WO2018108545A1 - Dispositif de mélange et pile à combustible comprenant un tel dispositif de mélange - Google Patents

Dispositif de mélange et pile à combustible comprenant un tel dispositif de mélange Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018108545A1
WO2018108545A1 PCT/EP2017/080952 EP2017080952W WO2018108545A1 WO 2018108545 A1 WO2018108545 A1 WO 2018108545A1 EP 2017080952 W EP2017080952 W EP 2017080952W WO 2018108545 A1 WO2018108545 A1 WO 2018108545A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
exhaust pipe
mixing device
mixing
purge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2017/080952
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stefan Loesch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of WO2018108545A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018108545A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H01M8/04179—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by purging or increasing flow or pressure of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mixing device for a fuel cell system according to the preamble of claim 1 for merging a purge gas at least one anode compartment with an exhaust gas at least one cathode compartment of a fuel cell, and a fuel cell system.
  • the electrical energy required for this purpose is usually obtained from an electrochemical storage.
  • the electrical energy may be generated by a fuel cell system according to the prior art.
  • Fuel cell system mainly consists of a variety of
  • Fuel cells a hydrogen supply, an air supply and a control unit.
  • hydrogen is supplied to an anode side or an anode space, and air to a cathode side or to a cathode space. Both parts of the fuel cell are separated by a membrane which is permeable to protons.
  • a membrane which is permeable to protons.
  • undesirable processes also occur. For example, water also diffuses into the anode compartment and thereby reduces the efficiency of the fuel cell.
  • rinsing operations of the anode compartment and the cathode compartment are necessary to ensure the performance of the fuel cell.
  • corresponding valves can be opened and the respective spaces of the fuel cell can be flushed with hydrogen or oxygen.
  • DE 1 1 2006 003 069 T5 a fuel cell system with a fuel cell for generating electrical energy is known. After each operation of the fuel cell, rinsing with hydrogen and oxygen occurs to reduce the moisture content within the fuel cell. The purge gas is treated prior to feeding into the exhaust pipe and then introduced via a T-piece in an exhaust stream. Nevertheless, a small amount of hydrogen can be added to each flushing process
  • the object of the invention is to propose a mixing device for a fuel cell system, which eliminates the disadvantages mentioned and prevents the formation of an ignitable hydrogen-air mixture in an exhaust pipe of a fuel cell system. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a fuel cell system with such a mixing device.
  • a mixing device for a fuel cell system for merging a purge gas of an anode compartment with an exhaust gas of a cathode compartment of at least one fuel cell has an exhaust pipe for discharging an exhaust gas from the cathode compartment of the at least one fuel cell and a purge line closable by a valve, which includes the anode compartment of the at least one fuel cell the exhaust pipe fluidly connects.
  • a mixing element for distributing the purge gas within the exhaust gas line can be coupled to the purge line.
  • the purge gas is preferably hydrogen.
  • the purge gas is passed in a controlled manner into the exhaust gas line, so that the purge gas and the exhaust gas can slowly mix with one another. In particular, this results in an effective dilution of the hydrogen contained in the purge gas, so that the hydrogen concentration in the exhaust pipe is always below the
  • the exhaust pipe can be designed here as a pipe and be connected directly to the cathode space of at least one fuel cell. In particular, it carries the water or the water vapor as the reaction product of the fuel cell.
  • the exhaust pipe basically carries air and thus
  • the cathode compartment can also be subjected to a rinsing process, for example by one
  • the exhaust gas of the cathode compartment may also be a purge gas of the cathode compartment, which consists largely of purge air or oxygen.
  • the exhaust pipe is multi-part and includes an orifice area, which the protruding purge line and a arranged on the purge line
  • Exhaust pipe can be positively inserted into one another, welded, glued or connected to each other via screw or flange connections.
  • the components may for example consist of a metal, a plastic, a technical ceramic or the like.
  • the purge line may be integral with the exhaust pipe and project through a wall of the exhaust pipe and open into the exhaust pipe. It is advantageous if the flushing line is connected by gluing, welding or soldering to the exhaust pipe.
  • the purge line can also be passed through an opening in the exhaust pipe and connected there non-positively or positively with the exhaust pipe.
  • the purge line be elastic and have a slight oversize relative to the opening in the wall of the exhaust pipe, so that the purge line can be force-fit and gas-tight pressed into the opening.
  • the purge line may be preferably angled so that it is aligned parallel to the course of the exhaust pipe.
  • Mixing device has the mixing element at least two openings for distributing the purge gas.
  • the merging or the distribution or mixing of the purge gas with the exhaust gas is throttled or slowed down by the at least two openings and there is a distribution of the volume flows to the openings attached to different areas of the mixing element.
  • the mixing element can
  • the mixing element has a portion or a region with openings, which can be designed as bores, perforations, slots and the like, as well as a section for fastening the mixing element to the flushing line.
