WO2018128103A1 - 半導体リレー - Google Patents
半導体リレー Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018128103A1 WO2018128103A1 PCT/JP2017/046290 JP2017046290W WO2018128103A1 WO 2018128103 A1 WO2018128103 A1 WO 2018128103A1 JP 2017046290 W JP2017046290 W JP 2017046290W WO 2018128103 A1 WO2018128103 A1 WO 2018128103A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F55/00—Radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices covered by groups H10F10/00, H10F19/00 or H10F30/00 being structurally associated with electric light sources and electrically or optically coupled thereto
- H10F55/20—Radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices covered by groups H10F10/00, H10F19/00 or H10F30/00 being structurally associated with electric light sources and electrically or optically coupled thereto wherein the electric light source controls the radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices, e.g. optocouplers
- H10F55/25—Radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices covered by groups H10F10/00, H10F19/00 or H10F30/00 being structurally associated with electric light sources and electrically or optically coupled thereto wherein the electric light source controls the radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices, e.g. optocouplers wherein the radiation-sensitive devices and the electric light source are all semiconductor devices
- H10F55/255—Radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices covered by groups H10F10/00, H10F19/00 or H10F30/00 being structurally associated with electric light sources and electrically or optically coupled thereto wherein the electric light source controls the radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices, e.g. optocouplers wherein the radiation-sensitive devices and the electric light source are all semiconductor devices formed in, or on, a common substrate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
- H03K17/081—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
- H03K17/0814—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the output circuit
- H03K17/08142—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the output circuit in field-effect transistor switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/78—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled
- H03K17/785—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled controlling field-effect transistor switches
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- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/80—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials
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- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F30/00—Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors
- H10F30/10—Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices being sensitive to infrared radiation, visible or ultraviolet radiation, and having no potential barriers, e.g. photoresistors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F55/00—Radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices covered by groups H10F10/00, H10F19/00 or H10F30/00 being structurally associated with electric light sources and electrically or optically coupled thereto
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F55/00—Radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices covered by groups H10F10/00, H10F19/00 or H10F30/00 being structurally associated with electric light sources and electrically or optically coupled thereto
- H10F55/20—Radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices covered by groups H10F10/00, H10F19/00 or H10F30/00 being structurally associated with electric light sources and electrically or optically coupled thereto wherein the electric light source controls the radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices, e.g. optocouplers
- H10F55/205—Radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices covered by groups H10F10/00, H10F19/00 or H10F30/00 being structurally associated with electric light sources and electrically or optically coupled thereto wherein the electric light source controls the radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices, e.g. optocouplers wherein the radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices have no potential barriers, e.g. photoresistors
- H10F55/207—Radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices covered by groups H10F10/00, H10F19/00 or H10F30/00 being structurally associated with electric light sources and electrically or optically coupled thereto wherein the electric light source controls the radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices, e.g. optocouplers wherein the radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices have no potential barriers, e.g. photoresistors wherein the electric light source comprises semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light emitting diodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F71/127—The active layers comprising only Group III-V materials, e.g. GaAs or InP
- H10F71/1278—The active layers comprising only Group III-V materials, e.g. GaAs or InP comprising nitrides, e.g. GaN
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- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/83—Electrodes
- H10H20/831—Electrodes characterised by their shape
- H10H20/8312—Electrodes characterised by their shape extending at least partially through the bodies
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/60—OLEDs integrated with inorganic light-sensitive elements, e.g. with inorganic solar cells or inorganic photodiodes
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- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/34—Deposited materials, e.g. layers
- H10P14/3438—Doping during depositing
- H10P14/3441—Conductivity type
- H10P14/3444—P-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W90/00—Package configurations
- H10W90/701—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts
- H10W90/751—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of bond wires
- H10W90/752—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of bond wires between stacked chips
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W90/00—Package configurations
- H10W90/701—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts
- H10W90/751—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of bond wires
- H10W90/756—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of bond wires between a chip and a stacked lead frame, conducting package substrate or heat sink
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a semiconductor relay in which an input terminal and an output terminal are insulated by optical coupling.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a semiconductor relay having a structure that can be manufactured by a simple process.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a circuit configuration of a semiconductor relay.
- the semiconductor relay is composed of a number of components such as a light emitting diode, a photodiode array, a control circuit, and a MOSFET. Therefore, for example, when a semiconductor relay is packaged, there is a problem that the size of the packaged element increases and the cost increases.
- This disclosure provides a semiconductor relay that can be easily miniaturized.
- a semiconductor relay includes a light emitting element and a light receiving element disposed to face the light emitting element, and the light receiving element is formed on a substrate and on the substrate, and is semi-insulating.
- a first transition electrode electrically connected to the semiconductor layer, at least part of which is formed in contact with the semiconductor layer, and the semiconductor layer
- a second electrode electrically connected to the first electrode, the second electrode formed at least partially in contact with either the semiconductor layer or the substrate at a position away from the first electrode.
- the semiconductor layer has a low resistance by absorbing light from the light emitting element.
- the semiconductor relay of the present disclosure can be easily downsized.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a general semiconductor relay.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of a general semiconductor relay.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the semiconductor relay according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the semiconductor relay according to the first modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a semiconductor relay according to the second modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the semiconductor relay according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a semiconductor relay according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a general semiconductor relay.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of a general semiconductor relay.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the semiconductor relay according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a semiconductor relay according to the second modification of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the semiconductor relay according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a semiconductor relay according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 11A is a first schematic cross-sectional view for illustrating the method for manufacturing the semiconductor relay according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 11B is a second schematic cross-sectional view for illustrating the method for manufacturing the semiconductor relay according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the semiconductor relay according to the first modification of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a semiconductor relay according to the second modification of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a semiconductor relay according to Modification 3 of Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the semiconductor relay according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a semiconductor relay according to a modification of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the semiconductor relay according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the semiconductor relay according to the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the semiconductor relay according to the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a semiconductor relay according to the ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a top view of the light receiving element provided in the semiconductor relay according to the ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the semiconductor relay according to the tenth embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is a top view of the light receiving element provided in the semiconductor relay according to the tenth embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating a first variation of the shape and arrangement of a plurality of p-type semiconductor portions.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a second variation of the shape and arrangement of the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a third variation of the shape and arrangement of the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing a fourth variation in the shape and arrangement of the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions.
- FIG. 28 is a top view of a light receiving element having a floating guard ring.
- FIG. 29 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light receiving element having another structure for suppressing leakage current.
- FIG. 30 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a semiconductor relay according to a modification of the tenth embodiment.
- FIG. 31 is a top view showing a specific example of the component layout of the semiconductor relay according to the ninth or tenth embodiment.
- FIG. 32 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the semiconductor relay according to the eleventh embodiment.
- FIG. 34A is a first diagram illustrating another variation of the shape and arrangement of the p-type semiconductor formed on the semiconductor layer of the light receiving element according to Embodiment 11.
- FIG. 34B is a second diagram showing another variation of the shape and arrangement of the p-type semiconductor formed on the semiconductor layer of the light receiving element according to Embodiment 11.
- FIG. 34C is a third diagram showing another variation of the shape and arrangement of the p-type semiconductor formed on the semiconductor layer of the light receiving element according to Embodiment 11.
- FIG. 34D is a fourth diagram illustrating another variation of the shape and arrangement of the p-type semiconductor formed on the semiconductor layer of the light receiving element according to Embodiment 11.
- FIG. 34A is a first diagram illustrating another variation of the shape and arrangement of the p-type semiconductor formed on the semiconductor layer of the light receiving element according to Embodiment 11.
- FIG. 34B is a second diagram showing another variation of the shape and arrangement of the p-type semiconductor formed on the semiconductor layer of the light receiving element according to
- FIG. 34E is a fifth diagram illustrating another variation of the shape and arrangement of the p-type semiconductor formed on the semiconductor layer of the light-receiving element according to Embodiment 11.
- FIG. 34F is a sixth diagram illustrating another variation of the shape and arrangement of the p-type semiconductor formed on the semiconductor layer of the light receiving element according to Embodiment 11.
- FIG. 35 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light receiving element configured as a vertical device having another structure for suppressing leakage current.
- FIG. 36 is a top view showing a specific example of the component layout of the semiconductor relay according to the eleventh embodiment.
- FIG. 37 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a first configuration of the semiconductor relay according to the twelfth embodiment.
- FIG. 38 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a second configuration of the semiconductor relay according to the twelfth embodiment.
- the relay is a component that switches between an on state and an off state of the electric circuit in accordance with a signal received from the outside.
- Relays can be broadly classified into mechanical relays that mechanically open and close electrical circuit contacts and semiconductor relays that use semiconductors. Relays are widely used in consumer equipment such as home appliances, industrial equipment, and medical equipment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a general semiconductor relay.
- the semiconductor relay 1101 includes a light emitting element 1103 and a switching element 1105 formed on a substrate 1102, and a photoelectric conversion element 1104 formed on the light emitting element 1103.
- the light emitting element 1103 is specifically an LED (Light Emitting Diode)
- the photoelectric conversion element 1104 is specifically a photodiode
- the switching element 1105 is specifically a MOSFET (Metal-Oxide). -Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor).
- the light emitting element 1103 emits light when power is supplied between the anode electrode 1103a and the cathode electrode 1103b. Light from the light emitting element 1103 is applied to the photoelectric conversion element 1104 arranged on the light emitting element 1103. Upon receiving the light, the photoelectric conversion element 1104 converts the light into a voltage, and outputs the voltage to the gate electrode 1105a of the switching element 1105 through the anode electrode 1104a and the cathode electrode 1104b. For example, bonding wires (not shown) are used for electrical connection between the anode electrode 1104a and the cathode electrode 1104b and the gate electrode 1105a. When the gate voltage of the gate electrode 1105a reaches the set voltage, the source electrode 1105b and the drain electrode 1105c of the switching element 1105 are electrically connected.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of a general semiconductor relay.
- the semiconductor relay 2100 includes a light emitting diode 2101, a photodiode array 2102, a control circuit 2103, a MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Semiconductor) 2141, a MOSFET 2142, and an output terminal 2151. And an output terminal 2152 and a current limiting circuit 2111.
- the light emitting diode 2101 and the photodiode array 2102 are electrically insulated.
- the photodiode array 2102 is connected to the gates of the MOSFET 2141 and the MOSFET 2142 via the control circuit 2103.
- both ends of the light emitting diode 2101 are input terminals.
- the light emitting diode 2101 emits light.
- the photodiode array 2102 receives light emitted from the light emitting diode 2101 and generates current and voltage.
- the MOSFET 2141 and the MOSFET 2142 are charged by the current and voltage (power) generated by the photodiode array 2102, the MOSFET 2141 and the MOSFET 2142 are turned on. Then, the output terminal 2151 and the output terminal 2152 are brought into conduction, and an output current flows.
- the semiconductor relay 2100 can perform switching control while the input and output are insulated by optical coupling.
- the general semiconductor relay as described above includes at least three elements, that is, a light emitting element, a light receiving element, and a switching element.
- the Z-axis direction may be expressed as a vertical direction or a stacking direction
- the Z-axis + side may be expressed as an upper side (upper)
- the Z-axis-side may be expressed as a lower side (lower).
- the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are directions perpendicular to each other on a plane perpendicular to the Z-axis direction.
- the X-axis direction may be expressed as a horizontal direction.
- the plan view shape means a shape viewed from the Z-axis direction.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the semiconductor relay according to the first embodiment.
- the semiconductor relay 10 includes a light emitting element 20 and a light receiving element 30 disposed to face the light emitting element 20.
- the semiconductor relay 10 includes four terminals, that is, an input terminal 41, an input terminal 42, an output terminal 51, and an output terminal 52. That is, the semiconductor relay 10 is a four-terminal element.
- the semiconductor relay 10 operates as a switch.
- the light emitting element 20 is formed of, for example, a nitride semiconductor. More specifically, the light emitting element 20 is, for example, a light emitting diode formed by a pn junction of p-type InAlGaN and n-type InAlGaN. An input terminal 41 is electrically connected to the n-type layer, and an input terminal 42 is electrically connected to the p-type layer.
- p-type InAlGaN for example, p-type InAlGaN doped with an impurity such as Mg and having a carrier concentration of 1E18 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 1E20 cm ⁇ 3 or less is used.
- impurities such as Si or O and having an impurity concentration of 1E16 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 1E18 cm ⁇ 3 or less is used.
- the light emitting element 20 may be formed of a direct transition type semiconductor material other than InAlGaN.
- the light emitting element 20 may be formed of a material such as GaAs or ZnSe.
- the light receiving element 30 includes a substrate 31, a semiconductor layer 32, a first electrode 33, and a second electrode 34.
- the substrate 31 is a plate material on which the semiconductor layer 32 is formed.
- the planar view shape of the substrate 31 is, for example, a rectangle, but may be a circle or the like, and is not particularly limited.
- the substrate 31 is, for example, a GaN substrate formed of GaN.
- the substrate 31 may be formed of a material such as Si, sapphire, SiC, or GaAs.
- the semiconductor layer 32 is a semi-insulating direct transition type semiconductor layer formed on the substrate 31.
- the semiconductor layer 32 is made of, for example, a nitride semiconductor. More specifically, the semiconductor layer 32 is formed of, for example, InAlGaN.
- the thickness of the semiconductor layer 32 is, for example, 2 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less (for example, 5 ⁇ m). The thickness of the semiconductor layer 32 may be, for example, 2 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the semiconductor layer 32 may be formed using another direct transition type semiconductor other than InAlGaN, for example, AlN, AlGaN, or the like. Alternatively, the semiconductor layer 32 may have a configuration in which InAlGaN and the other semiconductor are stacked.
- the semi-insulating property has a characteristic of changing from an insulating state to a conductive state, and the semiconductor layer 32 changes to a conductive state by absorbing light.
- the first electrode 33 is an electrode electrically connected to the semiconductor layer 32. Specifically, at least a part of the first electrode 33 is formed in contact with the semiconductor layer 32. The first electrode 33 is formed so as to cover a part of the upper surface of the semiconductor layer 32. The first electrode 33 is electrically connected to the output terminal 51. Specifically, the first electrode 33 is formed of a Ti / Al-based material, but may be a transparent electrode formed of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide).
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- the second electrode 34 is an electrode electrically connected to the semiconductor layer 32. At least a part of the second electrode 34 is formed in contact with the semiconductor layer 32 at a position away from the first electrode 33. The second electrode 34 is formed so as to cover a part of the upper surface of the semiconductor layer 32.
- the second electrode 34 is formed in the lateral direction (X-axis direction) separated by, for example, about 5 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m (for example, about 10 ⁇ m).
- the second electrode 34 is formed of a Ti / Al material, but may be a transparent electrode formed of ITO.
- the maximum usable voltage (hereinafter referred to as a withstand voltage) of the light receiving element 30 is determined by the distance between the first electrode 33 and the second electrode 34.
- the withstand voltage of the light receiving element 30 increases as the distance between the electrodes increases.
- a region located between the first electrode 33 and the second electrode 34 in a plan view is a light receiving region 35.
- the light receiving region 35 faces the light emitting element 20 and receives light from the light emitting element 20.
- the semiconductor layer 32 is reduced in resistance by absorbing light from the light emitting element 20 through the light receiving region 35. More specifically, the resistance of the semiconductor layer 32 is lower when the light receiving region 35 is irradiated with light from the light emitting element 20 than when the light receiving region 35 is not irradiated with light from the light emitting element 20.
- the semiconductor layer 32 conducts the first electrode 33 (output terminal 51) and the second electrode 34 (output terminal 52). At this time, since the first electrode 33 and the second electrode 34 are arranged in the horizontal direction, current flows in the horizontal direction. That is, the semiconductor relay 10 is a horizontal device.
- the semiconductor layer 32 (semi-insulating InAlGaN layer) is doped with an acceptor-type first impurity that forms a deep acceptor level and a donor-type second impurity.
- the acceptor-type first impurity is, for example, Fe (iron) or C (carbon)
- the donor-type second impurity is, for example, Si (silicon) or O (oxygen).
- an element such as C acceptor-type first impurity
- Si which is a donor-type second impurity. That is, by using an element such as C as an impurity, the Si concentration corresponding to the C concentration is compensated.
- the acceptor-type first impurity concentration Na for forming a deep acceptor level is made higher than the donor-type second impurity concentration Nd to make the carriers deep level. Need to trap. That is, the semiconductor layer 32 has an ionization energy Ea, an acceptor-type first impurity having a concentration Na, an ionization energy Ed smaller than the ionization energy Ea, and a concentration Nd smaller than the concentration Na. It is obtained by adding a certain donor type second impurity.
- the nitride semiconductor is, for example, InAlGaN
- the ionization energy Ea is, for example, 0.8 eV
- the ionization energy Ed is, for example, 0.03 eV.
- a trap level having an activation energy (for example, 2.3 eV) larger than the sum of ionization energy Ea and ionization energy Ed (for example, 0.83 eV) is formed by the first impurity and the second impurity. Due to this deep trap level, the specific resistance of the semiconductor layer 32 becomes, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 5 ⁇ cm or more when the light receiving region 35 does not receive light. When the light receiving region 35 receives light from the light emitting element 20, the specific resistance of the semiconductor layer 32 is lower than when the light receiving region 35 does not receive light. When the incident light intensity is sufficiently high, the specific resistance of the semiconductor layer 32 decreases to about 0.01 ⁇ cm or more and about 1 ⁇ cm or less. That is, the semiconductor layer 32 is switched from insulating to conductive by absorbing light from the light emitting element 20.
