WO2018018174A1 - Pyrotechnic capsule, explosive composition and uses of same - Google Patents
Pyrotechnic capsule, explosive composition and uses of same Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018018174A1 WO2018018174A1 PCT/CL2017/050037 CL2017050037W WO2018018174A1 WO 2018018174 A1 WO2018018174 A1 WO 2018018174A1 CL 2017050037 W CL2017050037 W CL 2017050037W WO 2018018174 A1 WO2018018174 A1 WO 2018018174A1
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- Prior art keywords
- capsule
- capsule according
- explosive composition
- explosive
- pyrotechnic
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B29/00—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate
- C06B29/02—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate of an alkali metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
- C06B33/06—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
- F42B3/11—Initiators therefor characterised by the material used, e.g. for initiator case or electric leads
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/28—Cartridge cases characterised by the material used, e.g. coatings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Definitions
- Pyrotechnic capsule containing a propellant formula for breaking hard materials such as, and not limited to, rock / concrete.
- the invention comprises the pyrotechnic capsule, with an explosive formula, an explosion method and uses thereof.
- the present invention relates to a complete explosive system for breaking or fracturing hard material, such as rock or concrete, more specifically describes an explosive composition, a system for containing it and its use.
- triggers are widely used for breaking, for example, rock and / or concrete.
- the good use of the energy generated in the detonation is essential in order to carry out an efficient process and minimize the dangers.
- explosives are effective but not efficient in terms of energy use, are dangerous and, therefore, are subject to strict regulations regarding their use, storage and transportation;
- the use of explosives has the disadvantages of generating large quantities and volumes of large particulate material that are dispersed at high speed, with the danger that this entails and if they are used underground, dangerous gases are produced.
- explosives can limit the depth of the rock that can be removed during a blasting episode.
- An alternative to explosives for breaking hard material is the gas directional pressure system.
- a hole is drilled in a rock and a directional gas pressure device is inserted into it.
- a chemical reaction starts that gives off a large volume of gas.
- the pressure inside the hole builds up and is relieved by the division of the rock.
- the detonation velocity of pyrotechnic charges used in directional gas pressure devices is of the order of 4 to 6 meters per second. These devices do not create a shock wave.
- the gas directional pressure system is more efficient than explosive charges in terms of the amount of energy released to split a rock or demolish a building. Another advantage of the gas directional pressure system is that the charges are much safer than explosives. An additional advantage of this system is that it creates much less noise than detonating explosives and does not cause problematic emissions of toxic gases.
- patent application No. W097 / 2168 describes a vehicle adapted to drill holes in a material front and insert explosive charges.
- the present invention seeks to provide an improved pyrotechnic capsule for use in mining and demolition or any process that requires Rupture of hard material.
- the present invention combines the advantages of directional gas pressure systems with explosives.
- FIG. 1 Shows the process flow chart.
- One aspect of the present invention relates to a pyrotechnic capsule containing a propellant formula for rock / concrete rupture, the capsule comprising, an explosive composition, an explosion method and uses thereof.
- An embodiment of the present invention provides a pyrotechnic capsule (PBCpyrothecnic blasting capsule) corresponding to a thermoplastic tube, which can have different diameters and multiple lengths, which allows it to contain different weights in grams, according to the needs of explosion
- the capsule can have diameters of 1, 125 " and 1, 75 " and multiple lengths: eight -1 Tube ⁇ er; g ⁇ -3 Tube lenghi
- P3C 50 grams 4 1 ⁇ 2 "N / A
- P3C 50 150 grams 1 ve 43/8 "
- the pyrotechnic capsule uses a starting energy of 2.3 cal / g, it is created by precise dosing of a combination of chemical products (oxidizers and fuels) for a density of 1.45 g / ce, calibrated to not generate toxic gases.
- an explosive composition contained in the pyrotechnic capsule, which corresponds to a propellant formula that deflates at a rate of 500-800 Ft / s.
- Gas generation technology can be combined with a formula rich in oxidizing agents which contains the following components Ammonium Nitrate, Sodium Nitrate, Potassium Perchlorate, Calcium Nitrate, BaCr04, BaCI03 and Ba02 with a particle size in the range of 40, 50, 80, 200, 270 and 400 mesh.
- the combustible components are sugars (with different chemical structures), FeSi, Mg / AI with particle sizes of 80 to 200 mesh. All variations of oxidizing formulas (mass and composition ratios), all have similar values of heat and pressure.
