WO2018155118A1 - 黒鉛含有耐火物および黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法 - Google Patents

黒鉛含有耐火物および黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2018155118A1
WO2018155118A1 PCT/JP2018/003333 JP2018003333W WO2018155118A1 WO 2018155118 A1 WO2018155118 A1 WO 2018155118A1 JP 2018003333 W JP2018003333 W JP 2018003333W WO 2018155118 A1 WO2018155118 A1 WO 2018155118A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
graphite
refractory
mass
raw material
containing refractory
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2018/003333
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
圭佑 吉田
久宏 松永
洋一郎 濱
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JFE Steel Corp
Original Assignee
JFE Steel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by JFE Steel Corp filed Critical JFE Steel Corp
Priority to US16/487,248 priority Critical patent/US11156403B2/en
Priority to KR1020197024278A priority patent/KR102341900B1/ko
Priority to JP2018516590A priority patent/JP6593529B2/ja
Priority to EP18757658.2A priority patent/EP3587378B1/en
Priority to BR112019017208-4A priority patent/BR112019017208B1/pt
Priority to RU2019126662A priority patent/RU2730718C1/ru
Priority to CN201880013645.5A priority patent/CN110352183B/zh
Publication of WO2018155118A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018155118A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US17/326,424 priority patent/US11629916B2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/0003Linings or walls
    • F27D1/0006Linings or walls formed from bricks or layers with a particular composition or specific characteristics
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/013Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics containing carbon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/03Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/03Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
    • C04B35/04Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite based on magnesium oxide
    • C04B35/043Refractories from grain sized mixtures
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/10Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
    • C04B35/101Refractories from grain sized mixtures
    • C04B35/103Refractories from grain sized mixtures containing non-oxide refractory materials, e.g. carbon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/14Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silica
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/52Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/52Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
    • C04B35/522Graphite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/62204Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products using waste materials or refuse
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/62605Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
    • C04B35/62645Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
    • C04B35/62655Drying, e.g. freeze-drying, spray-drying, microwave or supercritical drying
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/62605Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
    • C04B35/62685Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures characterised by the order of addition of constituents or additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/6303Inorganic additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/6303Inorganic additives
    • C04B35/6316Binders based on silicon compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632Organic additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632Organic additives
    • C04B35/634Polymers
    • C04B35/63404Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B35/63408Polyalkenes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632Organic additives
    • C04B35/634Polymers
    • C04B35/63404Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B35/63444Nitrogen-containing polymers, e.g. polyacrylamides, polyacrylonitriles, polyvinylpyrrolidone [PVP], polyethylenimine [PEI]
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632Organic additives
    • C04B35/634Polymers
    • C04B35/63448Polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B35/63452Polyepoxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632Organic additives
    • C04B35/634Polymers
    • C04B35/63448Polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B35/6346Polyesters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632Organic additives
    • C04B35/634Polymers
    • C04B35/63448Polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B35/63472Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
    • C04B35/63476Phenol-formaldehyde condensation polymers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632Organic additives
    • C04B35/634Polymers
    • C04B35/63448Polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B35/63472Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
    • C04B35/6348Melamine-formaldehyde condensation polymers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632Organic additives
    • C04B35/634Polymers
    • C04B35/63496Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632Organic additives
    • C04B35/636Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • C04B35/82Asbestos; Glass; Fused silica
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • C04B35/83Carbon fibres in a carbon matrix
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3206Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3208Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3217Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3224Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
    • C04B2235/3225Yttrium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3232Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3241Chromium oxides, chromates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3244Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3418Silicon oxide, silicic acids or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/38Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
    • C04B2235/3817Carbides
    • C04B2235/3826Silicon carbides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/42Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
    • C04B2235/422Carbon
    • C04B2235/425Graphite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/42Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
    • C04B2235/428Silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/48Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216Inorganic
    • C04B2235/524Non-oxidic, e.g. borides, carbides, silicides or nitrides
    • C04B2235/5248Carbon, e.g. graphite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208Fibers
    • C04B2235/5252Fibers having a specific pre-form
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208Fibers
    • C04B2235/526Fibers characterised by the length of the fibers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208Fibers
    • C04B2235/5264Fibers characterised by the diameter of the fibers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5292Flakes, platelets or plates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5296Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes with a defined aspect ratio, e.g. indicating sphericity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5427Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof millimeter or submillimeter sized, i.e. larger than 0,1 mm
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5436Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5463Particle size distributions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5463Particle size distributions
    • C04B2235/5472Bimodal, multi-modal or multi-fraction
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/60Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
    • C04B2235/604Pressing at temperatures other than sintering temperatures
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/60Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
    • C04B2235/606Drying
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/80Phases present in the sintered or melt-cast ceramic products other than the main phase
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
    • C04B2235/9669Resistance against chemicals, e.g. against molten glass or molten salts
    • C04B2235/9676Resistance against chemicals, e.g. against molten glass or molten salts against molten metals such as steel or aluminium

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a graphite-containing refractory having a carbon fiber bundle disposed therein and a method for producing the graphite-containing refractory.