- an activation energy for example, 2.3 eV
- Ed for example, 0.83 eV
- the nitride semiconductor forming the semiconductor layer 32 has, for example, a concentration obtained by subtracting the concentration Nd of the donor-type second impurity from the concentration Na of the acceptor-type first impurity (concentration Na ⁇ concentration Nd) of 0.5E16 cm. -3 1E19 cm -3 impurity so that the range need be doped. Further, the characteristics are further improved by doping the nitride semiconductor forming the semiconductor layer 32 with an impurity in a range of 1E16 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 1E18 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the InAlGaN represents quaternary mixed crystal In x Al y Ga 1-xy N (x and y are arbitrary values satisfying 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1 and 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1).
- the multi-element mixed crystal is abbreviated by the arrangement of the constituent element symbols. That is, the description of the subscript is omitted.
- the operation of the semiconductor relay 10 will be described.
- the voltage between the input terminal 41 and the input terminal 42 is 0 V, that is, when no voltage is applied between the input terminal 41 and the input terminal 42
- the light emitting element 20 enters a state where it does not emit light (light-off state).
- the semiconductor layer 32 has a very high resistance, and current hardly flows between the output terminal 51 and the output terminal 52.
- the semiconductor layer 32 absorbs light through the light receiving region 35, and electron-hole pairs are generated in the semiconductor layer 32. That is, electron-hole pairs are excited in the semiconductor layer 32. Since the generated electron-hole pairs act as carriers, the resistance of the semiconductor layer 32 is reduced. Therefore, current increases between the output terminal 51 and the output terminal 52.
- the semiconductor relay 10 has bidirectionality, and can pass a current in either direction from the output terminal 51 to the output terminal 52 and from the output terminal 52 to the output terminal 51.
- the wavelength of light emitted from the light emitting element 20 must be equal to or less than the light absorption wavelength of the semiconductor layer 32 (light receiving region 35). This is because light absorption does not occur when the wavelength of light emitted from the light emitting element 20 is longer than the light absorption wavelength of the semiconductor layer 32.
- the conductivity of the semiconductor layer 32 changes when irradiated with light having energy equal to or greater than the band gap of the semiconductor layer 32.
- a direct MOSFET cannot be driven by light emitted from the light emitting element 20, and thus an element such as a photodiode array that converts light into voltage is required.
- the semiconductor layer 32 can play a role of a photodiode array and a role of MOSFET in a general semiconductor relay. For this reason, since the number of parts is reduced in the semiconductor relay 10, the semiconductor relay 10 can be easily reduced in size and cost .
- a step of applying a voltage to a light emitting diode to emit light a step of converting a light from the light emitting diode into a voltage by a photodiode array, and a voltage output from the photodiode array
- the switching operation is realized by charging the gate with charge.
- the switching operation in a general semiconductor relay requires the above three steps, so that high-speed operation becomes difficult.
- high-speed switching operation on the order of ns to ⁇ s is difficult.
- the semiconductor relay 10 does not require a step (relay operation via the photodiode array) in which the photodiode array converts light from the light emitting diode into a voltage, the switching operation can be speeded up.
- the semiconductor material having a direct transition type wide band gap including InAlGaN, which forms the semiconductor layer 32 has a higher dielectric breakdown electric field strength than Si used in a general semiconductor relay. . Since the semiconductor layer 32 is formed of a semiconductor material having a direct transition type wide band gap, a high voltage operation of the semiconductor relay 10 can be realized.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the semiconductor relay according to the first modification of the first embodiment. In the following, description will be made focusing on differences from the semiconductor relay 10.
- the first electrode 33 is not in contact with the semiconductor layer 32 on the light receiving region 35 side (second electrode 34 side).
- a p-type semiconductor layer 36 x is formed between the first electrode 33 and the semiconductor layer 32 in the stacking direction (Z-axis direction). That is, the p-type semiconductor layer 36x is further partially formed on the semiconductor layer 32, and the first electrode 33 is formed across the semiconductor layer 32 and the p-type semiconductor layer 36x.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 36x is formed of, for example, p-type InAlGaN.
- the second electrode 34 is not in contact with the semiconductor layer 32 on the light receiving region 35 side (first electrode 33 side).
- a p-type semiconductor layer 36y is formed between the second electrode 34 and the semiconductor layer 32 in the stacking direction. That is, the p-type semiconductor layer 36y is further partially formed on the semiconductor layer 32, and the second electrode 34 is formed across the semiconductor layer 32 and the p-type semiconductor layer 36y.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 36y is formed of, for example, p-type InAlGaN.
- the depletion layer extends from the p-type semiconductor layer 36x and the p-type semiconductor layer 36y.
- the semiconductor layer 32 has a high resistance. In a certain state (off state), the electric field applied to the end portion of the first electrode 33 and the electric field applied to the end portion of the second electrode 34 can be reduced. For this reason, the breakdown voltage of the light receiving element 30a can be improved. Further, leakage current can be reduced by the depletion layer.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a semiconductor relay according to the second modification of the first embodiment. In the following, description will be made focusing on differences from the semiconductor relay 10a.
- the light receiving region 35b has an uneven structure. That is, the uneven structure is provided on the surface of the semiconductor layer 32 facing the light emitting element 20. Thereby, the light receiving element 30b can efficiently take in the light emitted from the light emitting element 20 into the semiconductor layer 32. In other words, the concavo-convex structure can improve the light absorption efficiency of the light receiving element 30b.
- the concavo-convex structure is schematically illustrated.
- the specific shape and size of the concavo-convex structure may be determined empirically or experimentally, and is not particularly limited.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the semiconductor relay according to the second embodiment. In the following, description will be made focusing on differences from the semiconductor relay 10.
- the semiconductor relay 10 c includes a light emitting element 20 and a light receiving element 30 c disposed to face the light emitting element 20. Further, the semiconductor relay 10 c includes four terminals, that is, an input terminal 41, an input terminal 42, an output terminal 51, and an output terminal 52. That is, the semiconductor relay 10c is a four-terminal element.
- the semiconductor relay 10c is different from the semiconductor relay 10 in the arrangement of the first electrode 33z and the second electrode 34z in the light receiving element 30c.
- the first electrode 33z is formed on the semiconductor layer 32 (semi-insulating InAlGaN layer) in contact with the semiconductor layer 32.
- the first electrode 33 z is partially formed on the upper surface of the semiconductor layer 32.
- the second electrode 34z is formed on the lower surface (back surface) of the substrate 31 in contact with the substrate 31.
- the second electrode 34z is formed over the entire lower surface of the semiconductor layer 32.
- the semiconductor layer 32 is sandwiched between the first electrode 33z and the second electrode 34z in the vertical direction.
- the substrate 31 is formed of a conductive material.
- the semiconductor relay 10c is a vertical device.
- the withstand voltage between the first electrode 33z and the second electrode 34z depends on the thickness of the semiconductor layer 32.
- the semiconductor relay configured as a horizontal device has a large chip area when a high breakdown voltage is required, but the semiconductor relay 10c configured as a vertical device improves the breakdown voltage without increasing the chip area. Can do.
- the first electrode 33z and the second electrode 34z are made of, for example, a Ti / Al material, but may be transparent electrodes made of ITO. In the semiconductor relay 10c, since a part of the light receiving region 35c is blocked by the first electrode 33z, if the first electrode 33z is a transparent electrode, an effect of increasing the effective area of the light receiving region 35c is obtained. .
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a semiconductor relay according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 2. In the following, description will be made focusing on differences from the semiconductor relay 10c.
- the first electrode 33z is not in contact with the semiconductor layer 32 at the peripheral edge.
- a p-type semiconductor layer 36z is formed between the peripheral portion of the first electrode 33z and the semiconductor layer 32 in the stacking direction (Z-axis direction). That is, the p-type semiconductor layer 36z is further partially formed on the semiconductor layer 32, and the first electrode 33z is formed across the semiconductor layer 32 and the p-type semiconductor layer 36z.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 36z is formed of p-type, for example, InAlGaN.
- the electric field applied to the peripheral portion (end portion) of the first electrode 33z can be relaxed, so that the breakdown voltage of the light receiving element 30d can be improved.
- leakage current can be reduced.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a semiconductor relay according to the second modification of the second embodiment. In the following, description will be made focusing on differences from the semiconductor relay 10d.
- the light receiving region 35e has an uneven structure. That is, an uneven structure is provided on the surface of the semiconductor layer 32. Thereby, the light receiving element 30e can efficiently take in the light emitted from the light emitting element 20 into the semiconductor layer 32. In other words, the concavo-convex structure can improve the light absorption efficiency of the light receiving element 30e.
- the concavo-convex structure is schematically shown.
- the specific shape and size of the concavo-convex structure may be determined empirically or experimentally, and is not particularly limited.
- a semiconductor relay includes a light emitting element and a light receiving element disposed to face the light emitting element, and the light receiving element is formed on a substrate and on the substrate, and is semi-insulating.
- a first transition electrode electrically connected to the semiconductor layer, at least part of which is formed in contact with the semiconductor layer, and the semiconductor layer
- a second electrode electrically connected to the first electrode, the second electrode formed at least partially in contact with either the semiconductor layer or the substrate at a position away from the first electrode.
- the semiconductor layer has a low resistance by absorbing light from the light emitting element.
- the semiconductor layer can play a role of a photodiode array and a role of MOSFET in a general semiconductor relay, so that the semiconductor relay can be easily downsized.
- the light emitting element and the semiconductor layer are formed of a nitride semiconductor.
- Such a semiconductor relay can operate at a high voltage because a nitride semiconductor having a larger band gap than that of Si used for a general semiconductor relay is used for the semiconductor layer.
- the light emitting element and the semiconductor layer are formed of InAlGaN, which is the nitride semiconductor.
- Such a semiconductor relay can operate at a high voltage because InAlGaN having a band gap larger than that of Si used for a general semiconductor relay is used for the semiconductor layer.
- the semiconductor layer includes an acceptor-type first impurity and a donor-type second impurity whose ionization energy is lower than that of the first impurity and whose concentration is lower than that of the first impurity.
- a trap level having an activation energy larger than the sum of the ionization energy of the first impurity and the ionization energy of the second impurity is formed.
- the semiconductor layer can have a low resistance when receiving light from the light emitting element.
- the concentration obtained by subtracting the concentration of the second impurity from the concentration of the first impurity is 1E16 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 1E18 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the semiconductor relay can perform an effective and efficient relay operation.
- a p-type semiconductor layer is further partially formed on the semiconductor layer, and the first electrode is formed across the semiconductor layer and the p-type semiconductor layer.
- the breakdown voltage of the light receiving element can be improved.
- the semiconductor layer has a light receiving region that receives light from the light emitting element, and the light receiving region has an uneven structure.
- the light receiving element can efficiently take light emitted from the light emitting element into the semiconductor layer.
- the first electrode is formed on the semiconductor layer at least partially in contact with the semiconductor layer, and the second electrode is located at a position away from the first electrode on the semiconductor layer. , At least a portion is formed in contact with the semiconductor layer.
- the semiconductor relay is formed as a horizontal device.
- the first electrode is formed on the semiconductor layer at least partially in contact with the semiconductor layer
- the second electrode is formed on the lower surface of the substrate and at least partially in contact with the substrate. It is formed.
- the semiconductor relay is formed as a vertical device.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the semiconductor relay according to the third embodiment.
- the semiconductor relay 110 As shown in FIG. 9, the semiconductor relay 110 according to the third embodiment is formed between the light emitting element 120, the light receiving element 130 stacked with the light emitting element 120, and the light emitting element 120 and the light receiving element 130. And an insulating layer 140.
- the semiconductor relay 110 functions as a switch.
- the light emitting element 120 includes a p-GaN layer 121, an n-GaN layer 122, a third electrode 123, and a fourth electrode 124.
- the n-GaN layer 122 is an example of an n-type nitride semiconductor, and is formed on the insulating layer 140.
- the n-GaN layer 122 is formed of, for example, n-type AlGaN.
- the p-GaN layer 121 is an example of a p-type nitride semiconductor, and is partially formed on the n-GaN layer 122.
- the p-GaN layer 121 is made of, for example, p-type AlGaN.
- the light emitting element 120 is formed by joining the p-GaN layer 121 and the n-GaN layer 122.
- the third electrode 123 is partially formed on the p-GaN layer 121.
- the third electrode 123 is electrically connected to the p-GaN layer 121.
- the third electrode 123 is an anode electrode.
- the third electrode 123 is made of, for example, a Ti / Al-based material.
- the fourth electrode 124 is partially formed on the n-GaN layer 122.
- the fourth electrode 124 is formed in a region of the upper surface of the n-GaN layer 122 where the p-GaN layer 121 is removed.
- the fourth electrode 124 is electrically connected to the n-GaN layer 122.
- the fourth electrode 124 is a cathode electrode.
- the fourth electrode 124 is made of, for example, a Ti / Al material.
- the light emitting element 120 is formed of, for example, a nitride semiconductor (GaN).
- the light emitting element 120 may be formed of a material other than a nitride semiconductor such as GaAs or ZnSe.
- the light-emitting element 120 may be formed of a combination of other materials or may have another structure as long as the light-emitting phenomenon can be induced by the interaction of carriers between different types of semiconductors.
- the light receiving element 130 includes a substrate 131, a semiconductor layer 132, a first electrode 133, and a second electrode 134.
- the substrate 131 is a plate material on which the semiconductor layer 132 is formed.
- the shape of the substrate 131 in plan view is, for example, a rectangle, but may be a circle or the like, and is not particularly limited.
- the substrate 131 is, for example, a GaN substrate formed of GaN. That is, the substrate 131 is formed of, for example, a nitride semiconductor.
- the substrate 131 may be a Si substrate, a SiC substrate, a GaAs substrate, a GaP substrate, a sapphire substrate, or the like.
- the semiconductor layer 132 is a semi-insulating semiconductor layer formed on the substrate 131.
- the semiconductor layer 132 is formed of, for example, a nitride semiconductor. More specifically, the semiconductor layer 132 is formed of, for example, GaN. More specifically, the semiconductor layer 132 is formed of InAlGaN, for example. Note that the semiconductor layer 132 may be formed of a material such as GaAs or ZnSe.
- the semiconductor layer 132 may be formed of another direct transition type semiconductor other than InAlGaN, for example, AlN, AlGaN, or the like.
- the semiconductor layer may have a configuration in which InAlGaN and another semiconductor are stacked. The detailed configuration of the semiconductor layer 132 is the same as that of the semiconductor layer 32.
- the first electrode 133 and the second electrode 134 are two electrodes that are electrically connected to the semiconductor layer 132.
- the first electrode 133 and the second electrode 134 are formed on the semiconductor layer 132 so as to be separated from each other.
- the first electrode 133 and the second electrode 134 are formed of a Ti / Al-based material, but may be transparent electrodes formed of a material such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide).
- An insulating layer 140 is formed between the first electrode 133 and the second electrode 134 in a plan view on the upper surface of the semiconductor layer 132. That is, the insulating layer 140 is formed in a region where the first electrode 133 and the second electrode 134 are not formed on the semiconductor layer 132 (light receiving element 130).
- the insulating layer 140 is a light-transmitting high-resistance insulating layer formed between the light-emitting element 120 and the light-receiving element 130 in the stacking direction.
- the insulating layer 140 can transmit light from the light emitting element 120 and irradiate the light receiving element.
- the insulating layer 140 is formed of, for example, a nitride semiconductor. More specifically, the insulating layer 140 is formed of, for example, GaN.
- the insulating layer 140 may be a semiconductor having a band gap that does not absorb light emitted from the light emitting element 120, and may be a multi-element mixed crystal of a nitride semiconductor such as AlGaN, for example.
- the insulating layer 140 is doped with carbon having a high impurity concentration of 1E17 cm ⁇ 3 or higher. Thereby, the insulation between the light emitting element 120 and the light receiving element 130 is maintained.
- the insulating layer 140 may have a structure in which at least three or more p-type semiconductors and n-type semiconductors are alternately stacked. According to such a structure, the insulating property of the insulating layer 140 is improved.
- an insulating layer 140 is formed between the light emitting element 120 and the light receiving element 130. Since the insulating layer 140 has a light-transmitting property, the light receiving element 130 includes the light emitting element 120. Can receive light from.
- the wavelength of light emitted from the light emitting element 120 is shorter than the wavelength of light corresponding to the band gap of the semiconductor layer 132 included in the light receiving element 130. For this reason, when the light emitting element 120 is irradiated with light emitted from the light emitting element 120, a large number of carriers are excited in the semiconductor layer 132, and the semiconductor layer 132 changes from insulating to conductive. Then, the first electrode 133 and the second electrode 134 formed over the semiconductor layer 132 are in a conductive state. That is, the light receiving element 130 is turned on.