- the reasons for masses of oxidizing compounds are in the range of 47% to 75% by weight.
- the mass ratios of the fuel matrix of the formulations are in the ranges of 8% to 22%.
- the main and differentiating feature of the present invention is the energy absorption process.
- the oxidant goes through three different changes in the crystalline and fusion structure.
- the oxidant point inside the fusion capsule begins to decompose exo-thermally immediately.
- the reaction produces a concomitant gas evolution.
- the formulation creates larger K-bars (47 to 90) than other products similar to creating excessive particle velocity.
- the chemical reactions of the formulation occur slowly at the beginning (induction period), because there are different particle sizes and the catalyst present have different melting points, the reaction rate increases progressively as the reaction progresses as the amount of Initial heat continues to increase also increases the reaction of the catalyst.
- the composition contains a mixture of oxidizing and reducing agents composed of potassium perchlorate (KCI0 4 ), Cab-O-Sil, Lactose, Ferrosilicon and Magnalium, preferably the composition corresponds to 57% of KCI04, 11% Magnalium, 21% Lactose and 11% Ferrosilicon (% w / w).
- the thermal decomposition is improved by the distribution of the particle size of the composition, preferably, the distribution of the particle size for the formulation corresponds to the range between 50 - 140 mesh, the increased surface area and the use of the Magnalium drafting agent improves the thermal kinetic properties of the pyrotechnic composition.
- Potassium perchlorate (KCI0 4 ) is an oxidant, colorless, crystalline that melts at approximately 610 ° C. It is one of the most common oxidants used in fireworks, fulminant ammunition capsules, starter explosives, and is used in various ways in the propellers, flash compositions, stars and sparklers. It has been used as a solid rocket propellant, although in that application, it has mostly been replaced by higher performance ammonium perchlorate. KCI04 has the lowest solubility of all perchlorates (2.08 g KCI04 in 100 g H20 at 25 ° C)
- the perchlorate ion CI04 " is more stable than chlorate nitrates.
- the KCI04 within the capsule is capable of releasing its four oxygen atoms for the complete combustion of all elements. This completed reaction is possible due to the single dosage. of the formulation
- the energy produced during the reaction is approximately 1500 cal / g (1.70 RWS RBS2.9), indicating a complete reaction.
- Cab-O-Sil is an, amorphous, synthetic pyrolysis silicon dioxide. Due to its inert nature, it has been used in foods such as kethcup as well as in shampoo and some cosmetics. When mixed in liquid resin, Cabosil functions as a resin thickener (flow control agent) and sometimes as an anti-sedimentation, an anti-caking agent.
- Lactose disaccharide consisting of beta-D-ga lactose and ⁇ -D-glucose molecules linked by a ⁇ 1-4 glycosidic bond. Lactose constitutes about 2-8% of the solids in milk, it is used as fuel.
- Ferrosilicon or ferrosilicium is an alloy of iron and silicon with between 15 and 90% silicon. It contains a high proportion of iron silicones. Its melting point is approximately 1,200 s Ca 1,250 s C with a boiling point of 2355 ° C. It also contains about 1 to 2% calcium and aluminum.
- Magnalium is an aluminum alloy with 5-50% magnesium. Small amounts of other elements are added to improve hardness. It is used in engineering and pyrotechnics.
- the particle size of KCI04 and Fe / Si fuels has an effect on gas evolution, and affects the combustion rate and ignition sensitivity of the capsule. These parameters reflect the kinetic effects of solid state chemical reactions of the formulation. Different particle sizes produce a higher combustion rate and a lower ignition sensitivity.
- FIG. 1 shows the process flow chart comprising the following steps:
- Perchlorate and CAB-O-SIL should be mixed at approximately 12 rpm for at least one hour; Ferrosilicon, Magnesium and Lactose should be mixed at approximately 9 rpm for at least 2 hours.
- the composition is mixed in two steps, with a specific particle size of 80 mesh, at rpm and specific times and a final mixture for 2: 30 hrs at 9 rpm.
- the pyrotechnic capsule of the invention can be used for the demolition of axial walls, foundations, pillars, beams, bridges, support bridge columns, piles, cantilever columns, Foundation Rock, tunnel.
- the present invention uses the tensile strength of the rock that is on average 20 times weaker in tensile strength than in compressive strength.
