WO2017191505A1 - Procédé et appareil permettant d'augmenter l'efficacité de systèmes de chauffage à basse température ou à haute température par utilisation du principe de pompe à chaleur - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil permettant d'augmenter l'efficacité de systèmes de chauffage à basse température ou à haute température par utilisation du principe de pompe à chaleur Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2017191505A1
WO2017191505A1 PCT/IB2017/000574 IB2017000574W WO2017191505A1 WO 2017191505 A1 WO2017191505 A1 WO 2017191505A1 IB 2017000574 W IB2017000574 W IB 2017000574W WO 2017191505 A1 WO2017191505 A1 WO 2017191505A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
transfer medium
primary
unit
cooling system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2017/000574
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2017191505A4 (fr
Inventor
Darko GORICANEC
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of Maribor
Original Assignee
University of Maribor
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SI201600123A external-priority patent/SI25205A/sl
Priority claimed from SI201600155A external-priority patent/SI25229A/sl
Application filed by University of Maribor filed Critical University of Maribor
Priority to CN201780027776.4A priority Critical patent/CN109477642A/zh
Priority to EP17745486.5A priority patent/EP3452758A1/fr
Priority to US16/097,251 priority patent/US20200326077A1/en
Priority to CA3023380A priority patent/CA3023380C/fr
Priority to JP2018558145A priority patent/JP2019515237A/ja
Publication of WO2017191505A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017191505A1/fr
Publication of WO2017191505A4 publication Critical patent/WO2017191505A4/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/18—Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
    • F24T50/00—Geothermal systems 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/11—Geothermal energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16—Waste heat
    • F24D2200/19—Fuel cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16—Waste heat
    • F24D2200/26—Internal combustion engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16—Waste heat
    • F24D2200/30—Friction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/40—Geothermal heat-pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy

