WO2018024052A1 - 直流-直流变换器、升压单元、电动汽车和电池备份系统 - Google Patents

直流-直流变换器、升压单元、电动汽车和电池备份系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018024052A1
WO2018024052A1 PCT/CN2017/090619 CN2017090619W WO2018024052A1 WO 2018024052 A1 WO2018024052 A1 WO 2018024052A1 CN 2017090619 W CN2017090619 W CN 2017090619W WO 2018024052 A1 WO2018024052 A1 WO 2018024052A1
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Prior art keywords
connection control
boosting unit
inductor
converter
unidirectional
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PCT/CN2017/090619
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
管恩慧
冈村政和
陈硕
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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Priority to US15/565,827 priority Critical patent/US10277124B2/en
Publication of WO2018024052A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018024052A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/1563—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators without using an external clock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a boosting unit, a direct current (DC)-DC converter including the boosting unit, an electric vehicle, and a battery backup system.
  • DC direct current
  • the DC-DC converter In order to increase the voltage conversion ratio of the circuit, the DC-DC converter usually selects the duty cycle of the extreme value or introduces a transformer structure. In addition, attempts have also been made to increase the voltage conversion ratio of the circuit by changing the topology of the circuit. However, the voltage gain achieved by the above method is still strictly limited by the circuit topology and duty cycle values.
  • a boosting unit including: a first inductor, a first end is an input end of the boosting unit; and a boosting capacitor, the first end is connected to the second end of the first inductor; a first unidirectional conduction device, the first end is connected to the second end of the first inductor, the second end is connected to the output end of the boosting unit; the second unidirectional conduction device is connected to the first inductor a first end, the second end is connected to the second end of the boost capacitor; the third unidirectional pass device has a first end connected to the second end of the boost capacitor and a second end connected to the first end of the second inductor a fourth unidirectional conduction device, the first end is connected to the first end of the first inductor, the second end is connected to the first end of the second inductor; and the second end is the second end The output of the unit.
  • the first unidirectional pass device, the second unidirectional pass device, and the fourth unidirectional pass device are turned on, and the third unidirectional pass device is turned off
  • the discharge phase The first unidirectional pass device, the second unidirectional pass device, and the fourth unidirectional pass device are turned off, and the third unidirectional pass device is turned on.
  • the first unidirectional pass device, the second unidirectional pass device, the third unidirectional pass device, and the fourth unidirectional pass device are diodes, and the first end of each unidirectional pass device is a corresponding diode The anode, and the second end of each unidirectionally pass device is the cathode of the diode.
  • a DC DC-DC converter including: a switch, Connected to the input voltage; a main diode connected to the switch; the stabilizing capacitor, the first end is connected in series with the main diode and the second end is connected to the input voltage, and the first end and the second end of the stabilizing capacitor are the DC-DC The output of the converter; and any of the boosting units described above.
  • the DC-DC converter includes two or more boosting units, the two or more boosting units are cascaded, and the DC-DC converter further includes: a connection a control unit, connected between each two-stage boosting unit, configured to connect the boosting unit of the present stage in parallel with the boosting unit of the previous stage during charging, and to raise the boosting unit of the present stage with the previous stage during discharging
  • the pressure units are connected in series.
  • connection control unit includes: a first connection control device, the first end is connected to the input end of the previous stage boost unit, and the second end is connected to the input end of the next stage boost unit; Connecting the control device, the first end is connected to the output end of the previous stage boosting unit, the second end is connected to the second end of the first connection control device; and the third connection control part is connected to the first stage The output end of the pressure unit is connected to the output end of the boosting unit of the next stage.
  • the first connection control device and the third connection control device are turned on, and the second connection control device is turned off, and during discharging, the first connection control device and the third connection control device are turned off, and The second connection control device is turned on.
  • the first connection control device, the second connection control device, and the third connection control device are diodes, and the first end of each connection control device is the anode of the corresponding diode, and each of the second control device is connected The end is the cathode of the diode.
  • a battery backup system including any of the DC-DC converters described above.
  • an electric vehicle that includes any of the DC-DC converters described above.
  • the voltage gain can be increased by replacing the inductance in a conventional DC-DC converter with a boosting unit.
  • 1 is an exemplary circuit diagram showing the structure of a DC-DC converter
  • FIG. 2a and 2b are schematic views showing an operation mode of the DC-DC converter shown in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing waveforms of an input current, a voltage and a current at a diode D, and voltages and currents across an inductor L in the DC-DC converter shown in FIG. 1;
  • 4a to 4c are schematic diagrams showing simulations of voltage waveforms across the diode of the DC-DC converter shown in FIG. 1, current waveforms at both ends of the inductor, and output voltage waveforms;
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a structure of a boosting unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a structure of a DC-DC converter including a boosting unit as shown in FIG. 5, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7a and 7b are schematic views showing an operation mode of the DC-DC converter shown in Fig. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing waveforms of voltages and/or currents of respective elements in the DC-DC converter shown in FIG. 6;
  • VD 5 the voltage across the DC-DC converter shown in FIG. 6, L 1 at both ends of the first inductor current, waveform boost capacitors C 1 and the voltage across the output voltage Uo Simulation diagram
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a structure of a DC-DC converter according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11a and 11b are schematic views showing an operation mode of the DC-DC converter shown in Fig. 10;
  • 12a to 12d are diagrams showing voltages across the main diode VD 5 of the DC-DC converter of FIG. 10, currents across the first inductor L 11 or L 21 , voltages across the boost capacitor C 1 or C 2 , and Simulation diagram of the waveform of the output voltage Uo;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a structure of a DC-DC converter according to still another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 is a graph showing a voltage gain as a function of the duty ratio D and the number n of cascaded boosting units.
