WO2017223237A2 - Blocs de vérin de verrouillage guidés - Google Patents

Blocs de vérin de verrouillage guidés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017223237A2
WO2017223237A2 PCT/US2017/038605 US2017038605W WO2017223237A2 WO 2017223237 A2 WO2017223237 A2 WO 2017223237A2 US 2017038605 W US2017038605 W US 2017038605W WO 2017223237 A2 WO2017223237 A2 WO 2017223237A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ram
ram blocks
ram block
blocks
opposing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2017/038605
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2017223237A3 (fr
Inventor
Herbert Jay Read
Mark F. Alley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bop Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
Bop Technologies LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US15/413,109 external-priority patent/US20240240536A1/en
Application filed by Bop Technologies LLC filed Critical Bop Technologies LLC
Publication of WO2017223237A2 publication Critical patent/WO2017223237A2/fr
Publication of WO2017223237A3 publication Critical patent/WO2017223237A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B23/00—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells
    • E21B23/04—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells operated by fluid means, e.g. actuated by explosion
    • E21B23/042—Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells operated by fluid means, e.g. actuated by explosion using a single piston or multiple mechanically interconnected pistons
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
    • E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
    • E21B33/06—Blow-out preventers, i.e. apparatus closing around a drill pipe, e.g. annular blow-out preventers
    • E21B33/061—Ram-type blow-out preventers, e.g. with pivoting rams
    • E21B33/062—Ram-type blow-out preventers, e.g. with pivoting rams with sliding rams
    • E21B33/063—Ram-type blow-out preventers, e.g. with pivoting rams with sliding rams for shearing drill pipes

Definitions

  • the disclosed subject matter relates to ram blocks in blowout preventers
  • Ram blocks play a key role in pressure control through their use inside blowout preventers in the oil and gas industry.
  • the disclosed subject matters relates to the reliable, efficient operation of ram blocks to complete a shearing operation and to remain fixed in the close position— the flow stopping position— indefinitely.
  • blowout preventer contains large metal blocks, ram blocks, that move to contact tubulars or other objects in the wellbore and shear, cut or break them into two pieces that are no longer contiguous. Some of these blowout preventers only shear tubulars without forming a seal in the wellbore, while other BOPs are designed to shear and seal the wellbore so that no flow of fluid or gas passes through the ram blocks, and hence the BOP. Stopping wellbore flow is the task of a shear-and-seal BOP, the last line of defense in uncontrolled wellbore pressure events.
  • the ram blocks may be required to remain in the close position— the position of stopping all flow through the wellbore— indefinitely.
  • the ram blocks are pushed together in this situation and are held in place in this close position indefinitely.
  • Mechanical locking mechanisms function to hold shear ram blocks in place until wellbore pressure has been controlled by other means.
  • the disclosed subject matter has the advantage of focusing two opposing ram block forces within a small area by using guide rails to maintain proper ram block trajectory. Upon shearing and reaching the close position, the disclosed subject matter has the advantage of a superior locking mechanism that locks the ram blocks in the close position with dogs or latches that directly contact the ram blocks themselves.
  • a ram block assembly enables a very high shearing, breaking, or parting force by utilizing guide rails and passageways within the ram block assembly to accept the rails and gird the rails against deviation from intended trajectory.
  • the ram block rails and cavities enable application of extreme forces, opposing and concentrated within a small area, when actuating the ram block assemblies into the "open” or “close” positions.
  • the ram block assemblies move in opposition, approaching each other and applying opposing forces against any material positioned between the ram block assemblies, and deforming, severing, breaking, shearing, parting, tearing and/or cutting, as the case may be, any said material positioned between the ram block assemblies.
  • the industry describes the severing of materials in the wellbore as
  • shearing and the apparatus performing this shearing operation as shear rams, shear ram blocks, shear blocks or shears.
  • movement along the rails occurs within designed, controlled tolerances between rail and rail passageway sizes, effectively keeping the ram block assemblies aligned on an intended path to a target area of the opposing forces.
  • the target area of opposing forces is intended to be relatively small in order to concentrate the opposing forces in a small area and better effect the parting of any material positioned between the ram block assemblies.
  • the ram blocks in this disclosure may be used to shear material in the wellbore or to perform the dual function of shearing the material in the wellbore and sealing the wellbore. If performing both shearing and sealing functions, the ram blocks will contain grooves or cavities for the placement of seals. An embodiment in this disclosure shows ram blocks with grooves for seals. In this particular embodiment, the seals will form a seal on both top, and bottom, of the ram blocks. [0009] There is a deficiency in the current blowout preventer ram block assembly art that causes less than peak, or less than optimal, concentration of opposing forces on a target object in shearing operations. The path, or trajectory, of opposing ram block assemblies is not controlled within strict parameters.