Definitions

  • the main object of the invention relates to the methods and apparatus for increasing the heating/cooling power of the cogeneration and/or tri-generation power plants by employing the heat pump principle for exploiting the available renewable low temperature heat sources (i.e. from ambient/ground), wherein the heat generated by the heat pump principle utilization is preferably used for preheating, more particularly, for increasing the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the return line of the heat distribution network (i.e. district heating).
  • EP2299098 discloses a system for gas or liquid fuel driven cogeneration with incorporated heat pump for waste heat source utilization, wherein EP2299098 does not teach or discloses any hint which could lead skilled person from the art to introduce the heat, generated by the heat pump to the return line of the heat distribution circuit with aim to increase the overall efficiency of the power conversion and COP of the heat pump.
  • solution according to the US2006005991 1 comprises a cogeneration unit with incorporated heat pump for renewable heat source utilization, wherein the heat generated by the heat pump is in contrast to herein disclosed solution not used to upgrade the heat and to increase the temperature of the heat transfer medium in return line of heat distribution circuit with an aim to increase the inlet temperature of the coolant medium to its maximum allowed value, but just to introduce the upgraded heat of renewable source (i.e. ground loops) to the storage tank as the heat source for the heat distribution circuit, hence the COP and overall efficiency of disclosed solution is substantially lower than for herein disclosed solution.
  • the COP and overall efficiency of disclosed solution is substantially lower than for herein disclosed solution.
  • Cogeneration and trigeneration systems, heat pumps, gas turbines, generators, and heat or internal or external combustion engines are well-known processes for converting the primary energy into mechanical or electrical energy into heat, and therefore the operation of these processes are not broadly explained under this patent application.
  • cogeneration systems of fuel cells stacks for the conversion of the primary energy source into electricity in heat and heat pumps used for pumping heat from a lower to higher temperature level are well-known technical solutions from state of the art, and therefore the operation of these procedures and processes is not broadly explained in the context of this patent application as well.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is preferably a cogeneration or trigeneration system assembly comprising at least one heat engine (i.e.: fuel cell, internal combustion engine or external combustion engine, etc.) wherein its waste heat during device operation is preferably collected by heat exchangers, thus reused and transferred from its cooling and/or exhaust system to the closed loop circuit comprising heat transfer medium for transferring the heat within the piping network.
  • Said closed loop circuit shall be considered as a heat distribution network being part of a partial house, central heating, district heating, or said network is a part of the installation for a vehicle, truck, or a vessel.
  • said heat transfer medium is preferably in a liquid state (i.e.
  • the heat source of cogeneration/trigeneration i.e. cooling/exhaust system
  • the heat source of cogeneration/trigeneration shall be considered as a primary heat releasing unit/source of the power plant, which is essentially used for heating the heat transfer medium in the heat distribution network to the required temperature level.
  • device further comprises at least one, preferably water source/type heat pump for renewable and waste heat source utilization, wherein at least a portion of the heat, generated by said heat pump, is used to increase the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the return line of said head distribution network to its maximum allowed value, where threshold and set-point values shall be defined in accordance with the specifications for components, provided by a manufacturer (i.e. - maximum allowed inlet temperature of the coolant (heat transfer medium) for internal combustion engine, fuel cell, ... ).
  • heat generated by the heat pump in function of a secondary (i.e. auxiliary) heat releasing source is preferably used to reach and maintain the inlet temperature of the heat transfer medium in the return line oh heat distribution network at maximum possible temperature level, hence to achieve and utilize a best possible COP and overall system efficiency from energy harvesting point of view.
  • heat pump principle utilization i.e. liquid-vapor phase change cycle utilization
  • a single stage or two-stage heat pump is incorporated into the cogeneration assembly, or employed as a standalone sub-component of the power plant.
  • at least one renewable heat source is used for liquid-vapor phase change cycle utilization for heat pump principle emloyment, wherein advanced embodiments shall harvest all available heat sources, including waste heat sources of the power plant (i.e.: exhaust gas, oil cooling system; charging air,) and from surrounding ambient/space (i.e. air, earth/ground heat, geothermal, groundwater, rivers, lakes or standing waters, geothermal waters, etc.).
  • Cogeneration and/or tri-generation power plants known from prior art comprises a primary heat releasing unit, comprising a heat engine, fuel cell, internal combustion engine or external combustion engine, which is essentially used for heating the heat transfer medium to the required temperature level of the target heat distribution network, but none of known solutions does not give any hint which would lead the skilled person to use the heat pump principle with renewable heat source utilization for increasing the coolant inlet temperature, wherein the heat generated by the heat pump principle utilization is preferably introduced in the return line of the heat distribution network and used for increasing the temperature of the coolant of cooling system for said primary heat releasing unit to its maximum allowed value (i.e. maximum allowed inlet temperature of coolant for the cooling system of internal combustion engine, fuel cell, etc.).
  • the device according to the invention is preferably a cogeneration or trigeneration system assembly comprising at least one heat engine, fuel cell, internal combustion engine or external combustion engine, wherein its waste heat generated by device operation is preferably collected by heat exchangers, thus reused and transferred from its cooling and/or exhaust system to the closed loop circuit comprising heat transfer medium for transferring the heat within the piping network.
  • Said closed loop circuit shall be preferably considered as a heat distribution network being part of a partial house, central heating, district heating, or said network is a sub-auxiliary component adapted to fit a vehicle, truck, or a vessel.
  • said heat transfer medium is preferably a liquid (i.e.
  • the heat source of cogeneration/trigeneration i.e. cooling/exhaust system
  • the heat source of cogeneration/trigeneration shall be considered as a primary heat source of the combined heat and power plant, which is essentially used to increase the temperature of at least one heat transfer medium in the heat distribution network to the required temperature level.
  • device further comprises at least one, preferably water source/type heat pump for renewable and waste heat source utilization, wherein at least a portion of the heat, generated by said heat pump, is used to increase the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the return line of said head distribution network to its maximum allowed value, where threshold and set-point values shall be aligned with the specifications for components, provided by individual manufacturer (i.e. - maximum allowed inlet temperature of the coolant (heat transfer medium) for internal combustion engine, fuel cell, ... ).
  • heat generated by the heat pump shall be considered as a secondary (i.e. back up) heat releasing source, which is preferably used to reach and maintain the inlet temperature of the coolant (i.e. heat transfer medium in the return line) at maximum possible temperature level, hence to achieve and utilize a best possible coefficient of performance (i.e. COP) and overall system efficiency from energy harvesting and power conversion point of view.
