WO2017186392A1 - Machine électrique pourvue de deux onduleurs raccordés - Google Patents

Machine électrique pourvue de deux onduleurs raccordés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017186392A1
WO2017186392A1 PCT/EP2017/055516 EP2017055516W WO2017186392A1 WO 2017186392 A1 WO2017186392 A1 WO 2017186392A1 EP 2017055516 W EP2017055516 W EP 2017055516W WO 2017186392 A1 WO2017186392 A1 WO 2017186392A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switching element
inverter
electrical machine
semiconductor material
electrical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2017/055516
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Peuser
Klaus Ries-Mueller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of WO2017186392A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017186392A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
    • H02P25/22—Multiple windings; Windings for more than three phases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/50—Reduction of harmonics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/008—Plural converter units for generating at two or more independent and non-parallel outputs, e.g. systems with plural point of load switching regulators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical machine with at least two connected inverters. Furthermore, the invention relates to a drive train with the electric machine, a vehicle with the drive train and a method for operating the electric machine.
  • Electric machines with multiple inverters are known from the prior art. To provide a scalable electric drive, it is known to operate electrical machine depending on the requirement with multiple inverters. For this example, several inverters are connected in parallel. There is a need to provide even more efficient drives with electric machines and at least two inverters.
  • An electric machine having at least one first winding and a first inverter connected thereto and at least one second winding and a second inverter connected thereto is provided.
  • An inverter comprises at least one switching element.
  • the first inverter comprises a first switching element made of a first semiconductor material.
  • the second inverter comprises a second switching element of a second semiconductor material.
  • An electric machine which comprises at least two windings. At least one inverter is connected to each winding. closed.
  • the at least two inverters each comprise at least one switching element.
  • a first switching element of the first inverter is made of a first semiconductor material.
  • a second switching element from the second inverter is made of a second semiconductor material.
  • the electrical or chemical properties of the two semiconductor materials differ.
  • the different electrical properties relate in particular to the electrical conductivity of the material as a function of applied electric fields, electrical voltages, or electrical currents.
  • the different chemical properties relate in particular to the different chemical elements of which the materials are composed.
  • an electric machine is provided with at least two inverters connected thereto, wherein the inverters have different electrical and / or chemical properties.
  • the first switching element greater conduction and / or switching losses than the second switching element.
  • the first switching element Due to the different semiconductor materials from which the switching elements of the first and the second inverter are made, the first switching element has greater conduction losses or switching losses than the second switching element.
  • an electric machine with two inverters is provided, wherein the inverters have different line and / or switching losses.
  • the first semiconductor material has a smaller band gap than the second semiconductor material.
  • the first semiconductor material is an element semiconductor, for example silicon
  • the second semiconductor material is a compound semiconductor, in particular silicon carbide or gallium nitride.
  • Different semiconductor materials have different band gaps, so that, for example, a semiconductor material with a smaller band gap is used for the first switching element than for the second switching element. Due to the chemical composition also differ in different element semiconductors or compound semiconductors with each other, the band gaps. When using an element semiconductor in an inverter and a compound semiconductor in another inverter even larger band gap differences may arise. The greater the differences between the band gaps, the greater the differences between the electrical and chemical properties of the semiconductor materials and thus also of the individual switching elements and the inverters.
  • an electric drive or an electrical machine with connected inverters is thus provided, wherein the inverters have different electrical and / or chemical properties.
  • the electrical power of the inverters are different in size. In particular, they have a ratio of about 55% to 45%, 60% to 40%, 70% to 30%, or 80% to 20%, 90% to 10%, or vice versa.
  • the inverters of the electric machine have different electrical powers.
  • a single inverter can be operated in a power range up to a maximum power. Within this power range, there is at least one operating point where the single inverter can be operated most efficiently. It is desirable to operate this inverter as possible in this operating point. It is desirable to operate this inverter as possible in this operating point. Since at least two inverters of different high power are connected to the electric machine, at least two different operating points result, in each case one of the two inverters being operated most efficiently.
  • a third efficient operating point results from the joint operation of both inverters in their respective most efficient operating point.
  • an electric drive ie an electrical machine with connected inverters, which can be operated very efficiently in the vicinity of at least one of the three most efficient operating points due to the ability to connect and disconnect the individual inverters and their different sized rated power depending on a power demand
  • the electric machine is designed as a rotary motor. This means that the electric machine has a stator and a rotor, wherein, during operation of the electric machine, the rotor moves concentrically with respect to the stator.
  • an efficiently operable electric machine is provided.
  • the two inverters connected to the electrical machine are designed as two single-tooth control systems of the electrical machine.
  • a separate electronics and thus a separate control for each coil is provided per individual winding or single coil provided within the electrical machine.
  • the first and the second inverters are configured to convert electrical energy of at least one energy source for supplying in each case at least one winding.
  • the inverters connected to the electric machine serve to convert a DC voltage into an AC voltage to supply the electrical windings of the electrical machine.
  • the inverters are electrically connected to at least one energy source.
  • An energy source is a DC source, for example a battery, an accumulator, a fuel cell, a power grid or a different type of power module.
  • the inverters are not connected to a common power source, but several energy sources are available, which are each connected individually or jointly to one or more inverters.
  • an electric machine is provided with connected inverters, which can be supplied very varied with electrical energy.
  • the invention comprises a drive train with an electric machine.
  • a drive train is used for example for driving an electric vehicle.
  • it comprises an energy source or battery Rie and / or a DC / DC converter for supplying the electrical machine.
  • a drive train is provided with an electric machine that can be operated efficiently.
  • the invention comprises a vehicle with a described drive train.