  • the mixing element has a portion or a region with openings, which can be designed as bores, perforations, slots and the like, as well as a section for fastening the mixing element to the flushing line.
  • Mixing element have a portion which is porous.
  • the walls of the mixing element may consist of a coarsely sintered material or an open-pored foam.
  • the openings can also be made microporous or macroporous.
  • the mixing element may comprise holding elements which slippage within the
  • the mixing element has an elongated extent along the
  • the mixing element is tubular and closed at the ends.
  • the perforations or holes can be radially out
  • the mixing element protrude into the exhaust pipe and be directed so that the purge gas when leaving or when crossing a mixing element wall, a direction or a twist is experienced.
  • the purge gas is passed in the form of a plurality of turbulent flows in the exhaust pipe. This can increase the mixing efficiency.
  • the at least two openings for distributing the flushing gas are arranged along a wall of the mixing element.
  • the mixing element can be produced particularly easily.
  • Perforation can be carried out uniformly or non-uniformly along an example, tubular wall of the mixing element.
  • Mixing device is a distribution element connected to the purge line in such a way that the distribution element connects the purge line with the exhaust pipe with at least two spaced Verteilarmen.
  • the distribution element can be connected to the purge line within the exhaust pipe.
  • Volume flows are shared. This can be especially the mixing of the
  • Purify purge gas with the exhaust gas of the cathode compartment Purify purge gas with the exhaust gas of the cathode compartment.
  • the at least two distribution arms of the distribution element within the exhaust pipe can each be connected to a mixing element.
  • Mixing device is in the mouth region of the purge line in the
  • Exhaust pipe arranged a sensor for measuring a hydrogen concentration.
  • a corresponding sensor may be, for example, a hydrogen microsensor, which can be monitored and read by a measuring electronics. As a result, for example, a warning signal for the operator of
  • Fuel cell system to be generated.
  • the valve can be regulated as a function of the measured hydrogen concentration. If the concentration of hydrogen reaches or exceeds a defined limit, the valve can automatically be triggered based on an output of the measuring electronics and the flushing line can be closed so that the flushing process is interrupted. As a result, any inflow of the purge gas is prevented in the exhaust pipe.
  • the volume flow of the purge gas to the exhaust gas can be controlled by the valve.
  • the volume flow of the purge gas can be controlled by a controllable valve.
  • the volume flow through the purge line can be additionally reduced if necessary.
  • the mixing element is at least partially elastic.
  • the mixing element consists of a plastic, elastomer,
  • the mixing element is positively or cohesively with the
  • the mixing element can be glued, soldered or welded to the flushing line.
  • the elastic mixing element are placed on the end of the flushing line.
  • a clamp can be attached, which presses the mixing element radially against a wall of the purge line.
  • the mixing element may also be an integral end-side component of the flushing line.
  • a fuel cell system according to the invention has at least one
  • a fuel cell having an anode space which is separated by a membrane from a cathode space, a fuel supply of the at least one fuel cell, an oxygen supply of the at least one fuel cell and a mixing device, which controls merging a purge gas of an anode compartment with an exhaust gas of a cathode compartment.
  • a purge gas of an anode chamber is spatially distributed in an oxygen-containing exhaust stream of a cathode chamber is initiated.
  • This goal can be achieved both by a slow introduction of the hydrogen-containing gas with a low volume flow into an exhaust pipe and by introducing the hydrogen-containing gas through distributed openings.
  • By introducing the purge gas through the area distributed openings local hydrogen concentrations can be prevented because the hydrogen-containing gas is not supplied from a single opening of the purge line in the exhaust pipe.
  • Explosion protection is laid, such as when used underground.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a further simplified section of the fuel cell system according to the invention from FIG. 1 with a fuel cell.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the invention
  • the fuel cell system 1 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell system 1 according to the invention.
  • the fuel cell system 1 according to the exemplary embodiment has a large number of fuel cells 2, which are designed in the form of a so-called fuel cell stack 2.
  • the fuel cell stack 2 generates in a chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen electrical energy and water as a reaction product.
  • components for the generation and the conduction of the electrical energy such as anodes, cathodes or electrical conductors are not shown.
  • the fuel cells 2 are connected via fuel lines 4 with a fuel supply 6.
  • the fuel supply 6 leads gaseous hydrogen to each individual fuel cell 8 in the fuel cell stack 2.
  • the fuel supply 6 here is a cryogenic hydrogen tank with a not shown
  • Heating device the cryogenic hydrogen into a gaseous
  • Oxygen supply 12 connected, which supplies the fuel cell 2 with gaseous oxygen.
  • the oxygen supply 12 is according to the
  • Embodiment of a cryogenic oxygen tank The cryogenic oxygen is converted into a gaseous state via a heater, not shown
  • the oxygen supply 12 also in the form of an air compressor or
  • Compressor designed to filter the air and pressurized the
  • Fuel cell 2 supplies.
  • the reaction product water is passed, depending on the nature of the fuel cell 2 in liquid or gaseous form through an exhaust pipe 14 from the fuel cell system 1.