  • Apparatus according to the invention comprises at least one heat pump, further comprising a compressor, evaporator, expansion valve, condenser, and other subcomponents from state of the art, wherein a single stage or two-stage heat pump is incorporated into the cogeneration assembly, or employed as a standalone subcomponent of the power plant.
  • at least one low- temperature heat source of renewable energy is used for evaporation of said working medium in the process of heat pump principle utilization, wherein alternative embodiments shall harvest and exploit any of the available heat sources, including waste heat sources of the power plant, and heat sources from surrounding ambient/space (i.e. air, earth/ground heat, geothermal, groundwater, rivers, lakes or standing waters, geothermal waters, etc.).
  • the heat pump heats the cooling fluid downstream of the heat consumer (i.e. in the return line), wherein at least two advantages can be seen: the temperature at the return line is lower than at the supply line, so that the heat pump has to heat the fluid to lower temperatures (better COP).
  • the control parameter is therefore the temperature of the cooling fluid at the entry of the cooling system for primary heat releasing unit (i.e. cooling system for internal combustion engine, fuel cell). This temperature is easier to control than the classic water temperature at the user (i.e. less fluctuation). It is therefore essential to notice, that at least a portion of the low-temperature heat available from ambient (i.e.
  • ground water ⁇ 10°C is upgraded to the higher-temperature heat (i.e.: 60°C - max. inlet coolant temperature) by the heat pump principle utilization, wherein generated heat is preferably introduced into the return line of the heat distribution network with aim to increase the inlet temperature of the coolant for cooling system of the primary heat source auxiliaries (i.e. fuel cell cooling system) preferably up to the maximum allowed value, specified by auxiliary component manufacturer, thus substantially higher efficiency of overall power conversion is achieved.
  • the primary heat source auxiliaries i.e. fuel cell cooling system
  • at least one outlet of the condenser unit of said heat pump is adapted to be associated with the inflow of the cooling system for at least one primary heat releasing unit (i.e. cooling system of the fuel cell, internal combustion engine, etc.).
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematics of a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention. There are shown and marked: fuel cell (FC), cogeneration of heat and power (CHP), heat exchanger (HE1 , HE2), heat pump (HP) with associated condenser (HPC), evaporator (HPE), compressor (C) and expansion valve (EV), valve (V1 ), hatch (H1 ), pumps (PU1 to PU2), electric cable (EC), heat accumulator (HA), external environment - ambient (A), and pipes of a heat distribution network between heat sources and heat consumer (HC) (i.e. load).
  • FC fuel cell
  • CHP cogeneration of heat and power
  • HPC heat exchanger
  • HPE heat pump
  • HPE evaporator
  • C compressor
  • EV expansion valve
  • V1 valve
  • hatch H1
  • pumps PU1 to PU2
  • EC electric cable
  • HA heat accumulator
  • A external environment - ambient
  • FIG 2 shows a schematics of a simplified embodiment of the device according to the Figure 1 .
  • fuel cell FC
  • heat exchanger HE1
  • HP heat pump
  • HP hatch
  • H1 pumps
  • PU1 in PU2 pumps
  • EC electric cable
  • HA heat accumulator
  • ambient A
  • renewable energy source HS
  • pipes of a heat distribution network between heat sources and heat consumer HC
  • FIG 3 shows a schematics of an advanced embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • FC fuel cell
  • HP heat pump
  • HP heat pump
  • HP heat pump
  • HP heat pump
  • HP heat pump
  • HP heat pump
  • HP heat pump
  • HP heat pump
  • HP heat pump
  • HP heat pump
  • HP heat pump
  • HP heat pump
  • HP heat pump
  • HP evaporators
  • HPEX compressor
  • EV expansion valve
  • hatches H1 , H2
  • pumps PU1 - PU3
  • electrical cable EC
  • HA heat accumulator
  • ambient ambient
  • A ambient
  • HC heat distribution network between the heat sources and heat consumer
  • FIG 4 shows a schematics of an another embodiment of the device according to the invention, similar to the one shown in Figure 1 , wherein cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) assembly comprises an internal combustion engine (ICE).
  • CHP cogeneration of heat and power
  • ICE internal combustion engine
  • CS cooling system
  • G generator
  • HP heat pump
  • HPC heat pump
  • HPE1 evaporator
  • C compressor
  • EV expansion valve
  • H1 pump
  • pumps PU1 to PU2
  • HA heat accumulator ambient
  • A renewable energy source
  • HS renewable energy source
  • HC heat distribution network between heat sources and heat consumer
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematics of the advanced embodiment of the device according to the Figure 4.
  • cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) assembly comprising an internal combustion engine (ICE) with adapted cooling system (CS) and heat exchangers (HE1 , HE2), generator (G) for production of electricity, electric cable (EC), heat pump (HP), evaporators (HPE1 in HPE2), compressor (C), expansion valve (EV), hatches (H1 to H2), pumps (PU1 - PU3) ), heat accumulator (HA), ambient (A), a renewable energy source (HS) and pipes of a heat distribution network between heat sources and heat consumer (HC).
  • CHP cogeneration of heat and power
  • the cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) assembly comprises at least one primary heat source (i.e. fuel cell (FC) or internal combustion engine (ICE)) with adapted heat exchangers (HE1 , HE2) for waste heat (i.e. flue gas) recuperation, and at least one heat pump (HP) with adapted evaporator (HPE) for renewable energy source (HS) utilization.
  • primary heat source i.e. fuel cell (FC) or internal combustion engine (ICE)
  • HE1 , HE2 adapted heat exchangers
  • HP heat pump
  • HPE adapted evaporator
  • HS renewable energy source
  • the waste heat of said primary heat source for the cogeneration of the heat and power (CHP) assembly is at least partially introduced into the heat distribution network by heat exchangers (HE1 , HE2), wherein the high-temperature heat of the flue gas is introduced into the supply line of the heat distribution network by the first heat exchanger (HE1 ) (i.e. the temperature of the flue gas is reduced below 140°C), and similarly, the second heat exchanger (HE2) is preferably adapted to utilize the residual, low-temperature heat, by reducing the temperature of the flue gas as low as possible (preferably ⁇ 35°C), wherein collected low-temperature heat is due to its low temperature leverl preferably introduced to the return line of said heat distribution network.
  • solution according to herein disclosed invention may comprise only one heat exchanger, as represented in Figure 2, or as an alternative, the heat distribution network may comprise a plurality of heat exchangers in serial, parallel or cascade connection.
  • said low-temperature waste heat can be directly utilized and transferred to said heat distribution network if and until there exists a sufficient temperature difference for heat flux principle utilization (i.e. convection, conduction,), thus said heat distribution network may comprise plurality of bypass connections, like shown on Figures 1 -5 (control valve/hatches (H1 , H2) for flue gas volume flow manipulation), or like shown on the Figure 1 (control valve (V1 ) for heat transfer medium manipulation).
  • control valve (H1 , H2) control valve/hatches (H1 , H2) for flue gas volume flow manipulation
  • control valve (V1 ) for heat transfer medium manipulation
  • the mass/volume flow of any heat transfer medium in said heat distribution network can be successfully controlled and automatized by other means, like motorized control valves, sensors, pumps (PU1 -PU3), etc..