- the tensile force is applied by a rapid release of large volumes of gas generated by the composition in the cartridge.
- He Cartridge is embedded in the rock by means of a drilling and tamping procedure and is turned on electrically using an approved electric splitter. It is specifically designed to break rock / concrete with minimal sound, vibration and rock blasting.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
CÁPSULA PIROTÉCNICA, COM POSICIÓN EXPLOSIVA Y USOS DE LA M ISM A PYROTECHNICAL CAPSULE, EXPLOSIVE POSITION AND USES OF THE M ISM A
RESUMEN SUMMARY
Cápsula pirotécnica que contiene una fórmula propelente para la ruptura materiales duros, como por ejemplo, y sin limitarse a ellos, roca/ concreto. La invención comprende la cápsula pirotécnica, con una fórmula explosiva, un método de explosión y usosde la misma. Pyrotechnic capsule containing a propellant formula for breaking hard materials, such as, and not limited to, rock / concrete. The invention comprises the pyrotechnic capsule, with an explosive formula, an explosion method and uses thereof.
Espacio de la invención: La presente invención se refiere a un sistema explosivo completo para ruptura o fractura de material duro, como roca o concreto, más específicamente describe una composición explosiva, un sistema para contenerla y su uso. Space of the invention: The present invention relates to a complete explosive system for breaking or fracturing hard material, such as rock or concrete, more specifically describes an explosive composition, a system for containing it and its use.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Principalmente en minería y procesos de demolición son ampliamente utilizados los detonantes para ruptura por ejemplo de roca y/o concreto. En estos procesos es esencial el buen uso de la energía generada en la detonación de manera de realizar un proceso eficiente y minimizar los peligros. Por ejemplo, los explosivos son eficaces pero no eficientes en cuanto a su uso de energía, son peligrosos y, por lo tanto, están sujetos a estrictas regulaciones relativas a su uso, almacenamiento y transporte; el uso de explosivos tiene lasdesventajasde generar grandescantidadesy volúmenesde material particulado de gran tamaño que se dispersa a gran velocidad, con el peligro que esto conlleva y si son utilizados bajo tierra se producen gases peligrosos. Mainly in mining and demolition processes, triggers are widely used for breaking, for example, rock and / or concrete. In these processes the good use of the energy generated in the detonation is essential in order to carry out an efficient process and minimize the dangers. For example, explosives are effective but not efficient in terms of energy use, are dangerous and, therefore, are subject to strict regulations regarding their use, storage and transportation; The use of explosives has the disadvantages of generating large quantities and volumes of large particulate material that are dispersed at high speed, with the danger that this entails and if they are used underground, dangerous gases are produced.
En algunos casos además, los explosivos pueden limitar la profundidad de la roca que puede retirarse durante un episodio de voladura. In some cases, explosives can limit the depth of the rock that can be removed during a blasting episode.
Una alternativa a los explosivos para ruptura de material duro es el sistema de presión de gasdireccional. En este sistemase perfora un orificio en una roca y se inserta en el mismo un dispositivo de presión de gas direccional. Cuando se enciende el dispositivo, en lugar de explotar, se inicia una reacción química que desprende un gran volumen de gas. La presión dentro del agujero se acumula y se alivia por la división de la roca. La velocidad de detonación de las cargas pirotécnicas usadas en los dispositivos de presión de gas direccional es del orden de 4 a 6 metros por segundo. EEstos dispositivos no crean una onda expansiva. An alternative to explosives for breaking hard material is the gas directional pressure system. In this system a hole is drilled in a rock and a directional gas pressure device is inserted into it. When the device is turned on, instead of exploding, a chemical reaction starts that gives off a large volume of gas. The pressure inside the hole builds up and is relieved by the division of the rock. The detonation velocity of pyrotechnic charges used in directional gas pressure devices is of the order of 4 to 6 meters per second. These devices do not create a shock wave.
El sistema de presión de gasdireccional es más eficiente que las cargas explosivas en cuanto a la cantidad de energía liberada para partir una roca o demoler un edificio. Otra ventaja del sistema de presión de gasdireccional es que las cargas son mucho más seguras que los explosivos. Una ventaja adicional de este sistema es que crea mucho menos ruido que los explosivos detonantesy no causan emisionesproblemáticasde gasestóxicos. The gas directional pressure system is more efficient than explosive charges in terms of the amount of energy released to split a rock or demolish a building. Another advantage of the gas directional pressure system is that the charges are much safer than explosives. An additional advantage of this system is that it creates much less noise than detonating explosives and does not cause problematic emissions of toxic gases.
