprise the introduction of a third layer, of a density between that of the aqueous phase and the fluorinated phase (for example 1.10 g / ml), before centrifugation. between the two phases.
- the third layer is generally an aqueous osmolarity solution adapted for contact with the cells.
- a suitable solution is for example prepared, for example, by dissolving 27.6 g of Nycodenz (Progen) in 100 ml of a solution consisting of 5 mM TrisHCI, 3 mM KCL, 0.3 mM CaNa 2 EDTA, pH 7.5.
- the cells are then harvested in said third layer, positioned at the interface of the aqueous phase and the fluorinated phase, thus avoiding taking the fluorinated phase with the cells.
- this method makes it possible to assay / quantify an element of the tumor cell secretome, such as a protein or peptide of the tumor cell secretome in the drop containing the single cell or the aggregate of cells.
- an elongated aggregate 10 provides a better signal-to-noise ratio and a larger dynamic range compared to the test described in Mazutis et al. (Nat prot 2013) where a single ball is encapsulated. Indeed the signal generated by the signaling entity 34 will be focused on a width smaller than that of a sphere of equal area. The height of the peak as shown in FIG. 2 will therefore be higher than in the case of a single ball for the same number of relocated signaling entities 34.
- This method can be used in many biological analysis methods.
- the method according to the invention can be applied to many types of secretome elements, in particular proteins or peptides of the secretome.
- This invention makes it possible to analyze in a very complete manner the liquid biopsy of the cancer in real time by phenotyping, a secretome analysis and molecular analysis of tumor cells, single or in the form of aggregates of tumor cells.
- the apparatus according to the invention can be integrated as a technological brick in more complex devices, in particular in a high throughput screening device, in a lab on a chip, in a "point of care” device in laboratory instruments. , robots, or others.
- the method according to the invention can be integrated into complex protocols for diagnosis, drug discovery, target discovery, drug evaluation.
- microfluidic systems according to the invention and the methods according to the invention can be combined or included in other types of microfluidic components or for other microfluidic functions known in the state of the art.
- the invention may further be particularly useful in combination with various optical methods, including optical detection methods.
- the method is applicable, for example, to determine the presence of a target element 37 in the secretome, the concentration of a secreted, salted or cleaved target element 37, thereby establishing characteristics of the tumor cell producing the element. target 37 in the drop 6.
- the method also makes it possible to sort, capture and extract drops having interesting characteristics, and in particular containing a single tumor cell or an aggregate of tumor cells.
- the method comprises the formation of a sandwich, the target element 37 being on the one hand linked to the capture element 36 of the particle 12 and on the other hand to the signaling entity 34, signaling entity 34 being fluorescent.
- the capture element 36 is an antibody, polyclonal or monoclonal.
- the signaling entity 34 is an antibody, polyclonal or monoclonal.
- the target element 37 is a peptide or protein of the secretome.
- capture element 36 is a nucleic acid, such as a DNA probe or an aptamer.
- the signaling entity 34 is a nucleic acid, in particular a DNA probe.
- the target element 37 is a nucleic acid of the secretome, in particular double-stranded DNA, mRNA or miRNA.
- the capture element 36 is a polyclonal or monoclonal antibody or nanobody, or an aptamer directed against a protein present in the membrane or attached to the membrane, or against lipids or sterols.
- the signaling entity 34 is an antibody, polyclonal or monoclonal.
- the target element 37 is an exosome.
- several pairs of capture element 36 - target element 37 or capture element triplets 36 - target element 37 - signaling entity 34 can be analyzed simultaneously, to detect the presence of several target elements 37 of different nature.
- a droplet comprises several target elements 37a, 37b of different nature and several signaling entities 34a, 34b each being able to form a complex with one of the target elements 37a, 37b.
- Some particles 12 of the aggregate 10 comprise a capture element 36a adapted to capture a first target element 37a, other particles comprise another capture element 36b adapted to capture a second target element 37b.
- the aggregation of particles 12 is reversible.
- the presence of the target element 37 makes the aggregation non-reversible and consolidates the aggregate 10 during its formation in the aggregation set 30.
- the aggregate 10 therefore stably exists only in the drops 6 containing the target element 37.