  • the cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) assembly with incorporated means for flue gas waste heat source utilization represents the primary heat releasing unit/source of the power plant, wherein other heat sources involved with the power plant (i.e. internal combustion engine (ICE) cooling system (CS)) are considered as part of the primary heat releasing unit/source as well.
  • CHP heat and power
  • ICE internal combustion engine
  • a cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) assembly may comprise a heat pump (HP) to increase the overall efficiency of available heat sources utilization, wherein said heat pump (HP) comprises at least one evaporator (HPE), adapted to receive the heat from at least one renewable heat source (HS), wherein received heat is upgraded to the higher temperatures (i.e.: 60°C) by heat pump principle utilization, and at least partially transferred to the heat distribution network.
  • HPE evaporator
  • HS renewable heat source
  • the heat generated by the heat pump (HP) is preferably used to reach and maintain the maximum allowed inlet temperature for the cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) assembly auxiliaries components (i.e. maximum coolant inlet temperature for fuel cell (FC) cooling system; maximum coolant inlet temperature for internal combustion engine (ICE) cooling system (CS)), wherein the target set- point and threshold values has to be aligned and approved by auxiliary component manufacturer.
  • CHP heat and power
  • heat pump (HP) may comprise a plurality of evaporators (HPE1 , HPE2) and/or condensers (HPC) for utilization of single or multiple, low- temperature waste and renewable heat sources (HS), wherein the heat upgraded by a heat pump (HP) principle utilization is still preferably used for preheating the coolant (i.e. heat transfer medium in the return line of heat distribution network) for cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) assembly auxiliaries (i.e.
  • the one of the main objectives of the method according to the invention is to introduce the heat, generated by the heat pump principle utilization to the return line of the heat distribution network (i.e. a supply line of the coolant for fuel cell (FC) or internal combustion engine (ICE) cooling system (CS)), at least one of the heat pump (HP) condenser (HPC) is adapted to transfer the heat generated by the heat pump (HP) principle utilization to the return line of the heat distribution network.
  • the heat pump (HP) condenser (HPC) is adapted to transfer the heat generated by the heat pump (HP) principle utilization to the return line of the heat distribution network.
  • Apparatus according to the invention may comprise any type of a fuel cell (FC) in any range of nominal power including micro cogeneration plant dimensioned for nominal power under 10k, wherein complex embodiment of proposed solution may comprise plurality of fuel cell (FC) stack units in parallel, serial or cascade connection, or any combination thereof.
  • FC fuel cell
  • the cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) assembly may comprise plurality of internal/external combustion engines (i.e.: Diesel engine, Sterling engine, etc.), wherein each may further comprise electric power generator (G), hence generated electric power may be in full or in part used for propulsion of the cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) assembly, including the compressor (C) of the heat pump (HP), and other auxiliaries of the apparatus according to the invention.
  • internal/external combustion engines i.e.: Diesel engine, Sterling engine, etc.
  • G electric power generator
  • the individual unit of the primary heat source i.e. fuel cell (FC); internal combustion engine (ICE)
  • FC fuel cell
  • ICE internal combustion engine
  • the apparatus according to the invention further comprises a heat accumulator (HA) for compensation of the heat demand of consumers (HC) and equalization of heat requirement peak demands designed for the target heat distribution network.
  • HA heat accumulator
  • Heat exchangers for waste heat source and/or renewable heat source (HS) utilization may comprise and type of heat exchangers well known from state of the art, wherein in case of utilization of condensing type heat exchanger apparatus shall further comprise additional means for waste flue gas condensate neutralization, deionizer, etc.. It can be understood, that disclosed method of increasing the efficiency of energy conversion can be adapted to any stationary or mobile applications, including ships, planes and other vehicles for means of transportation, wherein the heat consumer (HC) may be any auxiliary component of the target application (i.e. low-temperature or high-temperature district heating; HVAC, etc.).
  • Said compressor (C) is preferably powered by electric energy provided by generator (G) or fuel cell (FC), wherein in another embodiment said compressor shall be powered by and other available mechanical or electric source of power (i.e.: generator (G) driven by mechanical connection with internal combustion engine (ICE), electricity from grid, etc.).
  • Said heat distribution network shall comprise a single or multiple loop heat transfer connection, which shall comprise a single or plurality of open loop connections (i.e.: sanitary hot water preparation) for heat distribution as well.
  • heat distribution network shall comprise one or plurality of heat transfer mediums in liquid or gas aggregate state/condition (i.e.: preferable heat transfer medium in heat distribution network is water; preferable heat transfer medium for internal combustion engine (ICE) and its heat exchanger/cooling system (CS) is mix of water and glycol, etc.).
  • preferable heat transfer medium in heat distribution network is water
  • preferable heat transfer medium for internal combustion engine (ICE) and its heat exchanger/cooling system (CS) is mix of water and glycol, etc.
  • apparatus may comprise single or plurality of its subcomponents (i.e.; fuel cell (FC), internal combustion engine (ICE), heat pump (HP), heat exchangers (HE), heat consumers (HC), etc.) in serial, parallel or cascade connection, wherein it is essential to notice, that at least one of included heat pump (HP) is used for renewable heat source (HS) utilization, wherein at least a portion of the upgraded heat generated by heat pump principle utilization is used to reach and sustain a maximum allowed inlet temperature of the cooling medium for apparatus auxiliary components of the apparatus (i.e.
  • At least one of the heat pump (HP) condenser (HPC) is adapted to be coupled to the supply line of at least one of the primary heat source cooling system (CS) in said heat distribution network with an aim to increase the inlet temperature of the coolant for the fuel cell (FC) (or internal/external combustion engine cooling system (CS) to its maximum allowed temperature (i.e. set point at maximum coolant inlet temperature with optional threshold value with optional different operating regime; max performance; max power; max. efficiency; min. operating costs; etc.).
  • a fuel combustion process where a cooling system (i.e. heat exchanger) of at least one primary heat source unit (i.e. fuel cell (FC), internal combustion engine (ICE), etc.) is used to collect the waste heat and to provide a primary heat releasing unit for heating at least one heat transfer medium in said heat distribution network, wherein at least one waste heat source arise when said primary heat releasing source/unit is turned on and operating by firing the fuel in the combustion or other exothermic process.
  • a cooling system i.e. heat exchanger
  • at least one primary heat source unit i.e. fuel cell (FC), internal combustion engine (ICE), etc.
  • FC fuel cell
  • ICE internal combustion engine
  • a renewable heat devisiton process comprises a process of collecting the heat of at least on low-temperature heat source from an ambient (A), wherein at least one heat exchanger is used to collect at least a portion of available heat of source from group of renewable heat sources comprising: surrounding air, earth/ground heat, geothermal heat, groundwater, rivers, lakes, and standing waters. Accordingly, plurality of heat exchangers in parallel, serial or cascade connection shall be used to provide an advanced apparatus for renewable heat harvesting process utilization.