La solicitud de patente de Reino Unido publicada con el número 2341917 describe un dispositivo de presión de gasdireccional del tipo que se ha descrito anteriormente. La solicitud de patente internacional número WO 26/63369 describe un recipiente para un dispositivo pirotécnico. Esta invención se refiere a cerrar el recipiente de un dispositivo pirotécnico de manera que el dispositivo pueda estar sujeto a reglas menos estrictas cuando se transporta que es el caso de otras disposiciones de cierre. The UK patent application published under number 2341917 describes a gas directional pressure device of the type described above. International patent application number WO 26/63369 describes a container for a pyrotechnic device. This invention relates to closing the container of a pyrotechnic device so that the device may be subject to less stringent rules when transported which is the case with other closure arrangements.
En el documento US28/47455 un cartucho de ruptura de roca. En el dispositivo descrito la carga se aloja en un tubo que está cerrado en un extremo por un capuchón. La parte central del tubo se llena con material de contención (tal como arena) y el otro extremo se cierra mediante un par de cuñas. Cuando el dispositivo se inserta en una perforación en la roca que se va a romper, una de las cuñas se empuja más hasta el tubo, asegurando así el dispositivo en la perforación, tiene la desventaja de que si las cuñas fallan, esprobable que el aumento de presión del gas saque el dispositivo del agujero. Algunas extracciones tienen lugar sin voladura, por ejemplo, usando maquinaria. La solicitud de patente N° CA 26288 describe un equipo que usa múltiples cuchillas para cortar el material. Sin embargo, dichos equipos no pueden usarse en todas las situaciones, requieren la instalación de rieles e infraestructura costosa. In document US28 / 47455 a rock rupture cartridge. In the described device the load is housed in a tube that is closed at one end by a cap. The central part of the tube is filled with containment material (such as sand) and the other end is closed by a pair of wedges. When the device is inserted into a perforation in the rock that is going to break, one of the wedges is pushed further to the tube, thus ensuring the device in the drilling, has the disadvantage that if the wedges fail, it is likely that the increase gas pressure take the device out of the hole. Some extractions take place without blasting, for example, using machinery. Patent application No. CA 26288 describes equipment that uses multiple blades to cut the material. However, such equipment cannot be used in all situations, they require the installation of rails and expensive infrastructure.
También es posible automatizar el proceso de voladura, la solicitud de patente N° W097/2168 describe un vehículo adaptado para perforar agujeros en un frente de material e insertar cargas explosivas. It is also possible to automate the blasting process, patent application No. W097 / 2168 describes a vehicle adapted to drill holes in a material front and insert explosive charges.
Ante las desventajas de las soluciones actuales es que la presente invención busca proporcionar una cápsula pirotécnica mejorada para uso en minería y demolición o cualquier proceso que requiera de ruptura de material duro. La presente invención combina las ventajas de los sistemas de presión de gas direccional con explosivos. Given the disadvantages of current solutions, the present invention seeks to provide an improved pyrotechnic capsule for use in mining and demolition or any process that requires Rupture of hard material. The present invention combines the advantages of directional gas pressure systems with explosives.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figura 1. Muestra el diagrama de flujo del proceso. Figure 1. Shows the process flow chart.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN CÁPSULA PIROTÉCNICA Y COM POSICIÓN EXPLOSIVA DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION PIROTÉCNICA CAPSULE AND EXPLOSIVE POSITION
Un aspecto de la presente invención se refiere a una Cápsula pirotécnica que contiene una fórmula propelente para la ruptura de roca/ concreto, comprendiendo la cápsula, una composición explosiva, un método de explosión y usos de la misma. One aspect of the present invention relates to a pyrotechnic capsule containing a propellant formula for rock / concrete rupture, the capsule comprising, an explosive composition, an explosion method and uses thereof.