- the reversibility of the aggregation of the particles 12 dissolved the aggregate 10 it does not enter the reading zone 26.
- the aggregate 10 can be formed and orientated only in the presence of this pre-aggregation, which limits the peak acquisition according to FIG. 2 to the drops containing the target element 37 by another method than via the signaling entity 34.
- the present invention finds particular application for the detection and / or characterization of tumor cells isolated from biological fluids.
- Each cell can release, secrete, or cleave in vitro a number of elements of the tumor cell secretome, including a certain number of proteins or peptides, including one or more tumor markers for identifying a tumor cell.
- the present invention also makes it possible to study or characterize the secretome of cells, either single cells or in the form of an aggregate of cells, which will, prior to or simultaneously with their characterization, have been identified as tumor cells, in particular by the method of detecting tumor cells according to the invention.
- the tumor cells are, for example, living circulating tumor cells, hereinafter designated by the acronym 'CTCs', isolated from the blood, or living disseminated tumor cells, hereinafter designated by the symbol' DTC, isolated from bone marrow, or live tumor cells from any other biological fluid, for example urine or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
- 'CTCs' living circulating tumor cells
- DTC living disseminated tumor cells
- Aggressive metastatic tumor cells which are capable of giving distant metastases, are among the cells to which the present invention applies.
- aggregated CTCs in the bloodstream could have a much higher metastatic potential than isolated CTCs.
- the present invention has the advantage of allowing an analysis of living CTCs, and thus of studying the functionality of these cells, whereas the techniques of the prior art involve the isolation and the fixing of the CTCs, before analysis.
- the tumor cells may be cancer cells of solid cancer or of liquid cancer (leukemia, lymphoma).
- tumor cells are isolated from biological fluids of patients with solid cancer, for example breast, prostate, colon, rectum, thyroid, skin, liver, testis cancer. , ovary, etc.
- the tumor cells are in particular human or animal cells, such as rodent (for example rat or mouse), primate (for example monkey), canine (for example dog) or feline (for example cat).
- the cells will have been labeled prior to their encapsulation.
- the cells can in fact be pre-labeled, for example with one or more labeled antibodies (for example with a fluorochrome) directed against one or more membrane tumor markers, in order to identify the tumor nature of the encapsulated cell, or of the aggregate of encapsulated cells, by detecting the signal emitted by the labeled antibody (s) at the level of the cell or of the cell aggregate. This detection can be performed on the circulating drops as in static mode.
- labeled antibodies for example with a fluorochrome
- the target element (s) are cytokeratins such as CK19.
- the target element (s) are tissue markers such as mammaglobin (for the breast), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or human kallikrein 3 (hK3) (for the prostate).
- the target element (s) are mesenchymal markers such as "human glandular kallikrein” (hK2), Her2-neu, thyroglobulin, CA19-9, CA15-3 ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme), CA. 125, Cathepsin D, alphafoetoprotein, S100 protein, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), epithelial growth factor (EGF), etc.
- mesenchymal markers such as "human glandular kallikrein” (hK2), Her2-neu, thyroglobulin, CA19-9, CA15-3 ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme), CA. 125, Cathepsin D, alphafoetoprotein, S100 protein, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), epithelial growth factor (EGF), etc.
- the single tumor cell 90 is a prostate tumor cell
- at least one target element 37 is PSA (prostate-specific antigen).
- PSA prostate-specific antigen
- the capture element 36 grafted onto the particles 10 is a first anti-PSA antibody.
- the signaling element 34 is a second anti-PSA antibody which is labeled, in particular with a fluorochrome such as Alexa 555. This marker is very specific for prostate cancers, its presence alone makes it possible to characterize the cells as cells. tumors from prostate cancer.
- markers are detected in combination to characterize the tumor cells.
- some markers are not specific to one type of cancer, but the combined presence of two different markers makes it possible to identify the type of cancer.
- the choice of marker combinations suitable for identifying a type of cancer is within the abilities of those skilled in the art.
- the VEGF marker exists in the secretome of many tumor cells. However, its presence with other markers makes it possible to characterize a Cancer. Likewise, the presence of the marker FGF2 alone is not sufficient in itself to characterize a cancer.