  • a waste heat recovery process comprises a process of collecting the waste heat, wherein at least one waste heat recovery unit (i.e. heat exchanger) is used to collect at least a portion of the heat of at least one waste heat source from group of waste heat sources comprising: a flue gas in exhaust system, charging air of charging air cooling system or lubrication oil in lubrication oil cooling system. Accordingly, plurality of waste heat recovery units in parallel or serial connection shall be used to provide an advanced apparatus for waste heat recovery process utilization.
  • at least one waste heat recovery unit i.e. heat exchanger
  • group of waste heat sources comprising: a flue gas in exhaust system, charging air of charging air cooling system or lubrication oil in lubrication oil cooling system.
  • At least one heat pump (HP) shall be used to provide a secondary heat releasing unit for heating at least one heat transfer medium in said heat distribution network, at least when said heat pump (HP) is turned on and operating. Accordingly, plurality of heat pumps (HP) units in parallel, serial or cascade connection is used to provide an advanced edition of the secondary heat releasing unit.
  • the temperature of the heat distribution medium for cooling system of at least one primary heat releasing unit is substantially higher than the lowest temperature of the heat distribution medium in at least one heat consumer (HC).
  • HC heat consumer
  • combustion process is substantially a continuous process
  • individual unit of said primary heat releasing unit normally operates in the range between its minimum and maximum rated operating power, preferably at nominal rated power in continuous operation.
  • the liquid-vapor phase change thermodynamic cycle utilization process is substantially a continuous process, wherein said heat pump (HP) operates in the range between its minimum and maximum rated operating power, preferably at nominal rated power in continuous operation.
  • the fuel combustion process in complex (i.e. advanced) heat and power cogeneration plant shall be provided by plurality of primary heat releasing units (i.e.
  • liquid-vapor phase change thermodynamic cycle utilization process shall be utilized by plurality of heat pump (HP) units to provide a secondary heat releasing unit for advanced large scale heat and power cogeneration plants (i.e. sized >1 MW).
  • the thermal energy balance adjustment is executed by adapting the power of said secondary heat releasing unit (i.e.: heat pump (HP)) and/or by adapting the power of individual unit of the primary heat releasing units (i.e. fuel cell (FC)), and/or by adapting the mass flow of the primary heat transfer medium through the cooling system of individual unit of said primary heat releasing unit, and/or by adapting the mass flow of the primary heat transfer medium through the heat pump (HP) and/or by adapting the mass flow of the secondary heat transfer medium in at least one of the circuits for collecting the heat of at least one renewable or waste heat source.
  • heat pump heat pump
  • FC fuel cell
  • the mass flow of the primary heat transfer medium in said heat distribution circuit is adapted by changing the flow velocity in said heat distribution circuit, and/or the mass flow of the secondary heat transfer medium in said closed loop circuit is adapted by changing the flow velocity in said closed loop circuit, wherein the velocity of heat transfer medium in heat distribution network is adapted by switching (i.e. on/off regulation) and/or by adjusting the power of at least one circulation pump for mass flow adjustment.
  • the mass flow of the secondary heat transfer medium in said closed loop circuit for waste heat source utilization is adapted by stream flow regulation, wherein at least a portion of the secondary heat transfer medium stream is redirected in said closed loop circuit to provide a bypass connection for at least one waste heat recovery unit.
  • the mass flow regulation of the primary heat transfer medium and/or the mass flow regulation of the secondary heat transfer medium for thermal energy balance adjustment is determined, controlled and executed by at least one control unit (i.e. electronic controller), wherein the position and/or the state (i.e. open/closed or on/off regulation) of the automated regulation means is adjusted in respect to the heat demand in said heat distribution network.
  • At least one control unit i.e. electronic controller
  • Apparatus according to the invention further comprises at least one control unit, wherein such a controller shall be autonomous device for thermal
  • the thermal management controller for determination process, comparison process and execution process could be incorporated and implemented to the main controller of the combined heat and power plant, or to any other subcomponents controller as well.
  • the environment and thermal conditions of heat distribution network is determined by the group of thermal, pressure or other sensors, wherein at least one input from at least one sensor of heat distribution network or internal combustion engine (ICE) is used for comparison process, where at least one value of at least one input parameter (i.e. preferably a temperature of the primary heat transfer medium in engine cooling system) is analyzed and compared to the limiting values, preferably being pre-defined and stored in the control unit.
  • ICE internal combustion engine
  • the execution process comprises a process of executing instructions stored in control unit to generate appropriate output signal, where at least one parameter for thermal energy balance adjustment is generated, executed and performed by control electronics in cooperation with automated regulation means in order to reach and maintain the threshold set- point value, wherein said threshold value is defined between the maximum value and the minimum value for set point equal value with aim to provide a hysteresis for thermal energy balance adjustment.
  • control unit i.e. electronic module
  • the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the heat transfer network is determined, controlled and regulated by a group of automated regulation means comprising motorized valves, pumps and sensors, wherein regulation means are preferably adapted to be manipulated by at least one control unit.
  • the heat distribution process in heat distribution network is provided by at least one heat transfer medium, preferably by plurality of heat distribution mediums (i.e. Figure 3 and figure 5).
  • the heat in said heat transfer network is transferred from primary heat releasing unit to the heat consumer (HC) by circulation of the primary heat transfer medium in at least one closed loop circuit, and similarly the heat from waste heat recovery unit is transferred to the heat pump (HP) by circulation of the secondary heat transfer medium in at least one closed loop circuit, wherein the heat upgraded by at least one heat pump (HP) is furthermore transferred from heat pump (HP) condenser unit to the primary heat transfer medium (i.e. increased coolant inlet temperature) and further upgraded in the cooling system of at least one primary heat releasing unit.
  • the renewable heat sources (HS) and the cooling circuits of cogeneration unit (CHP), herein represented as low temperature waste heat sources, are used for utilization of water source high temperature heat pump (HP), wherein its hot water output is preferably used for establishing and maintaining the highest possible or maximum allowed temperature of the primary heat transfer medium for individual primary heat releasing unit (i.e. fuel cell (FC), internal combustion engine (ICE), etc.) cooling system.
  • HP water source high temperature heat pump
  • all vital components of heat distribution circuit are preferably operably coupled for heat transfer medium circulation, wherein the compressor of the incorporated heat pump (HP) shall be driven by electric machine, powered by electricity from grid or generator (G), or alternatively if appropriate, a high temperature heat pumps (HP) compressor shall be mechanically coupled to and driven by internal combustion engine (ICE) as well.
  • the primary heat transfer medium in preferential
  • the secondary heat transfer medium in preferential embodiment is mix of water and glycol.
  • PTL1 US20100003552
  • PTL2 US20100003552
  • PTL3 EP2299098
  • PTL4 DE2009002103
  • PTL5 US2006005991 1
  • NPL1 NPL1