- the light-emitting element 120 emits light. It will be in the state (light-off state) that does not. In this state, carriers are not excited in the semiconductor layer 132, so that the semiconductor layer 132 returns from conductivity to insulation. As a result, the light receiving element 130 enters an OFF state in which no current flows between the first electrode 133 and the second electrode 134.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing the semiconductor relay 110.
- 11A and 11B are schematic cross-sectional views for explaining a method for manufacturing the semiconductor relay 110.
- the semiconductor layer 132 is formed on the substrate 131 (S11), the insulating layer 140 is formed on the semiconductor layer 132 (S12), and the n-GaN layer 122 is formed on the insulating layer 140. (S13) The p-GaN layer 121 is formed on the n-GaN layer 122 (S14). As a result, a laminated structure as shown in FIG. 11A is obtained.
- the p-GaN layer 121, the n-GaN layer 122, and the insulating layer 140 are removed by etching or the like so that the semiconductor layer 132 is exposed at least two places. (S15). Then, the first electrode 133 and the second electrode 134 are formed on the exposed semiconductor layer 132 (S16). As a result, a laminated structure as shown in FIG. 11B is obtained.
- the semiconductor relay 110 shown in FIG. 9 is obtained.
- a general semiconductor relay includes at least three elements of a light emitting element, a photoelectric conversion element, and a switching element, and since the number of elements is large, it is difficult to reduce the size. Further, in general semiconductor relays, it is necessary to maintain insulation between the elements, so that it is necessary to arrange the elements apart from each other and to insert an insulator between the elements.
- the semiconductor relay 110 functions of a photoelectric conversion element and a switching element of a general semiconductor relay are realized by one light receiving element 130. That is, the semiconductor relay 110 can be easily downsized because the number of parts is reduced.
- the semiconductor relay 110 the light emitting element 120 and the light receiving element 130 are stacked. That is, the semiconductor relay 110 can be easily downsized because the light emitting element 120 and the light receiving element 130 are easily integrated on one chip.
- a general semiconductor relay it is necessary to electrically connect the photoelectric conversion element and the switching element by wire bonding. Moreover, in a general semiconductor relay, in order to reliably irradiate the photoelectric conversion element with light from the light emitting element, it is required to define the position and crystal plane orientation with high accuracy.
- the semiconductor relay 110 can be manufactured mainly by etching the laminated structure. That is, the semiconductor relay 110 can be manufactured mainly by controlling the etching depth. Further, in the manufacture of the semiconductor relay 110, the wire bonding process between elements can be simplified. That is, the semiconductor relay 110 can be manufactured by a simple process, and an improvement in productivity and a reduction in production cost can be realized.
- a delay time occurs due to light being converted into a voltage by a photoelectric conversion element.
- the delay time can be greatly improved.
- the insulating layer 140 is formed between the light emitting element 120 and the light receiving element 130, the breakdown voltage of the semiconductor relay 110 is improved.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the semiconductor relay according to the first modification of the third embodiment.
- the description is focused on differences from the semiconductor relay 110, and components having substantially the same functions as those of the semiconductor relay 110 are denoted by the same reference numerals even when their shapes are different. There is a case.
- the semiconductor relay 110a includes a light emitting element 120a, a light receiving element 130a, and an insulating layer 140.
- the light receiving element 130 a has a recess structure in which a recess is formed on the upper surface of the semiconductor layer 132.
- the insulating layer 140 and the light emitting element 120a are formed in the recess and have a shape along the recess.
- the insulating layer 140, the n-GaN layer 122, and the p-GaN layer 121 are formed in this order by regrowth so as to cover the concave portion.
- the p-GaN layer 121, the n-GaN layer 122, and the insulating layer 140 are removed by etching or the like, so that the upper surface of the semiconductor layer 132 is exposed at least two places.
- the two exposed portions are arranged so as to sandwich the concave portion in plan view, and the first electrode 133 and the second electrode 134 are formed in the two exposed portions.
- a part of the n-GaN layer 122 is exposed by removing a part of the p-GaN layer 121 by etching or the like.
- a third electrode 123 is formed on the p-GaN layer 121, and a fourth electrode 124 is formed on the exposed n-GaN layer 122.
- the semiconductor relay 110a shown in FIG. 12 is obtained.
- the operation of the semiconductor relay 110a is the same as that of the semiconductor relay 110.
- the recess is formed in the semiconductor layer 132 included in the light receiving element 130a, so that the area of the light receiving region that receives light from the light emitting element 120a is increased, and thus the efficiency is improved.
- the substantial distance between the first electrode 133 and the second electrode 134 is increased, the breakdown voltage of the semiconductor relay 110a is improved.
- the size of the semiconductor relay can be reduced by adopting a structure like the semiconductor relay 110a.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a semiconductor relay according to the second modification of the third embodiment.
- the description is focused on differences from the semiconductor relay 110, and components having substantially the same functions as those of the semiconductor relay 110 are denoted by the same reference numerals even when their shapes are different. There is a case.
- the semiconductor relay 110b includes a light emitting element 120b, a light receiving element 130b, and an insulating layer 140.
- the light emitting element 120b is formed below the semiconductor layer 132 (light receiving element 130b), and the insulating layer 140 is formed between the lower surface of the substrate 131 and the light emitting element 120b.
- the substrate 131 has translucency and insulation.
- the substrate 131 is, for example, a sapphire substrate, but may be a light-transmitting and insulating nitride semiconductor substrate such as AlN, or a semiconductor substrate formed of another wide band gap semiconductor. Good.
- the light-emitting element 120b is formed over the entire lower surface of the insulating layer 140, the light-emitting element 120b is formed between the first electrode 133 and the second electrode 134 of the semiconductor layer 132 at least in plan view. It is good to irradiate light from the lower part formed in a field.
- the semiconductor layer 132 is formed on the substrate 131
- the insulating layer 140 is formed on the lower surface of the substrate 131
- the n-GaN layer 122 is formed on the lower surface of the insulating layer 140
- the n-GaN layer is formed.
- a p-GaN layer 121 is formed on the lower surface of 122.
- the first electrode 133 and the second electrode 134 are formed on the semiconductor layer 132. Further, a part of the p-GaN layer 121 is removed by etching or the like so that the n-GaN layer 122 is exposed. Then, the third electrode 123 is formed on the lower surface of the p-GaN layer 121, and the fourth electrode 124 is formed on the exposed lower surface of the n-GaN layer 122. As a result, the semiconductor relay 110b shown in FIG. 13 is obtained. The operation of the semiconductor relay 110b is the same as that of the semiconductor relay 110.
- the surface on which the first electrode 133 and the second electrode 134 are formed is different from the surface on which the light emitting element 120b is formed, and thus the light emitting element 120b can be formed large. It becomes possible. That is, the restriction on the design is relaxed, and the degree of freedom and the degree of arrangement of the light emitting element 120b are improved.
- the light emitting element 120b can irradiate light from the lower surface side to a portion of the semiconductor layer 132 immediately below the first electrode 133 and a portion directly below the second electrode 134.
- the resistance reduction of the portion of the semiconductor layer 132 immediately below the first electrode 133 and the portion of the semiconductor layer 132 immediately below the second electrode 134 is promoted, so that the portion immediately below the first electrode 133 and the second electrode The effect of reducing the contact resistance of the portion immediately below the electrode 134 is obtained.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a semiconductor relay according to Modification 3 of Embodiment 3.
- the description is focused on differences from the semiconductor relay 110b, and components having substantially the same functions as those of the semiconductor relay 110b are denoted by the same reference numerals even when the shapes are different. There is a case.
- the semiconductor relay 110c includes a light emitting element 120c, a light receiving element 130c, and an insulating layer 140.
- a recess 135c that is recessed downward is formed in the semiconductor layer 132 of the light receiving element 130c. That is, the light receiving element 130 c has a recess structure in which a recess is formed on the upper surface of the semiconductor layer 132.
- Semiconductor relay 110c further includes a step of forming recess 135c in the method of manufacturing semiconductor relay 110b. The operation of the semiconductor relay 110c is the same as that of the semiconductor relay 110.
- the recess 135c is formed in the semiconductor layer 132 included in the light receiving element 130c, so that a substantial distance between the first electrode 133 and the second electrode 134 is increased. Thereby, the breakdown voltage of the semiconductor relay 110c is improved as compared with the semiconductor relay 110b.
- the size of the semiconductor relay can be reduced by adopting a structure like the semiconductor relay 110c.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the semiconductor relay according to the fourth embodiment.
- the description is focused on differences from the semiconductor relay 110, and components having substantially the same functions as those of the semiconductor relay 110 are denoted by the same reference numerals even when their shapes are different. May be.
- the semiconductor relay 110 d includes a light emitting element 120 d, a light receiving element 130 d, and an insulating layer 140.
- the first electrode 133 which is one of the two electrodes included in the light receiving element 130d and the insulating layer 140 are formed on the semiconductor layer 132.
- the second electrode 134 which is the other of the two electrodes included in the light receiving element 130d, is formed on the lower surface of the substrate 131.
- the light emitting element 120d is formed on the insulating layer 140.
- the first electrode 133 is formed in the end region of the upper surface of the semiconductor layer 132, and the light emitting element 120d is formed on the semiconductor layer 132 with the first electrode 133 and They are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction.
- the light emitting element 120d emits light mainly downward.
- the first electrode 133 and the second electrode 134 are arranged side by side in the thickness direction of the substrate 131. Therefore, current flows in the thickness direction of the substrate 131 in the light receiving element 130d.
- the substrate 131 is formed of a conductive material.
- the light-emitting element 120d may be formed over the semiconductor layer 132 so as to surround the periphery of the first electrode 133 in plan view.
- the light emitting element 120d may be formed over the semiconductor layer 132 so as to sandwich the first electrode 133 in plan view.
- the light emitting element 120d may be formed in two portions on the semiconductor layer 132 so as to sandwich the first electrode 133 formed in a stripe shape in plan view from the short side direction.
- This increases the area of the semiconductor layer 132 that is irradiated with light from the light emitting element 120d, thereby improving efficiency.
- the semiconductor layer 132 is formed on the substrate 131, the insulating layer 140 is formed on the semiconductor layer 132, the n-GaN layer 122 is formed on the insulating layer 140, and the n-GaN layer 122 is formed.
- a p-GaN layer 121 is formed thereon.
- the p-GaN layer 121, the n-GaN layer 122, and the insulating layer 140 are removed by etching or the like so that the semiconductor layer 132 is exposed at least at one place. Then, the first electrode 133 is formed over the exposed semiconductor layer 132.
- a part of the p-GaN layer 121 is removed by etching or the like so that the n-GaN layer 122 is exposed. Subsequently, a third electrode 123 is formed on the p-GaN layer 121, and a fourth electrode 124 is formed on the exposed n-GaN layer 122.
- the semiconductor relay 110d shown in FIG. 15 is obtained.
- the operation of the semiconductor relay 110d is the same as that of the semiconductor relay 110.
- the semiconductor relay 110d In the semiconductor relay 110d, a current flows in the thickness direction of the substrate 131 in the light receiving element 130d. For this reason, the semiconductor relay 110d can easily increase the breakdown voltage and increase the current. In a so-called vertical device such as the light receiving element 130 d, the breakdown voltage is determined by the thickness of the semiconductor layer 132. For this reason, the size of the semiconductor relay 110d can be reduced as compared with the semiconductor relay 110 having a lateral device structure having the same breakdown voltage.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a semiconductor relay according to a modification of the fourth embodiment.
- the description is focused on differences from the semiconductor relay 110d, and components having substantially the same functions as those of the semiconductor relay 110d are denoted by the same reference numerals even when the shapes are different. There is a case.
- the semiconductor relay 110e includes a light emitting element 120e, a light receiving element 130e, and an insulating layer 140.
- a convex portion 136e protruding upward is formed on the semiconductor layer 132 provided in the light receiving element 130e.
- the upper surface of the semiconductor layer 132 has a first surface 137e, a second surface 138e located above the first surface 137e, the first surface 137e, and the second surface. And an inclined surface 139e between the two surfaces 138e.
- the three-dimensional shape of the convex portion 136e is, for example, a ridge shape whose longitudinal direction is the Y-axis direction, and each of the first surface 137e, the second surface 138e, and the inclined surface 139e is a flat surface, for example.
- the third electrode 123 provided in the light receiving element 130e is formed on the second surface 138e.
- the second electrode 134 provided in the light receiving element 130e is formed on the lower surface of the substrate 131.
- the insulating layer 140 is formed across the first surface 137e, the inclined surface 139e, and the end of the second surface 138e on the inclined surface 139e side.
- the insulating layer 140 is formed along the inclined surface 139e and has a shape along the inclined surface 139e.
- the light emitting element 120e is formed on the insulating layer 140, is formed along the inclined surface 139e, and has a shape along the inclined surface 139e, like the insulating layer 140.
- the light emitting element 120e is formed on the first surface 137e of the semiconductor layer 132 so as to sandwich the first electrode 133 in plan view.
- the light emitting element 120e when the light emitting element 120e is formed along the inclined surface 139e, the light emitting element 120e normally irradiates light to a region (convex portion 136e) immediately below the first electrode 133 that is difficult to receive light. Can do.
- the light-emitting element 120e only needs to be able to irradiate light to a region (convex portion 136e) immediately below the first electrode 133, and the arrangement of the light-emitting element 120e is not particularly limited.
- the convex portion 136e is disposed at one end portion in the lateral direction (X-axis direction) on the substrate 131, and the light emitting element 120e can irradiate the convex portion 136e with light from the other end portion side of the substrate 131. It may be arranged.
- the semiconductor layer 132 is formed on the substrate 131, and the formed semiconductor layer 132 is processed into a shape having the convex portion 136e.
- An insulating layer 140 is formed on the processed semiconductor layer 132, an n-GaN layer 122 is formed on the insulating layer 140, and a p-GaN layer 121 is formed on the n-GaN layer 122.
- the p-GaN layer 121, the n-GaN layer 122, and the insulating layer 140 are removed by etching or the like so that at least a part of the second surface 138e of the convex portion 136e is exposed. Subsequently, the first electrode 133 is formed on the exposed second surface 138e.
- a part of the p-GaN layer 121 is removed by etching or the like so that the n-GaN layer 122 is exposed. Subsequently, a third electrode 123 is formed on the p-GaN layer 121, and a fourth electrode 124 is formed on the exposed n-GaN layer 122.
- the semiconductor relay 110e shown in FIG. 16 is obtained.
- the operation of the semiconductor relay 110e is the same as that of the semiconductor relay 110.
- the light emitting element 120e can efficiently irradiate light to the region (projection 136e) immediately below the first electrode 133.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the semiconductor relay according to the fifth embodiment.
- the description is focused on differences from the semiconductor relay 110, and components having substantially the same functions as those of the semiconductor relay 110 are denoted by the same reference numerals even when their shapes are different. May be.
- the semiconductor relay 110f includes a light emitting element 120f, a light receiving element 130f, and an insulating layer 140.
- the semiconductor layer 132 is partially formed on the substrate 131. That is, the upper surface of the substrate 131 includes a region where the semiconductor layer 132 is not formed.
- the first electrode 133 is formed on the semiconductor layer 132, and the second electrode 134 is not formed with the semiconductor layer 132 on the upper surface of the substrate 131. Formed in the region.
- the semiconductor layer 132 and the second electrode 134 are formed on the substrate 131, and the first electrode 133 is formed on the semiconductor layer 132. .
- the positions of the first electrode 133 and the second electrode 134 in the thickness direction of the substrate 131 are different. For this reason, the current flows in the thickness direction of the substrate 131 in the light receiving element 130f.
- the substrate 131 is formed of a conductive material.
- the semiconductor layer 132 is formed on the substrate 131, the insulating layer 140 is formed on the semiconductor layer 132, the n-GaN layer 122 is formed on the insulating layer 140, and the n-GaN layer 122 is formed.
- a p-GaN layer 121 is formed thereon.
- the p-GaN layer 121 is partially removed by etching or the like, leaving a region for forming the third electrode 123.
- the n-GaN layer 122 is exposed.
- the exposed n-GaN layer 122 is partially removed by etching or the like leaving a region for forming the fourth electrode 124.
- the insulating layer 140 is also removed. As a result, the semiconductor layer 132 is exposed.
- the exposed semiconductor layer 132 is partially removed by etching or the like, leaving a region for forming the first electrode 133. Thereby, the substrate 131 is exposed.
- the semiconductor relay 110f shown in FIG. 17 is obtained.
- the operation of the semiconductor relay 110f is the same as that of the semiconductor relay 110.
- the semiconductor relay 110f it is not necessary to form components on the lower surface of the substrate 131. In other words, all the components included in the semiconductor relay 110f are formed on the upper surface side of the substrate 131. Therefore, the semiconductor relay 110f has an advantage that the manufacturing process is easy.
- the electrode formed on the semiconductor layer 132 may be, for example, a transparent electrode (translucent electrode). That is, at least one of the first electrode 133 and the second electrode 134 may be a transparent electrode.
- a region below the electrode formed on the semiconductor layer 132 may be doped with a carrier having a higher concentration than other regions.
- contact resistance contact resistance
- a semiconductor relay includes a light emitting element and a light receiving element stacked on the light emitting element, and the light receiving element is a semiconductor and a semi-insulating semiconductor formed over the substrate.
- a layer and two electrodes electrically connected to the semiconductor layer, and the semiconductor layer is switched from insulating to conductive by absorbing light from the light emitting element.