- Each sandwich immunoassay detects a distinct target element 37a, 37b secreted by the single tumor cell 90.
- the signaling entities 36 comprise fluorochromes.
- a different fluorochrome is preferably associated with each specific binding partner of a different target element, and in particular with a different tumor marker.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to detect CTCs or DTCs by means of a method of the multiparametric fluorescent EPISPOT type, which uses different pairs of antibodies and different fluorochromes.
- fluorochromes include Alexa488, for green, Alexa555 for red, Alexa350 for blue, etc.
- the number of target elements 37 that can be analyzed for a single tumor cell is chosen upstream of the experiment, by choosing the pairs of particles functionalized with capture elements and signaling entities. For example, it is possible to perform measurements on more than nine different fluorescence channels. This allows, for example to make more than nine simultaneous measurements of secretome elements of a single tumor cell.
- the detection method comprises a preliminary stage of enrichment of the CTCs or DTCs present in the biological sample.
- the enrichment of the cells of the biological sample can be based on the expression of markers expressed on the surface of the cells, the size, the density or the electrical charges of the cells.
- CTCs can be isolated from blood by leukocyte depletion or by filtration.
- the enrichment of the cells of the biological sample can for example consist of either a positive sorting of the cells, based on the expression of membrane-specific proteins of the epithelial cells, for example, Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule or EpCAM, or on a sorting negative cells based on the expression of specific markers on the surface of unwanted hematopoietic cells, such as for example CD45, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD56.
- the cells can be sorted according to their size thanks to the use of a filter membrane which will retain the large cells and let the hematopoietic cells of smaller size pass.
- the cells can be sorted according to their density, by centrifugations on specific gradients.
- the cells can be sorted according to their electrical charge by dielectrophoresis because the CTCs / DTCs, have a charge different from those of hematopoietic cells, by the use of dielectrophoresis.
- the cells obtained after the enrichment step can also be identified as being tumorous in the drops.
- the enriched cells are labeled with a labeled antibody (in particular by fluorescence) directed against one or more tumor cell surface markers.
- the tumor cells then become labeled, in particular by fluorescence, with their membrane.
- the cells may be labeled with (1) an anti-EpCAM fluorescent antibody and / or an anti-E-cadherin fluorescent antibody to detect the expression of EpCAM and / or E-Cadherin on the cell surface to identify any epithelial cell, and / or (2) a fluorescent anti-PSMA antibody (Prostate specifies antigen membrane) to identify tumor cells of the prostate, and / or (3) an anti-fluorescent antibody -N-Cadherin to identify mesenchymal cells that have undergone an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and / or (4) an anti-plastin 3 antibody that targets a new marker, plastin 3, which is not under-expressed during ⁇ and which allows the detection of epithelial and mesenchymal tumor cells, This step which precedes the encapsulation of the cells of the sample and makes it possible to determine the phenotype of the CTCs or DTCs.
- the present invention is particularly advantageous because the number of drops is in theory not limited and can reach in practice, for example, up to 100,000 and even up to 1,000,000 drops. It is thus possible to have drops that do not comprise cells or non-enriched cells. If the encapsulated cell is not tumor, the signal will be different and the drop will be discarded. The system allows to refine purification. It is therefore suitable for working with biological samples that are not rich in CTCs.
- the protocol of the following examples includes:
- Drops production is performed after mixing a reagent solution and an on-chip sample solution.
- the reagent solution is aspirated into a reservoir connected to a 1 mL Hamilton syringe filled with mineral oil (Sigma Aldrich, # 330760) just prior to start of compartmentalization.
- the samples to be screened are mixed with the working solution just before compartmentalization and then transferred to a glass vial previously filled with fluorinated oil (3M, NOVEC HFE-7500) and the vial is kept at 4 ° C on ice.
- fluorinated oil 3M, NOVEC HFE-7500
- Capillaries advantageously made of PTFE of 0.3 mm internal diameter (sold by Fisher, 1919445) make it possible to connect the vial and the reservoir of the reagent solution to the device for forming drops. These two solutions are injected on a drop forming chip which makes it possible to generate drops comprising an equal volume of each of the two solutions.
- the volume of the drops is chosen by the user from the flow rate of the fluorinated oil.