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b are schematic views showing an operation mode of the DC-DC converter shown in FIG. Among them, the DC-DC converter is a buck-boost DC-DC converter.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing waveforms of an input current, a voltage and a current at a diode D, and voltages and currents across an inductor L in the DC-DC converter shown in FIG. 1, and
  • FIG. 4 is a view showing FIG. A simulation diagram of the voltage waveform across the diode of the DC-DC converter, the current waveform across the inductor, and the output voltage waveform.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a structure of a boosting unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the booster unit comprises a first inductor L 1, the booster capacitor C 1, a first unidirectional conducting device, the second unidirectional conducting device, a third unidirectional conducting device, said fourth unidirectional 5 The pass device and the second inductor L 2 .
  • the first end of the first inductor L 1 is the input terminal Input of the boosting unit.
  • a first end of the boost capacitor C 1 is coupled to a second end of the first inductor L 1 .
  • a first unidirectional conducting device is connected to a first end of a second terminal of the first inductor of L 1, a second terminal connected to the output terminal Output of the boosting unit.
  • a second unidirectional conducting device is connected to a first terminal of a first end of a first inductor L 1, a second terminal connected to a second terminal of the boost capacitors C 1.
  • Third unidirectional conducting device in a first end connected to the second terminal of the boost capacitors C 1 and a second end connected to a first terminal of a second inductor L 2 is.
  • a fourth unidirectional conducting device is connected to a first terminal of a first end of a first inductor L 1, a second end connected to a first terminal of a second inductor L 2.
  • the second end of the second inductor L 2 is the output of the boosting unit Output.
  • the boosting unit can be applied to a DC-DC converter.
  • the first unidirectional pass device, the second unidirectional pass device, and the fourth unidirectional pass device are turned on, and the third unidirectional pass device is turned off
  • the discharge phase the first unidirectional pass device, the second unidirectional pass device, and the fourth unidirectional pass device are turned off, and the third unidirectional pass device is turned on.
  • the first unidirectional pass device, the second unidirectional pass device, the third unidirectional pass device, and the fourth unidirectional pass device are diodes, and the first end of each unidirectional pass device is a corresponding diode The anode, and the second end of each unidirectionally pass device is the cathode of the diode.
  • embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a structure of a DC-DC converter 600 including the boosting unit shown in FIG. 5, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • DC-DC converter 600 includes switches S 1, main diode VD 5, the capacitor C 0 and the boost regulator unit 610.
  • Switch S 1 is connected to input voltage Ui.
  • the main diode VD 5 is connected to the switch S 1 .
  • the first end of the stabilizing capacitor C 0 is connected in series with the main diode VD 5 and the second end is connected to the input voltage Ui, and the first end and the second end of the stabilizing capacitor C 0 are the output of the DC-DC converter 500 End, that is, the output voltage Uo.
  • the input end of the boosting unit 610 is connected to the switch S 1 to receive the input voltage Ui, and the output end is connected to the second end of the voltage stabilizing capacitor C 0 , the boosting unit 610 includes a first inductor L 1 and a second inductor L 2, the boosting capacitor C 1, a first unidirectional conducting device VD 1, VD second unidirectionally conductive device 2, a third unidirectional conducting device VD 3 and a fourth unidirectional conducting device VD 4.
  • the voltage gain can be increased by replacing the inductance in a conventional DC-DC converter with a boosting unit.
  • L a first end of the first inductor 1 is an input terminal of the boosting unit 510; boost capacitor C 1 is connected to a first terminal of the first inductor of L 1 a second end; a first unidirectional conducting device VD anode 1 is connected to a second terminal of the first inductor L 1, and a cathode connected to the output of the boosting unit 510; a second unidirectional conducting device is connected to the anode VD 2 a first inductor to the first end of L 1, a cathode connected to a second terminal of the boost capacitor C 1; and a third unidirectional conducting device VD anode 3 connected to the boost capacitor C 1, a second terminal, a cathode connected to the a first end of the second inductor L 2 ; an anode of the fourth unidirectional pass device VD 4 is coupled to the first end of the first inductor L 1 , and a cathode is coupled to the first end of the second in
  • FIG. 7a and 7b are schematic views showing an operation mode of the DC-DC converter 600 shown in Fig. 6.
  • a first unidirectional conducting device VD 1 When the switch S 1 is turned on, a first unidirectional conducting device VD 1, through a second unidirectional device VD 2 and the fourth unidirectional conducting device VD 4 is turned on, a third unidirectional conducting device 7a VD 3 and main diode VD 5 are turned off, and DC input power source Ui charges inductors L 1 , L 2 and boost capacitor C 1 .
  • the first inductor L 1 , the second inductor L 2 and the boosting capacitor C 1 are respectively connected in parallel in the circuit, and the voltages across the inductors L 1 and L 2 are both Ui.