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un appareil permettant d'augmenter l'efficacité d'un système de chauffage à basse température ou à haute température, comprenant une unité de dégagement de chaleur principale (c'est-à-dire une unité de cogénération avec pile à combustible (FC) ou moteur à combustion interne (ICE)) pour la co-génération de la chaleur et de l'énergie, et au moins une unité de dégagement de chaleur secondaire (c'est-à-dire une pompe à chaleur (HP)) pour l'utilisation d'au moins l'une des sources de chaleur à énergie perdue/énergie renouvelable (HS) disponibles à partir de l'environnement (A), où la chaleur produite par ladite pompe à chaleur est de préférence utilisée pour préchauffer le milieu de transfert de chaleur dans la conduite de retour du système de chauffage en boucle fermée, une unité de dégagement de chaleur principale étant utilisée pour chauffer le milieu de transfert de chaleur jusqu'au niveau de température requis du réseau de distribution de chaleur. L'appareil selon l'invention peut comprendre une ou plusieurs pompes à chaleur (HP) de types identiques ou différents, et une ou plusieurs unités de dégagement de chaleur principales dans des circuits de raccordement en série, en parallèle ou en cascade.
PCT/IB2017/000574 2016-05-05 2017-05-05 Procédé et appareil permettant d'augmenter l'efficacité de systèmes de chauffage à basse température ou à haute température par utilisation du principe de pompe à chaleur Ceased WO2017191505A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201780027776.4A CN109477642A (zh) 2016-05-05 2017-05-05 通过热泵原理的利用提高冷却剂入口温度来增加热电联产电厂效率的方法和装置
EP17745486.5A EP3452758A1 (fr) 2016-05-05 2017-05-05 Procédé et appareil permettant d'augmenter l'efficacité de systèmes de chauffage à basse température ou à haute température par utilisation du principe de pompe à chaleur
US16/097,251 US20200326077A1 (en) 2016-05-05 2017-05-05 Method and apparatus for increasing the efficiency of the cogeneration power plant by the heat pump principle utilization for increasing the coolant inlet temperature
CA3023380A CA3023380C (fr) 2016-05-05 2017-05-05 Procede et appareil permettant d'augmenter l'efficacite de systemes de chauffage a basse temperature ou a haute temperature par utilisation du principe de pompe a chaleur
JP2018558145A JP2019515237A (ja) 2016-05-05 2017-05-05 ヒートポンプの原理を利用して冷媒入口温度を高め、コジェネレーション発電所の効率を増加する方法および装置