  • blowout preventer ram block assemblies move within a cavity inside the blowout preventer body.
  • the ram block assembly moves in a trajectory merely defined by the exterior of the ram block assembly and its proximity to the interior of the blowout preventer body.
  • the shapes of, and tolerances between, a large ram block assembly and the interior of a relatively massive blowout preventer are the only means of keeping the ram block assemblies in line toward the area where opposing forces are intended to converge and shear material in the wellbore.
  • a significant portion of the ram block's mass and form move into the open wellbore cavity in a close operation.
  • a common tendency in traditional BOP ram blocks is for the ram block assembly on the upper proximate plane to diverge from parallel with its leading edge moving at an upwardly increasing angle and for the ram block assembly on the lower proximate plane to diverge from parallel with its leading edge at a downwardly increasing angle.
  • This effect is relatively analogous to a pair of scissors that encounters a very thick material which tends to force the opposing blades apart as they contact the thick material.
  • the problem is exacerbated by loose tolerances or excessive "play" in the mechanism controlling the intended trajectory of the forces being applied.
  • Traditional BOP ram blocks utilize this imprecise means of controlling trajectory and application of opposing forces that affects shearing results.
  • Embodiments in this disclosure provide a more robust and more precise means of applying the opposing forces where they are intended to converge.
  • the present invention minimizes the tendency of ram blocks to deviate, veer, diverge, cock, heel, or divert from their intended trajectory with its guide rails and through guide rail
  • a disclosed embodiment has interchangeable ram blocks.
  • a ram block may be removed from one side of the BOP, rotated 180 degrees about the longitudinal center line, and inserted into the other side.
  • Guide rails may be arranged to preclude improper insertion. In other words, the ram block would not fit, i.e. would not accept the opposing ram block and guide rails, unless first rolled over so that it appropriately mates guide rails and passageways.
  • the ram block locking mechanism operates by directly immobilizing the rear end of a ram block through direct contact of a retaining member with the rear end of that ram block.
  • This type of mechanism differs from the known art in the industry by directly, within the cavity exposed to wellbore pressure, obstructing the possible rearward movement of the ram block so that it remains in the close position.
  • Current industry practice involves locking the ram block in place by means of a screw, wedge lock, or other lock outside the cavity exposed to wellbore pressure.
  • the locking mechanism advances a blocking dog, bar, or other form to block the rearward movement of the ram block during a close operation so as to mechanically lock the ram block in the close position for an indefinite period of time.
  • a locking mechanism utilizes a latch with a catch that closes to hold the rear end of ram block. This locking mechanism stops rearward movement of the ram block during a close operation so as to mechanically lock the ram block in the close position for an indefinite period of time.
  • FIGURES and examples are not meant to limit the scope of the present subject matter to a single embodiment, but other embodiments are possible by way of interchange of some or all of the described or illustrated elements and, further, wherein:
  • FIGURE 1 shows an embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter
  • FIGURE 2 presents a side view is shown of two opposing ram blocks in the close position
  • FIGURE 3 depicts an overhead view of the presently disclosed subject matter with two opposing ram blocks in partial close position
  • FIGURE 4 provides a side view cross section of two opposing ram blocks in partial close position, in the same relative position to each other as in FIGURE 3
  • FIGURE 5 shows an overhead view of an embodiment of the present disclosure with two opposing ram blocks in the open position
  • FIGURE 6 presents a cross section showing two opposing ram blocks in the open position, having not yet begun travel toward each other and toward the close position;
  • FIGURE 7 provides a perspective view of the exterior of upper ram block and lower ram block in the close position
  • FIGURE 8 illustrates a perspective view of the exterior of upper ram block and lower ram block in a partial close position
  • FIGURE 9 depicts a perspective view of the exterior of upper ram block 6b and lower ram block 6a in the open position
  • FIGURE 10 presents an end view of lower ram block and ram cylinder, left guide rail, guide rail passageway, and guide rail bearing;
  • FIGURE 11 provides a cross section, Section C-C, taken from a diagonal cross section view;
  • FIGURE 12 depicts is an alternative embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter
  • FIGURE 13 shows another embodiment with an overhead view of a upper ram block and lower ram block in close position
  • FIGURE 14 presents a further embodiment as a means of locking or retaining the ram blocks in the close position.