- the volume of the drops is 33 picoliters.
- the fluorinated oil is the carrier fluid 8. It constitutes the continuous phase of the emulsion comprising the drops.
- Solutions of test reagents and samples to be screened are injected into the chip at the same flow rate, advantageously at 200 microliters / hour for each solution.
- the flow rate is imposed by a standard syringe pump system, for example a Cetoni neMESYS pump or by a pump controlling the pressure, for example the system marketed by Fluigent.
- the drops are generated at a hydrodynamic focusing junction as illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12.
- the external phase is here a fluorinated oil (3M, NOVEC HFE-7500) to which two% w / v surfactants have been added.
- PFPE perfluoropolyether tails
- PEG head -600 gmol
- Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 show flow-focusing devices for mixing a flow containing the magnetic beads mixed with the other reagents and a flow containing the samples before the formation of drops at the hydrodynamic focusing junction located on the right.
- the magnetic particles measure 500 nm in diameter and in FIG. 12 the magnetic particles measure 200 nm in diameter.
- a second step is the collection stage.
- a short capillary makes it possible to connect the flask to the chip.
- the outlet capillary measures less than 20 cm, preferably 10 cm.
- the drops are advantageously incubated at 37 ° C. for 20 to 90 minutes and under magnetic fields, the incubation time and temperature depending on the analysis carried out and on the type of production entity 90 and target element 37 studied. .
- the vial containing the emulsion is transferred to 4 ° C., which is still kept in a magnetic field.
- the first type of device is a device according to the invention as described in FIG.
- the vial containing the drops is connected to a chip for reinjection, the vial is on the one hand connected to the chip and on the other hand to a pressure system, a pressure pump or syringe and its pump, constituting the circulation assembly 22.
- the spacing assembly 31 comprises two oil inlets connected to the chip. These entries are intended to inject oil advantageously fluorinated oil for spacing the drops of the emulsion as shown in Figure 9.
- the flow rates of the spacer oil are advantageously each fixed at 300 microliters / hour and the flow rate of the circulating assembly is advantageously set at 50 microliters / hour and make it possible to adjust the flow rate and the reinjection frequency. drops so as to obtain a frequency of between 250 and 1000 Hz.
- a pair of permanent magnets 38 advantageously provided by K & J Magnetics, # BC 14-N52, is placed on either side of the chip around the main channel 24. These magnets 38 are intended to generate and orient the bead aggregates. during the reinjection of the drops.
- Equipment control software for example lasers or photomultipliers, is created to analyze and sort the drops.
- the sorting system requires an FPGA card to perform a real-time analysis of the signal.
- the measurement is made in the drops one by one after their passage through the spacer assembly and these drops can be sorted to a desired output after the reading zone illustrated in FIG.
- Example 2 Device for Measuring Type 2 Drops (Second Device 60)
- the second type of measuring device is a drop storage chamber produced in a 2-dimensional plane. This example presents two possible alternatives for making such rooms.
- the first is a chamber manufactured by conventional PDMS microfabrication, advantageously comprising pillars positioned in a regular manner to prevent the collapse of the chamber as illustrated in Figures 4 to 7.
- the second is a glass chamber according to the invention PCT / FR2009 / 051396.
- this approach makes it possible to incubate the drops for long periods (> 1 H) without moving the drops.
- the drops can therefore be collected directly in such a chamber after their formation.
- the measuring device is a two-dimensional reading device, for example in a glass chamber.
- the magnetic field is generated by a pair of permanent magnets 38 advantageously provided by K & J Magnetics, # BY042, placed on either side of the storage chamber. These magnets 38 are intended to generate and orient the aggregates of beads in drops stored in the chamber.
- Example 3 Quantification of a Tumor Marker in a Type 1 Measuring Device
- the purpose of this example is to demonstrate the quantification of a tumor marker.
- the target element 37 is a tumor marker and more particularly an angiogenesis marker (VEGF [vascular epithelial growth factor]) which is already contained in the solution to be screened, this example not implementing cells. .
- VEGF vascular epithelial growth factor
- the drops measure 33 picoliters.