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SIP-201600123 2016-05-05
SI201600123A SI25205A (sl) 2016-05-05 2016-05-05 Metoda in naprava za izrabo nizkotemperaturnih obnovljivih virov toplote
SIP-201600155 2016-06-20
SI201600155A SI25229A (sl) 2016-06-20 2016-06-20 Metoda in naprava za povečanje izkoristka sistema nizkotemperaturnega ali visokotemperaturnega ogrevanja

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017191505A1 true WO2017191505A1 (fr) 2017-11-09
WO2017191505A4 WO2017191505A4 (fr) 2018-02-22

Family

ID=59416733

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2017/000574 Ceased WO2017191505A1 (fr) 2016-05-05 2017-05-05 Procédé et appareil permettant d'augmenter l'efficacité de systèmes de chauffage à basse température ou à haute température par utilisation du principe de pompe à chaleur

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20200326077A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3452758A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2019515237A (fr)
CN (1) CN109477642A (fr)
CA (1) CA3023380C (fr)
WO (1) WO2017191505A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110701664A (zh) * 2019-11-11 2020-01-17 江苏天舒电器有限公司 宽环温多级出水变频空气能复叠式热机系统及其工作方法
EP3786533A1 (fr) 2019-08-27 2021-03-03 Stephen William John Grant Chauffage auxiliaire

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111442441A (zh) * 2020-04-02 2020-07-24 银川艾尼工业科技开发股份有限公司 一种氢能与自然能热泵供热、制冷集成系统及方法
CN112944445A (zh) * 2021-04-15 2021-06-11 晟源高科(北京)科技有限公司 一种串并联合压缩式热泵供热系统及其投切方法
CN114440296B (zh) * 2021-12-10 2024-05-07 山西大唐国际云冈热电有限责任公司 一种大温差集中供热系统及供热方法
WO2023123276A1 (fr) * 2021-12-28 2023-07-06 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 Système de stockage de chaleur de réseau de tuyaux fondé sur la liaison en série de tuyaux de collecteurs d'alimentation et de retour de réseau d'alimentation en chaleur, et procédé de régulation et de commande associé
CN114046615B (zh) * 2022-01-07 2022-03-29 绍兴学森能源科技有限公司 一种氢燃料电池与热泵互联系统
CN114413311B (zh) * 2022-01-20 2023-07-14 大唐环境产业集团股份有限公司 耦合斜温层储热罐燃煤机组冷端余热供热系统及运行方法
CN119508880B (zh) * 2024-11-29 2025-07-08 广州市长顺环保科技有限公司 一种制热站系统的热泵节能管理方法及系统