  • a purge line 18 which can be regulated via a valve 16 connects the fuel cells 2 to the exhaust gas line 14.
  • the exhaust gas line 14, the valve 16 and the purge line 18 are parts of a mixing device 20 according to the invention, which is described in more detail in the further figures is described.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further simplified section of the fuel cell system 1 from FIG. For the sake of clarity, only one fuel cell 8 of the fuel cell stack 2 from FIG. 1 with an exhaust gas line 14 and a purge line 18 is shown.
  • the individual fuel cell 8 consists of an anode chamber 22 and a cathode chamber 24 which are separated from each other by a partially permeable membrane 26.
  • the membrane 26 is for protons such as
  • the cathode chamber 24 has a cathode, not shown, which is supplied via an oxygen line 10 with gaseous oxygen.
  • Cathode space 24 may alternatively be supplied to ambient air.
  • the anode chamber 22 has an anode, not shown, which is supplied via a fuel line 4 and hydrogen line 4 with gaseous hydrogen.
  • the exhaust pipe 14 is here tubular and directly fluidly connected to each cathode compartment 24.
  • the exhaust pipe 14 is open towards an environment.
  • the purge line 18 connects the anode chamber 22 with the exhaust pipe 14 of the cathode chamber 24.
  • the valve 16 is connected to the purge line 18 and can be operated manually or electrically, whereby the purge line 18 can be closed or opened. In a rinsing process, the valve 16 is opened and the anode chamber 22 is acted upon by hydrogen via the line 4, so that hydrogen together with undesirable substances or gases are passed through the purge line 18 into the exhaust pipe.
  • the purge line 18 in this case opens into the exhaust pipe 14 and there passes into a mixing element 28, through which the purge gas can mix slowly and in a controlled manner with the exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe 14.
  • Figure 3 apparently a schematic representation of the mixing device 20 according to the invention according to a first embodiment.
  • Mixing device 20 has an exhaust pipe 14, which may also be a portion of the exhaust pipe 14.
  • the section can thus also be used in the exhaust pipe 14.
  • the purge line 18 is executed rohrformig according to the embodiment and is cohesively connected to the wall 15 of the exhaust pipe 14.
  • the purge line 18 is bent within the exhaust pipe 14 at an angle of 90 ° and points away from the fuel cell 8 in the direction of
  • Exhaust pipe port 30 which is connected to the ambient air. ends the purge line 18 is open.
  • the mixing element 28 is non-positively connected to the purge line 18. According to the embodiment, this is
  • Mixing element 28 designed as a resilient end cap, which can be pulled on the end of the purge line 18.
  • the mixing element 28 has a cylindrical shape which is open on one side. The opposite end of the
  • Mixing element 28 is provided with a plurality of openings 32. In a flushing thus purge gas passes through the purge line 18 in the
  • the openings 32 distribute the purge gas in the exhaust gas line 14 when flowing through, and on the other hand reduce an outlet cross section of the purge gas, so that mixing or distribution of the purge gas with the exhaust stream does not occur abruptly, but is delayed.
  • the mixing element 28 which is designed to be elastic in this case, can buckle convexly in the direction of the exhaust gas line orifice 30 by means of a pressure of the purge gas and thus mechanically dissolve ice formation. Due to the loosened ice layer, the purge gas can enter the exhaust pipe 14 again.
  • FIG. 4 discloses a schematic representation of the mixing device 20 according to the invention in accordance with a second exemplary embodiment.
  • the purge line 18 extends into the exhaust pipe 14 and has a curvature. Following the curve towards the
  • Exhaust line opening 30, a mixing element 28 is arranged at the end of the purge line 18.
  • the mixing element 28 is cylindrical and made of a stainless steel.
  • the mixing element 28 extends in the direction of the exhaust pipe mouth 30 and is configured at the end as integral with the flushing pipe, also made of stainless steel.
  • a lateral surface of the exhaust pipe mouth 30 is configured at the end as integral with the flushing pipe, also made of stainless steel.
  • Mixing element 28 is made of an open-pore stainless steel foam 32, so that the purge gas can be fed into the exhaust pipe 14 through a plurality of pores 32 which serve as openings 32.
  • the mixing device 20 has a hydrogen sensor 34, which can measure a hydrogen concentration in the region of the mixing element 28.
  • a measuring electronics 36 can read out and evaluate the hydrogen sensor. Depending on defined limits, the measuring electronics 36 can close or open the electric valve 16 automatically.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de mélange destiné à un système de pile à combustible, ce dispositif servant à combiner un gaz de purge d'une chambre anodique et un gaz résiduaire d'une chambre cathodique d'au moins une pile à combustible. Le dispositif de mélange comprend une conduite de gaz résiduaire pour évacuer un gaz résiduaire de la chambre cathodique de la pile à combustible, ainsi qu'une conduite de purge pouvant être fermée au moyen d'une soupape, cette conduite de purge établissant une communication fluidique entre la chambre anodique de la pile à combustible et la conduite de gaz résiduaire. Un élément de mélange servant à distribuer le gaz de purge à l'intérieur de la conduite de gaz résiduaire peut être accouplé à la conduite de purge. L'invention concerne en outre un système de pile à combustible pourvu d'un tel dispositif de mélange.
PCT/EP2017/080952 2016-12-12 2017-11-30 Dispositif de mélange et pile à combustible comprenant un tel dispositif de mélange Ceased WO2018108545A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016224652.6A DE102016224652A1 (de) 2016-12-12 2016-12-12 Mischvorrichtung und eine Brennstoffzelle mit einer derartigen Mischvorrichtung
DE102016224652.6 2016-12-12