  • a first unidirectional conducting device VD. 1 when the switch S 1 is turned off, a first unidirectional conducting device VD. 1, the second unidirectional conducting device 2 VD and VD fourth unidirectional conducting device is turned off. 4, a third unidirectional conducting device VD 3 is electrically connected to the main diode VD 5 and constitutes a current storage loop with the first inductor L 1 and the second inductor L 2 .
  • the first inductor L 1 , the second inductor L 2 and the boosting capacitor C 1 are connected in series in the circuit and cooperate, and the voltages across the first inductor L 1 and the second inductor L 2 are both (Ui-Uo)/2.
  • the DC-DC converter 600 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure increases the voltage gain as compared with the voltage gain D/(1-D) of the conventional DC-DC converter shown in FIG. 1.
  • the power loss of the DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is smaller than the method of selecting the duty ratio of the extremum to increase the voltage gain of the circuit.
  • the DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure has a smaller circuit and a lower cost than a method of realizing a high voltage gain using a transformer.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing waveforms of voltages and/or currents of respective elements in the DC-DC converter 600 shown in FIG. 6. It should be understood that the waveforms shown in FIG. 8 are merely illustrative, and that the scales of some of the waveforms may be enlarged or reduced for illustrative purposes, so the ratio between the waveforms may not be exactly the same as the actual values.
  • 9a-9d is a main DC-DC converter 600 in FIG. 6 the voltage across the diode VD 5 shown in FIG, L 1 both ends of the first inductor current, a boost voltage across the capacitors C 1 and the output voltage Uo Schematic diagram of the waveform.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a structure of a DC-DC converter 1000 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the DC-DC converter 1000 comprises two booster unit 1010 and 102,010, in particular 1010 and 1020 and the booster unit
  • the structure is the same as that of the boosting unit 610 shown in FIG. 6, and details are not described herein again.
  • the DC-DC converter 1000 shown in FIG. 10 further includes: a connection control unit 1030, Connected between the two boosting units 1010 and 1020, configured to connect the boosting unit 1020 in parallel with the boosting unit 1010 during charging, and to connect the boosting unit 1020 in series with the boosting unit 1010 during discharging.
  • a connection control unit 1030 Connected between the two boosting units 1010 and 1020, configured to connect the boosting unit 1020 in parallel with the boosting unit 1010 during charging, and to connect the boosting unit 1020 in series with the boosting unit 1010 during discharging.
  • connection control unit 1030 may include a first connection control device VD' 01 , a second connection control device VD' 02, and a connection control device VD' 03 .
  • the first end of the first connection control device VD' 01 is coupled to the input of the boost unit 1010 and the second end is coupled to the input of the boost unit 1020.
  • Second control means connected to VD 'a first end connected to the output terminal 02 of the booster unit 1010, a second end connected to a first control means connected to VD' of the second end 01.
  • Third control means connected to VD 'a first end connected to the output terminal 03 of the booster unit 1010, a second terminal connected to the output terminal of the boosting unit 1020.
  • the first connection control device VD' 01 and the third connection control device VD' 02 are turned on, and the second connection control device VD' 02 is turned off, and during discharge, the first connection control device VD' 01 and the first The three connection control device VD' 03 is turned off, and the second connection control device VD' 02 is turned on.
  • connection control device VD' 01 the first connection control device VD' 01 , the second connection control device VD' 02, and the third connection control device VD' 03 are shown as diodes, and each of the first ends of the connection control device It is the anode of the corresponding diode, and the second end of each connection control device is the cathode of the diode.
  • the first control means connected to VD 'of the anode 01 is connected to the input terminal of the boosting unit 1010, i.e., a first end of a first inductor L 11, and a cathode connected to the input terminal of the boosting unit 1020, i.e., a first The first end of the inductor L 21 .
  • Second control means connected to VD 'of the anode 02 is connected to the output terminal of the booster unit 1010, i.e., the second end of the second inductor L 12, and a cathode connected to a first control means connected to VD' of the cathode 01.
  • Third control means connected to VD '03 has an anode connected to the output terminal of the booster unit 1010, i.e., the second end of the second inductor L 12, and a cathode connected to an output terminal of the booster unit 1020, i.e., the second inductor 22 is L The second end.
  • FIG. 11a and 11b are schematic views showing an operation mode of the DC-DC converter 1000 shown in Fig. 10.
  • first one-way pass devices VD 11 and VD 21 in each of the boosting units 1010 and 1020, first one-way pass devices VD 11 and VD 21 , second one-way pass devices VD 12 and VD 22, and fourth one-way pass device VD 14 And VD 24 is turned on, the third one-way pass devices VD 13 and VD 23 and the main diode VD 5 are turned off, and the DC input power source Ui charges the inductors L 11 , L 12 , L 21 , L 22 and the boost capacitor C 1 . .
  • the first inductor L 11 , the second inductor L 12 , and the boosting capacitor C 1 are respectively connected in parallel in the circuit, and the voltages across the inductors L 11 and L 12 are both Ui;
  • the first inductor L 21 , the second inductor L 22 , and the boosting capacitor C 2 are respectively connected in parallel in the circuit, and the voltages across the inductors L 21 and L 22 are also Ui.
  • the first The one-way pass devices VD 11 and VD 21 , the second one-way pass devices VD 12 and VD 22 and the fourth one-way pass devices VD 14 and VD 24 are turned off, the third one-way pass devices VD 13 and VD 23 and the main diode VD 5 is turned on and constitutes a current storage loop with the first inductors L 11 and L 21 and the second inductors L 12 and L 22 , respectively.