  • FIGURE 15 contrasts with FIGURE 14, showing an overhead view of opposing ram blocks in the open position with locking dogs;
  • FIGURE 16 shows a solid rectangle in cross section to make clear how these locking components could fit in the body of a BOP
  • FIGURE 17 provides an overhead cross section showing the ram blocks in the open position as in FIGURE 15;
  • FIGURE 18 is an end cross section showing the close position as in FIGURE 16;s.
  • FIGURE 19 is an end cross section showing the open position as in FIGURE 17;
  • FIGURE 20 is an external perspective of the close position with locking dogs advanced into contact with the rear faces of the ram blocks
  • FIGURE 21 is an external perspective of the open position, with locking dogs in normal retracted position at the side of the ram block;
  • FIGURE 22 depicts a further embodiment by an overhead cross section of two opposing ram blocks
  • FIGURE 23 shows an enlarged view of close-assist spring and the hydraulic components needed to unlatch left latch
  • FIGURE 24 provides an enlarged view of the end distal from close-assist spring;
  • FIGURE 25 presents is an external side view of an alternative embodiment without a BOP body;
  • FIGURE 26 illustrates an optional hydraulic cylinder that ensures unlatching of the latches in an area of the latches proximal to right latch catch and left latch catch;
  • These guide rails, left guide rail 4a and right guide rail 4b pass through the guide rail passageways 10 bored through each opposing ram block.
  • Each rail passes through each ram block.
  • the guide rail passageway 10 is depicted by the dashed line in this overhead view.
  • the edge of the ram blocks that contacts and shears the tubular or obstacle in a wellbore has a cutting edge 8 that shears material in the wellbore.
  • Cutting edge 8 is a reference to an edge for cutting which may have a plurality of blades or segments or profies. Cutting edge 8 segments are called out and described in more particularity below in this Detailed Description of the Drawings.
  • the ram blocks are each attached to the ram piston 2 by ram block retaining members 7 that are inserted into a bored or milled cavity through the ram piston 2 and each of lower ram block 6a and upper ram block 6b.
  • the ram cylinder 1 receives hydraulic fluid pressure, via means and mechanisms that are not shown but known in the art and widely employed in the oil and gas industry.
  • FIGURE 1 the close position depicted here with lower ram block 6a and upper ram block 6b abutting one another.
  • Sheared material relief space 9 depicts the space between ram blocks that sheared, parted material would occupy.
  • the guide rails, both 4a and 4b attach to an unshown BOP body or housing or module of any manufacturer, at guide rail attachment points 11.
  • guide rail attachment points 11 would be inserted into an appropriate receiving cavity and potentially retained in place with pins, although pins are not shown.
  • FIGURE 2 a side view is shown of two opposing ram blocks in the close position.
  • the ram blocks have traveled to close position along guide rails with left guide rail 4b visible and assisting straight travel for lower ram block 6a and upper ram block 6b.
  • FIGURE 3 an overhead view is shown with two opposing ram blocks in partial close position, having not yet reached the close position shown in
  • FIGURE 1 shows where a cross section, Section A-A, is taken for representation in FIGURE 4.
  • Section A-A a side view cross section, as noted in
  • FIGURE 3 shows two opposing ram blocks in partial close position, in the same relative position to each other as in FIGURE 3, having not yet reached the close position shown in FIGURE 1.
  • Both ram block 6a and ram block 6b travel along guide rails, with left guide rail 4a visible beyond the cross section cut.
  • Various portions of cutting edge 8 of FIGURE 1 are shown here and noted with particularity.
  • These cutting edge profiles are upper ram block center cutting edge 17, upper ram block right near lateral cutting edge 19, upper ram block center cutting edge 21 , lower ram block center cutting edge 25, lower ram block near lateral cutting edge 15, lower ram block far lateral cutting edge 29.
  • These cutting edge profiles are designed to center, in the wellbore and between the opposing ram blocks, any material to be sheared.
  • cutting edge profiles tend to gather, rake, pull and urge material to be cut to the central area between the opposing ram blocks and thus to the center of the wellbore as well.
  • the cutting edge profiles may be arranged differently that shown in the drawings.
  • the drawings depict the cutting edges as being a solid portion that is one with the ram block, embodiments not shown may include attachable blades or inserts as is common in the BOP industry.