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WO2018108545A1 true WO2018108545A1 (fr) 2018-06-21

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WO (1) WO2018108545A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116195103A (zh) * 2020-09-25 2023-05-30 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于确定燃料电池系统的废气管路中的废气的氢气浓度的装置和燃料电池系统

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018133201A1 (de) * 2018-12-20 2020-06-25 Hps Home Power Solutions Gmbh Spülsystem und dessen Verwendung in einem Energiesystem
DE102020204317A1 (de) * 2020-04-02 2021-10-07 Psa Automobiles Sa Abgasmischeinheit für ein Brennstoffzellensystem sowie Brennstoffzellensystem mit einer derartigen Abgasmischeinheit
AT525431B1 (de) * 2021-11-25 2023-04-15 Avl List Gmbh Mischvorrichtung für ein Vermischen von zumindest Anodenabgas und Kathodenabgas aus einem Brennstoffzellenstapel eines Brennstoffzellensystems
DE102023204273A1 (de) 2023-05-09 2024-11-14 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Vorrichtung zum Mischen eines Abgases und eines Purgegases in einer Abgasleitung eines Brennstoffzellensystems und Brennstoffzellensystem
DE102023120104A1 (de) * 2023-07-28 2025-01-30 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Spülanordnung für ein Anodensubsystem, Brennstoffzellensystem und Fahrzeug
DE102024209178A1 (de) * 2024-09-24 2026-03-26 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Brennstoffzellensystem und Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Brennstoffzellensystem

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE112006003069T5 (de) 2005-12-07 2009-01-29 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha, Toyota-shi Brennstoffzellensystem und bewegliches Objekt
DE102011119665A1 (de) * 2011-11-29 2013-05-29 Daimler Ag Verfahren zum Vorbereiten des Wiederstarts
DE102012010175A1 (de) * 2012-05-23 2013-11-28 Daimler Ag Brennstoffzellensystem
WO2015039850A1 (fr) * 2013-09-20 2015-03-26 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Système d'échappement et véhicule automobile équipé d'un système d'échappement

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE112006003069T5 (de) 2005-12-07 2009-01-29 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha, Toyota-shi Brennstoffzellensystem und bewegliches Objekt
DE102011119665A1 (de) * 2011-11-29 2013-05-29 Daimler Ag Verfahren zum Vorbereiten des Wiederstarts
DE102012010175A1 (de) * 2012-05-23 2013-11-28 Daimler Ag Brennstoffzellensystem
WO2015039850A1 (fr) * 2013-09-20 2015-03-26 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Système d'échappement et véhicule automobile équipé d'un système d'échappement

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116195103A (zh) * 2020-09-25 2023-05-30 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于确定燃料电池系统的废气管路中的废气的氢气浓度的装置和燃料电池系统

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