  • the booster unit 1010 a first inductor L 11, L 12 of the second inductor and the boost capacitors C 1 connected in series and the circuit interaction; and, in the booster circuit 1020, a first inductor The L 21 , the second inductor L 22 and the boost capacitor C 2 are connected in series in the circuit and cooperate.
  • the DC-DC converter 1000 according to the present embodiment further increases the voltage gain as compared with the DC-DC converter 600 shown in FIG.
  • 12a to 12d are diagrams showing the voltage across the main diode VD 5 of the DC-DC converter 1000 of FIG. 10, the current across the first inductor L 11 or L 21 , and the voltage across the boosting capacitor C 1 or C 2 And a simulation diagram of the waveform of the output voltage Uo.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic circuit diagram showing the structure of a DC-DC converter 1300 according to still another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the DC-DC converter 1300 includes n boosting units 1310 to 13n0, n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2, and the specific structure of each of the boosting units 1310 to 13n0 is the same as that in FIG.
  • the specific structure of the boosting unit 610 is the same, and will not be described again here.
  • the boosting units 1310 to 13n0 are cascaded similarly to the DC-DC converter 1000 in FIG. 10, and the DC-DC converter 1300 further includes a connection control unit connected at every two stages. Between the boosting units, configured to boost the booster unit of the stage with the previous stage during charging The voltage cells are connected in parallel, and the boosting unit of the present stage is connected in series with the boosting unit of the previous stage during discharging.
  • connection control unit in FIG. 13 The structure of the connection control unit in FIG. 13 is the same as that of the connection control unit 1030 shown in FIG. 10, and details are not described herein again.
  • the anode of the first connection control device VD' (n-1)1 is connected to the input terminal of the previous stage boosting unit, and the cathode is connected to the input terminal of the next stage boosting unit;
  • the second connection The anode of the control device VD' (n-1) 2 is connected to the output of the previous stage boosting unit, the cathode is connected to the cathode of the first connection control device;
  • the third connection control device VD' (n-1) 3 The anode is connected to the output of the booster unit of the previous stage, and the cathode is connected to the output of the booster unit of the next stage.
  • the boosting units 1310 to 13n0 When the switch S 1 is turned on, the boosting units 1310 to 13n0 are connected in parallel, and when the switch S 1 is turned off, the boosting units 1310 to 13n0 are connected in series.