- the preparation of the drops includes:
- the Reagent Solution contains:
- particles 12 which are here colloidal magnetic particles, such as particles conjugated with steptavidin (for example Ademtech streptavidin plus particles), which are functionalized with a capture element 36, for example a VEGF specific antibody conjugated to biotin (for example the antibody Ref 500-P10GBt, Peprotech).
- steptavidin for example Ademtech streptavidin plus particles
- biotin for example the antibody Ref 500-P10GBt, Peprotech
- EDC carboxyl and 1-ethyl-3- [3- (dimethylamino) propyl] carbodiimide (EDC) particles, for example, a signaling entity 34 which is here an antibody against VEGF functionalized with a fluorescent molecule, such as bevacizumab (supplied by adjoin University Hospital) which is functionalized with an N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS ester) of Alexa Fluor 647 or the like .
- a signaling entity 34 which is here an antibody against VEGF functionalized with a fluorescent molecule, such as bevacizumab (supplied by adjoin University Hospital) which is functionalized with an N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS ester) of Alexa Fluor 647 or the like .
- NHS ester N-Hydroxysuccinimide
- working solution includes:
- Insulin-Transferin-Selenium (ITS) 100X (GIBCO, Ref 51300-044): 1% final,
- bFGF Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor
- Miltneyi (Ref 130097750): 10 ng / mL final
- the magnetic colloidal particles 12 are treated before use.
- the particles 12 are particles provided by Chemicell (ScreenMAG) or Ademtech (Bio Adembeads) in a storage solution.
- streptavidin or the like is already immobilized on the particles by the suppliers (such as Ademtech streptavidin plus beads). They are retained on a magnetic medium in order to remove the storage solution and then they are suspended in an excess of pluronic F-127 at 10% w / w (ThermoFisher), advantageously 10x the initial volume of particles, and incubated for fifteen minutes. minutes in an ultrasonic bath at 4 ° C.
- the magnetic colloidal particles are washed twice in PBS and suspended in the working solution.
- the biotinylated version of the capture molecule is added in excess for 1 hour (room temperature).
- the particles 12 are washed twice and suspended in the working solution.
- Fluorescent reagents are centrifuged for five minutes at at least 12,000 g and at 4 ° C before use to remove traces of reagent aggregates.
- the sample solution to be screened comprises:
- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
- the sample solution to be screened contains different concentrations of the target element 37 (VEGF) (provided for example by Genscript) diluted in the working solution (cf above).
- VEGF target element 37
- the concentrations of target element 37 (VEGF) in the sample solution to be screened are 0 nM, 5 nM, 20 nM or 50 nM.
- the reagent solution contains the following reagents:
- a capture element 36 here a VEGF-specific antibody described above
- the appropriate signaling entity 34 here another specific VEGF antibody conjugated with a fluorescent molecule
- the purpose of this example is to demonstrate the quantification of two signaling entities (two tumor markers) simultaneously.
- This example is similar in every respect to Example 3 with the difference that two distinct target elements 37 are measured simultaneously.
- the two target entities are the tumor markers VEGF and CK19 [Cytokeratin 19].
- the Reagent Solution contains:
- particles 12 which are here colloidal magnetic particles, functionalized with two capture elements 36, here antibodies specific for VEGF (Ref 500-P10GBt, Peprotech) and antibodies specific for CK19 (KS19.2 from Progen) which are immobilized on the particles by an appropriate method, such as by the biotin-streptavidin pair,
- a first signaling entity 34 which is here a VEGF specific antibody fluorescently labeled with a suitable fluorophore, such as a conjugation of bevacizumab with AlexaFluor647,
- a second signaling entity 34 which is here an antibody specific for CK19, such as (Progen KS19.1), fluorescently labeled by the fluorophore Alexa Fluor 488,
- the sample solution to be screened comprises:
- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
- a second target element 37 here CK19, adapted to be captured by the second capture element 36
- the sample solution to be screened contains different concentrations of the first target element 37 (VEGF), for example provided by Genscript, and the second target element 37 (CK19), for example provided by MyBioSource) diluted the solution of the work (see below). above).
- VEGF first target element 37
- CK19 second target element 37
- MyBioSource MyBioSource
- the concentrations of the first target element 37 (VEGF) in the sample solution to be screened are 0 nM, 2.5 nM, 10 nM or 25 nM.