  • this embodiment emphasizes a basic form intended to gather target material toward the midline of the ram blocks and toward the center of the wellbore. This embodiment does not emphasize specific shapes, materials, or replaceable blades or inserts that are common in the BOP industry.
  • upper ram block underside relief space 37 and lower ram block underside relief space 23 are shown in opposition to the various cutting edges of opposing ram blocks. Again, the relief space provided by 37 and 23 is necessary to accommodate the mass of the sheared material ends or pieces.
  • FIGURE 5 shown is an overhead view of Embodiment 100 with two opposing ram blocks in the open position.
  • the ram blocks have not begun travel to the close position and the wellbore flow remains unimpeded.
  • a tubular or other obstacle in the wellbore could occupy the open space visible between the ram blocks.
  • Ram blocks travel along guide rails, with left guide rail 4a visible. From this open position, upper ram block 6b and lower ram block 6a will travel toward a close position, and in the process, contacting and shearing, breaking, cutting or parting any material between them until the ram blocks abut one another as in FIGURE 1.
  • guide rail attachment points 11 are attached to a BOP body or housing of any given manufacturer and retain left guide rail 4a and right guide rail 4b.
  • a cross section is taken as noted for Section B-B which is shown in FIGURE 6.
  • Section B-B on FIGURE 6 is a cross section that shows two opposing ram blocks in the open position, having not yet begun travel toward each other and toward the close position depicted in FIGURE 1.
  • the ram blocks are in the same relative position to each other as in FIGURE 3.
  • Each ram block travels along guide rails, with guide rail 4a visible beyond the section cut along with upper ram block center cutting edge 17, upper ram block right near lateral cutting edge 19, upper ram block center cutting edge 21 , lower ram block center cutting edge 25, lower ram block near lateral cutting edge 15, lower ram block far lateral cutting edge 29.
  • Upper ram block underside relief space 37 and lower ram block underside relief space 23 are shown in opposition to the various cutting edges of opposing ram blocks.
  • the surfaces under the cutting edges are upper ram block proximal to cutting edge underside face 5 and lower ram block proximal to cutting edge underside face 13.
  • the ram piston attachment boss 31 through which ram block retaining members 7 will pass into ram piston 2, is shown.
  • FIGURE 7 shown is a perspective view of the exterior of upper ram block 6b and lower ram block 6a in the close position as in FIGURE 1.
  • Guide rail attachment points 11 are shown, depicted as a shoulder and able to mate with BOP body 528 as shown herein as on FIGURE 16 and FIGURE 17.
  • ram blocks intended for shearing and sealing include seal grooves into which seals are placed.
  • a portion of seal groove 3 is shown as a channel ring in the visible portions of upper ram block 6b and lower ram block 6a around sheared material relief space 9.
  • seal groove 3 is omitted from the majority of the drawings, although seal groove 3 could potentially be present, or absent, from any of the embodiments herein, as known to those with ordinary skill in the art.
  • both ram blocks 6a and 6b are interchangeable. This is understandable from this perspective view in FIGURE 7.
  • lower ram block 6a could be pulled away from the wellbore until free of any constraining guide rails and free of the unshown BOP. It then could be rotated 180 degrees along its longitudinal axis— rolled over to its other side, in other words— and moved to the other side of a given BOP and inserted.
  • Upper ram block 6b and lower ram block 6a are
  • Embodiment 100 interchangeable in Embodiment 100, but they are not required to be interchangeable in order for Embodiment 100 or other embodiments to function correctly.
  • FIGURE 8 shown is a perspective view of the exterior of upper ram block 6b and lower ram block 6a in the partial close position as in FIGURE 3.
  • FIGURE 8 as compared to FIGURE 7, the ram blocks are rotated 180 degrees along the longitudinal axis, with the ram blocks showing different faces. As discussed above, this shows the sameness and interchangeability of 6a and 6b. Additionally, examining FIGURE 8 and FIGURE 7 seal grooves 3 present on both drawings, seals can be inserted to seal both the top and bottom of these ram blocks. Guide rail attachment points 11 are shown, depicted as a shoulder and mating with BOP body 528 as shown herein as on FIGURE 16 and FIGURE 17. As known in the art, ram blocks intended for shearing and sealing include seal grooves into which seals are placed.
  • seal groove 3 is shown as a channel ring in the visible portions of upper ram block 6b and lower ram block 6a around sheared material relief space 9.
  • seal groove 3 is present on top and bottom sides of the ram blocks.
  • seal groove 3 is omitted from the majority of the drawings, although seal groove 3 could potentially be present, or absent, from any of the embodiments herein, as known to those with ordinary skill in the art.