  • the switch S 1 when the switch S 1 is turned on, the inductors and capacitors in the respective boosting units are connected in parallel with the circuit; when the switch S 1 is turned off, the inductors and capacitors in the respective boosting units are connected in series in the circuit.
  • the voltage gain can be increased as the number of boosting units increases, and is no longer strictly limited by the circuit topology. That is, the voltage gain of the DC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is proportional to the number n of boosting units.
  • FIG. 14 is a graph showing a voltage gain as a function of the duty ratio D and the number n of cascaded boosting units.
  • the number of boosting units included in the DC-DC converter is two or more, so that the voltage gain can be further increased. Therefore, those skilled in the art can flexibly select the number n of boosting units as needed to achieve the desired voltage gain, which increases the flexibility of circuit design.
  • a battery backup system including any of the DC-DC converters described above.
  • an electric vehicle including any of the DC-DC converters described above.

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  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

一种升压单元（610、1010、1020、1310-13n0）、包括其的直流-直流（DC-DC）变换器（600、1000、1300）、电动汽车和电池备份系统。DC-DC变换器包括：开关（S 1），连接到输入电压（Ui）；主二极管（VD 5），连接到开关；稳压电容器（C 0），第一端与主二极管串联连接且第二端连接到输入电压，并且稳压电容器的第一端和第二端是该DC-DC变换器的输出端；和升压单元，输入端连接到开关以接收输入电压，输出端连接到稳压电容器的第二端，该升压单元包括第一电感器（L 1、L 11-L n1）、第二电感器（L 2、L 12-L n2）、升压电容器（C 1-C n）、第一单向导通器件（VD 1、VD 11-VD n1）、第二单向导通器件（VD 2、VD 12-VD n2）、第三单向导通器件（VD 3、VD 13-VD n3）和第四单向导通器件（VD 4、VD 14-VD n4）。通过利用升压单元来替换普通DC-DC变换器中的电感，可以提高电压增益。

Description

直流-直流变换器、升压单元、电动汽车和电池备份系统 技术领域
本公开实施例涉及一种升压单元、包括该升压单元的直流(DC)-直流变换器、电动汽车和电池备份系统。
背景技术
为提升电路的电压转换比，通常DC-DC变换器选取极值的占空比或者引入变压器结构。另外，也尝试通过改变电路的拓扑结构来提高电路的电压转换比。但是，上述方法所实现的电压增益仍严格的受到电路拓扑结构和占空比取值的限制。
因此，需要一种能够提高电压增益的新的电路结构。
发明内容
根据本公开实施例，提供一种升压单元，包括：第一电感器，第一端是该升压单元的输入端；升压电容器，第一端连接到第一电感器的第二端；第一单向导通器件，第一端连接到第一电感器的第二端，第二端连接到该升压单元的输出端；第二单向导通器件，第一端连接到第一电感器的第一端，第二端连接到升压电容器的第二端；第三单向导通器件，第一端连接到升压电容器的第二端，第二端连接到第二电感器的第一端；第四单向导通器件，第一端连接到第一电感器的第一端，第二端连接到第二电感器的第一端；以及第二电感器，第二端是该升压单元的输出端。
在一个例子中，在充电阶段中，所述第一单向导通器件、第二单向导通器件和第四单向导通器件导通，而所述第三单向导通器件截止，并且在放电阶段中，所述第一单向导通器件、第二单向导通器件和第四单向导通器件截止，而所述第三单向导通器件导通。
在一个例子中，第一单向导通器件、第二单向导通器件、第三单向导通器件和第四单向导通器件是二极管，并且每个单向导通器件的第一端是相应二极管的阳极，且每个单向导通器件的第二端是该二极管的阴极。
根据本公开另一个实施例，提供一种直流DC-DC变换器，包括：开关， 连接到输入电压；主二极管，连接到开关；稳压电容器，第一端与主二极管串联连接且第二端连接到输入电压，并且稳压电容器的第一端和第二端是该DC-DC变换器的输出端；和如上所述的任一个升压单元。
在一个例子中，该DC-DC变换器包括的升压单元的数目为两个或更多个，所述两个或更多个升压单元级联，并且DC-DC变换器还包括：连接控制单元，连接在每两级升压单元之间，被配置为在充电期间将本级升压单元与前一级升压单元并联，且在放电期间将本级升压单元与前一级升压单元串联。
在一个例子中，所述连接控制单元包括：第一连接控制器件，第一端连接到前一级升压单元的输入端，第二端连接到下一级升压单元的输入端；第二连接控制器件，第一端连接到前一级升压单元的输出端，第二端连接到第一连接控制器件的第二端；以及第三连接控制部件，第一端连接到前一级升压单元的输出端，第二端连接到下一级升压单元的输出端。