  • the vehicle includes in particular drive wheels for driving the vehicle.
  • a vehicle is thus provided with an electric machine, which can be operated efficiently.
  • the invention relates to a method for operating an electrical machine having at least one first winding and a first inverter connected thereto and at least one second winding and a second inverter connected thereto.
  • An inverter comprises at least one switching element.
  • the first inverter comprises a first switching element of a first semiconductor material and the second inverter a second switching element of a second semiconductor material.
  • the first switching element is operated with a first operating mode and the second switching element with a second operating mode.
  • operating mode are meant, for example, different control methods, signal paths, types of modulation or switching frequencies.
  • a method for operating an electrical machine is thus provided, in which the individual switching elements are operated optimally depending on their electrical and chemical properties.
  • the first switching element is operated at a lower switching frequency than the second switching element during operation of the electric machine. Due to the different semiconductor materials used and their different electrical properties of the first and second switching element, it is possible to operate one switching element at a significantly higher frequency than the other, without causing damage to the inverters or switching elements due to overvoltage or overheating.
  • a substantially lower switching frequency is specified than for the operation of the second module.
  • a switching frequency is predetermined for the operation of the first module, which is at least 10% less than the switching frequency, which is specified for the operation of the second module.
  • a method for operating an electrical machine is thus provided, in which the individual switching elements are operated optimally depending on their electrical and chemical properties.
  • the first switching element is operated with a first drive method, in particular pulse width modulated
  • the second switch element is operated with a second drive method, in particular in block mode.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • SVPWM space-vector pulse width modulation
  • block operation can be used as different drive methods, for example.
  • a method for operating an electrical machine is thus provided, in which the individual switching elements are operated optimally depending on their electrical and chemical properties.
  • the invention relates to a computer program which is set up to carry out the methods described so far. Furthermore, the invention comprises a machine-readable storage medium on which the computer program described is stored.
  • FIG. 1 A first figure.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an electrical machine 100, which has a first winding 110 and a second winding 160.
  • the first winding 110 is three-phase 110_1, 110_2, 110_3 and the second winding 160, 160_1, 160_2, 160_3 is designed in three-phase.
  • a first inverter 120 is connected to the first winding 110 of the electric machine 100.
  • the first inverter 120 has at least one first switching element 130.
  • FIG. 1 shows an inverter 120 which converts a DC input voltage from an energy source 700 into three alternating voltages for supplying the three phases of the first winding 110 of the electrical machine 100 by means of three half-bridges.
  • a half bridge has, for example, two first switching elements 130_1, 130_2 for this purpose.
  • a first switching element 130_1 is connected on the one hand to the positive pole of the energy source 700 and on the other hand to a second first switching element 130_2 whose second terminal is connected to the negative pole of the energy source 700.
  • an alternating voltage can be tapped which serves to supply one phase of the winding 110 of the electric machine 100.
  • the second half-bridge with the switching elements 130_3 and 130_4, and the third half-bridge with the switching elements 130_5 and 130_6 are constructed. According to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG.
  • FIG. 1 shows a drive train 300 that includes the electrical machine 100 with the two inverters 120, 170.
  • the drive train may include the connected or connectable electrical energy source 700.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows an electric machine 100 with a rotor 190 and a concentric stator 195.
  • the electric machine is equipped with so-called single-tooth drives 120_1..120_4 and 170_1..170_8.
  • These single-tooth actuators each include an inverter, which Voltage is converted into an AC voltage to supply the single-tooth windings 110_4..110_7 and 160_4..160_11.
  • the inverters of the single-tooth drivers 120_1..120_4 are equipped with a first switching element 130 made of a first semiconductor material.
  • the Einzelffyan Kunststoffmaschine 170 include inverters, which are equipped with a second switching element 180 made of a second semiconductor material.
  • this electric machine 100 is equipped with four single-tooth drives for the single-tooth windings 110_4..110_7 with, for example, semiconductor elements made of silicon carbide or gallium nitride and equipped with eight single-tooth drives for the single-tooth windings 160_4..160_11 with, for example, silicon semiconductor elements.
  • the electric machine 100 is operated with long-lasting base load with the low-loss single-tooth drives made of silicon carbide.
  • the eight additional Einzelzahnan horrungen comprising switching elements of cheaper semiconductor material, in particular silicon, additionally controlled. Overall, a cost-reduced mixed topology results compared to a topology in which, for example, all the switching elements are made of a compound semiconductor or silicon carbide.
  • FIG. 3 shows a vehicle 400 with a drive train 300.
  • the vehicle 400 includes the drive train 300 with the electrical machine 100 with the two inverters 120, 170.
  • the vehicle 400 may include the connected or connectable electrical energy source 700 or at least one drive wheel 410.
  • FIG. 4 shows a flow chart 950 of a method for operating an electric machine 100 having at least two inverters 120 and 170, wherein the first inverter 120 comprises a first switching element 130 made of a first semiconductor material and the second inverter 170 comprises a second switching element 180 made of a second semiconductor material ,
  • the method starts.
  • the electric machine 100 is operated, wherein the first switching element 130 is operated with a first mode and the second switching element 180 with a second mode.
  • the switching frequencies with which the switching elements 130, 180 are controlled be significantly different, for example. 2 kHz to 10 kHz and 50 kHz or depending on the application, for example in DC-DC converters, 10 kHz and 300 kHz.
  • different types of modulation can be used to control the switching elements 130, 180.
  • the method ends.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une machine électrique (100) comprenant au moins un premier enroulement (110) auquel est raccordé un premier onduleur (120), et un deuxième enroulement (160) auquel est raccordé un deuxième onduleur (170). Un onduleur (120, 170) comprend au moins un élément commutateur (130, 180). Le premier onduleur (120) comprend un premier élément commutateur (130) réalisé dans un matériau semi-conducteur. Le deuxième onduleur (170) comprend un deuxième élément commutateur (180) réalisé dans un deuxième matériau semi-conducteur.
PCT/EP2017/055516 2016-04-28 2017-03-09 Machine électrique pourvue de deux onduleurs raccordés Ceased WO2017186392A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016207288.9 2016-04-28
DE102016207288.9A DE102016207288A1 (de) 2016-04-28 2016-04-28 Elektrische Maschine mit zwei angeschlossenen Wechselrichtern