- Such a semiconductor relay can be easily downsized because the functions of a photoelectric conversion element and a switching element of a general semiconductor relay are realized by a single light receiving element, and the number of parts is reduced. Further, in such a semiconductor relay, the light emitting element and the light receiving element are laminated, and the light emitting element and the light receiving element are easily integrated on one chip, so that the miniaturization is easy.
- the semiconductor relay further includes a light-transmitting insulating layer formed between the light emitting element and the light receiving element.
- the withstand voltage of the semiconductor relay can be increased.
- the insulating layer is formed of a nitride semiconductor having a C concentration of 1E17 cm ⁇ 3 or more.
- the withstand voltage of the semiconductor relay can be increased.
- the insulating layer has a structure in which at least three p-type semiconductor layers and n-type semiconductor layers are alternately stacked.
- the withstand voltage of the semiconductor relay can be increased.
- the two electrodes are formed on the semiconductor layer, and the light emitting element is formed above the semiconductor layer.
- Such a semiconductor relay can flow a current laterally in the light receiving element. That is, such a semiconductor relay is a lateral device.
- the two electrodes are formed on the semiconductor layer, the light emitting element is formed below the semiconductor layer, and the insulating layer is formed between the lower surface of the substrate and the light emitting element. ing.
- the substrate has translucency and insulation.
- the semiconductor layer can receive light from the light emitting element through the substrate.
- the two electrodes are formed on the semiconductor layer, and a recess is formed in a region of the semiconductor layer between the two electrodes in plan view.
- a recess is formed in a region between the two electrodes in plan view of the semiconductor layer, and the light-emitting element is formed in the recess and has a shape along the recess.
- one of the two electrodes and the insulating layer are formed on the semiconductor layer, the other of the two electrodes is formed on a lower surface of the substrate, and the light emitting element is , Formed on the insulating layer.
- Such a semiconductor relay can cause a current to flow in the vertical direction (stacking direction) in the light receiving element. That is, such a semiconductor relay is a vertical device. Therefore, a high breakdown voltage and a large current can be realized for the light receiving element.
- the upper surface of the semiconductor layer includes a first surface, a second surface located above the first surface, and an inclined surface between the first surface and the second surface.
- the one electrode is formed on the second surface, and the light emitting element and the insulating layer are formed along the inclined surface.
- one of the semiconductor layer and the two electrodes is formed on the substrate, and the other electrode of the two electrodes is formed on the semiconductor layer.
- the current can flow in the vertical direction (stacking direction) in the light receiving element. That is, although the two electrodes are arranged in the same manner as in the horizontal device, it is possible to increase the breakdown voltage of the light receiving element as in the vertical device.
- the semiconductor layer is formed of a nitride semiconductor.
- a nitride semiconductor having a larger band gap than that of Si used for a general semiconductor relay is used for the semiconductor layer, so that the light receiving element has a high breakdown voltage.
- the semiconductor layer is made of AlGaN which is the nitride semiconductor.
- AlGaN having a larger band gap than Si used for a general semiconductor relay is used for the semiconductor layer, so that the light receiving element has a high breakdown voltage.
- the semiconductor layer includes an acceptor-type first impurity and a donor-type second impurity whose ionization energy is lower than that of the first impurity and whose concentration is lower than that of the first impurity.
- a trap level having an activation energy larger than the sum of the ionization energy of the first impurity and the ionization energy of the second impurity is formed.
- the semiconductor layer when the trap level is formed in the semiconductor layer, the semiconductor layer can be switched to conductivity when receiving light from the light emitting element.
- the concentration obtained by subtracting the concentration of the second impurity from the concentration of the first impurity is 1E16 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 1E18 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the semiconductor relay can perform an effective and efficient relay operation.
- At least one of the two electrodes is formed on the semiconductor layer, and in the semiconductor layer, a region below the at least one electrode is doped with a carrier having a higher concentration than other regions. ing.
- the portion of the semiconductor layer that comes into contact with the electrode is likely to have a low resistance. That is, the contact resistance between the semiconductor layer and the electrode can be reduced.
- At least one of the two electrodes is a transparent electrode.
- the light emitting element is formed by a junction of a p-type nitride semiconductor and an n-type nitride semiconductor, and the semiconductor relay is further electrically connected to the p-type nitride semiconductor. And a second electrode electrically connected to the n-type nitride semiconductor.
- the light receiving element (substrate) is formed of the same type of nitride semiconductor as the light emitting element, the light receiving element and the light emitting element can be formed by continuous crystal growth. For this reason, simplification of the process, improvement in light irradiation efficiency, improvement in operation delay time, and the like are realized.
- the substrate is made of a nitride semiconductor.
- the semiconductor layer and the light emitting element are formed of a nitride semiconductor, the crystallinity of the light receiving element and the light emitting element can be improved. For this reason, the light emitting function and the light receiving function can be improved in the semiconductor relay.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the semiconductor relay according to the seventh embodiment.
- a semiconductor relay 210 is formed between a light emitting element 220 made of a nitride semiconductor, a light receiving element 230 made of a nitride semiconductor, and the light receiving element and the light emitting element.
- the insulating layer 240 is used.
- the light emitting element 220 is a light emitting diode in which an n-AlGaN layer 221, an active layer 222, a p-AlGaN layer 223, and a p-GaN layer 224 are sequentially formed. Note that each of the n-AlGaN layer, the p-AlGaN layer, and the p-GaN layer is an n-type AlGaN layer, a p-type AlGaN layer, and a p-type GaN layer.
- a third electrode 225 is formed on the n-AlGaN layer 221, and a fourth electrode 226 is formed on the p-GaN layer 224.
- the n-AlGaN layer 221 is an example of an n-type nitride semiconductor and is formed on the insulating layer 240. Si is doped as an n-type impurity.
- the active layer 222 is a nitride semiconductor and is, for example, In x Ga 1-x N (preferably 0.01 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.20).
- the active layer 222 is formed on the n-AlGaN layer 221.
- the active layer 222 is not limited to a single quantum well structure.
- an InGaN / GaN multiple quantum well structure composed of an InGaN quantum well layer and a GaN barrier layer, or an InGaN / AlGaN multiple layer composed of an InGaN quantum well layer and an AlGaN barrier layer.
- a quantum well structure may be used.
- the p-AlGaN layer 223 is an example of a p-type nitride semiconductor, and is formed on the active layer 222.
- Mg is doped as a p-type impurity.
- the p-GaN layer 224 is an example of a p-type nitride semiconductor, and is formed on the p-AlGaN layer 223. Mg is doped as a p-type impurity.
- the third electrode 225 is a cathode electrode. It is partially formed on the n-AlGaN layer 221. The third electrode 225 is formed in a region where the active layer 222, the p-AlGaN layer 223, and the p-GaN layer 224 are removed from the upper surface of the n-AlGaN layer 221.
- the third electrode 225 is made of, for example, a Ti / Al-based material.
- the fourth electrode 226 is an anode electrode. Partially formed on the p-GaN layer 224.
- the fourth electrode 226 is formed of, for example, a Ti / Al-based material.
- the light emitting element 220 emits light by applying a voltage to the third electrode 225 and the fourth electrode 226.
- the light emitting element 220 is formed of, for example, a nitride semiconductor.
- the light emitting element 220 may be formed using a material other than a nitride semiconductor such as GaAs or ZnSe.
- the light-emitting element 220 may be formed of a combination of other materials or may have another structure as long as the light-emitting phenomenon can be induced by the interaction of carriers between different types of semiconductors.
- the activity of the light emitting element is higher than that of a light emitting element having a large band gap energy, for example, a light emitting element formed by bonding a p-GaN layer and an n-GaN layer.
- the band gap energy of the layer is small. In other words, since the voltage for driving the light emitting element can be reduced, power consumption can be reduced.
- the light receiving element 230 includes a substrate 231, a semiconductor layer 232, a first electrode 233, and a second electrode 234.
- the substrate 231 is a plate material on which the semiconductor layer 232 is formed.
- the planar view shape of the substrate 231 is, for example, a rectangle, but may be a circle or the like, and is not particularly limited.
- the substrate 231 is, for example, a GaN substrate formed of GaN. That is, the substrate 231 is formed of, for example, a nitride semiconductor.
- the substrate 231 may be a Si substrate, a SiC substrate, a GaAs substrate, a GaP substrate, a GaO substrate, a sapphire substrate, or the like.
- the semiconductor layer 232 is a semi-insulating semiconductor layer formed on the substrate 231.
- the detailed configuration of the semiconductor layer 232 is the same as that of the semiconductor layer 32, the semiconductor layer 132, and the like.
- the semiconductor layer 232 is formed of, for example, In y Ga 1-y N (preferably 0.20 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.40). Note that the semiconductor layer 232 is not limited to a single layer, and may be a stacked structure of InGaN / GaN, InGaN / AlGaN, or the like.
- the semiconductor layer 232 needs to absorb light emitted from the active layer 222 of the light emitting element 220.
- InGaN is used for both the semiconductor layer 232 and the active layer 222 of the light-emitting element 220
- a relationship of y> x in In y Ga 1-y N in the semiconductor layer 232 and In x Ga 1-x N in the active layer What is necessary is just to adjust a composition so that it may satisfy
- the band gap energy of the semiconductor layer 232 becomes smaller than the band gap energy of the active layer 222 of the light emitting element 220. That is, the semiconductor layer 232 can absorb light emitted from the active layer 222 of the light emitting element 220 and can have a low resistance as described later.
- the first electrode 233 and the second electrode 234 are two electrodes that are electrically connected to the semiconductor layer 232.
- the first electrode 233 and the second electrode 234 are formed over the semiconductor layer 232 so as to be separated from each other.
- the first electrode 233 and the second electrode 234 are formed of, for example, a Ti / Al material, but are transparent electrodes formed of a material such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide). Also good.
- An insulating layer 240 is formed between the first electrode 233 and the second electrode 234 in a plan view on the upper surface of the semiconductor layer 232. That is, the insulating layer 240 is formed in a region over the semiconductor layer 232 where the first electrode 233 and the second electrode 234 are not formed.
- the insulating layer 240 is a light-transmitting high-resistance insulating layer formed between the light-emitting element 220 and the light-receiving element 230 in the stacking direction.
- the insulating layer 240 can transmit light from the light emitting element 220 and irradiate the light receiving element.
- the insulating layer 240 is formed of, for example, a nitride semiconductor. More specifically, the insulating layer 240 is formed of, for example, GaN.
- the insulating layer 240 may be a semiconductor having a band gap that does not absorb light emitted from the light emitting element 220, and may be a multi-element mixed crystal of a nitride semiconductor such as AlGaN, for example.
- the insulating layer 240 may be doped with C (carbon) having an impurity concentration of 1E17 cm ⁇ 3 or more. Thereby, the insulation between the light emitting element 220 and the light receiving element 230 is maintained.
- the operation of the semiconductor relay 210 described above is the same as that of the semiconductor relay 10 and the semiconductor relay 110.
- the manufacturing method of the semiconductor relay 210 is the same as that of the semiconductor relay 110.
- the band gap energy of the active layer 222 of the light emitting element 220 needs to be larger than that of GaN. In other words, it is necessary to increase the voltage for driving the light emitting element 220, and the power consumption increases.
- the band gap energy of the active layer 222 of the light emitting element 220 can be reduced by using, for example, InGaN, which has a band gap energy smaller than that of GaN for the semiconductor layer 232 of the light receiving element 230.
- InGaN which has a band gap energy smaller than that of GaN for the semiconductor layer 232 of the light receiving element 230.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the semiconductor relay according to the eighth embodiment.
- the description will be focused on differences from the semiconductor relay 210, and components having substantially the same functions as those of the semiconductor relay 210 will be denoted by the same reference numerals even when their shapes are different. May be.
- the configuration of the semiconductor relay according to the eighth embodiment will be described.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a semiconductor relay according to the eighth embodiment.
- the semiconductor relay 310 according to the eighth embodiment is formed between a light emitting element 320 made of a nitride semiconductor, a light receiving element 330 made of a nitride semiconductor, and between the light receiving element 330 and the light emitting element 320.
- the insulating layer 340 is formed. That is, as shown in FIG. 19, the semiconductor relay 310 according to the eighth embodiment includes a light emitting element 320, a light receiving element 330, and an insulating layer 340.
- the light emitting element 320 includes an n-AlGaN layer 321, an active layer 322, a p-AlGaN layer 323, a p-GaN layer 324, a third electrode 325, and a fourth electrode 326.
- the light receiving element 330 includes a substrate 331, a semiconductor layer 332, a first electrode 333, and a second electrode 334.
- the first electrode 333 which is one of the two electrodes included in the light receiving element 330, and the insulating layer 340 are formed on the semiconductor layer 332.
- the second electrode 334 that is the other of the two electrodes included in the light receiving element 330 is formed on the lower surface of the substrate 331.
- the light emitting element 320 is formed on the insulating layer 340.
- the first electrode 333 is formed in the end region of the upper surface of the semiconductor layer 332, and the light-emitting element 320 includes the first electrode 333 and the semiconductor layer 332. They are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction.
- the light emitting element 320 emits light mainly downward.
- the first electrode 333 and the second electrode 334 are arranged side by side in the thickness direction of the substrate 331. For this reason, in the light receiving element 330, a current flows in the thickness direction of the substrate 331. Note that in the semiconductor relay 310, the substrate 331 is formed of a conductive material.
- the light-emitting element 320 may be formed over the semiconductor layer 332 so as to surround the periphery of the first electrode 333 in plan view.
- the light-emitting element 320 may be formed over the semiconductor layer 332 so as to sandwich the first electrode 333 in plan view.
- the light-emitting element 320 may be formed in two portions on the semiconductor layer 332 so as to sandwich the first electrode 333 formed in a stripe shape in plan view from the short side direction.
- the operation of the semiconductor relay 310 is the same as that of the semiconductor relay 310.
- the semiconductor relay 310 In the semiconductor relay 310, a current flows in the thickness direction of the substrate 331 in the light receiving element 330. Therefore, the semiconductor relay 310 can easily increase the breakdown voltage and increase the current. In a so-called vertical device such as the light receiving element 330, the breakdown voltage is determined by the thickness of the semiconductor layer 332. For this reason, the semiconductor relay 310 can be reduced in size as compared with the semiconductor relay 210 having a lateral device structure having the same breakdown voltage.
- a semiconductor relay includes a light-emitting element having an active layer and a light-receiving element stacked on the light-emitting element, and the light-receiving element is a substrate and a semi-insulating formed on the substrate
- the semiconductor layer has a conductivity and two electrodes electrically connected to the semiconductor layer, and the semiconductor layer is switched from insulating to conductive by absorbing light from the light emitting element.
- Such a semiconductor relay can be easily downsized because the functions of a photoelectric conversion element and a switching element of a general semiconductor relay are realized by a single light receiving element, and the number of parts is reduced. Further, in such a semiconductor relay, the light emitting element and the light receiving element are laminated, and the light emitting element and the light receiving element are easily integrated on one chip, so that the miniaturization is easy.
- the band gap energy of the active layer is larger than the band gap energy of the semiconductor layer.
- the active layer is InGaN.
- the semiconductor layer is InGaN.
- the semiconductor layer includes an acceptor-type first impurity and a donor-type second impurity whose ionization energy is lower than that of the first impurity and whose concentration is lower than that of the first impurity.
- a trap level having an activation energy larger than the sum of the ionization energy of the first impurity and the ionization energy of the second impurity is formed.
- the concentration obtained by subtracting the concentration of the second impurity from the concentration of the first impurity is 1E16 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 1E18 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the semiconductor relay further includes a light-transmitting insulating layer formed between the light emitting element and the light receiving element.
- one of the two electrodes and the insulating layer are formed on the semiconductor layer, the other of the two electrodes is formed on a lower surface of the substrate, and the light emitting element is , Formed on the insulating layer.
- the insulating layer is a nitride semiconductor containing at least Al.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a semiconductor relay according to the ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a top view of the light receiving element provided in the semiconductor relay according to the ninth embodiment.
- the first electrode 33 covering the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37 is shown by broken lines. Yes.
- the semiconductor relay 410 includes a light emitting element 20 and a light receiving element 430 disposed to face the light emitting element 20.
- the semiconductor relay 410 includes four terminals: an input terminal 41, an input terminal 42, an output terminal 51, and an output terminal 52. That is, the semiconductor relay 410 is a four-terminal element.
- the semiconductor relay 410 operates as a switch.
- the light receiving element 430 includes a substrate 31, a semiconductor layer 32, a first electrode 33, a second electrode 34, and a first p-type semiconductor layer 36.
- the semiconductor relay 410 is different in the configuration of the semiconductor relay 10 and the light receiving element 430.
- the light receiving element 430 has a configuration in which a first p-type semiconductor layer 36 is added to the light receiving element 30.
- the configuration of the first p-type semiconductor layer 36 will be described in detail.
- the first p-type semiconductor layer 36 is a p-type semiconductor layer formed on the semiconductor layer 32.
- the first p-type semiconductor layer 36 is formed of, for example, a p-type nitride semiconductor.
- the first p-type semiconductor layer 36 is made of, for example, P-type InAlGaN.