在一个例子中，在充电期间，第一连接控制器件和第三连接控制器件导通，而第二连接控制器件截止，并且在放电期间，第一连接控制器件和第三连接控制器件截止，而第二连接控制器件导通。
在一个例子中，第一连接控制器件、第二连接控制器件和第三连接控制器件是二极管，并且每个连接控制器件的第一端是相应二极管的阳极，且每个连接控制器件的第二端是该二极管的阴极。
根据本公开另一个实施例，提供一种电池备份系统，包括如上所述的任一个DC-DC变换器。
根据本公开另一个实施例，提供一种电动汽车，包括如上所述的任一个DC-DC变换器。
根据本公开实施例，通过利用升压单元来替换普通DC-DC变换器中的电感，可以提高电压增益。
附图说明
通过以下借助附图的详细描述，将会更容易地理解本公开，其中相同的标号指定相同结构的单元，并且在其中：
图1是示出一种DC-DC变换器的结构的示范性电路图；
图2a和图2b是示出图1中所示的DC-DC变换器的工作模式的示意图；
图3是示出图1中所示的DC-DC变换器中的输入电流、二极管D处的电压和电流以及电感L两端的电压和电流的波形的示意图；
图4a至图4c是示出图1所示的DC-DC变换器的二极管两端电压波形、电感两端电流波形及输出电压波形的仿真示意图；
图5示出根据本公开一个实施例的升压单元的结构的示意图；
图6示出根据本公开一个实施例的包括如图5中所示的升压单元的DC-DC变换器的结构的示意性电路图；
图7a和图7b是示出图6中所示的DC-DC变换器的工作模式的示意图；
图8是示出在图6中示出的DC-DC变换器中的各元件的电压和/或电流的波形的示意图；
图9a至图9d是示出图6中的DC-DC变换器的主二极管VD5两端电压、第一电感器L1两端电流、升压电容器C1两端电压及输出电压Uo的波形的仿真示意图；
图10是示出根据本公开另一实施例的DC-DC变换器的结构的示意性电路图；
图11a和图11b是示出图10中所示的DC-DC变换器的工作模式的示意图；
图12a至12d是示出图10中的DC-DC变换器的主二极管VD5两端电压、第一电感器L11或L21两端电流、升压电容器C1或C2两端电压及输出电压Uo的波形的仿真示意图；
图13是示出根据本公开再一实施例的DC-DC变换器的结构的示意性电路图；以及
图14是示出电压增益随占空比D和级联的升压单元的数目n而变化的曲线。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
图1是示出一种直流-直流(DC-DC)变换器的结构的示范性电路图，且图2a和图2b是示出图1中所示的DC-DC变换器的工作模式的示意图，其中，该DC-DC变换器为升降压型(buck-boost)DC-DC变换器。
如图2a所示，当该DC-DC变换器的开关S被接通时，电源为电感L充电，电感L两端的电压为电源电压Ui。此时电路中的电流方向如箭头所示。
如图2b所示，当开关S被关断时，电感L两端的电流不能够突变，二极管D导通且与电感L形成放电回路。此时电路中的电流方向如箭头所示。根据电感的伏秒平衡作用原理，可得该DC-DC变换器的电压增益为Uo/Ui＝D/(1-D)，其中，D是控制开关S的信号的占空比。
图3是示出图1中所示的DC-DC变换器中的输入电流、二极管D处的电压和电流以及电感L两端的电压和电流的波形的示意图，并且图4是示出图1所示的DC-DC变换器的二极管两端电压波形、电感两端电流波形及输出电压波形的仿真示意图。
图5示出根据本公开一个实施例的升压单元的结构的示意图。
如图5中所示，该升压单元包括第一电感器L1、升压电容器C1、第一单向导通器件、第二单向导通器件、第三单向导通器件、第四单向导通器件和第二电感器L2。
第一电感器L1的第一端是该升压单元的输入端Input。升压电容器C1的第一端连接到第一电感器L1的第二端。第一单向导通器件的第一端连接到第一电感器L1的第二端，第二端连接到该升压单元的输出端Output。第二单向导通器件的第一端连接到第一电感器L1的第一端，第二端连接到升压电容器C1的第二端。第三单向导通器件的第一端连接到升压电容器C1的第二端，第二端连接到第二电感器L2的第一端。第四单向导通器件的第一端连接到第一电感器L1的第一端，第二端连接到第二电感器L2的第一端。第二电感器L2的第二端是该升压单元的输出端Output。
该升压单元可以被应用于DC-DC变换器中。
具体而言，在充电阶段中，第一单向导通器件、第二单向导通器件和第四单向导通器件导通，而所述第三单向导通器件截止，并且在放电阶段中，所述第一单向导通器件、第二单向导通器件和第四单向导通器件截止，而所述第三单向导通器件导通。
在一个例子中，第一单向导通器件、第二单向导通器件、第三单向导通器件和第四单向导通器件是二极管，并且每个单向导通器件的第一端是相应二极管的阳极，且每个单向导通器件的第二端是该二极管的阴极。但是，本发明实施例不限于此。
图6示出根据本公开一个实施例的包括图5所示的升压单元的DC-DC变换器600的结构的示意性电路图。
如图6中所示，DC-DC变换器600包括开关S1、主二极管VD5、稳压电容器C0和升压单元610。
开关S1连接到输入电压Ui。主二极管VD5连接到开关S1。稳压电容器C0的第一端与主二极管VD5串联连接且第二端连接到输入电压Ui，并且稳压电容器C0的第一端和第二端是该DC-DC变换器500的输出端，即输出电压Uo。升压单元610的输入端连接到开关S1以接收输入电压Ui，输出端连接到稳压电容器C0的第二端，该升压单元610包括第一电感器L1、第二电感器L2、升压电容器C1、第一单向导通器件VD1、第二单向导通器件VD2、第三单向导通器件VD3和第四单向导通器件VD4。
根据本公开实施例，通过利用升压单元来替换普通DC-DC变换器中的电感，可以提高电压增益。
在一个例子中，如图6中所示，第一电感器L1的第一端是该升压单元510的输入端；升压电容器C1的第一端连接到第一电感器L1的第二端；第一单向导通器件VD1的阳极连接到第一电感器L1的第二端，阴极连接到该升压单元510的输出端；第二单向导通器件VD2的阳极连接到第一电感器L1的第一端，阴极连接到升压电容器C1的第二端；第三单向导通器件VD3的阳极连接到升压电容器C1的第二端，阴极连接到第二电感器L2的第一端；第四单向导通器件VD4的阳极连接到第一电感器L1的第一端，阴极连接到第二电感器L2的第一端；并且第二电感器L2的第二端是该升压单元610的输出端。
图7a和图7b是示出图6中所示的DC-DC变换器600的工作模式的示意图。
如图7a所示，当开关S1被接通时，第一单向导通器件VD1、第二单向导通器件VD2和第四单向导通器件VD4导通，第三单向导通器件VD3和主二极管VD5截止，直流输入电源Ui向电感器L1、L2和升压电容器C1进行充电。 此时，第一电感器L1、第二电感器L2和升压电容器C1分别并联连接于电路中，电感L1和L2两端电压均为Ui。