  • surfaces providing and adjacent to sheared material relief space 9 are shown.
  • upper ram block 6b are upper ram block relief space center face 43, upper ram block relief space left rear space 45, and upper ram block relief space right near face 47.
  • FIGURE 9 shown is a perspective view of the exterior of upper ram block 6b and lower ram block 6a in the open position as in FIGURE 5.
  • the ram blocks are rotated 180 degrees along the longitudinal axis, with the ram blocks showing different faces.
  • the ram blocks are thus shown in the same orientation as FIGURE 7 in relation to the longitudinal axis.
  • surfaces providing and adjacent to sheared material relief space 9 are shown.
  • lower ram block 6a are shown lower ram block center cutting edge 25, lower ram block near lateral cutting edge 41 , lower ram block far lateral cutting edge 49.
  • Cutting edge underside face 13 lies under the shown portion of lower ram block 6a.
  • the guide rails may be constructed with substantial diameters that resist flex.
  • FIGURE 10 An end view of lower ram block 6a and ram cylinder 1 , left guide rail 4a, guide rail passageway 10, guide rail bearing 12 is shown in FIGURE 10.
  • the guide rail bearing may be a plain bearing and consisting of a low friction, lubricated, or lubricant impregnated material commonly in use for sleeve-type bearings.
  • This guide rail bearing may have wiper seals, which are not shown, to keep wellbore debris from entering the space between guide rail passageway 10 and guide rail bearing 12.
  • This view depicts Embodiment 100, that is the same as Figs. 1 -9.
  • Embodiment 100 has two guide rails that pass through each ram block.
  • This Embodiment 100 differs from Embodiment 200 in FIGURE 12, which is shown to have four guide rails that pass through each ram block.
  • a diagonal cross section, Section C-C is taken from FIGURE 10 and shown in FIGURE 11.
  • FIGURE 11 A cross section, Section C-C, is shown in FIGURE 11 and taken from a diagonal cross section view as referenced on FIGURE 10 and shown in the close position.
  • Upper ram block 6b and lower ram block 6a are seen abutting each other.
  • Sheared material space 9 is clearly shown, providing space for sheared or parted materials following a close operation.
  • Embodiment 200 whose main differentiating feature is four guide rails as opposed to the two guide rails in Embodiment 100.
  • a plurality of guide rails is possible, and an even number, such as two, or in the case of Embodiment 200, four, is most practical for two ram blocks.
  • Guide rail passageway 210 passes through the ram blocks in four places in 200 instead of only two in 100. Shown are ram cylinder
  • Embodiment 200 as shown with four guide rails 204, is added directional stability for attaining the desired straight trajectory for ram blocks to converge at a target shear material.
  • Embodiment 200 may require larger ram blocks and potentially a larger BOP body in comparison with Embodiment 100.
  • Embodiment 300 is depicted in FIGURE 13 with an overhead view of upper ram block 306b and lower ram block 306a in close position, each having traveled to close position by traveling along guide rails, that are not visible, inside guide rail passageways 310.
  • Some BOPs, or BOP manufacturers, may not accommodate the attaching, inserting or retaining of guide rails or guide rail attachment points.
  • a less intrusive, self-sufficient set of ram blocks may be required.
  • FIGURE 13 introduces Embodiment 300, which has short guide rails that do not attach or insert into a BOP body, but rather attach from one end of the guide rail to the rear end of a ram block.
  • the left guide rail 4a and right guide rail 4b are stationary and attach to or insert into the BOP body at guide rail attachment points 11.
  • guide rails in Embodiment 300 affix to the rear end of the ram blocks with the distal or leading end free to travel inside guide rail passageway 310 with ram block advancement toward the close position.
  • a guide rail attaches at upper ram block rear end 333b in upper ram block 306b adjoining guide rail passageway 310 and another guide rail attaches at lower ram block rear end 333a in lower ram block 306a adjoining guide rail passageway 310.
  • guide rails In the close position as shown in FIGURE 13, guide rails end their travel to the close position inside guide rail passageway 310 flush with the rear end of the opposing ram block.
  • the advantage of guide rails that do not affix to a given BOP body is that they may be easily adapted and placed within different BOP bodies when time or design constraints do not permit modification of a BOP body to accept attached, stationary guide rails.
  • Guide rails would be of sufficient length so that the distal or end of a guide rail when viewed from an attachment point such as upper ram block rear end 333b would already be position inside opposing upper ram block's 306a guide rail passageway 10 when it begins travel to the close position.