- the first p-type semiconductor layer 36 for example, p-type InAlGaN doped with an impurity such as Mg and having a carrier concentration of 1E18 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 1E20 cm ⁇ 3 or less is used. That is, the first p-type semiconductor layer 36 includes the same impurity as the p-type semiconductor used in the light-emitting element 20 and has the same carrier concentration as that of the p-type semiconductor used in the light-emitting element 20. These semiconductors are used.
- the thickness of the first p-type semiconductor layer 36 is, for example, 400 nm.
- the first p-type semiconductor layer 36 is formed by being divided into a plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37.
- the first p-type semiconductor layer 36 is patterned into a predetermined shape.
- the first p-type semiconductor layer 36 is formed by being divided into a plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37.
- each of the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37 is, for example, a rectangle in plan view, and the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37 are arranged in a matrix.
- Such a discrete first p-type semiconductor layer 36 is formed as follows. First, a continuous p-type InAlGaN layer is formed on the semiconductor layer 32. Next, the formed p-type InAlGaN layer is partially removed by dry etching or the like, so that p-type InAlGaN layers remain discretely. The remaining p-type InAlGaN layer is a plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37 and constitutes the first p-type semiconductor layer 36.
- the first electrode 33 is formed in contact with the semiconductor layer 32 and the first p-type semiconductor layer 36. Specifically, the first electrode 33 is formed on the semiconductor layer 32 so as to cover all of the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37. On the other hand, unlike the first electrode 33, no p-type semiconductor layer is formed between the second electrode 34 and the semiconductor layer 32.
- the second electrode 34 is formed in the lateral direction (X-axis direction) separated by, for example, about 5 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m (for example, about 10 ⁇ m). Specifically, the second electrode 34 is formed of a Ti / Al material, but may be a transparent electrode formed of ITO.
- a plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37 (first p-type semiconductor layers 36) positioned below the first electrode 33 are discretely arranged, and the first electrode A portion 33 is in direct contact with the semiconductor layer 32.
- the junction between the first electrode 33 and the semiconductor layer 32 is a Schottky junction or an ohmic junction. For this reason, the on-voltage of the pn junction when the light emitting element 20 emits light can be reduced, and the power consumption is also reduced.
- the first electrode 33 and the semiconductor layer 32 are directly connected to each other while the light receiving element 430 is in the off state.
- the contact region is covered with an extended pn junction depletion layer. That is, the depletion layer of the pn junction can cover the entire lower surface of the first electrode 33, thereby suppressing leakage current when the light emitting element 20 is turned off.
- the first p-type semiconductor layer 36 is formed by arranging a plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37 in a matrix.
- the shape of the first p-type semiconductor layer 36 is not particularly limited.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the semiconductor relay according to the tenth embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is a top view of the light receiving element provided in the semiconductor relay according to the tenth embodiment.
- the first electrode 33 that partially covers the first p-type semiconductor layer 36a is shown by a broken line. Further, in the following tenth embodiment, the description of the matters already described in the ninth embodiment is omitted as appropriate.
- the semiconductor relay 410a includes a light receiving element 430a.
- the light receiving element 430a is different from the light receiving element 430 in the planar view shape of the first p-type semiconductor layer 36a.
- the first p-type semiconductor layer 36 a includes a plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37 arranged in a matrix, and a p-type semiconductor portion surrounding the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37.
- a guard ring 37a is shown in plan view.
- Each of the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37 is, for example, a square of 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ⁇ m, and the interval between one p-type semiconductor portion 37 and another p-type semiconductor portion 37 is about 1 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the size of the p-type semiconductor portion 37 is not limited to such a size.
- the interval between one p-type semiconductor portion 37 and another p-type semiconductor portion 37 is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more. That is, the interval between one p-type semiconductor part 37 and another p-type semiconductor part 37 is preferably equal to or longer than the length of one side of the p-type semiconductor part 37.
- the number of the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37 is changed according to the size of one p-type semiconductor portion 37 and the size of the first electrode 33. That is, the number of the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37 is not particularly limited.
- the plan view shape of the guard ring 37a is, for example, a rectangular ring.
- the shape of the guard ring 37 a in plan view is desirably matched to the shape of the first electrode 33.
- the shape of the guard ring 37a is preferably circular (annular), but is not limited thereto.
- the width of the guard ring 37a is, for example, about 3 ⁇ m.
- the distance between the guard ring and the p-type semiconductor part 37 is matched with the distance between one p-type semiconductor part 37 and another p-type semiconductor part 37, for example.
- the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37 are covered with the first electrode 33, but a part of the guard ring 37 a is exposed from the first electrode 33.
- a plurality of p-type semiconductor portions constituting the first p-type semiconductor layer 36 are partially exposed from the p-type semiconductor portion 37 covered with the first electrode 33 and the end portion of the first electrode 33.
- a guard ring 37a which is a p-type semiconductor portion.
- the end portion of the first electrode 33 is located not on the semiconductor layer 32 but on the guard ring 37a.
- the width of the portion where the first electrode 33 and the guard ring 37a overlap is, for example, about 2 ⁇ m.
- the guard ring 37a prevents the end portion of the first electrode 33 from coming into direct contact with the semiconductor layer 32.
- the electric field can be relaxed by forming a pn junction below the end portion of the first electrode 33 where electric field concentration is particularly likely to occur, and leakage current at the end portion is suppressed. be able to.
- each of the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37b has a hexagonal shape in plan view, and the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37b. May be arranged in a honeycomb shape at intervals.
- the planar view shape of the p-type semiconductor portion 37b is, for example, a regular hexagon having a side of 1 ⁇ m.
- the interval between one p-type semiconductor portion 37b and another p-type semiconductor portion 37b is, for example, about 1 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m.
- the size of the p-type semiconductor portion 37b and the interval between one p-type semiconductor portion 37b and another p-type semiconductor portion 37b are not limited to the above.
- each of the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37c has a line shape extending in the Y-axis direction in a plan view.
- the p-type semiconductor unit 37c may be arranged side by side in the X-axis direction.
- the width of the p-type semiconductor portion 37c in the X-axis direction is, for example, 1 ⁇ m, and the distance between one p-type semiconductor portion 37c and another p-type semiconductor portion 37c is about 1 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37c are not arranged in the Y-axis direction.
- the end of the p-type semiconductor part 37c in the Y direction may be directly connected to the guard ring 37a.
- the shape of the first p-type semiconductor layer 36c in plan view is a shape like a ladder.
- each of the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37c has a line shape extending in the X-axis direction, and the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37c may be arranged side by side in the Y-axis direction.
- each of the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37d has a rectangular ring shape similar to that of the guard ring 37a in plan view.
- a p-type semiconductor portion 37d smaller than the one p-type semiconductor portion 37d is arranged inside the p-type semiconductor portion 37d. That is, the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37d are arranged concentrically.
- the width of one p-type semiconductor portion 37d is about 1 ⁇ m, and the distance between one p-type semiconductor portion 37d and another p-type semiconductor portion 37d is about 1 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the innermost p-type semiconductor portion 37d is a square having a side of about 1 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m, or a short side having a rectangle of 1 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m.
- the innermost p-type semiconductor portion 37d may have a rectangular ring shape.
- the size of the portion surrounded by the innermost p-type semiconductor portion 37d is one p-type semiconductor portion.
- the distance between 37d and the other p-type semiconductor portion 37d is 1 ⁇ m, it is 4 ⁇ m square or less.
- the size of the portion surrounded by the innermost p-type semiconductor portion 37d is 5 ⁇ m square or less when the distance between one p-type semiconductor portion 37d and another p-type semiconductor portion 37d is 2 ⁇ m.
- each of the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37e is square (or rectangular), and the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37e are in a matrix shape. Is arranged. However, the sizes of the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37e are not uniform, and the p-type semiconductor portion 37e that is farther from the second electrode 34 (the p-type semiconductor portion 37e located on the X-axis side) is more planar. The visual shape increases. That is, the p-type semiconductor portion 37e that is farther from the second electrode 34 has a larger volume (size).
- the plan view shape of the p-type semiconductor portion 37e is, in order from the one closest to the second electrode 34, a 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ⁇ m square, a 1.5 ⁇ m ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ m square, a 2 ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ m square, and so on.
- the first electrode 33 and the first electrode 33 covered by the first electrode 33 The density of the first p-type semiconductor layer 36e (ratio of the first p-type semiconductor layer 36e per unit volume of the first electrode portion) in the first electrode portion constituted by the 1p-type semiconductor layer 36e (p-type semiconductor portion 37e) is The portion closer to the second electrode 34 becomes lower.
- the first The electric field tends to concentrate on the portion of the first electrode 33 close to the second electrode 34 to which a high voltage is applied. Since the depletion layer easily extends in the portion where the electric field is concentrated, the first depletion layer generated by the pn junction causes the first depletion layer even if the distance between one p-type semiconductor portion 37e and another p-type semiconductor portion 37e is large in the X-axis direction. It is possible to cover a portion of the electrode 33 in contact with the semiconductor layer 32. Therefore, leakage current is suppressed.
- FIG. 28 is a top view of a light receiving element having a floating guard ring.
- the floating guard ring 38 included in the light receiving element 430f surrounds the first electrode 33 and the second electrode 34 in a state of being separated from the first electrode 33 and the second electrode 34. , Formed on the semiconductor layer 32.
- the floating guard ring 38 is made of a p-type semiconductor, like the first p-type semiconductor layer 36 and the like.
- the floating guard ring 38 is not in contact with the guard ring 37a. That is, the floating guard ring 38 is not electrically connected to the first electrode 33, the second electrode 34, and the guard ring 37a (first p-type semiconductor layer 36).
- the width of the floating guard ring 38 is, for example, 1 ⁇ m, and the distance between the floating guard ring 38 and the guard ring 37a is about 1 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the distance between the floating guard ring 38 and the second electrode 34 is about 3 ⁇ m or more and 4 ⁇ m or less.
- the light receiving element 430f has only one floating guard ring 38, but the light receiving element 430f has a plurality of floating guard rings 38, and the plurality of floating guard rings 38 are arranged concentrically. Also good.
- the width of each of the plurality of floating guard rings 38 is, for example, 1 ⁇ m
- the interval between the plurality of floating guard rings 38 is, for example, about 1 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m.
- the floating guard ring 38 may have a shape surrounding only one of the first electrode 33 and the second electrode 34.
- the concentration of electrolysis when a high voltage is applied can be mitigated, and as a result, leakage current can be suppressed.
- FIG. 29 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light receiving element having another structure for suppressing leakage current.
- the semiconductor layer 32g included in the light receiving element 430g shown in FIG. 29 has a mesa structure 39 so as to surround the first electrode 33 and the second electrode 34 in a plan view.
- the semiconductor layer 32g has a mesa structure 39 in which a region separated by about 5 ⁇ m or more outward from the floating guard ring 38 is lower than a region where the floating guard ring 38 is formed.
- Such a mesa structure 39 is formed by digging a region away from the floating guard ring 38 by about 5 ⁇ m or more by dry etching or the like.
- the mesa structure 39 may be formed in a region separated from the side of the guard ring 37a where the electrodes are not opposed to each other by about 5 ⁇ m or more.
- the mesa structure 39 from which the surface portion of the semiconductor layer 32g has been removed it is possible to remove the leakage current path that flows through the surface portion outside the device.
- the leakage current is suppressed by removing the surface of the outer portion of the semiconductor layer 32g.
- the light receiving element 430g includes an insulating layer 431 (insulating film) formed above the first electrode 33 and the second electrode 34, and a first wiring layer 433 and a second wiring layer 433 formed on the insulating layer 431. Wiring layer 434.
- the light receiving element 430g penetrates the insulating layer 431 and penetrates the insulating layer 431 and the first via hole 33a that electrically connects the first electrode 33 and the first wiring layer 433, and the second electrode. 34 and a second via hole 34 a that electrically connects the second wiring layer 434.
- the insulating layer 431 is formed of a material such as SiO 2 or SiN, for example.
- the first wiring layer 433 and the second wiring layer 434 are formed of a metal material.
- the first wiring layer 433 and the second wiring layer 434 are formed to be thick with a material such as Au having high conductivity, for example.
- the first wiring layer 433 is formed so as to cover the first electrode 33
- the second wiring layer 434 is formed so as to cover the second electrode 34. That is, in plan view, the region where the first electrode 33 is formed is included in the region where the first wiring layer 433 is formed, and the region where the second electrode 34 is formed is the second wiring layer. 434 is included in the formed region.
- the end portion of the first wiring layer 433 is located outside the end portion of the first electrode 33 in plan view.
- the first electrode 33 includes one end 33b near the second electrode 34 and the other end 33c different from the one end 33b (for example, the other end 33c opposite to the one end 33b).
- the first wiring layer 433 has one end 433b near the second electrode 34 and the other end 433c different from the one end 433b (for example, the other end 433c opposite to the one end 433b).
- the distance d1 from the one end 33b of the first electrode 33 to the one end of the first wiring layer 433 is equal to the distance between the other end 33c of the first electrode 33 and the first wiring layer 433. It is desirable that the distance is shorter than the distance d2 to the other end 433c.
- the distance from one end of the second electrode 34 to one end of the second wiring layer 434 is the other end of the second wiring layer 434 from the other end of the second electrode 34. It is desirable that the distance is shorter than the distance up to.
- One end of the second electrode 34 is an end near the first electrode 33, and the other end of the second electrode 34 is an end different from the one end (for example, opposite to the one end). Side end).
- One end portion of the second wiring layer 434 is an end portion close to the first electrode 33, and the other end portion of the second electrode 34 is an end portion different from the one end portion (for example, opposite to the one end portion). End).
- a portion of the wiring layer that is formed outside the end of the electrode is called a field plate.
- a portion within a range defined by the distance d1 and the distance d2 is a field plate.
- the field plate may be formed only on a part of the insulating layer 431.
- the field plate may be formed only at a place where electric field relaxation is considered necessary.
- the field plate may be formed only in a range defined by the distance d1 above the first electrode 33.
- the other end portion 433c of the field plate of the first wiring layer 433 is formed at a distance d3 away from the floating guard ring 38. It is desirable.
- the distance d3 is specifically about 20 ⁇ m.
- the other end of the field plate of the second wiring layer 434 is desirably formed in the same manner, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the distance d4 between one end 433b of the field plate of the first wiring layer 433 and one end of the field plate of the second wiring layer is determined so that the light receiving element 430g can withstand the operating voltage of the light receiving element 430g. It is done. However, if the distance d4 is too small, the light receiving region that receives the light from the light emitting element 20 becomes small, and the on-resistance may increase. For this reason, the interval d4 is determined in consideration of the light receiving area. For example, when the distance between the first electrode 33 and the second electrode 34 is 10 ⁇ m, the distance d4 is about 8 ⁇ m.
- the leakage current is suppressed. If a semiconductor layer 32g to which a high electric field is applied is covered with a field plate to which no voltage is applied, for example, a ground potential, via an insulating layer 431, the electric field extends to the field plate side. The electric field concentration is dispersed and relaxed. Thereby, the leakage current is suppressed.
- FIG. 30 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a semiconductor relay according to a modification of the tenth embodiment.
- the semiconductor relay 410h includes a light receiving element 430h.
- the light receiving element 430h includes a plurality of p type semiconductor portions 37 and a first p type semiconductor layer 36a including a guard ring 37a.
- the first electrode 33 is formed in contact with the semiconductor layer 32 and the first p-type semiconductor layer 36a.
- the light receiving element 430h further includes a second p-type semiconductor layer 136a formed on the semiconductor layer 32. Similar to the first p-type semiconductor layer 36a, the second p-type semiconductor layer 136a includes a plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 137 and a guard ring 137a. The shape and arrangement of the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 137 are, for example, the same as those of the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37, but may be other shapes and arrangements described in the above embodiment, and are not particularly limited. .
- the second electrode 34 is formed in contact with the semiconductor layer 32 and the second p-type semiconductor layer.
- the semiconductor relay 410h is capable of bidirectional operation.
- a light receiving element having the first p-type semiconductor layer 36a and not having the second p-type semiconductor layer 136a can suppress leakage current when a voltage higher than that of the first electrode is applied to the second electrode 34.
- the light receiving element 430h a voltage higher than that of the first electrode is applied to the second electrode 34, and a voltage higher than that of the second electrode 34 is applied to the first electrode 33. In both cases, the leakage current can be suppressed by the effect of the depletion layer caused by the pn junction.
- FIG. 31 is a top view showing a specific example of the component layout of the semiconductor relay according to the ninth or tenth embodiment.
- the first electrode 33, the second electrode 34, the first wiring layer 433, the second wiring layer 434, the output pad 138, and the output pad 139 are illustrated, and the substrate 31, the semiconductor layer 32 and the first p-type semiconductor layer are not shown.
- the device region 32a in which the first electrode 33, the second electrode 34, and the like are formed is indicated by a one-dot chain line.
- the plurality of first electrodes 33 formed in the device region 32a have a long shape in the Y-axis direction and are arranged side by side in the X-axis direction.
- a first wiring layer 433 is formed above each of the plurality of first electrodes 33 via an insulating layer (not shown).
- Each of the plurality of first wiring layers 433 has a shape that is long in the Y-axis direction.
- one first wiring layer 433 covers one first electrode 33.
- One first electrode 33 is electrically connected to one first wiring layer 433 through a via hole (not shown) penetrating the insulating layer.
