WO2018024270A1 - Procédé d'impression en 3d pour des pièces haute densité à partir de céramiques réfractaires - Google Patents

Procédé d'impression en 3d pour des pièces haute densité à partir de céramiques réfractaires Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018024270A1
WO2018024270A1 PCT/DE2017/000231 DE2017000231W WO2018024270A1 WO 2018024270 A1 WO2018024270 A1 WO 2018024270A1 DE 2017000231 W DE2017000231 W DE 2017000231W WO 2018024270 A1 WO2018024270 A1 WO 2018024270A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ceramics
laser
polymeric precursors
pyrolyzed
crystallized
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2017/000231
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Armin HUKE
Götz Ruprecht
Stefan Gottlieb
Daniel Weißbach
Konrad CZERSKI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE112017003842.1T priority Critical patent/DE112017003842A5/de
Publication of WO2018024270A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018024270A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/48—Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins
    • C04B2235/483—Si-containing organic compounds, e.g. silicone resins, (poly)silanes, (poly)siloxanes or (poly)silazanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
    • C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
    • C04B2235/6026—Computer aided shaping, e.g. rapid prototyping
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
    • C04B2235/665—Local sintering, e.g. laser sintering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
    • C04B2235/667—Sintering using wave energy, e.g. microwave sintering

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the additive production of high-quality workpieces made of refractory ceramics.
  • Additive manufacturing processes in the form of 3D printers are becoming increasingly important. Part of their expansion is to cover the entire range of materials. Resistant materials, which otherwise can only be processed by sintering into workpieces, pose a particular problem for additive manufacturing. Whilst refractory metals can still be partially (partially) melted and baked with laser or electron beams, this method is used for ceramics only limited use. In particular, highly resistant single-component ceramics such as silicon carbide and silicon nitride, which have no liquid phase at normal pressure, but sublimate, are only workable to workpieces of inferior quality. In the conventional sintering process, these materials can be processed by means of high pressure centered on the workpiece to high quality.
  • the present invention solves this problem by depositing polymeric precursors of the ceramics successively from the feeder (3D free-moving printhead), then pyrolyzing and crystallizing by spectral radiations.
  • the feed device preferably deposits polymeric precursors of ceramics having a width of 5-15 ⁇ m.
  • the pyrolysis of the deposited polymeric precursors is preferably carried out by a collimated laser beam of a laser unit. C0 2 power lasers or diode lasers are used as lasers.
  • the pyrolyzed, amorphous ceramic materials can also be crystallized by heat according to the invention. Crystallization by microwave radiation of a microwave emitter is also possible. This microwave emitter can also be integrated in the 3D printhead.
  • polycarbosilanes are used in such a way that they can be spun into threads by means of nozzles, from which finally polycrystalline SiC ceramic fibers are produced, which have great industrial significance as structural elements for heavy-duty workpieces.
  • the polymer filament is first heated in an oven, with the exclusion of oxygen, in order to pyrolise the polymers, whereby the hydrogen evaporates and dense amorphous SiC is formed. Upon suitable further heating, it crystallizes out.
  • the result is a dense ceramic fiber with excellent properties. This is an example of how a dense material can be created without centered pressure. This is made possible by the use of polymers as starting material instead of powder, which must be sintered.
  • the polymer should have suitable properties for processing.
  • the resinous monomers are generally not suitable because they tend to evaporate under the effect of heat during pyrolysis. The entire process must therefore also be carried out under a protective gas atmosphere.
  • a corresponding polymer compound which is thermoplastic or which can be melted can essentially be used by a feed device, for example a print head for the production of plastic parts.
  • a drop of the polymer is first deposited of the size that corresponds to the accuracy requirements of the workpiece and the possibility of positioning the feeder, that is, on the order of 10 pm.
  • the droplet is pyrolyzed with a collimated laser beam.
  • the usual C0 2 -power lasers are suitable, but also diode lasers at higher frequencies up to UV.
  • the resulting amorphous ceramic material already binds tightly with the underlying atoms. It is now brought to crystallization by controlled further heating. This crystallization heating should be done a little wider behind the trace of the printhead so that the new material bonds well with the environment and its even further heated predecessor. Since it is solid, there is no need to limit to IR radiation. Other frequency bands can also be used.
  • microwave radiation can be used here, which is tuned to the absorption band of the material, and thus allows a more selective vibration excitation. Due to the broader surface application, the lower focusing power (wave-optical resolution) of the microwaves is no hindrance.
  • the discontinuous process shown here ie, dropwise processing, could also be carried out continuously according to the specifications of the workpiece shape. In this case, a solution of the inverse kinematics would be calculated and traversed according to the workpiece geometry, which allows a continuous application within the parameter intervals for speed and acceleration. In this way, disadvantages of drop deposition, such as deformation by beads and noses, avoided, so that the surfaces are much more level.
  • this process enables the processing of the resistant ceramics SiC and SiN in additive manufacturing to high-quality workpieces for the first time.
  • the excess powder volume required for laser sintering and the vertically increasing production are no longer necessary.
  • the printhead method described herein may also be applied to a robotic arm with extended motion capabilities so that material attachment is not only possible antiparallel to the gravitational vector.
  • the feeder ( Figure 1) consists of an extruder (10), a laser powered pyrolysis device (72) and a microwave driven crystallizer (62).
  • the feeder is placed over the location of the material application at the correct distance, in the correct position and orientation. It is particularly important that the positioning is carried out with an extremely high positioning and repeat accuracy and without vibration phenomena.
  • a previously calculated amount of the polymeric precursors of the ceramic precursor (preparation) is placed on the corresponding contact surface ( Figure 2).
  • the pyrolysis process begins by the action of the laser ( Figure 3).
  • the laser irradiation is maintained until the complete pyrolysis process is complete ( Figure 4).
  • the dosage of irradiation depends on the applied amount of the preparation.
  • Figure 1 The printing unit on the guide rail of the 3D printer.
  • Figure 2 The drop (specimen) consisting of the precursor material is placed.
  • Figure 3 The droplet (specimen) is pyrolyzed with a bundled laser beam.
  • Figure 5 The adjacent field is crystallized with microwaves.
  • Figure 6 How to place preparation for preparation, pyrolysed and