  • the guide rail has a "start" within the opposing ram block to expedite smooth travel in the desired trajectory to close position.
  • this Embodiment 300 shows ram cylinder 301 , ram piston 302, ram block retaining members 307 and cutting edge 308.
  • Embodiment 400 is shown and it depicts a means of locking or retaining the ram blocks in the close position. After shear-and-seal ram blocks have performed their key task and reached the close position, the wellbore would be sealed and flow stopped. It is critical that a reliable means be employed to maintain the ram blocks in the close position until any required operations take place. The means of locking or retaining the ram blocks in close position should hold indefinitely. Additionally, when the time comes to return to open position, the means of locking or retaining must release.
  • FIGURE 14 depicts a novel means of placing an impeding member, or "dog,” directly behind, and in direct contact with, a ram block.
  • FIGURE 14 is an overhead view of opposing ram blocks in close position, but depicted with locking dogs 416a, 416b, 416c and 416d retaining the ram blocks in the close position in order to prevent wellbore pressure or other forces from separating the ram blocks.
  • FIGURE 14 represents Embodiment 400 and includes means of locking the ram blocks in position and otherwise is shown with ram blocks and rails of
  • Embodiment 100 although Embodiments 200 and 300 are equally compatible with 400.
  • left side top locking dog 416a has been urged to abut the rear external edge of a ram block by left side top hydraulic actuator 424a.
  • left side top locking dog actuator piston external attachment point 418a permits external force, potentially through an external pulling device, to be applied to retract left side top locking dog 416a from the shown close position to free the ram block.
  • FIGURE 14 components in FIGURE 14 are identical except for orientation about the ram blocks. These components, grouped by left top, left bottom, right top, and right bottom orientation are: left side top locking dog 416a, left side top hydraulic actuator 424a, and left side top locking dog actuator piston external attachment point 418a; left side bottom locking dog 416c, left side bottom hydraulic actuator 424c, and left side bottom locking dog actuator piston external attachment point 418c; right side top locking dog 416b, right side top hydraulic actuator 424b, and right side top locking dog actuator piston external attachment point 418b; and right side bottom locking dog 416d, right side bottom hydraulic actuator 424d, and right side bottom locking dog actuator piston external attachment point 418d.
  • left side top locking dog 416a left side top hydraulic actuator 424a
  • left side top locking dog actuator piston external attachment point 418a left side bottom locking dog 416c, left side bottom hydraulic actuator 424c, and left side bottom locking dog actuator piston external attachment point 418c
  • right side top locking dog 416b right side top hydraulic actuator 4
  • FIGURE 15 in contrast with FIGURE 14, is an overhead view of opposing ram blocks in the open position with locking dogs such as locking dog 416a abutting the side of upper ram block 406b and not impeding ram block 406b's travel.
  • FIGURE 16 shows a solid rectangle in cross section to make clear how these locking components could fit in the body of a BOP.
  • FIGURE 16 is an overhead cross section of showing the ram blocks locked in the close position as in FIGURE 14.
  • FIGURE 16 adds a rectangle of metal to represent BOP body 528 in order to show how the locking components can be housed in a given BOP body.
  • FIGURE 16 presents a different Embodiment, Embodiment 500. Visible on the right side of FIGURE 16, and numbered with 500 series numbers as opposed to 400 series numbers on analogous FIGURE 14, are right side guide rail 504b, right side top locking dog 516b, right side top hydraulic actuator 524b, and right side bottom locking dog actuator piston external attachment point 518d. The components associated with right side top hydraulic actuator 524b are shown. Open-assist spring 522b is in compression while the ram blocks are in the open position.
  • Open-assist spring 522b keeps the right side top locking dog 516b pressed against lower ram block 506a while the ram blocks remain in the open position.
  • the open-assist spring 522b will urge the tapered edge of right side top locking dog 516b over the rear edge of lower ram block 506a in advance of, or concurrently with, hydraulic fluid pressure actuation of through fluid port 569b of right side top hydraulic actuator.
  • the travel of right side top locking dog 516b to the shown close position, along with the duplicate right side bottom locking dog 516d, left side bottom locking dog 516c, and left side top locking dog 516a serve to lock the ram blocks in the close position and prevent separation of the ram blocks due to wellbore pressure or other forces.