- the ends on the Y-axis side of the plurality of first wiring layers 433 are integrated to form an output pad 138.
- the output pad 138 has a shape that is long in the X-axis direction.
- the plurality of second electrodes 34 formed in the device region 32a have a shape that is long in the Y-axis direction and are arranged side by side in the X-axis direction.
- One second electrode 34 is disposed between one first electrode 33 and the other first electrode 33.
- a second wiring layer 434 is formed above each of the plurality of second electrodes 34 via an insulating layer (not shown).
- Each of the plurality of second wiring layers 434 has a shape that is long in the Y-axis direction.
- one second wiring layer 434 covers one second electrode 34.
- One second electrode 34 is electrically connected to one second wiring layer 434 through a via hole (not shown) penetrating the insulating layer.
- the ends on the Y axis + side of the plurality of second wiring layers 434 are integrated to form an output pad 139.
- the output pad 139 has a shape that is long in the X-axis direction.
- the first wiring layer 433, the second wiring layer 434, the output pad 138, and the output pad 139 are formed to a thickness of about 5 ⁇ m by, for example, plating. Thereby, the first wiring layer 433, the second wiring layer 434, the output pad 138, and the output pad 139 are reduced in resistance.
- FIG. 32 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the semiconductor relay according to the eleventh embodiment.
- FIG. 33 is a top view of the light receiving element provided in the semiconductor relay according to the eleventh embodiment. In the following, description will be made focusing on differences from the semiconductor relay 410.
- the first electrode 33 covering the first p-type semiconductor layer 36i is shown by a broken line.
- the semiconductor relay 410i includes a light emitting element 20 and a light receiving element 430i arranged to face the light emitting element 20.
- the semiconductor relay 410 i includes four terminals, that is, an input terminal 41, an input terminal 42, an output terminal 51, and an output terminal 52. That is, the semiconductor relay 410i is a four-terminal element.
- the semiconductor relay 410i is different from the semiconductor relay 410 in the arrangement of the first electrode 33 and the second electrode 34 in the light receiving element 430i.
- the first electrode 33 is formed in contact with the semiconductor layer 32 and the first p-type semiconductor layer 36 i so as to cover the first p-type semiconductor layer 36 i formed on the semiconductor layer 32 (semi-insulating InAlGaN layer). .
- the first electrode 33 is partially formed on the upper surface of the semiconductor layer 32.
- the second electrode 34 is formed on the lower surface (back surface) of the substrate 31 in contact with the substrate 31.
- the second electrode 34 is formed over the entire lower surface of the semiconductor layer 32.
- the first p-type semiconductor layer 36i is a plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37i1 arranged in a matrix and a p-type semiconductor portion surrounding the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37i1.
- a guard ring 37i2 is included.
- the first p-type semiconductor layer 36i included in the light receiving element 430i is the same as the first p-type semiconductor layer 36a included in the light receiving element 430a.
- the semiconductor layer 32 is sandwiched between the first electrode 33 and the second electrode 34 in the vertical direction.
- the substrate 31 is formed of a conductive material.
- the semiconductor relay 410i is a vertical device.
- the withstand voltage between the first electrode 33 and the second electrode 34 depends on the thickness of the semiconductor layer 32.
- the thickness of the semiconductor layer 32 is, for example, about 10 ⁇ m.
- the semiconductor relay configured as a horizontal device has a large chip area when high breakdown voltage is required, but the semiconductor relay 410i configured as a vertical device improves the breakdown voltage without increasing the chip area. Can do.
- the first electrode 33 and the second electrode 34 are formed of, for example, a Ti / Al material, but may be transparent electrodes formed of ITO. In the semiconductor relay 410i, a part of the light receiving region 35i is blocked by the first electrode 33. Therefore, if the first electrode 33 is a transparent electrode, an effect of increasing the effective area of the light receiving region 35i can be obtained. .
- the first electrode 33 when the first electrode 33 does not have translucency, the first electrode 33 is preferably formed in an annular shape (doughnut shape) having an opening in a plan view. Thereby, the semiconductor layer 32 can take in the light from the light emitting element 20 through the opening.
- the light receiving element 430i may include a floating guard ring in addition to the first p-type semiconductor layer 36i.
- 34A to 34F are diagrams showing other variations of the shape and arrangement of the p-type semiconductor (the first p-type semiconductor layer 36i and the floating guard ring) formed on the semiconductor layer 32 of the light receiving element 430i.
- the light receiving element 430i may include a floating guard ring 38i in addition to the first p-type semiconductor layer 36i.
- the floating guard ring 38 i included in the light receiving element 430 i surrounds only the first electrode 33 of the first electrode 33 and the second electrode 34.
- each of the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37i1 may be a hexagon, and the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37i1 may be arranged in a honeycomb shape. Further, the guard ring 37i2 may be hexagonal. When the p-type semiconductor is thus formed, the first electrode 33 may be formed in a hexagonal shape or a rectangular shape.
- each of the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37i1 has a line shape extending in the Y-axis direction, and the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37i1 are arranged side by side in the X-axis direction. May be.
- the first p-type semiconductor layer 36i includes a rectangular annular guard ring 37i2 surrounding the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37i1.
- Such a first p-type semiconductor layer 36i has a configuration similar to that of the first p-type semiconductor layer 36c.
- each of the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37i1 has a rectangular ring shape similar to that of the guard ring 37i2, and the one p-type semiconductor portion is disposed inside the one p-type semiconductor portion 37i1.
- a p-type semiconductor portion 37i1 smaller than 37i1 may be disposed. That is, the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37i1 may be arranged concentrically.
- Such a first p-type semiconductor layer 36i has the same configuration as the first p-type semiconductor layer 36d (shown in FIG. 25).
- each of the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37i1 and the guard ring 37i2 is annular, and the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37i1 and the guard ring 37i2 are concentrically formed. It may be arranged.
- the first electrode 33 is formed in a circular shape, for example.
- each of the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37i1 may be a square (or a rectangle) and may have a different size.
- the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37i1 are arranged in a matrix, but the sizes of the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37 are non-uniform, and the distance from the center of the first electrode 33 The farther the p-type semiconductor portion 37i1, the smaller the plan view shape. That is, the volume (size) of the p-type semiconductor portion 37 i 1 that is closer to the end of the first electrode 33 is smaller.
- the first p-type semiconductor layer covered with the first electrode 33 and the first electrode 33 The density of the first p-type semiconductor layer 36i (the ratio of the first p-type semiconductor layer 36i per unit volume of the first electrode portion) in the first electrode portion constituted by 36i (p-type semiconductor portion 37i1) is the first The portion closer to the end of the electrode 33 becomes lower.
- the first electrode 33 is applied when a high voltage is applied to the second electrode 34.
- the electric field tends to concentrate on the portion near the end. Since the depletion layer tends to extend in the portion where the electric field is concentrated, even if the distance between one p-type semiconductor portion 37i1 and the other p-type semiconductor portion 37i1 is large, the depletion layer generated by the pn junction causes the first electrode 33 to The portion in contact with the semiconductor layer 32 can be covered. Therefore, leakage current is suppressed.
- FIG. 34A to FIG. 34F are examples.
- the shape and arrangement of the p-type semiconductor formed on the semiconductor layer 32 are not particularly limited.
- the shape and arrangement of the p-type semiconductor of FIGS. 34A to 34F may be partially combined.
- the floating guard ring 38i may be added as appropriate.
- a structure for suppressing a leakage current other than that of the p-type semiconductor may be applied to a light receiving element configured as a vertical device such as the light receiving element 430i.
- FIG. 35 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light receiving element configured as a vertical device having another structure for suppressing leakage current.
- the semiconductor layer 32j included in the light receiving element 430j shown in FIG. 35 has a mesa structure 39j surrounding the first electrode 33 in plan view.
- the semiconductor layer 32g has a mesa structure 39j in which a region separated by about 5 ⁇ m or more from the floating guard ring 38i is lower than a region where the floating guard ring 38i is formed.
- Such a mesa structure 39j is formed by digging a region away from the floating guard ring 38i by about 5 ⁇ m or more by dry etching or the like.
- the leakage current is suppressed by removing the surface of the outer portion of the semiconductor layer 32j.
- the light receiving element 430j penetrates the insulating layer 431 formed above the first electrode 33 and the second electrode 34, the first wiring layer 433 formed on the insulating layer 431, and the insulating layer 431. And a first via hole 33a for electrically connecting the first electrode 33 and the first wiring layer 433.
- the insulating layer 431 is formed of a material such as SiO 2 or SiN, for example.
- the first wiring layer 433 is formed of a metal material.
- the first wiring layer 433 is formed thick, for example, with a material such as Au having a high conductivity.
- the first wiring layer 433 is formed so as to cover the first electrode 33. That is, in a plan view, the region where the first electrode 33 is formed is included in the region where the first wiring layer 433 is formed. Therefore, the end portion of the first wiring layer 433 is positioned outside the end portion of the first electrode 33 in plan view. Note that a portion of the first wiring layer 433 that is formed outside the end portion of the first electrode 33 is called a field plate.
- the end of the field plate of the first wiring layer 433 is located outside the mesa structure 39 in plan view.
- the end of the field plate of the first wiring layer 433 is separated from the floating guard ring 38i by a distance d5.
- the distance d5 is specifically about 20 ⁇ m.
- the leakage current is suppressed.
- FIG. 36 is a top view showing a specific example of the component layout of the semiconductor relay according to the eleventh embodiment. 36, the semiconductor layer 32, the first electrode 33, the first wiring layer 433, and the output pad 138 are illustrated, and the substrate 31, the second electrode 34, the first p-type semiconductor layer, and the like are illustrated. The illustration is omitted.
- the planar view shape of the first electrode 33 formed on the semiconductor layer 32 is a shape in which a part of a rectangular shape is opened.
- the openings formed in the first electrode 33 are openings for irradiating the semiconductor layer 32 with light from the light emitting element 20 and are formed in three places.
- a first wiring layer 433 is formed above the first electrode 33 via an insulating layer (not shown).
- the first wiring layer 433 has a shape in which a part of a rectangular shape is opened corresponding to the first electrode 33, and covers the first electrode 33.
- the first electrode 33 is electrically connected to the first wiring layer 433 through a via hole (not shown) that penetrates the insulating layer.
- the first wiring layer 433 is longer on the Y axis + side than the first electrode 33. In other words, the first wiring layer 433 is drawn out to the Y axis + side.
- the first wiring layer 433 is integrated at the end on the Y axis + side to form an output pad 138.
- the output pad 138 has a shape that is long in the X-axis direction.
- the first p-type semiconductor layer 36i (including the guard ring 37i2) is formed on the semiconductor layer 32, and the first electrode 33 is the first p-type semiconductor layer 36i. Among them, the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions 37i1 are covered.
- the guard ring 37i2 is formed so as to border the first electrode 33, and the first electrode 33 covers a part of the guard ring 37i2.
- a semiconductor relay includes a light emitting element and a light receiving element disposed to face the light emitting element, and the light receiving element is formed on a substrate and on the substrate, and is semi-insulating.
- a first transition type semiconductor layer formed on the semiconductor layer, and a first electrode electrically connected to the semiconductor layer, the semiconductor layer and the first p
- a first electrode formed in contact with the type semiconductor layer, and a second electrode electrically connected to the semiconductor layer, wherein at least part of the semiconductor electrode is located away from the first electrode.
- a second electrode formed in contact with any one of the layer and the substrate, and the semiconductor layer has low resistance by absorbing light from the light emitting element.
- the first p-type semiconductor layer is divided into a plurality of p-type semiconductor portions, and the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions includes a p-type semiconductor portion covered with the first electrode, and the first p-type semiconductor portion. And a p-type semiconductor part partially exposed from the end of one electrode.
- the light receiving element further includes a guard ring formed of a p-type semiconductor surrounding the first electrode in a state of being separated from the first electrode on the semiconductor layer.
- the first electrode and the second electrode are formed on the semiconductor layer, and at least a part of the first p-type semiconductor layer is covered with the first electrode, and the first electrode
- the density of the first p-type semiconductor layer in the first electrode portion constituted by the electrode and the first p-type semiconductor layer covered with the first electrode is lower as the portion is closer to the second electrode.
- the electric field tends to concentrate on a portion of the first electrode close to the second electrode to which a high voltage is applied, and the depletion layer tends to extend in the portion, so that the leakage current is reduced by this depletion layer. Is done.
- the light receiving element further includes a second p-type semiconductor layer formed on the semiconductor layer, and the second electrode is formed in contact with the semiconductor layer and the second p-type semiconductor layer.
- the second p-type semiconductor layer is divided into a plurality of p-type semiconductor portions, and the plurality of p-type semiconductor portions includes a p-type semiconductor portion covered with the second electrode, And a p-type semiconductor part partially exposed from the end of the two electrodes.
- the first electrode and the second electrode are formed on the semiconductor layer, and the semiconductor layer surrounds the first electrode and the second electrode in plan view.
- the leakage current of the semiconductor relay configured as a horizontal device can be reduced by the mesa structure.
- the first electrode and the second electrode are formed on the semiconductor layer
- the light receiving element includes an insulating layer formed above the first electrode and the second electrode; A first wiring layer and a second wiring layer formed on the insulating layer, and a first electrode that penetrates the insulating layer and electrically connects the first electrode and the first wiring layer.
- the leakage current of the semiconductor relay configured as a horizontal device can be reduced by a so-called field plate.
- the first electrode has one end near the second electrode and the other end different from the one end
- the second electrode has one end near the first electrode and the one end.
- the first wiring layer has one end near the second electrode and the other end different from the one end
- the second wiring layer includes the first wiring layer One end of the first electrode and the other end different from the one end, and in plan view, the distance from the one end of the first electrode to the one end of the first wiring layer is the first
- the distance from the other end of the second electrode to the other end of the first wiring layer is shorter than the distance from one end of the second electrode to the one end of the second wiring layer in plan view. The distance from the other end of the second electrode to the other end of the second wiring layer is shorter.
- the leakage current of the semiconductor relay configured as a horizontal device can be reduced by a so-called field plate.
- the semiconductor layer has a mesa structure that surrounds the first electrode and the second electrode in a plan view
- the first wiring layer includes one end near the second electrode and the mesa structure.
- the second wiring layer has one end near the first electrode and the other end different from the one end, and the first wiring in a plan view.
- the other end of the layer and the other end of the second wiring layer are located outside the mesa structure.
- the leakage current of the semiconductor relay configured as a horizontal device can be reduced by the mesa structure and the field plate.
- the second electrode is formed on a lower surface of the substrate, at least a part of the first p-type semiconductor layer is covered with the first electrode, and the first electrode and the first electrode are covered.
- the density of the first p-type semiconductor layer in the first electrode portion constituted by the broken first p-type semiconductor layer becomes lower as the end portion of the first electrode is closer.
- the second electrode is formed on the lower surface of the substrate, and the semiconductor layer has a mesa structure surrounding the first electrode in plan view.
- the leakage current of the semiconductor relay configured as a vertical device can be reduced by the mesa structure.
- the second electrode is formed on a lower surface of the substrate, and the light receiving element includes an insulating layer formed above the first electrode, a wiring formed on the insulating layer, and the insulation A via hole that penetrates the layer and electrically connects the first electrode and the wiring, and the end of the wiring is positioned outside the end of the first electrode in plan view. To do.
- the leakage current of the semiconductor relay configured as a vertical device can be reduced by a so-called field plate.
- the second electrode is formed on a lower surface of the substrate, and the semiconductor layer has a mesa structure surrounding the first electrode in a plan view, and is formed above the first electrode.
- a wiring layer formed on the insulating layer, and a via hole that penetrates the insulating layer and electrically connects the first electrode and the wiring layer. The end of is located outside the mesa structure.
- the leakage current of the semiconductor relay configured as a vertical device can be reduced by the mesa structure and the field plate.
- the first electrode and the second electrode are transparent electrodes.
- the light emitting element and the semiconductor layer are formed of a nitride semiconductor.
- Such a semiconductor relay can operate at a high voltage because a nitride semiconductor having a larger band gap than that of Si used for a general semiconductor relay is used for the semiconductor layer.
- the light emitting element and the semiconductor layer are formed of InAlGaN which is the nitride semiconductor.
- Such a semiconductor relay can operate at a high voltage because InAlGaN having a band gap larger than that of Si used for a general semiconductor relay is used for the semiconductor layer.
- the semiconductor layer includes an acceptor-type first impurity and a donor-type second impurity whose ionization energy is lower than that of the first impurity and whose concentration is lower than that of the first impurity.
- a trap level having an activation energy larger than the sum of the ionization energy of the first impurity and the ionization energy of the second impurity is formed.
- the semiconductor layer can have a low resistance when receiving light from the light emitting element.
- the concentration obtained by subtracting the concentration of the second impurity from the concentration of the first impurity is 1E16 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 1E18 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the semiconductor relay can perform an effective and efficient relay operation.
- FIG. 37 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a first configuration of the semiconductor relay according to the twelfth embodiment.
- the description will be focused on the differences from the semiconductor relay 10c according to the second embodiment, and description of the matters already described will be omitted as appropriate.
- a semiconductor relay 510 shown in FIG. 37 includes a light emitting element 20 and a light receiving element 530 disposed to face the light emitting element 20.