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication additive de pièces de haute qualité à partir de céramiques réfractaires. L'invention vise à trouver un procédé permettant de transformer par addition avec une tête d'impression en 3D lesdites céramiques monosubstances résistantes pour donner des pièces denses. Le procédé d'impression en 3D par addition pour la fabrication de pièces haute densité à partir de céramiques monosubstances en utilisant une tête d'impression en 3D à mouvement libre est caractérisé en ce que des précurseurs polymères de céramiques sont déposés dans un système d'alimentation et ensuite pyrolysés et cristallisés par des rayonnements spectraux.
PCT/DE2017/000231 2016-08-01 2017-08-01 Procédé d'impression en 3d pour des pièces haute densité à partir de céramiques réfractaires Ceased WO2018024270A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112017003842.1T DE112017003842A5 (de) 2016-08-01 2017-08-01 3D-Druckverfahren für hochdichte Werkstücke aus Refraktärkeramiken

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016009620 2016-08-01
DE102016009620.9 2016-08-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018024270A1 true WO2018024270A1 (fr) 2018-02-08

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ID=59886977

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2017/000231 Ceased WO2018024270A1 (fr) 2016-08-01 2017-08-01 Procédé d'impression en 3d pour des pièces haute densité à partir de céramiques réfractaires

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (2) DE112017003842A5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018024270A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3999316B1 (fr) 2019-07-19 2023-08-30 Vito NV Procédé et système de fabrication d'une structure poreuse tridimensionnelle
EP3766666A1 (fr) 2019-07-19 2021-01-20 Vito NV Procédé et système de fabrication de structures poreuses tridimensionnelles
WO2021013750A1 (fr) * 2019-07-19 2021-01-28 Vito Nv Procédé et système de fabrication de structure poreuse tridimensionnelle
US11787117B2 (en) 2020-04-23 2023-10-17 Rtx Corporation Fabricating ceramic structures
AT525599B1 (de) 2021-11-11 2023-08-15 Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils aus einem Metallpulver und/oder Keramikpulver

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8067078B1 (en) * 2006-11-13 2011-11-29 Northwestern University Nacre composites, methods of synthesis, and methods of use
EP2998282A1 (fr) * 2014-09-18 2016-03-23 Toto Ltd. Procédé de production d'élément en carbure de silicium lié par réaction
EP3009416A1 (fr) * 2014-10-17 2016-04-20 United Technologies Corporation Inorganiques fonctionnels et fabrication d'additif céramique
US20160200011A1 (en) * 2015-01-13 2016-07-14 Empire Technology Development Llc Spatial heat treatment of additively manufactured objects

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8067078B1 (en) * 2006-11-13 2011-11-29 Northwestern University Nacre composites, methods of synthesis, and methods of use
EP2998282A1 (fr) * 2014-09-18 2016-03-23 Toto Ltd. Procédé de production d'élément en carbure de silicium lié par réaction
EP3009416A1 (fr) * 2014-10-17 2016-04-20 United Technologies Corporation Inorganiques fonctionnels et fabrication d'additif céramique
US20160200011A1 (en) * 2015-01-13 2016-07-14 Empire Technology Development Llc Spatial heat treatment of additively manufactured objects

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE112017003842A5 (de) 2019-04-18
DE102017007178A1 (de) 2018-02-01

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