Una forma de realización de la presente invención proporciona, una cápsula pirotécnica (PBCpyrothecnic blasting capsule) que corresponde a un tubo termoplástico, el cual puede tener distintos diámetros y múltiples largos, lo que permite que contenga diferentes pesos en gramos, de acuerdo a las necesidades de explosión. En una forma preferente la cápsula puede tener diámetrosde 1 ,125" y 1 ,75" y múltiples largos: eight -1 Tube íer;g í -3 Tube lenghi An embodiment of the present invention provides a pyrotechnic capsule (PBCpyrothecnic blasting capsule) corresponding to a thermoplastic tube, which can have different diameters and multiple lengths, which allows it to contain different weights in grams, according to the needs of explosion In a preferred form the capsule can have diameters of 1, 125 " and 1, 75 " and multiple lengths: eight -1 Tube íer; g í -3 Tube lenghi
O.D, 1.1 5" O.D.1.75" O.D, 1.1 5 "O.D.1.75"
P3C25 25 grams 23/8" N/A P3C25 25 grams 23/8 "N / A
P3C 50 50 grams 4 ½" N/A P3C 50 50 grams 4 ½ "N / A
P3C 75 '75 grams 6 ½" N/A P3C 75 '75 grams 6½ "N / A
P3C : 00 100 grams 8 ½" 3½" P3C: 00 100 grams 8 ½ "3½"
P3C : 50 150 grams 1 ve 43/8" P3C: 50 150 grams 1 ve 43/8 "
P3C20G 200 grams 17 ½" 53/8" P3C20G 200 grams 17 ½ "53/8"
P3C300 300 grams 24 ½" 7" P3C300 300 grams 24 ½ "7"
P3C 400 400 grams N A 93/8" P3C 400 400 grams N A 93/8 "
PBG 600 800 grams N/A 13 ¾" La cápsula pirotécnica usa una energía de partida de 2,3 cal/g, está creada por dosificación precisa de una combinación de productos químicos (oxidantes y combustibles) para una densidad de 1 ,45 g/ ce, calibrada para no generar gases tóxicos. PBG 600 800 grams N / A 13 ¾ " The pyrotechnic capsule uses a starting energy of 2.3 cal / g, it is created by precise dosing of a combination of chemical products (oxidizers and fuels) for a density of 1.45 g / ce, calibrated to not generate toxic gases.
En la presente invención, se describe una composición explosiva, contenida en la cápsula pirotécnica, la cual corresponde a una fórmula propelente que deflagra a una velocidad de 500-800 Ft/s. In the present invention, an explosive composition, contained in the pyrotechnic capsule, is described, which corresponds to a propellant formula that deflates at a rate of 500-800 Ft / s.
La tecnología de generación de gas puede combinarse con una fórmula rica en agentes oxidantes la cual contiene los siguientes componentes Nitrato de Amonio, Nitrato de sodio, Perclorato de Potasio, Nitrato de Calcio, BaCr04, BaCI03 y Ba02con un tamaño de partícula en el rango de 40, 50, 80, 200, 270 y 400 mesh. Loscomponentes combustibles son azucares(con diferentesestructurasquímicas), FeSi, Mg/AI con tamaños de partícula de 80 a 200 mesh. Todas las variaciones de fórmulas oxidantes (razones de masas y composición), tienen todas similares valoresde calor y presión. Gas generation technology can be combined with a formula rich in oxidizing agents which contains the following components Ammonium Nitrate, Sodium Nitrate, Potassium Perchlorate, Calcium Nitrate, BaCr04, BaCI03 and Ba02 with a particle size in the range of 40, 50, 80, 200, 270 and 400 mesh. The combustible components are sugars (with different chemical structures), FeSi, Mg / AI with particle sizes of 80 to 200 mesh. All variations of oxidizing formulas (mass and composition ratios), all have similar values of heat and pressure.
Lasrazonesde masasde compuestosoxidantes están en el rango de47%to 75%en peso. Lasrazonesde masas de la matriz de combustible de las formulaciones están en los rangos de 8% a 22%. The reasons for masses of oxidizing compounds are in the range of 47% to 75% by weight. The mass ratios of the fuel matrix of the formulations are in the ranges of 8% to 22%.
La característica principal y diferenciadora de la presente invención es el proceso de absorción de la energía. El oxidante pasa por tres cambios diferentes en la estructura cristalina y de fusión. El punto del oxidante dentro de la cápsula de fusión empieza a descomponerse exo-térmicamente de forma inmediata.The main and differentiating feature of the present invention is the energy absorption process. The oxidant goes through three different changes in the crystalline and fusion structure. The oxidant point inside the fusion capsule begins to decompose exo-thermally immediately.