- the concentrations of the second target element 37 (CK19) in the sample solution to be screened are 0 nM, 2.5 nM, 10 nM or 25 nM.
- a total of 16 concentration combinations of the two target elements are prepared.
- the drops are analyzed by means of a type 1 device simultaneously measuring the fluorescence of the fluorophores, such as AlexaFluor488 and 647, on the two signaling entities 34.
- Example 5 Quantification of a secreted tumor marker at the single cell scale in a type 1 measuring device.
- the purpose of this example is to demonstrate the possibility of detecting and quantifying a tumor marker secreted at the single cell level.
- This example is similar in all respects to Example 3 except that the target element 37 (VEGF) is secreted by a producing entity 90 (a cell) in the drop during an incubation phase.
- the cells are either a colon cancer CTC line (CTC-MCC-41 .4 obtained in the LCCRH laboratory), or a cell population of CTC-enriched colon cancer patients.
- CTCs are enriched with the RosetteSep protocol (StemCell Technology procedure) via leukocyte depletion.
- the cell pellet obtained contains the circulating tumor cells and is ready to be used for the single-cell EPISPOT according to the invention.
- the sample solution to be screened contains cells suspended in the working solution described in Example 3.
- the concentration of cells per drop is 0.3 cells per drop.
- An emulsion with drops of 33 picoliters, as here, contains more than 30.10 6 drops per millitre.
- To have 0.3 cells per drop it takes about 18.10 6 cells per milliliter in the sample solution to be screened (which is concentrated twice with respect to the drops).
- the cell concentration in the sample solution to be screened is twice as large as the final concentration since the two aqueous solutions will be mixed in a drop with a 50/50 ratio.
- Example 6 Quantification of two tumor markers simultaneously secreted at the single cell scale in a type 1 measuring device.
- the purpose of this example is to demonstrate the possibility of simultaneously detecting and quantifying two tumor markers secreted at the single cell level.
- This example is similar in every way to Example 5 except that two target elements 37 separate, are measured simultaneously.
- the two target elements are the tumor markers VEGF and CK19, which are measured as in Example 4.
- Example 7 Sorting of cells according to a secreted tumor marker.
- the purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate the screening of cells according to a secreted tumor marker.
- This example is similar in every respect to Example 5 except that the droplets with a large fluorescence signal corresponding to the fluorescence of the fluorophore on the signaling entity 34 are sorted by "fluorescence activated dielectrophoresis" (FADS) as described in Baret et al. (Lab Chip 2009, 9, 1850-1858). The sorted and collected drops are broken and the cells are recovered as described in Mazutis et al. (Prot Nat 2013, 8, 870-891).
- FADS fluorescence activated dielectrophoresis
- Example 8 Sorting of cells according to two secreted tumor markers.
- the purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate the screening of cells according to two secreted tumor markers.
- This example is similar in every respect to Example 7 except that two distinct target elements 37 are measured simultaneously.
- the two target elements 37 are the tumor markers VEGF and CK19, which are measured as in Example 4.
- the droplets with a large fluorescence signal corresponding to the fluorescence of the fluorophore such as Alexafluor488 on the first signaling entity 34, and Alexafluor647on the second signaling entity 34 is sorted by "fluorescence activated dielectrophoresis" (FADS) as described in Baret et al. (Lab Chip 2009, 9, 1850-1858).
- the sorted and collected drops are broken and the cells are recovered as described in Mazutis et al. (Nat Prot 2013).
- the purpose of this example is to demonstrate the quantitation of a tumor marker in a type 2 device, i.e. a chamber in which the drops are distributed in two dimensions in a single layer.
- a type 2 device i.e. a chamber in which the drops are distributed in two dimensions in a single layer.
- This example is similar in every respect to Example 3 with the difference that the drops measure 40 picoliters and are analyzed in a measuring device type 2.
- a 38 ⁇ high chamber is created between two glass slides.
- An inlet and an outlet are made in the upper glass slide and each provided with a standard connector for connecting the connection capillaries.
- Example 9 The purpose of this example is to demonstrate the quantification of two signaling entities (two tumor markers) simultaneously in a type 2 device.