- the semiconductor relay 510 includes four terminals: an input terminal 41, an input terminal 42, an output terminal 51, and an output terminal 52. That is, the semiconductor relay 410i is a four-terminal element.
- the light receiving element 530 includes a substrate 31, a semiconductor layer 532, a first electrode 33z, and a second electrode 34z.
- the light receiving element 530 is a vertical device similar to the light receiving element 30c and the like, the first electrode 33z is formed on the semiconductor layer 32, and the second electrode 34z is formed on the lower surface of the substrate 31 and on the substrate 31. Formed in contact.
- the semiconductor layer 532 included in the light receiving element 530 includes a first semiconductor layer 532a and a second semiconductor layer 532b.
- the first semiconductor layer 532a is formed on the substrate 31, and the second semiconductor layer 532b is formed on the first semiconductor layer 532a.
- the impurity concentration in the second semiconductor layer 532b is higher than the impurity concentration in the first semiconductor layer 532a. That is, the impurity concentration is higher on the upper surface side (first electrode 33 z side) of the semiconductor layer 532.
- the first semiconductor layer 532a when the light receiving element 530 is irradiated with light, the first semiconductor layer 532a also has a sufficiently low resistance, so that current flows easily. As a result, it is possible to realize the light receiving element 530 that can obtain a high on / off ratio.
- the semiconductor layer 532 has a two-layer structure, but may have a stacked structure of three or more layers. Also in this case, if the impurity concentration is higher on the upper surface side, the effect of suppressing the leakage current can be obtained.
- FIG. 38 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a second configuration of the semiconductor relay according to the twelfth embodiment.
- a semiconductor relay 510a shown in FIG. 38 has a stacked structure similar to that of the semiconductor relay 10c according to the second embodiment.
- the semiconductor layer 532c is a single layer, but the impurity concentration in the semiconductor layer 532 is biased. Specifically, in the semiconductor layer 532c, the impurity concentration is higher toward the upper surface side. Note that a single layer means that, for example, an interface perpendicular to the stacking direction is not formed in the semiconductor layer 532c.
- the impurity concentration in the portion in contact with the first electrode 33z only needs to be relatively high. That is, the semiconductor layer 532c may include a region having a lower impurity concentration than the portion in contact with the first electrode 33z below the portion in contact with the first electrode 33z.
- the resistance on the upper surface side portion of the semiconductor layer 532c is also sufficiently low, and current flows easily. As a result, it is possible to realize the light receiving element 530a capable of obtaining a high on / off ratio.
- the uneven impurity concentration in the semiconductor layer 532c is realized, for example, by changing the temperature of the substrate 31 during crystal growth of the semiconductor layer 532c.
- the uneven impurity concentration in the semiconductor layer 532c may be realized by a process such as impurity implantation or diffusion.
- the laminated structure shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of the above embodiment is an example, and the present disclosure is not limited to the laminated structure. That is, the present disclosure also includes a stacked structure that can realize the characteristic functions of the present disclosure as in the above-described stacked structure. For example, another layer may be provided between the layers of the stacked structure as long as the same function as the stacked structure can be realized.
- each layer of the stacked structure includes other materials as long as the same function as the stacked structure can be realized. Also good.
- the embodiment can be realized by variously conceiving various modifications to those embodiments, or by arbitrarily combining the components and functions in the embodiments without departing from the gist of the present disclosure.
- This form is also included in the present disclosure.
- the present disclosure may be realized as an integrated circuit having the semiconductor relay.
- the semiconductor relay of the present disclosure is useful as a power device used for a power circuit of a consumer device.
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Abstract
Description
リレーは、外部から受けた信号に従って電気回路のオン状態とオフ状態を切り替える部品である。リレーは、機械的に電気回路の接点を開閉するメカニカルリレーと、半導体が用いられた半導体リレーに大きく分類することができる。リレーは、家電などの民生機器、産業用機器、及び医療用機器などに広範に用いられている。
[構成]
まず、実施の形態1に係る半導体リレーの構成について説明する。図3は、実施の形態1に係る半導体リレーの模式断面図である。
続いて、半導体層32の詳細構成について説明する。半導体層32(半絶縁性のInAlGaN層)には、深いアクセプター準位を形成するアクセプター型の第1不純物と、ドナー型の第2不純物とがドープされている。アクセプター型の第1不純物は、例えば、Fe(鉄)またはC(炭素)であり、ドナー型の第2不純物は、例えば、Si(ケイ素)またはO(酸素)などである。
次に、半導体リレー10の動作について説明する。入力端子41及び入力端子42の間の電圧が0V、つまり、入力端子41及び入力端子42の間に電圧が印加されない場合、発光素子20は、発光しない状態(消灯状態)となる。この状態においては、半導体層32は、非常に高抵抗であり、出力端子51及び出力端子52の間には電流は流れにくい。
以上説明したように、半導体リレー10が備える受光素子30は、半導体層32の導電率が、半導体層32のバンドギャップ以上のエネルギーを有する光が照射されることにより変化する。
次に、実施の形態1の変形例1に係る半導体リレーの構成について説明する。図4は、実施の形態1の変形例1に係る半導体リレーの模式断面図である。なお、以下では、半導体リレー10との相違点を中心に説明が行われる。
次に、実施の形態1の変形例2に係る半導体リレーの構成について説明する。図5は、実施の形態1の変形例2に係る半導体リレーの模式断面図である。なお、以下では、半導体リレー10aとの相違点を中心に説明が行われる。
次に、実施の形態2に係る半導体リレーの構成について説明する。図6は、実施の形態2に係る半導体リレーの模式断面図である。なお、以下では、半導体リレー10との相違点を中心に説明が行われる。
次に、実施の形態2の変形例1に係る半導体リレーの構成について説明する。図7は、実施の形態2の変形例1に係る半導体リレーの模式断面図である。なお、以下では、半導体リレー10cとの相違点を中心に説明が行われる。
次に、実施の形態2の変形例2に係る半導体リレーの構成について説明する。図8は、実施の形態2の変形例2に係る半導体リレーの模式断面図である。なお、以下では、半導体リレー10dとの相違点を中心に説明が行われる。
本開示の一態様に係る半導体リレーは、発光素子と、前記発光素子に対向して配置された受光素子とを備え、前記受光素子は、基板と、前記基板上に形成された、半絶縁性を有する直接遷移型の半導体層と、前記半導体層に電気的に接続された第1の電極であって、少なくとも一部が前記半導体層に接して形成された第1の電極と、前記半導体層に電気的に接続された第2の電極であって、前記第1の電極から離れた位置に、少なくとも一部が前記半導体層及び前記基板のいずれかと接して形成された第2の電極とを有し、前記半導体層は、前記発光素子からの光を吸収することで低抵抗化する。
[構成]
まず、実施の形態3に係る半導体リレーの構成について説明する。図9は、実施の形態3に係る半導体リレーの模式断面図である。
次に、半導体リレー110の動作について説明する。第3の電極123及び第4の電極124の間にpn接合に対して順バイアスとなる電圧が印加されると、発光素子120は、発光(点灯)する。
次に、半導体リレー110の製造方法について説明する。図10は、半導体リレー110の製造方法のフローチャートである。図11A及び図11Bは、半導体リレー110の製造方法を説明するための模式断面図である。
一般的な半導体リレーは、発光素子、光電変換素子、及び、スイッチング素子の少なくとも3つの素子を備え、素子数が多いことから小型化が難しい。また、一般的な半導体リレーでは、各素子間において絶縁性を保たなければならないため、素子を離間して配置したり、素子間へ絶縁体を挿入したりする必要がある。
[構成]
以下、実施の形態3の変形例1に係る半導体リレーについて説明する。図12は、実施の形態3の変形例1に係る半導体リレーの構成を示す模式断面図である。なお、変形例1では、半導体リレー110との相違点を中心に説明が行われ、半導体リレー110と実質的に同一の機能を有する構成要素については形状等が異なる場合も同一の符号が付される場合がある。
次に、半導体リレー110aの製造方法について説明する。半導体リレー110aの製造においては、基板131上に半導体層132が形成された後、半導体層132の上面(表面)の一部がエッチングされることにより凹部が形成される。
半導体リレー110aのように、受光素子130aが備える半導体層132に凹部が形成されることで、発光素子120aからの光を受ける受光領域の面積が拡大するため、効率が向上する。また、第1の電極133と第2の電極134との間の実質的な距離が長くなるため、半導体リレー110aの耐圧が向上する。高い耐圧を有する半導体リレーを作製する際には、半導体リレー110aのような構造が採用されることにより、半導体リレーのサイズを縮小することが可能となる。
[構成]
以下、実施の形態3の変形例2に係る半導体リレーについて説明する。図13は、実施の形態3の変形例2に係る半導体リレーの構成を示す模式断面図である。なお、変形例2では、半導体リレー110との相違点を中心に説明が行われ、半導体リレー110と実質的に同一の機能を有する構成要素については形状等が異なる場合も同一の符号が付される場合がある。
次に、半導体リレー110bの製造方法について説明する。半導体リレー110bの製造においては、基板131上に半導体層132が形成され、基板131の下面に絶縁層140が形成され、絶縁層140の下面にn-GaN層122が形成され、n-GaN層122の下面にp-GaN層121が形成される。
半導体リレー110のように、発光素子120が、第1の電極133及び第2の電極134と同一の面(半導体層132の上面)に形成される場合、発光素子120の寸法、及び、発光素子と電極との間隔など、設計にある程度の制限が生じる場合がある。
[構成]
以下、実施の形態3の変形例3に係る半導体リレーについて説明する。図14は、実施の形態3の変形例3に係る半導体リレーの構成を示す模式断面図である。なお、変形例3では、半導体リレー110bとの相違点を中心に説明が行われ、半導体リレー110bと実質的に同一の機能を有する構成要素については形状等が異なる場合も同一の符号が付される場合がある。
半導体リレー110cのように、受光素子130cが備える半導体層132に凹部135cが形成されることで、第1の電極133と第2の電極134との間の実質的な距離が長くなる。これにより、半導体リレー110cは、半導体リレー110bよりも耐圧が向上されている。高い耐圧を有する半導体リレーを作製する際には、半導体リレー110cのような構造が採用されることにより、半導体リレーのサイズを縮小することが可能となる。
[構成]
以下、実施の形態4に係る半導体リレーについて説明する。図15は、実施の形態4に係る半導体リレーの構成を示す模式断面図である。なお、実施の形態4では、半導体リレー110との相違点を中心に説明が行われ、半導体リレー110と実質的に同一の機能を有する構成要素については形状等が異なる場合も同一の符号が付される場合がある。
次に、半導体リレー110dの製造方法について説明する。半導体リレー110dの製造においては、基板131上に半導体層132が形成され、半導体層132上に絶縁層140が形成され、絶縁層140上にn-GaN層122が形成され、n-GaN層122上にp-GaN層121が形成される。
半導体リレー110dにおいては、受光素子130dにおいて電流が基板131の厚み方向に流れる。このため、半導体リレー110dは、高耐圧化を図ること、及び、大電流化を図ることが容易となる。受光素子130dのような、いわゆる縦型デバイスにおいては、耐圧は、半導体層132の厚みによって決まる。このため、半導体リレー110dは、同じ耐圧を有する横型デバイス構造の半導体リレー110に比べて寸法を小さくすることができる。
[構成]
以下、実施の形態4の変形例に係る半導体リレーについて説明する。図16は、実施の形態4の変形例に係る半導体リレーの構成を示す模式断面図である。なお、変形例では、半導体リレー110dとの相違点を中心に説明が行われ、半導体リレー110dと実質的に同一の機能を有する構成要素については形状等が異なる場合も同一の符号が付される場合がある。
次に、半導体リレー110eの製造方法について説明する。半導体リレー110eの製造においては、基板131上に半導体層132が形成され、形成された半導体層132が凸部136eを有する形状に加工される。加工された半導体層132上に絶縁層140が形成され、絶縁層140上にn-GaN層122が形成され、n-GaN層122上にp-GaN層121が形成される。
半導体リレー110eにおいて、発光素子120eは、第1の電極133の直下の領域(凸部136e)に効率よく光を照射することができる。
[構成]
以下、実施の形態5に係る半導体リレーについて説明する。図17は、実施の形態5に係る半導体リレーの構成を示す模式断面図である。なお、実施の形態5では、半導体リレー110との相違点を中心に説明が行われ、半導体リレー110と実質的に同一の機能を有する構成要素については形状等が異なる場合も同一の符号が付される場合がある。
次に、半導体リレー110fの製造方法について説明する。半導体リレー110fの製造においては、基板131上に半導体層132が形成され、半導体層132上に絶縁層140が形成され、絶縁層140上にn-GaN層122が形成され、n-GaN層122上にp-GaN層121が形成される。
半導体リレー110fにおいては、受光素子130fにおいて電流が基板131の厚み方向に流れる。このため、半導体リレー110fは、高耐圧化を図ること、及び、大電流化を図ることが容易となる。なお、耐圧は、半導体層132の厚みを大きくすることによって向上される。
なお、上記実施の形態3~5で説明された半導体リレーのうち、特に、半導体層132上に第1の電極133及び第2の電極134の少なくとも一方の電極が形成されている半導体リレーにおいては、電極によって発光素子からの光が遮られるために、半導体層132のうち、電極と接触する部分が低抵抗化しにくい場合がある。つまり、接触抵抗(コンタクト抵抗)が大きくなってしまう場合がある。
本開示の一態様に係る半導体リレーは、発光素子と、前記発光素子に積層された受光素子とを備え、前記受光素子は、基板と、前記基板上に形成された、半絶縁性を有する半導体層と、前記半導体層と電気的に接続された2つの電極とを有し、前記半導体層は、前記発光素子からの光を吸収することによって絶縁性から導電性に切り替わる。
[構成]
まず、実施の形態7に係る半導体リレーの構成について説明する。図18は、実施の形態7に係る半導体リレーの構成を示す模式断面図である。
さらに、受光素子230の半導体層232に、例えばバンドギャップエネルギーの大きなGaNを用いる場合、発光素子220の活性層222のバンドギャップエネルギーはGaNよりも大きくする必要がある。言い換えると、発光素子220を駆動させる電圧を大きくする必要があり、消費電力が大きくなってしまう。
[構成]
以下、実施の形態8に係る半導体リレーについて説明する。図19は、実施の形態8に係る半導体リレーの構成を示す模式断面図である。なお、実施の形態8では、半導体リレー210との相違点を中心に説明が行われ、半導体リレー210と実質的に同一の機能を有する構成要素については形状等が異なる場合も同一の符号が付される場合がある。まず、実施の形態8に係る半導体リレーの構成について説明する。図19は、実施の形態8に係る半導体リレーの模式断面図である。
半導体リレー310においては、受光素子330において電流が基板331の厚み方向に流れる。このため、半導体リレー310は、高耐圧化を図ること、及び、大電流化を図ることが容易となる。受光素子330のような、いわゆる縦型デバイスにおいては、耐圧は、半導体層332の厚みによって決まる。このため、半導体リレー310は、同じ耐圧を有する横型デバイス構造の半導体リレー210に比べて寸法を小さくすることができる。
本開示の一態様に係る半導体リレーは、活性層を有する発光素子と、前記発光素子に積層された受光素子とを備え、前記受光素子は、基板と、前記基板上に形成された、半絶縁性を有する半導体層と、前記半導体層と電気的に接続された2つの電極とを有し、前記半導体層は、前記発光素子からの光を吸収することによって絶縁性から導電性に切り替わる。
[構成]
まず、実施の形態9に係る半導体リレーの構成について説明する。図20は、実施の形態9に係る半導体リレーの模式断面図である。図21は、実施の形態9に係る半導体リレーが備える受光素子の上面図である。なお、図21では、複数のp型半導体部37(第1p型半導体層36)の形状及び配置を示すために、複数のp型半導体部37を覆う第1の電極33が破線で図示されている。
次に、第1p型半導体層36によって得られる効果について説明する。半導体リレー410においては、発光素子20が消灯しているとき(受光素子430のオフ状態)には第1p型半導体層36と半導体層32のpn接合に対して逆方向電圧が印加され、第1p型半導体層36から空乏層が広がる。これにより、第1の電極33にかかる電界、及び、第2の電極34にかかる電界を緩和することができる。このため、受光素子430aの耐圧を向上させることができる。また、上記空乏層によって、リーク電流を低減させることができる。
[実施の形態10に係る第1p型半導体層の形状]
上記実施の形態9において、第1p型半導体層36は、複数のp型半導体部37がマトリクス状に配置されることによって形成された。しかしながら、第1p型半導体層36の形状(複数のp型半導体部37の配置)については、特に限定されない。
なお、ガードリング37aに囲まれる領域における、複数のp型半導体部37の形状及び配置については、様々なバリエーションが考えられる。図24~図27は、複数のp型半導体部の形状及び配置の他のバリエーションを示す図である。なお、図24~図27は、受光素子の上面図である。
上述した受光素子430、30a~30eは、さらに、半導体層32上に、第1の電極33と離れた状態で第1の電極33を囲む、p型半導体によって形成されたフローティングガードリングを有してもよい。図28は、フローティングガードリングを有する受光素子の上面図である。