La reacción produce un desprendimiento concomitante de gas. La formulación crea K-bares mayores (47 a 90) queotrosproductossimilaressin crear excesiva velocidad de la partícula. Las reacción es químicas de la formulación se producen lentamente al principio (período de inducción), porque hay diferentes tamaños de partículas y el catalizador presente tienen diferentes puntos de fusión, la tasa de reacción aumenta progresivamente a medida que avanza la reacción como la cantidad de calor inicial sigue aumentando también aumenta la reacción del catalizador. The reaction produces a concomitant gas evolution. The formulation creates larger K-bars (47 to 90) than other products similar to creating excessive particle velocity. The chemical reactions of the formulation occur slowly at the beginning (induction period), because there are different particle sizes and the catalyst present have different melting points, the reaction rate increases progressively as the reaction progresses as the amount of Initial heat continues to increase also increases the reaction of the catalyst.
En una forma preferente, la composición contiene una mezcla de agentes oxidantes y reductores compuesta por perclorato de potasio (KCI04), Cab-O-Sil, Lactosa, Ferrosilicio y Magnalium, preferentemente la composición corresponde a un 57% de KCI04, 11%de Magnalium, 21% de Lactosa y 11%de Ferrosilicio (%p/p). In a preferred form, the composition contains a mixture of oxidizing and reducing agents composed of potassium perchlorate (KCI0 4 ), Cab-O-Sil, Lactose, Ferrosilicon and Magnalium, preferably the composition corresponds to 57% of KCI04, 11% Magnalium, 21% Lactose and 11% Ferrosilicon (% w / w).
La descomposición termal es mejorada por la distribución del tamaño de partícula de la composición, preferentemente, la distribución del tamaño de partícula para la formulación corresponde al rango entre 50 - 140 mesh, la superficie aumentada y el uso del agente redactor Magnalium mejora las propiedades cinéticas termales de la composición pirotécnica. The thermal decomposition is improved by the distribution of the particle size of the composition, preferably, the distribution of the particle size for the formulation corresponds to the range between 50 - 140 mesh, the increased surface area and the use of the Magnalium drafting agent improves the thermal kinetic properties of the pyrotechnic composition.
Perclorato de potasio (KCI04) es un oxidante, incoloro, cristalino que funde a aproximadamente 610 ° C. EEs uno de los oxidantes más comunes utilizados en fuegos artificiales, cápsulas fulminantes municiones, explosivos iniciadores, y se útil iza de diversas maneras en los propulsores, composiciones de flash, estrellas y luces de bengala. Se ha utilizado como un sólido propulsor de cohete, aunque en esa aplicación, sobre todo ha sido reemplazado por el perclorato de amonio mayor rendimiento. KCI04 tiene la solubilidad más baja de todos los percloratos (2,08 g KCI04 en 100 g H20 a 25 ° C) Potassium perchlorate (KCI0 4 ) is an oxidant, colorless, crystalline that melts at approximately 610 ° C. It is one of the most common oxidants used in fireworks, fulminant ammunition capsules, starter explosives, and is used in various ways in the propellers, flash compositions, stars and sparklers. It has been used as a solid rocket propellant, although in that application, it has mostly been replaced by higher performance ammonium perchlorate. KCI04 has the lowest solubility of all perchlorates (2.08 g KCI04 in 100 g H20 at 25 ° C)
El ión perclorato CI04" es más estable que cloratoso nitratos. En la presente invención el KCI04 dentro de la cápsula es capaz de liberar sus cuatro átomos de oxígeno para la combustión completa de todos los elementos. Esta reacción completada es posible debido a la dosificación única de la formulación. La energía producida durante la reacción esde aproximadamente 1500 cal / g (1 ,70 RWS RBS2,9), lo que indica una reacción completa. The perchlorate ion CI04 " is more stable than chlorate nitrates. In the present invention the KCI04 within the capsule is capable of releasing its four oxygen atoms for the complete combustion of all elements. This completed reaction is possible due to the single dosage. of the formulation The energy produced during the reaction is approximately 1500 cal / g (1.70 RWS RBS2.9), indicating a complete reaction.
Cab-O-Sil es una, amorfo, dióxido de silicio de pirólisis sintético. Debido a su naturaleza inerte, se ha utilizado en los alimentos tales como kethcup así como en champú y algunos cosméticos. Cuando se mezcla en resina líquida, Cabosil funciona como un espesante de resina (agente de control de flujo) y algunas veces como un anti-sedimentación, un agente anti-apelmazamiento. Cab-O-Sil is an, amorphous, synthetic pyrolysis silicon dioxide. Due to its inert nature, it has been used in foods such as kethcup as well as in shampoo and some cosmetics. When mixed in liquid resin, Cabosil functions as a resin thickener (flow control agent) and sometimes as an anti-sedimentation, an anti-caking agent.