  • Equipment (refining containers, transport containers, etc.) used in steelmaking and steelmaking processes at steelworks is lined with refractories so that it can withstand long-term use at high temperatures.
  • the converter used in the refining process uses magnesia and carbon refractories
  • the topped and blast furnace pan lining used in the hot metal pretreatment process use alumina, silicon carbide and carbon refractories. .
  • These refractories are used under very severe conditions such as mechanical impacts due to charges, wear due to stirring of molten steel and molten slag, slag erosion due to molten slag and rapid temperature changes during operation. For this reason, in order to perform a stable operation, it is preferable to use a refractory with high durability that can withstand severe conditions.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a refractory that is solidified with a synthetic resin or the like in a rod-like or net-like high-strength fiber bundle and disposed inside without breaking the shape of the high-strength fiber bundle. Is disclosed. Thus, it is described that the mechanical strength and spall resistance of the refractory can be improved by disposing the high strength fiber bundle inside the refractory without breaking the shape.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a refractory material in which a unidirectional bundle, a twisted string, or a fabric made of fibers having high tensile strength is bonded to a part or the whole of a surface with a heat-resistant adhesive.
  • the length of the carbon fiber arranged in the refractory disclosed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 is 90 mm or less, and the strength is insufficient as a refractory used in a converter or the like exposed to harsh conditions. There was a problem.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its purpose is higher in bending strength and energy required to destroy the refractory than the conventional refractory (hereinafter referred to as “destructive energy”).
  • the object is to provide a graphite-containing refractory and a method for producing a graphite-containing refractory.
  • the carbon fiber bundle is bonded using one or more adhesives selected from phenol resin, alumina sol, silica sol, pitch, and tar, according to any one of (1) to (6) Refractories containing graphite.
  • the carbon fiber bundle includes phenol resin, epoxy resin, melamine resin, urea resin, alkyd resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyurethane, thermosetting polyimide, alumina sol, silica sol, zirconia sol, chromia sol, titania sol, magnesia sol,
  • the graphite-containing refractory according to any one of (1) to (6), which is bonded using one or more adhesives selected from calcia sol, yttria sol, pitch, tar, and starch paste.
  • the graphite-containing refractory has a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m / piece or more and 45 ⁇ m / piece or less, a fiber length of 1 mm or less, and a ratio of fiber length to fiber diameter (fiber length / fiber diameter) of 2 or more.
  • a short carbon fiber that is 1000 or less is further included within a range of 0.10% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less as an outer shell with respect to the graphite-containing refractory.
  • the graphite-containing refractory as described.
  • drying step of drying the molded body, and in the bundling step the carbon fiber having a fiber diameter in the range of 1 ⁇ m / line to 45 ⁇ m / line is 1000 to 300,000.
  • a method for producing a graphite-containing refractory which is bundled within a range to form a carbon fiber bundle having a length of 100 mm or more.
  • the refractory raw material is a magnesia raw material, and in the blending step, the magnesia raw material is blended within a range of 20% by mass or more and 99% by mass or less.
  • the refractory raw material is an alumina raw material and a silicon carbide raw material.
  • the alumina raw material is blended within a range of 10% by mass to 95% by mass, and the silicon carbide raw material is 1% by mass.
  • the refractory raw material is an alumina raw material, a silicon carbide raw material, and a silica raw material.