如图7b所示，当开关S1被关断时，第一单向导通器件VD1、第二单向导通器件VD2和第四单向导通器件VD4截止，第三单向导通器件VD3和主二极管VD5导通并与第一电感器L1、第二电感器L2构成蓄流回路。此时，第一电感器L1、第二电感器L2和升压电容器C1串联连接于电路中并共同作用，且第一电感器L1和第二电感器L2两端的电压均为(Ui-Uo)/2。
在该DC-DC变换器600中，根据电感的伏秒平衡作用原理，可以得到UiD+(Ui-Uo)(1-D)/2＝0，从而该电路的电压增益为Uo/Ui＝(1+D)/(1-D)，其中，D为控制开关S1的控制信号的占空比。与图1中所示普通DC-DC变换器的电压增益D/(1-D)相比，根据本公开实施例的DC-DC变换器600提高了电压增益。
此外，与选取极值的占空比来提升电路的电压增益的方法相比，根据本公开实施例的DC-DC变换器的功率损耗更小。并且，与利用变压器实现高电压增益的方法相比，根据本公开实施例的DC-DC变换器的电路体积更小，所需成本更低。
图8是示出在图6中示出的DC-DC变换器600中的各元件的电压和/或电流的波形的示意图。应当明白，图8中所示的波形仅仅是示意性的，并且为了说明的目的可以放大或缩小一些波形的尺度，所以各波形之间的比例可能与实际值不完全相同。
图9a至图9d是示出图6中的DC-DC变换器600的主二极管VD5两端电压、第一电感器L1两端电流、升压电容器C1两端电压及输出电压Uo的波形的仿真示意图。
图10是示出根据本公开另一实施例的DC-DC变换器1000的结构的示意性电路图。
如图10中所示，除了开关S1、主二极管VD5、稳压电容器C0以外，该DC-DC变换器1000包括两个升压单元1010和1020，并且升压单元1010和1020的具体结构与图6中所示的升压单元610的具体结构相同，这里不再赘述。
此外，图10中所示的DC-DC变换器1000还包括：连接控制单元1030， 连接在两个升压单元1010和1020之间，被配置为在充电期间将升压单元1020与升压单元1010并联，且在放电期间将升压单元1020与升压单元1010串联。
在图10所示的例子中，连接控制单元1030可以包括第一连接控制器件VD’01、第二连接控制器件VD’02和连接控制器件VD’03。
第一连接控制器件VD’01的第一端连接到升压单元1010的输入端，第二端连接到升压单元1020的输入端。第二连接控制器件VD’02的第一端连接到升压单元1010的输出端，第二端连接到第一连接控制器件VD’01的第二端。第三连接控制器件VD’03的第一端连接到升压单元1010的输出端，第二端连接到升压单元1020的输出端。
在充电期间，第一连接控制器件VD’01和第三连接控制器件VD’02导通，而第二连接控制器件VD’02截止，并且在放电期间，第一连接控制器件VD’01和第三连接控制器件VD’03截止，而第二连接控制器件VD’02导通。
在图10的例子中，第一连接控制器件VD’01、第二连接控制器件VD’02和第三连接控制器件VD’03被示出为是二极管，并且每个连接控制器件的第一端是相应二极管的阳极，且每个连接控制器件的第二端是该二极管的阴极。
具体而言，第一连接控制器件VD’01的阳极连接到升压单元1010的输入端、即第一电感器L11的第一端，阴极连接到升压单元1020的输入端、即第一电感器L21的第一端。第二连接控制器件VD’02的阳极连接到升压单元1010的输出端、即第二电感器L12的第二端，阴极连接到第一连接控制器件VD’01的阴极。第三连接控制器件VD’03的阳极连接到升压单元1010的输出端、即第二电感器L12的第二端，阴极连接到升压单元1020的输出端、即第二电感器L22的第二端。
图11a和图11b是示出图10中所示的DC-DC变换器1000的工作模式的示意图。
如图11a所示，当开关S1被接通时，第一连接控制器件VD’01和第三连接控制器件VD’03导通，第二连接控制器件VD’02截止，电源电压Ui对两个升压单元1010和1020中的电感元件和电容元件充电，此时，两个升压单元1010和1020在电路中并联连接。与图7a类似地，在升压单元1010和1020的每个中，第一单向导通器件VD11及VD21、第二单向导通器件VD12及VD22和第四单向导通器件VD14及VD24导通，第三单向导通器件VD13及VD23和 主二极管VD5截止，直流输入电源Ui向电感器L11、L12、L21、L22和升压电容器C1进行充电。此时，在升压电路1010中，第一电感器L11、第二电感器L12和升压电容器C1分别并联连接于电路中，电感L11和L12两端电压均为Ui；并且，在升压电路1020中，第一电感器L21、第二电感器L22和升压电容器C2分别并联连接于电路中，电感L21和L22两端电压也均为Ui。
如图11b所示，当开关S1被关断时，第一和第三连接控制器件VD’01、VD’03截止，第二连接控制器件VD’02导通，从而两个升压单元1010和1020串联连接在电路中。由于电感电流不能瞬间突变的特点，其需要与负载构成放电蓄流回路，结合二极管元件本身的通断原理，此时与图7b类似地，在升压单元1010和1020的每个中，第一单向导通器件VD11及VD21、第二单向导通器件VD12及VD22和第四单向导通器件VD14及VD24截止，第三单向导通器件VD13及VD23和主二极管VD5导通并分别与第一电感器L11、L21和第二电感器L12、L22构成蓄流回路。此时，在升压单元1010中，第一电感器L11、第二电感器L12和升压电容器C1串联连接于电路中并共同作用；并且，在升压电路1020中，第一电感器L21、第二电感器L22和升压电容器C2串联连接于电路中并共同作用。
进一步，根据电感的伏秒平衡原理，可得该电路的电压增益为Uo/Ui＝2(1+D)/(1-D)。所以，与图6中所示的DC-DC变换器600相比，根据本实施例的DC-DC变换器1000进一步提高了电压增益。
图12a至12d是示出图10中的DC-DC变换器1000的主二极管VD5两端电压、第一电感器L11或L21两端电流、升压电容器C1或C2两端电压及输出电压Uo的波形的仿真示意图。
图13是示出根据本公开再一实施例的DC-DC变换器1300的结构的示意性电路图。
如图13中所示，该DC-DC变换器1300包括n个升压单元1310至13n0，n为大于等于2的自然数，并且升压单元1310至13n0中的每个的具体结构与图6中所示的升压单元610的具体结构相同，这里不再赘述。