- This example is similar in every respect to Example 4 except that the drops measure 40 picoliters and are analyzed in a type 2 measuring device, as in Example 9.
- Example 11 Kinetic and Quantitative Measurement of a Secreted Tumor Marker at the Single Cell Scale in a Type 2 Meter (Second Unit 60)
- the purpose of this example is to demonstrate the kinetic and quantitative measurement of a tumor marker secreted at the single cell scale in a type 2 device.
- This example is similar in every respect to Example 5 except that the drops measure 40 picoliters and are analyzed in a type 2 measuring device, as in Example 9.
- the secretion rate of the target element 37 (tumor marker VEGF) is determined.
- Example 12 Kinetic and Quantitative Measurement of Two Tumor Markers Simultaneously Secreted at the Single Cell Scale in a Type 2 Measuring Device (Second Apparatus 60)
- the purpose of this example is to demonstrate the simultaneous kinetic and quantitative measurement of two tumor markers secreted at the single cell scale in a type 2 device.
- This example is similar in every respect to Example 6 except that the drops measure 40 picoliters and are analyzed in a type 2 measuring device, as in Example 9 except that two distinct target elements 37 are measured simultaneously.
- the two target entities are the tumor markers VEGF and CK19, which are detected as in Example 10.
- the fluorescent signals of the two signaling entities 34 relocated on the magnetic bead line the secretion rate of the two target elements 37 (the VEGF and CK19 tumor markers) are determined.
- Figure 14 illustrates quantitation of a tumor marker in a type 1 device.
- the graph shows the peak intensity value obtained for the channel measuring the green fluorescence.
- the error bar shows the standard deviation.
- LnCAPs are cells derived from an epithelial cell line derived from human prostate carcinoma.
- Figure 15 illustrates a sorting of drops in a type 1 device.
- This graph shows the possibility of measuring PSA secreting cells in a type 1 device.
- Three different droplet populations can be distinguished because of their different droplet codes (shown along the x-axis, corresponding to the fluorescence of the Sulforhodamine B marker). From left to right, we observe the emulsion of cells to be sorted, the positive control and the negative control. In the fluorescence channel shown in ordinate, the relocation of the anti-PSA on the column of beads is illustrated.
- the drops included in the black rectangle are positive drops for the secretion of PSA and containing a cell.
- Figure 16 illustrates a sort of drops in a type 1 device.
- This graph shows a selection window for EpCAM-positive drop sorting from a drop emulsion containing cells.
- the loading is about 5%. This shows a good correlation between the EpCAM positivity in the selection window and the cell loading.
- the ordinate axis represents the maximum value measured within the droplet (that is, the peak corresponding to the cell).
- the x-axis represents the integral of the signal under the peak.
- FIG. 17 represents a selection window "gate 5" for sorting EpCAM-positive cells.
- Figure 18 shows a selection window "treats 6" for PSA secreting cells. To be selected, the two criteria must be satisfied, the selected drops correspond to the drops whose measures in the windows "spoils 5" and "spoils 6".
- FIGS. 19 and 20 represent drops successfully sorted according to two criteria: the secretion of PSA (FIG. 19), and the expression of EpCAM. (Figure 20). of the Empty drops (negative control) were also sorted to facilitate the transfer of drops of interest into the viewing chamber. Starting from an emulsion with 0.2% of drops of interest, a 20% enrichment of drops of interest is obtained. By counting the negative control drops preserved for the transfer of the drops, an effective droplet transfer is obtained at approximately 99%.
- Figures 21 to 23 illustrate quantitation of a tumor marker in a type 2 device.
- Figures 21 (in the bright field) and 22 (in a fluorescence channel) show the secretion of PSA by LNCAP cells. These cells are incubated for one hour in the drops and the secretion of PSA results in the relocation of the fluorescence on the columnar particle aggregate.
- Figure 23 illustrates a calibration curve for the quantification of PSA obtained from the drop table.
- the curve has a shape generally observed for non-washing immunoassay experiments. After an abrupt increase phase (up to 60nM) in which the protein binds to the beads, there is a decrease in the fluorescence relocation due to saturation on the beads and an increase in the concentration of free PSA. The data are presented on average and error -type of the average (SEM).