Lactosa, disacárido que consiste en moléculas de beta-D-ga lactosa y β-D-glucosa unidas mediante un enlace glicosídico β1-4. Lactosa constituye alrededor del 2-8% de los sólidos en la leche, se utiliza como combustible. Lactose, disaccharide consisting of beta-D-ga lactose and β-D-glucose molecules linked by a β1-4 glycosidic bond. Lactose constitutes about 2-8% of the solids in milk, it is used as fuel.
Ferrosilicio o ferrosilicium es una aleación de hierro y silicio con entre 15 y 90% de silicio. Contiene una alta proporción de siliciu ros de hierro. Su punto de fusión esde aproximadamente 1.200 sCa 1.250 sCcon un punto de ebullición de 2355 ° C. También contiene alrededor de 1 a 2%de calcio y aluminio. Ferrosilicon or ferrosilicium is an alloy of iron and silicon with between 15 and 90% silicon. It contains a high proportion of iron silicones. Its melting point is approximately 1,200 s Ca 1,250 s C with a boiling point of 2355 ° C. It also contains about 1 to 2% calcium and aluminum.
Magnalium esa una aleación de aluminio con 5-50% de magnesio. Se añaden pequeñas cantidades de otros elementos para mejorar la dureza. Se utiliza en ingeniería y pirotecnia. Magnalium is an aluminum alloy with 5-50% magnesium. Small amounts of other elements are added to improve hardness. It is used in engineering and pyrotechnics.
El tamaño de partícula de KCI04 y de combustibles Fe/ Si tiene efecto sobre el desprendimiento de gas, y afectan la velocidad de combustión y la sensibilidad de ignición de la cápsula. Estos parámetros reflejan los efectos cinéticos de reaccionesquímicasde estado sólido de la formulación. Lostamañosde partícula diferentes producen una mayor velocidad de combustión y una menor sensibilidad de ignición. The particle size of KCI04 and Fe / Si fuels has an effect on gas evolution, and affects the combustion rate and ignition sensitivity of the capsule. These parameters reflect the kinetic effects of solid state chemical reactions of the formulation. Different particle sizes produce a higher combustion rate and a lower ignition sensitivity.
PROCESO DE FABRICACIÓN En la Figura 1 se muestra el diagrama de flujo del proceso que comprende las siguientes etapas: MANUFACTURING PROCESS Figure 1 shows the process flow chart comprising the following steps:
• Pegar la mecha eléctrica a la tapa • Glue the electric wick to the lid
• Mezclar los combustibles • Mix the fuels
• Mezclar los oxidantes • Mix the oxidants
• Presionar la tapa del cartucho en el tubo de la cápsula pirotécnica • Press the cartridge cover on the pyrotechnic capsule tube
· Pesar el combustible / oxidantes para la carga · Weigh the fuel / oxidizers for the load
• Cargar el tubo de la cápsula pirotécnica con el combustible y oxidantes • Load the pyrotechnic capsule tube with fuel and oxidants
• Presionar la tapa/ mecha eléctrica en el tubo • Press the cover / electric wick on the tube
• Place los tubos de la cápsula pirotécnica en la caja de agitación • Place the pyrotechnic capsule tubes in the agitation box
• Agitar lostubosde la cápsula pirotécnica • Shake the pyrotechnic capsule
· Empacar para distribución · Pack for distribution
De forma preferencial, el Perclorato y CAB-O-SIL deben ser mezcladosa aproximadamente 12 rpm por al menosuna hora; Ferrosilicon, Magnesio y Lactosa deben ser mezclados aproximadamente a 9 rpm por al menos 2 horas. La composición es mezclada en dos pasos, con un tamaño de partícula específico de 80 mesh, a rpm y tiempos específicos y una mezcla final por 2: 30 hrs a 9 rpm. Preferably, Perchlorate and CAB-O-SIL should be mixed at approximately 12 rpm for at least one hour; Ferrosilicon, Magnesium and Lactose should be mixed at approximately 9 rpm for at least 2 hours. The composition is mixed in two steps, with a specific particle size of 80 mesh, at rpm and specific times and a final mixture for 2: 30 hrs at 9 rpm.