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017186392A1 true WO2017186392A1 (fr) 2017-11-02

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PCT/EP2017/055516 Ceased WO2017186392A1 (fr) 2016-04-28 2017-03-09 Machine électrique pourvue de deux onduleurs raccordés

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DE (1) DE102016207288A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017186392A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112701991A (zh) * 2019-10-22 2021-04-23 保时捷股份公司 用于操控电机的方法和用于车辆的驱动系统

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019130306A1 (de) * 2019-11-11 2021-05-12 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Elektromaschine
DE102022205304A1 (de) 2022-05-25 2023-11-30 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Fahrzeugantrieb-Inverter mit hybrider Transistortechnologie und leistungsabhängiger Transistornutzung
DE102023117057A1 (de) 2023-06-28 2025-01-02 Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh Stromrichter, elektrische Maschineneinheit und Verfahren zum Stromrichten
DE102023121846A1 (de) 2023-07-04 2025-01-09 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Elektrische Antriebseinheit für ein Kraftfahrzeug

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0886371A1 (fr) * 1997-06-20 1998-12-23 Alcatel Méthode de commande d'onduleurs connectés en parallèle pour alimenter un moteur asynchrone et circuit correspondant
US20100141190A1 (en) * 2006-06-15 2010-06-10 Lenze Drives Gmbh Driving with inverters with low switching losses
US20120099353A1 (en) * 2009-09-16 2012-04-26 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Power converting apparatus
EP2896532A1 (fr) * 2014-01-15 2015-07-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système d'entraînement redondant

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0886371A1 (fr) * 1997-06-20 1998-12-23 Alcatel Méthode de commande d'onduleurs connectés en parallèle pour alimenter un moteur asynchrone et circuit correspondant
US20100141190A1 (en) * 2006-06-15 2010-06-10 Lenze Drives Gmbh Driving with inverters with low switching losses
US20120099353A1 (en) * 2009-09-16 2012-04-26 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Power converting apparatus
EP2896532A1 (fr) * 2014-01-15 2015-07-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système d'entraînement redondant

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112701991A (zh) * 2019-10-22 2021-04-23 保时捷股份公司 用于操控电机的方法和用于车辆的驱动系统
US12003201B2 (en) 2019-10-22 2024-06-04 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Method for controlling an electric machine and drive system for a vehicle
CN112701991B (zh) * 2019-10-22 2024-09-27 保时捷股份公司 用于操控电机的方法和用于车辆的驱动系统

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