- the calibration curve shows a signal increase at higher concentrations.
- the signal can be significantly distinguished from the background noise. This is advantageous for experience developments because even cells with very high secretion levels can be detected.
- Figures 24 and 25 illustrate quantification of a tumor marker in a type 2 device.
- Figures 24 (in bright field) and 25 (in a fluorescence channel) represent the secretion of protein CK19 by a SK-BR cell.
- SK-BR3 is a cell line derived from a tumor of human breast cancer.
- CK19 is usually a protein integrated into the cell membrane. However, it can be detached and relocate on the elongated aggregate.
- An epithelial cell line derived from human prostate carcinoma (LnCAP) is used for experiments to observe cell secretion of PSA.
- the following table shows the conditions and results of the PSA secretion experiment using LnCAP cells as a template.
- Figure 26 illustrates the measurement of the kinetics of a secreted marker in a Type 2 device.
- Figure 26 shows a PSA secretion pattern for individual LnCAP cells encapsulated in drops for one hour and then measured at 10 minute intervals.
- Jurkat cells come from an immortalized line of human Lymphocite T. Both cell lines were cultured in RPMI medium with 10% FBS and encapsulated in drops. These experiments show that it is indeed capable of detecting small amounts of cells.
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| CA3020964A CA3020964C (fr) | 2016-04-15 | 2017-04-18 | Procede de detection et/ou de caracterisation de cellules tumorales et appareil associe |
| US16/093,934 US11525826B2 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2017-04-18 | Method for detecting and/or characterising tumour cells and associated apparatus |
| AU2017248682A AU2017248682B2 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2017-04-18 | Method for detecting and/or characterising tumour cells and associated apparatus |
| CN201780036311.5A CN109863398B (zh) | 2016-04-15 | 2017-04-18 | 用于检测和/或表征肿瘤细胞的方法及相关装置 |
| EP17716939.8A EP3443347A1 (fr) | 2016-04-15 | 2017-04-18 | Procédé de détection et/ou de caractérisation de cellules tumorales et appareil associé |
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| JP2019138838A (ja) * | 2018-02-14 | 2019-08-22 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 特定細胞捕捉方法 |
| US11360078B2 (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2022-06-14 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Medical analysis device and cell analysis method |
| US11573232B2 (en) | 2018-02-14 | 2023-02-07 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Method for capturing specific cells |
| US11614440B2 (en) | 2019-01-24 | 2023-03-28 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Specific cell fractionating and capturing methods |
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| US11162143B2 (en) | 2018-10-21 | 2021-11-02 | The University Of Kansas | Methods for generating therapeutic delivery platforms |
| CN111079579B (zh) * | 2019-12-02 | 2023-07-25 | 英华达(上海)科技有限公司 | 细胞图像的识别方法、装置以及系统 |
| US20250093334A1 (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2025-03-20 | Seer, Inc. | Systems and methods for assaying secretome |
| CN116200241A (zh) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-06-02 | 呼和浩特君源精测科技有限公司 | 肿瘤标记物检测平台及肿瘤标记物检测平台使用方法 |
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| JP7170254B2 (ja) | 2018-02-14 | 2022-11-14 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 特定細胞捕捉方法 |
| US11573232B2 (en) | 2018-02-14 | 2023-02-07 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Method for capturing specific cells |
| US11614440B2 (en) | 2019-01-24 | 2023-03-28 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Specific cell fractionating and capturing methods |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3050212B1 (fr) | 2020-09-25 |
| JP6982057B2 (ja) | 2021-12-17 |
| AU2017248682B2 (en) | 2024-05-02 |
| JP2019514027A (ja) | 2019-05-30 |
| EP3443347A1 (fr) | 2019-02-20 |
| CA3020964A1 (fr) | 2017-10-19 |
| CN109863398B (zh) | 2022-05-31 |
| CA3020964C (fr) | 2024-04-23 |
| US11525826B2 (en) | 2022-12-13 |
| AU2017248682A1 (en) | 2018-11-22 |
| FR3050212A1 (fr) | 2017-10-20 |
| CN109863398A (zh) | 2019-06-07 |
| US20190170741A1 (en) | 2019-06-06 |
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