此外，如图所示，与图10中的DC-DC变换器1000类似地，升压单元1310至13n0级联，并且该DC-DC变换器1300还包括：连接控制单元，连接在每两级升压单元之间，被配置为在充电期间将本级升压单元与前一级升 压单元并联，且在放电期间将本级升压单元与前一级升压单元串联。
图13中的连接控制单元的结构与图10中所示的连接控制单元1030的结构和配置相同，这里不再赘述。如图13中所示，第一连接控制器件VD’(n-1)1的阳极连接到前一级升压单元的输入端，阴极连接到下一级升压单元的输入端；第二连接控制器件VD’(n-1)2的阳极连接到前一级升压单元的输出端，阴极连接到第一连接控制器件的阴极；以及第三连接控制器件VD’(n-1)3的阳极连接到前一级升压单元的输出端，阴极连接到下一级升压单元的输出端。
当开关S1接通时，升压单元1310至13n0并联连接，并且当开关S1关断时，升压单元1310至13n0串联连接。此外，开关S1接通时，各个升压单元中的电感器与电容器并联于电路中；当开关S1关断时，各个升压单元中的电感器和电容器串联于电路中。根据电路中电感的伏秒平衡作用原理可得，该电路的电压增益为Uo/Ui＝n(1+D)/(1-D)，其中，D是控制开关S的信号的占空比。
利用根据本公开实施例的DC-DC变换器1300，电压增益可以随升压单元的数目增加而增大，而不再严格地受到电路拓扑结构的限制。也就是说，根据本公开实施例的DC-DC变换器的电压增益与升压单元的数目n成正比例。
图14是示出电压增益随占空比D和级联的升压单元的数目n而变化的曲线。
根据本实施例，DC-DC变换器包括的升压单元的数目为两个或更多个，从而可以进一步提高电压增益。因此，本领域技术人员可以根据需要而灵活选择升压单元的数目n，以实现所期望的电压增益，这增加了电路设计的灵活度。
根据本公开实施例的DC-DC变换器中所包括的各元件的具体值例如可以如表1所示。
表1
电感值L 1mH
电容值C1～Cn 100uF
电容值C0 4.47uF
二极管耐压值 Ui+Uo
根据本公开再一个实施例，提供一种电池备份系统，包括如上所述的任一个DC-DC变换器。
根据本公开再一个实施例，提供一种电动汽车，包括如上所述的任一个DC-DC变换器。
应当注意的是，为了清楚和简明，在附图中仅示出了与本发明实施例相关的部分，但是本领域技术人员应当明白，附图中所示出的设备或器件可以包括其他必要的单元。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。
本申请要求于2016年8月4日递交的中国专利申请第201610634582.8号的优先权，在此全文引用上述中国专利申请公开的内容以作为本申请的一部分。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种升压单元，包括：
    第一电感器，第一端是该升压单元的输入端；
    升压电容器，第一端连接到第一电感器的第二端；
    第一单向导通器件，第一端连接到第一电感器的第二端，第二端连接到该升压单元的输出端；
    第二单向导通器件，第一端连接到第一电感器的第一端，第二端连接到升压电容器的第二端；
    第三单向导通器件，第一端连接到升压电容器的第二端，第二端连接到第二电感器的第一端；
    第四单向导通器件，第一端连接到第一电感器的第一端，第二端连接到第二电感器的第一端；以及
    第二电感器，第二端是该升压单元的输出端。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的升压单元，其中，在充电阶段中，所述第一单向导通器件、第二单向导通器件和第四单向导通器件导通，而所述第三单向导通器件截止，并且在放电阶段中，所述第一单向导通器件、第二单向导通器件和第四单向导通器件截止，而所述第三单向导通器件导通。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的升压单元，其中，第一单向导通器件、第二单向导通器件、第三单向导通器件和第四单向导通器件是二极管，并且每个单向导通器件的第一端是相应二极管的阳极，且每个单向导通器件的第二端是该二极管的阴极。
  4. 一种直流DC-DC变换器，包括：
    开关，连接到输入电压；
    主二极管，连接到开关；
    稳压电容器，第一端与主二极管串联连接且第二端连接到输入电压，并且稳压电容器的第一端和第二端是该DC-DC变换器的输出端；和
    如权利要求1至3中的任一个所述的升压单元。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的DC-DC变换器，其中，该DC-DC变换器包括的升压单元的数目为两个或更多个，所述两个或更多个升压单元级联，并 且DC-DC变换器还包括：
    连接控制单元，连接在每两级升压单元之间，被配置为在充电期间将本级升压单元与前一级升压单元并联，且在放电期间将本级升压单元与前一级升压单元串联。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的DC-DC变换器，其中，所述连接控制单元包括：
    第一连接控制器件，第一端连接到前一级升压单元的输入端，第二端连接到下一级升压单元的输入端；
    第二连接控制器件，第一端连接到前一级升压单元的输出端，第二端连接到第一连接控制器件的第二端；以及
    第三连接控制器件，第一端连接到前一级升压单元的输出端，第二端连接到下一级升压单元的输出端。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的DC-DC变换器，其中，在充电期间，第一连接控制器件和第三连接控制器件导通，而第二连接控制器件截止，并且在放电期间，第一连接控制器件和第三连接控制器件截止，而第二连接控制器件导通。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的DC-DC变换器，其中，第一连接控制器件、第二连接控制器件和第三连接控制器件是二极管，并且每个连接控制器件的第一端是相应二极管的阳极，且每个连接控制器件的第二端是该二极管的阴极。
  9. 一种包括如权利要求4-8中的任一个所述的DC-DC变换器的电池备份系统。
  10. 一种包括如权利要求4-8中的任一个所述的DC-DC变换器的电动汽车。
PCT/CN2017/090619 2016-08-04 2017-06-28 直流-直流变换器、升压单元、电动汽车和电池备份系统 Ceased WO2018024052A1 (zh)

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