次に、リーク電流を抑制するための他の構造について説明する。図29は、リーク電流を抑制するための他の構造を有する受光素子の模式断面図である。
上記実施の形態9及び10では、第1の電極33の下部にのみp型半導体層が配置されたが、p型半導体層は、第2の電極34の下部にも配置されてもよい。図30は、実施の形態10の変形例に係る半導体リレーの模式断面図である。
上記実施の形態9または10で説明された半導体リレーにおける、具体的な部品レイアウトの例について説明する。図31は、実施の形態9または10に係る半導体リレーの部品レイアウトの具体例を示す上面図である。なお、図31では、第1の電極33、第2の電極34、第1の配線層433、第2の配線層434、出力パッド138、及び、出力パッド139が図示され、基板31、半導体層32、及び、第1p型半導体層の図示は省略されている。半導体層32のうち、第1の電極33及び第2の電極34などが形成されるデバイス領域32aについては、一点鎖線で図示されている。
次に、実施の形態11に係る半導体リレーの構成について説明する。図32は、実施の形態11に係る半導体リレーの模式断面図である。図33は、実施の形態11に係る半導体リレーが備える受光素子の上面図である。なお、以下では、半導体リレー410との相違点を中心に説明が行われる。なお、図33では、第1p型半導体層36iの形状及び配置を示すために、第1p型半導体層36iを覆う第1の電極33が破線で図示されている。
実施の形態10と同様に、受光素子430iが有する第1p型半導体層36iの形状及び配置についても、様々なバリエーションが考えられる。また、受光素子430iは、第1p型半導体層36iに加えて、フローティングガードリングを有してもよい。図34A~図34Fは、受光素子430iの半導体層32上に形成されるp型半導体(第1p型半導体層36i及びフローティングガードリング)の形状及び配置の他のバリエーションを示す図である。
受光素子430iのような縦型デバイスとして構成された受光素子に、p型半導体以外のリーク電流を抑制するための構造が適用されてもよい。図35は、リーク電流を抑制するための他の構造を有する、縦型デバイスとして構成された受光素子の模式断面図である。
上記実施の形態11に係る半導体リレーの具体的な部品レイアウトについて説明する。図36は、実施の形態11に係る半導体リレーの部品レイアウトの具体例を示す上面図である。なお、図36では、半導体層32、第1の電極33、第1の配線層433、及び、出力パッド138が図示され、基板31、第2の電極34、及び、第1p型半導体層等の図示は省略されている。
本開示の一態様に係る半導体リレーは、発光素子と、前記発光素子に対向して配置された受光素子とを備え、前記受光素子は、基板と、前記基板上に形成された、半絶縁性を有する直接遷移型の半導体層と、前記半導体層上に形成された第1p型半導体層と、前記半導体層に電気的に接続された第1の電極であって、前記半導体層及び前記第1p型半導体層に接して形成された第1の電極と、前記半導体層に電気的に接続された第2の電極であって、前記第1の電極から離れた位置に、少なくとも一部が前記半導体層及び前記基板のいずれかと接して形成された第2の電極とを有し、前記半導体層は、前記発光素子からの光を吸収することで低抵抗化する。
半導体リレーが縦型デバイスである場合、リーク電流は、半導体層内の不純物濃度を縦方向(言い換えれば、積層方向)において片寄らせることによっても抑制可能である。実施の形態12では、このような半導体層を備える半導体リレーについて説明する。図37は、実施の形態12に係る半導体リレーの第1構成を示す模式断面図である。なお、以下の実施の形態12では、実施の形態2に係る半導体リレー10cとの相違点を中心に説明が行われ、既出事項の説明については適宜省略される。
以上、一つまたは複数の態様に係る半導体リレーについて、実施の形態に基づいて説明したが、本開示は、この実施の形態に限定されるものではない。
20、120、120a、120b、120c、120d、120e、120f、220、320、1103 発光素子
30、30a、30b、30c、30d、30e、130、130a、130b、130c、130d、130e、130f、230、330、430、430a、430b、430c、430d、430e、430f、430g、430h、430i、430j、530、530a 受光素子
31、131、231、331、1102 基板
32、32g、32j、132、232、332、532、532c 半導体層
32a デバイス領域
33、33z、133、233、333 第1の電極
33a 第1のビアホール
33b、433b 一端部
33c、433c 他端部
34、34z、134、234、334 第2の電極
34a 第2のビアホール
35、35b、35c、35e、35i 受光領域
36、36a、36b、36c、36d、36e、36i 第1p型半導体層
36x、36y、36z p型の半導体層
37、37b、37c、37d、37e、37i1、137 p型半導体部
37a、37i2、137a ガードリング
38、38i フローティングガードリング
39、39j メサ構造
41、42 入力端子
51、52、2151、2152 出力端子
121、224、324 p-GaN層
122 n-GaN層
123、225、325 第3の電極
124、226、326 第4の電極
135c 凹部
136a 第2p型半導体層
136e 凸部
137e 第1の面
138、139 出力パッド
138e 第2の面
139e 傾斜面
140、240、340 絶縁層
221、321 n-AlGaN層
222、322 活性層
223、323 p-AlGaN層
431 絶縁層
433 第1の配線層
434 第2の配線層
532a 第1半導体層
532b 第2半導体層
1103a、1104a アノード電極
1103b、1104b カソード電極
1104 光電変換素子
1105 スイッチング素子
1105a ゲート電極
1105b ソース電極
1105c ドレイン電極
2101 発光ダイオード
2102 フォトダイオードアレイ
2103 制御回路
2111 電流制限回路
2141、2142 MOSFET
Claims (48)
- 発光素子と、
前記発光素子に対向して配置された受光素子とを備え、
前記受光素子は、
基板と、
前記基板上に形成された、半絶縁性を有する直接遷移型の半導体層と、
前記半導体層に電気的に接続された第1の電極であって、少なくとも一部が前記半導体層に接して形成された第1の電極と、
前記半導体層に電気的に接続された第2の電極であって、前記第1の電極から離れた位置に、少なくとも一部が前記半導体層及び前記基板のいずれかと接して形成された第2の電極とを有し、
前記半導体層は、前記発光素子からの光を吸収することで低抵抗化する
半導体リレー。 - 前記発光素子及び前記半導体層は、窒化物半導体によって形成される
請求項1に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記発光素子及び前記半導体層は、前記窒化物半導体であるInAlGaNによって形成される
請求項2に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記半導体層は、
アクセプター型の第1不純物と、
イオン化エネルギーが前記第1不純物よりも小さく、かつ、濃度が前記第1不純物よりも低いドナー型の第2不純物とを含み、
前記半導体層には、前記第1不純物のイオン化エネルギーと前記第2不純物のイオン化エネルギーの和よりも大きな活性化エネルギーを有するトラップ準位が形成されている
請求項2または3に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記第1不純物の濃度から前記第2不純物の濃度を差し引いた濃度は、1E16cm-3以上1E18cm-3以下である
請求項4に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記半導体層は、前記発光素子からの光を受ける受光領域を有し、
前記受光領域は、凹凸構造を有する
請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記第1の電極は、前記半導体層上に、少なくとも一部が前記半導体層に接して形成され、
前記第2の電極は、前記半導体層上の前記第1の電極から離れた位置に、少なくとも一部が前記半導体層に接して形成される
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記第1の電極は、前記半導体層上に、少なくとも一部が前記半導体層に接して形成され、
前記第2の電極は、前記基板の下面に、少なくとも一部が前記基板に接して形成される
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記受光素子は、前記発光素子に積層される
請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - さらに、前記発光素子と前記受光素子との間に形成された、透光性を有する絶縁層を備える
請求項9に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記絶縁層は、1E17cm-3以上のC濃度を有する窒化物半導体によって形成されている
請求項10に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記絶縁層は、p型半導体層及びn型半導体が交互に少なくとも3層以上積層された構造を有する
請求項10または11に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記第1の電極及び前記第2の電極は、前記半導体層上に形成され、
前記発光素子は、前記半導体層の上方に形成されている
請求項9~12のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記第1の電極及び前記第2の電極は、前記半導体層上に形成され、
前記発光素子は、前記半導体層の下方に形成され、
前記絶縁層は、前記基板の下面と、前記発光素子との間に形成されている
請求項10~12のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記基板は、透光性及び絶縁性を有する
請求項14に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記第1の電極及び前記第2の電極は、前記半導体層上に形成され、
前記半導体層の、平面視における前記第1の電極及び前記第2の電極の間の領域には、凹部が形成されている
請求項9~15のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記半導体層の、平面視における前記第1の電極及び前記第2の電極の間の領域には、凹部が形成されており、
前記発光素子は、前記凹部に形成され、前記凹部に沿う形状を有する
請求項13に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記第1の電極は、前記半導体層上に形成され、
前記第2の電極は、前記基板の下面に形成され、
前記発光素子は、前記絶縁層上に形成されている
請求項10~12のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記半導体層の上面は、第1の面と、前記第1の面よりも上方に位置する第2の面と、前記第1の面及び前記第2の面の間の傾斜面とを含み、
前記第1の電極は、前記第2の面に形成され、
前記発光素子及び前記絶縁層は、前記傾斜面に沿って形成されている
請求項18に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記半導体層、及び、前記第1の電極は、前記基板上に形成され、
前記第2の電極は、前記半導体層上に形成されている
請求項9~12のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記半導体層は、窒化物半導体によって形成されている
請求項9~20のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記半導体層は、前記窒化物半導体であるAlGaNによって形成されている
請求項21に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記第1の電極及び前記第2の電極の少なくとも一方の電極は、前記半導体層上に形成され、
前記半導体層において、前記少なくとも一方の電極の下方の領域には、他の領域よりも高い濃度のキャリアがドープされている
請求項9~22のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記第1の電極及び前記第2の電極の少なくとも一方の電極は、透明電極である
請求項9~23のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記発光素子は、p型の窒化物半導体とn型の窒化物半導体との接合によって形成され、
前記半導体リレーは、さらに、
前記p型の窒化物半導体に電気的に接続された第3の電極と、
前記n型の窒化物半導体に電気的に接続された第4の電極とを備える
請求項9~24のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記基板は、窒化物半導体によって形成されている
請求項9~25のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記発光素子は、活性層を有する
請求項9に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記活性層のバンドギャップエネルギーは、前記半導体層のバンドギャップエネルギー よりも大きい
請求項27に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記活性層は、InGaNによって形成されている
請求項27または28に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記半導体層は、InGaNによって形成されている
請求項27~29のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - さらに、前記発光素子と前記受光素子との間に形成された、透光性を有する絶縁層を備える
請求項27~30のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記第1の電極、及び、前記絶縁層は、前記半導体層上に形成され、
前記第2の電極は、前記基板の下面に形成され、
前記発光素子は、前記絶縁層上に形成されている
請求項31に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記絶縁層は、少なくともAlを含む窒化物半導体によって形成されている
請求項31または32に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記半導体層上に形成された第1p型半導体層を備え、
前記第1の電極は、前記半導体層及び前記第1p型半導体層に接して形成される
請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記第1p型半導体層は、複数のp型半導体部に分かれて形成され、
前記複数のp型半導体部には、前記第1の電極に覆われているp型半導体部と、前記第1の電極の端部から一部が露出しているp型半導体部とが含まれる
請求項34に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記受光素子は、さらに、前記半導体層上に、前記第1の電極と離れた状態で前記第1の電極を囲む、p型半導体によって形成されたガードリングを有する
請求項34または35に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記第1の電極、及び、前記第2の電極は、前記半導体層上に形成され、
前記第1p型半導体層の少なくとも一部は、前記第1の電極に覆われ、
前記第1の電極及び前記第1の電極に覆われた前記第1p型半導体層によって構成される第1電極部における、前記第1p型半導体層の密度は、前記第2の電極に近い部分ほど低くなる
請求項34~36のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記受光素子は、さらに、前記半導体層上に形成された第2p型半導体層を備え、
前記第2の電極は、前記半導体層及び前記第2p型半導体層に接して形成される
請求項34~37のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記第2p型半導体層は、複数のp型半導体部に分かれて形成され、
前記複数のp型半導体部には、前記第2の電極に覆われているp型半導体部と、前記第2の電極の端部から一部が露出しているp型半導体部とが含まれる
請求項38に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記第1の電極、及び、前記第2の電極は、前記半導体層上に形成され、
前記半導体層は、平面視において前記第1の電極、及び、前記第2の電極を囲むメサ構造を有する
請求項34~39のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記第1の電極、及び、前記第2の電極は、前記半導体層上に形成され、
前記受光素子は、
前記第1の電極及び第2の電極の上方に形成された絶縁層と、
前記絶縁層上に形成された第1の配線層及び第2の配線層と、
前記絶縁層を貫通し、前記第1の電極及び前記第1の配線層とを電気的に接続する第1のビアホールと、
前記絶縁層を貫通し、前記第2の電極及び前記第2の配線層とを電気的に接続する第2のビアホールとを有し、
平面視において、前記第1の配線層の端部は、前記第1の電極の端部よりも外側に位置し、かつ、前記第2の配線層の端部は、前記第2の電極の端部よりも外側に位置する
請求項34~40のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記第1の電極は、前記第2の電極寄りの一端部及び当該一端部と異なる他端部を有し、
前記第2の電極は、前記第1の電極寄りの一端部及び当該一端部と異なる他端部を有し、
前記第1の配線層は、前記第2の電極寄りの一端部及び当該一端部と異なる他端部を有し、
前記第2の配線層は、前記第1の電極寄りの一端部及び当該一端部と異なる他端部を有し、
平面視において、前記第1の電極の一端部から前記第1の配線層の一端部までの距離は、前記第1の電極の他端部から前記第1の配線層の他端部までの距離よりも短く、
平面視において、前記第2の電極の一端部から前記第2の配線層の一端部までの距離は、前記第2の電極の他端部から前記第2の配線層の他端部までの距離よりも短い
請求項41に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記半導体層は、平面視において前記第1の電極、及び、前記第2の電極を囲むメサ構造を有し、
前記第1の配線層は、前記第2の電極寄りの一端部及び当該一端部と異なる他端部を有し、
前記第2の配線層は、前記第1の電極寄りの一端部及び当該一端部と異なる他端部を有し、
平面視において、前記第1の配線層の他端部、及び、前記第2の配線層の他端部は、前記メサ構造よりも外側に位置する
請求項41に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記第2の電極は、前記基板の下面に形成され、
前記第1p型半導体層の少なくとも一部は前記第1の電極に覆われ、
前記第1の電極及び前記第1の電極に覆われた前記第1p型半導体層によって構成される第1電極部における、前記第1p型半導体層の密度は、前記第1の電極の端部に近いほど低くなる
請求項34~36のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記第2の電極は、前記基板の下面に形成され、
前記半導体層は、平面視において前記第1の電極を囲むメサ構造を有する
請求項34~36のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記第2の電極は、前記基板の下面に形成され、
前記受光素子は、
前記第1の電極の上方に形成された絶縁層と、
前記絶縁層上に形成された配線と、
前記絶縁層を貫通し、前記第1の電極及び前記配線とを電気的に接続するビアホールとを有し、
平面視において、前記配線の端部は、前記第1の電極の端部よりも外側に位置する
請求項34~36のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記第2の電極は、前記基板の下面に形成され、
前記半導体層は、平面視において前記第1の電極を囲むメサ構造を有し、
前記第1の電極の上方に形成された絶縁層と、
前記絶縁層上に形成された配線層と、
前記絶縁層を貫通し、前記第1の電極及び前記配線層とを電気的に接続するビアホールとを備え、
平面視において、前記配線層の端部は、前記メサ構造よりも外側に位置する
請求項34~36のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。 - 前記第1の電極及び前記第2の電極は、透明電極である
請求項34~46のいずれか1項に記載の半導体リレー。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17890370.4A EP3567641A4 (en) | 2017-01-05 | 2017-12-25 | SOLID STATE RELAYS |
| JP2018560365A JP6761872B2 (ja) | 2017-01-05 | 2017-12-25 | 半導体リレー |
| CN201780082127.4A CN110168745B (zh) | 2017-01-05 | 2017-12-25 | 半导体继电器 |
| US16/460,224 US10818815B2 (en) | 2017-01-05 | 2019-07-02 | Semiconductor relay |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11329175B2 (en) | 2018-01-22 | 2022-05-10 | Panasonic Holdings Corporation | Semiconductor light receiving element and semiconductor relay |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR102382656B1 (ko) * | 2015-12-25 | 2022-04-04 | 이데미쓰 고산 가부시키가이샤 | 적층체 |
| US11049992B2 (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2021-06-29 | Pix Art Imaging Inc. | Dual wavelength light emitting device, dual wavelength light transceiving device and display |
| DE102020201996A1 (de) | 2020-02-18 | 2021-08-19 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Leistungs-Feldeffekttransistor |
| CN112436832A (zh) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-03-02 | 北京工业大学 | 一种基于氮化镓材料的光继电器 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110168745B (zh) | 2023-02-17 |
| US20190326465A1 (en) | 2019-10-24 |
| EP3567641A4 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
| US10818815B2 (en) | 2020-10-27 |
| CN110168745A (zh) | 2019-08-23 |
| JP6761872B2 (ja) | 2020-09-30 |
| EP3567641A1 (en) | 2019-11-13 |
| JPWO2018128103A1 (ja) | 2019-07-25 |
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