  • hydraulic actuator cylinder 520d and right side bottom locking dog actuator piston external attachment point 518d are visible. These parts, and all components of 524a, 524b, 524c and 524d are the same and duplicated in each shown hydraulic actuator, whether enumerated specifically on each or not, and with the nomenclature “a,” “b,” “c,” or “d” only differing to reflect location on FIGURE 16.
  • FIGURE 17 is an overhead cross section showing the ram blocks in the open position as in FIGURE 15. As in FIGURE 16, FIGURE 17 adds a generic rectangle of metal to represent BOP body 528 in order to show how the locking components can be housed in a given BOP body. The enumerated components are the same as in
  • FIGURE 16 All components of 524a, 524b, 524c and 524d are the same and duplicated in each shown hydraulic actuator, whether enumerated specifically on each or not, and with the nomenclature “a,” “b,” “c,” or “d” only differing to reflect location on FIGURE 17.
  • Right side top locking dog 516b, along with the duplicate right side bottom locking dog 516d, left side bottom locking dog 516c, and left side top locking dog 516a are in the open position and not impeding movement of the ram blocks.
  • Open-assist spring 522b is in compression while the ram blocks are in the open position, and open- assist spring 522b keeps the right side top locking dog 516b pressed against lower ram block 506a while the ram blocks remain in the open position.
  • the open-assist spring 522b will urge the tapered edge of right side top locking dog 516b over the rear edge of lower ram block 506a in advance of, or concurrently with, hydraulic fluid pressure actuation of through fluid port 569b of right side top hydraulic actuator 524b.
  • FIGURE 18 is an end cross section showing the close position as in FIGURE 16.
  • a BOP body 528 houses the ram blocks and components of the hydraulic actuators.
  • FIGURE 19 is an end cross section showing the open position as in FIGURE 17.
  • Locking dogs are against the side of lower ram block 506a, and do not impede its movement.
  • FIGURE 20 is an external perspective of the close position with locking dogs, such as 516d, advanced into contact with the rear faces of the ram blocks.
  • the ram blocks are held in close position in this perspective view.
  • FIGURE 21 is an external perspective of the open position, with locking dogs in normal retracted position at the side of the ram block.
  • FIGURE 22 depicts Embodiment 600 and is an overhead cross section of two opposing ram blocks, upper ram block 606b and lower ram block 606a, in close position, and depicted with a means of locking the ram blocks in the close position.
  • the means of locking the ram blocks in position in FIGURE 22 is shown with the ram blocks and rails of Embodiment 100, although Embodiments 200 and 300 are equally compatible with 600.
  • BOP body 628 is shown housing the ram blocks and locking components.
  • Embodiment 600's means of locking the ram blocks in close position is a latch system.
  • Left latch 640a and right latch 640b are shown in a locked position or close position.
  • Left latch 640a has traveled along the side of lower ram block 606a, abruptly moved toward lower ram block 606a upon reaching its end and the trailing edge of left catch 642a having passed lower ram block rear face 671 , and left latch catch 642a has closed and held on lower ram block rear face 671.
  • Left latch 640a is attached to upper ram block 606b at left hinge 636a.
  • left latch 640a which is attached to upper ram block 606b, holds lower ram block 606a with left catch 642a and prevents separation of the ram blocks.
  • Duplicate components have operated on the right side.
  • right latch 640b has traveled along the side of upper ram block 606b, abruptly moved toward upper ram block 606b upon reaching its end and the trailing edge of right catch 642b having passed upper ram block rear face 673, and right latch catch 642b has closed and held on upper ram block rear face 673.
  • Right latch 640b is attached to lower ram block 606a at right hinge 636b.
  • right latch 640b which is attached to lower ram block 606a, holds upper ram block 606b with right catch 642b and prevents separation of the ram blocks.
  • both latches are held to the side of the ram blocks with springs.
  • Left close-assist spring 639a is in compression and exerts force against left latch 640a at the end of 640a proximal to left hinge 636a, urging the distal end of 640a with left latch catch 642a toward the side of the ram block.
  • right close-assist spring 639b is in compression and exerts force against right latch 640b at the end of 640b proximal to right hinge 636b, urging the distal end of 640b with right latch catch 642b toward the side of the ram block.
  • actuating hydraulic fluid pressure is supplied via left hydraulic port 634a and right hydraulic port 634b.
  • left hydraulic cylinder 630a advances the distal end of left piston 632a to force the end portion of left latch 640a toward left close-assist spring 639a, further compressing the spring, and concurrently moving the distal end of 640a with left latch catch 642a outward from the side of the ram block and off of lower ram block rear face 671. This frees lower ram block 606a and upper ram block 606b to travel to the open position.