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3912113A1 (de) * 1989-04-13 1989-12-07 Ekkehard Dipl Ing Bretting Erweitertes blockheizkraftwerk (bhkw) mit waermepumpe zur restwaermeintegration
DE102012106894A1 (de) * 2011-08-02 2013-02-07 Walter Schmid Kompaktanlage zur Bereitstellung von Wärmeenergie an einen Verbraucher

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8695335B1 (en) * 2012-11-23 2014-04-15 Sten Kreuger Liquid ring system and applications thereof
CN204457897U (zh) * 2015-01-26 2015-07-08 中能绿科（北京）技术有限公司 内燃机的余热综合利用系统
CN105905025A (zh) * 2016-04-23 2016-08-31 广东合即得能源科技有限公司 一种燃料电池房车的热泵热水器系统及制热方法
CN206056005U (zh) * 2016-08-19 2017-03-29 中国华电科工集团有限公司 一种燃气冷热电三联供与地源热泵的复合系统

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3912113A1 (de) * 1989-04-13 1989-12-07 Ekkehard Dipl Ing Bretting Erweitertes blockheizkraftwerk (bhkw) mit waermepumpe zur restwaermeintegration
DE102012106894A1 (de) * 2011-08-02 2013-02-07 Walter Schmid Kompaktanlage zur Bereitstellung von Wärmeenergie an einen Verbraucher

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3786533A1 (fr) 2019-08-27 2021-03-03 Stephen William John Grant Chauffage auxiliaire
GB2595429A (en) * 2019-08-27 2021-12-01 William John Grant Stephen Auxiliary heater
CN110701664A (zh) * 2019-11-11 2020-01-17 江苏天舒电器有限公司 宽环温多级出水变频空气能复叠式热机系统及其工作方法
CN110701664B (zh) * 2019-11-11 2023-05-05 江苏天舒电器有限公司 宽环温多级出水变频空气能复叠式热机系统及其工作方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA3023380C (fr) 2022-01-04
WO2017191505A4 (fr) 2018-02-22
CA3023380A1 (fr) 2017-11-09
US20200326077A1 (en) 2020-10-15
JP2019515237A (ja) 2019-06-06
CN109477642A (zh) 2019-03-15
EP3452758A1 (fr) 2019-03-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20200326077A1 (en) Method and apparatus for increasing the efficiency of the cogeneration power plant by the heat pump principle utilization for increasing the coolant inlet temperature
EP1016775B1 (fr) Récupération de chaleur dans un convertisseur d'énergie organique utilisant un cycle de liquide intermédiare
Zhang et al. The Carnot batteries thermally assisted by the steam extracted from thermal power plants: A thermodynamic analysis and performance evaluation
EP3201532B1 (fr) Procédé et appareil pour l'utilisation d'une source de chaleur résiduelle d'une centrale électrique de cogénération par une pompe à chaleur à haute température à source d'eau incorporée
EP2737181B1 (fr) Système d'hybridation améliorée de systèmes d'énergie à base d'énergie solaire thermique, d'énergie de biomasse et d'énergie combustible fossile
EP2441925A1 (fr) Système de récupération de chaleur résiduelle
CA2755603A1 (fr) Systeme permettant la production d'energie electrique ou mecanique
US20090313995A1 (en) Power generation system
CN115993070B (zh) 储能系统及其控制方法
EP3559559B1 (fr) Système thermique et énergétique combiné dynamiquement adaptatif et procédé associé
JP2011058367A (ja) 複合エネルギー利用システム
WO2012131860A1 (fr) Dispositif utilisant un élément chauffant à volume constant
US11859834B2 (en) Micro-combined heat and power system with exterior generator and heating system compatibility and method of use
Xi et al. Transient response of waste heat recovery system for hydrogen production and other renewable energy utilization
Paanu et al. Waste heat recovery: bottoming cycle alternatives
Vialetto et al. Thermodynamic investigation of a shared cogeneration system with electrical cars for northern Europe climate
CN102865112B (zh) 背热循环发电及多级背热循环发电及多联产系统
CN202900338U (zh) 背热循环发电及多级背热循环发电及多联产系统
Al-Tameemi Thermal analysis of combined Organic Rankine-Vapour compression system for heating and cooling applications
Badea Combined Micro-Systems
SI25229A (sl) Metoda in naprava za povečanje izkoristka sistema nizkotemperaturnega ali visokotemperaturnega ogrevanja
WO2020193569A1 (fr) Procédé de récupération de chaleur perdue
Shehab Eddin Optimal Utilization of Biogas from Western Wastewater Treatment Plant of Nablus City
SI25205A (sl) Metoda in naprava za izrabo nizkotemperaturnih obnovljivih virov toplote
WO2008004861A1 (fr) Système destiné à générer une énergie mécanique sur la base d'une énergie thermique

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2018558145

Country of ref document: JP

Kind code of ref document: A

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 3023380

Country of ref document: CA

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 17745486

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2017745486

Country of ref document: EP

Effective date: 20181205