La cápsula pirotécnica de la invención puede utilizarse para la demolición de paredes axiales, fundaciones, pilares, vigas, puentes, columnasdel puente de apoyo, pilotes, columnas cantilever, Roca Fundacional, de túnel. The pyrotechnic capsule of the invention can be used for the demolition of axial walls, foundations, pillars, beams, bridges, support bridge columns, piles, cantilever columns, Foundation Rock, tunnel.
La presente invención utiliza la fuerza de tracción a rotura de la roca que es en promedio 20 veces más débil en la resistencia a la tracción que en la fuerza de compresión. La fuerza de tracción se aplica mediante una liberación rápida de grandes volúmenes de gas generado por la composición en el cartucho. El cartucho es incrustado en la roca por medio de una perforación y procedimiento de apisonamiento y se enciende eléctricamente utilizando un partidor eléctrico aprobado. Está diseñado específicamente para romper roca/hormigón con mínimo de sonido, vibración y voladura de roca. The present invention uses the tensile strength of the rock that is on average 20 times weaker in tensile strength than in compressive strength. The tensile force is applied by a rapid release of large volumes of gas generated by the composition in the cartridge. He Cartridge is embedded in the rock by means of a drilling and tamping procedure and is turned on electrically using an approved electric splitter. It is specifically designed to break rock / concrete with minimal sound, vibration and rock blasting.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CL2016001929A CL2016001929A1 (en) | 2016-07-29 | 2016-07-29 | Pyrotechnic capsule and its use in the breaking of hard materials such as rocks, concrete and concrete. |
| CL1929-2016 | 2016-07-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2018018174A1 true WO2018018174A1 (en) | 2018-02-01 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CL2017/050037 Ceased WO2018018174A1 (en) | 2016-07-29 | 2017-07-28 | Pyrotechnic capsule, explosive composition and uses of same |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AR (1) | AR109198A1 (en) |
| CL (1) | CL2016001929A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2018018174A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112765853A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-05-07 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Blasting vibration reliability design method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2395714A (en) * | 2003-02-20 | 2004-06-02 | Raymond Townley-Malyon | Pyrotechnic rock and concrete breaking system |
| US20070107820A1 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2007-05-17 | Christopher Schmidt | Gas-generating compositions, fracturing system and method of fracturing material |
| ES2339208A1 (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2010-05-17 | Anita Atkins | ARTIFICIO TO BREAK ROCK AND CONCRETE THROUGH A PIROTECHNICAL MIXTURE CONTAINED IN A PLASTIC MATERIAL CYLINDER THAT INCLUDES AN ELECTRIC INFLAMMER CONNECTED TO TWO CABLES OF DIFFERENT COLOR AND A PRIMING SYSTEM CONSISTING IN VARIOUS MECHANISES. |
| ES2523879T3 (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2014-12-02 | Controlled Blasting Solutions Limited | Directional Gas Pressure Device |
-
2016
- 2016-07-29 CL CL2016001929A patent/CL2016001929A1/en unknown
-
2017
- 2017-07-28 AR ARP170102150A patent/AR109198A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2017-07-28 WO PCT/CL2017/050037 patent/WO2018018174A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2395714A (en) * | 2003-02-20 | 2004-06-02 | Raymond Townley-Malyon | Pyrotechnic rock and concrete breaking system |
| US20070107820A1 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2007-05-17 | Christopher Schmidt | Gas-generating compositions, fracturing system and method of fracturing material |
| ES2339208A1 (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2010-05-17 | Anita Atkins | ARTIFICIO TO BREAK ROCK AND CONCRETE THROUGH A PIROTECHNICAL MIXTURE CONTAINED IN A PLASTIC MATERIAL CYLINDER THAT INCLUDES AN ELECTRIC INFLAMMER CONNECTED TO TWO CABLES OF DIFFERENT COLOR AND A PRIMING SYSTEM CONSISTING IN VARIOUS MECHANISES. |
| ES2523879T3 (en) * | 2010-08-26 | 2014-12-02 | Controlled Blasting Solutions Limited | Directional Gas Pressure Device |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112765853A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-05-07 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Blasting vibration reliability design method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AR109198A1 (en) | 2018-11-07 |
| CL2016001929A1 (en) | 2017-03-24 |
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