  • FIGURE 23 shows Detail D, an enlarged view of close-assist spring 639a and the hydraulic components needed to unlatch left latch 640a in order to free the ram blocks.
  • Left hinge 636a is attached to upper ram block 606b, although the full hinge attachment is not shown in the drawing.
  • FIGURE 24 shows Detail E, an enlarged view of the end distal from close-assist spring 639a.
  • Left latch catch 642a is holding static against upper ram block rear face 673 and maintaining the close position, preventing separation of the ram blocks.
  • FIGURE 25 is an external side view of Embodiment 600 without BOP body 628. Open-assist spring 639b is under right latch 640b and distal from right latch catch 642b. FIGURE 25 shows the close position with 640b and right latch catch 642b holding the ram blocks static, preventing separation of the ram blocks.
  • FIGURE 26 shows an optional hydraulic cylinder 682 to ensure unlatching of the latches in an area of the latches proximal to right latch catch 642b and left latch catch 642a.
  • a hydraulic cylinder 682 (or spring biasing mechanism, not shown) actuates a stab hook 686 into stab receiver orifice 688 on left latch 640a and right latch 640b so that the stab hook catches on, gains mechanical hold, and subsequently retracts left latch 640a (and right latch 640b through an identical right-side mechanism) as the stab-and-pull/catch tool retracts.
  • Latch-open- assist hydraulic port 684 provides fluid pressure to the hydraulic cylinder 682 and retracts the stab hook 686 and latch with it when reversed or if a spring-assist mechanism (not shown) is provided.
  • An external attachment to the hydraulic cylinder to enable mechanical force to be applied to the body of the hydraulic cylinder, can be used to apply force to pull the latch open in the event hydraulic force is insufficient.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Shearing Machines (AREA)

Abstract

Ensemble bloc de vérin permettant une force de cisaillement, de rupture ou de division très élevée grâce à l'utilisation de rails de guidage et de passages à l'intérieur de l'ensemble bloc de vérin pour accepter les rails et protéger les rails contre un écart par rapport à la trajectoire voulue. Les rails de bloc de vérin et les cavités permettent l'application de forces extrêmes, opposées et concentrées dans une petite zone, lors de l'actionnement des ensembles blocs de vérin dans les positions "ouverte" ou "fermée". Les ensembles blocs de vérin se déplacent en opposition, se rapprochant et appliquant des forces opposées contre tout matériau positionné entre les ensembles blocs de vérin, et déformant, divisant, cassant, cisaillant, séparant, déchirant et/ou découpant, quand ce peut être le cas, tout matériau positionné entre les ensembles blocs de vérin. La division de matériaux dans le puits de forage est connue sous le nom de " "cisaillement ", et l'appareil effectuant cette opération de cisaillement sous le nom de vérins de cisaillement, blocs de vérin de cisaillement, blocs de cisaillement ou cisailles.
PCT/US2017/038605 2016-06-21 2017-06-21 Blocs de vérin de verrouillage guidés Ceased WO2017223237A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201662352916P 2016-06-21 2016-06-21
US62/352,916 2016-06-21
US15/413,109 2017-01-23
US15/413,109 US20240240536A1 (en) 2013-08-01 2017-01-23 Intensifier ram blowout preventer

Publications (2)

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WO2017223237A2 true WO2017223237A2 (fr) 2017-12-28
WO2017223237A3 WO2017223237A3 (fr) 2018-02-01

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114599854A (zh) * 2019-08-27 2022-06-07 贝克休斯油田运营有限责任公司 防喷器系统和方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3744749A (en) * 1971-05-18 1973-07-10 Hydril Co Blowout preventer with ram support and guide means
US3941141A (en) * 1974-05-03 1976-03-02 Robert Eddie L Blowout preventer locking apparatus and method
US6845959B2 (en) * 2001-05-04 2005-01-25 Hydril Company, L.P. Quick release blowout preventer bonnet
US7703739B2 (en) * 2004-11-01 2010-04-27 Hydril Usa Manufacturing Llc Ram BOP shear device
US9068423B2 (en) * 2012-02-03 2015-06-30 National Oilwell Varco, L.P. Wellhead connector and method of using same

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114599854A (zh) * 2019-08-27 2022-06-07 贝克休斯油田运营有限责任公司 防喷器系统和方法
CN114599854B (zh) * 2019-08-27 2024-03-26 贝克休斯油田运营有限责任公司 防喷器系统和方法

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