  • the alumina raw material is blended within a range of 10 mass% to 95 mass%, and the silicon carbide raw material is 1
  • the refractory raw material is refractory waste obtained by pulverizing a used refractory, and in the blending step, the refractory waste is blended within a range of 10% by mass to 90% by mass (10)
  • the carbon fiber is bonded using one or more adhesives selected from phenol resin, alumina sol, silica sol, pitch and tar, and any one of (10) to (15) A method for producing a graphite-containing refractory as described in 1. above.
  • the carbon fiber is converted into phenol resin, epoxy resin, melamine resin, urea resin, alkyd resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyurethane, thermosetting polyimide, alumina sol, silica sol, zirconia sol, chromia sol, titania sol.
  • a kneading step of kneading the graphite-containing refractory material, a graphite-containing refractory material kneaded in a mold for forming the graphite-containing refractory material, and the carbon fiber bundle The method for producing a graphite-containing refractory according to any one of (10) to (17), further comprising a filling step of filling.
  • the carbon fiber bundles are arranged side by side so that the distance between them becomes 3 mm or more.
  • the fiber diameter is 1 ⁇ m or more and 45 ⁇ m or less
  • the fiber length is 1 mm or less
  • the ratio of the fiber length to the fiber diameter (fiber length / fiber diameter) is in the range of 2 to 1000.
  • a graphite-containing refractory having higher bending strength and higher fracture energy than conventional can be produced.
  • the graphite-containing refractory with increased bending strength and fracture energy in this way for example, for a converter refractory, stable converter operation can be realized, and the life of the graphite-containing refractory can be extended.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view and a side view showing an example of a magnesia-carbonaceous refractory 10 according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the carbon fiber bundle 14.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing an example in which the magnesia / carbonaceous refractory 10 is used as a converter refractory.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view and a side view showing the magnesia-carbon refractory 10 in which the angle ⁇ 2 between the short direction and the carbon fiber bundle 14 is 45 °.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view and a side view showing the magnesia-carbonaceous refractory 10 in which the angle ⁇ 2 between the short side direction and the carbon fiber bundle 14 is 135 °.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a manufacturing flow of the magnesia / carbonaceous refractory 10 according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a molding method by CIP molding.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a melting loss test using the high-frequency induction furnace 50.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of a load-displacement curve obtained by the three-point bending test method.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the charging angles of the carbon fiber bundles of Examples 9-1 to 9-3.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state of forming with a CIP device.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the charging angles of the carbon fiber bundles of Examples 10-1 to 10-3.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state of molding with a CIP device.
  • magnesia-carbon refractories used for converter linings are extremely susceptible to mechanical shocks caused by charges, wear due to stirring of molten steel and molten slag, slag erosion due to molten slag, and rapid temperature changes during converter operation. Used under severe conditions. For this reason, in order to perform a stable operation, it is preferable to use a magnesia-carbon refractory material with high durability that can withstand such severe conditions.
  • alumina, silicon carbide, and carbonaceous refractories used for the lining of hot metal pretreatment containers such as topped and blast furnace pans are also used under extremely severe conditions, so highly durable alumina that can withstand these conditions. It is preferable to use silicon carbide / carbon refractory.
  • the present inventors arrange a carbon fiber bundle having a length of 100 mm or more in a refractory, in which carbon fibers having a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m / fiber to 45 ⁇ m / fiber are bundled within a range of 1000 to 300,000.
  • the present invention was completed by finding that the bending strength and the fracture energy of the graphite-containing refractory are higher than those of the conventional one.
  • the present invention will be described using an example of a magnesia-carbonaceous refractory as an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view and a side view showing an example of a magnesia-carbon refractory 10 according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 1A is a perspective view of the magnesia-carbonaceous refractory 10
  • FIG. 1B is a side view of the magnesia-carbon refractory 10.
  • a plurality of carbon fiber bundles 14 are arranged along the longitudinal direction inside a magnesia / carbonaceous material 12 in which a magnesia material is blended with graphite. Thereby, the bending strength and fracture energy of the magnesia-carbonaceous refractory 10 are increased.
  • the magnesia-carbonaceous refractory 10 includes graphite in a range of 1% by mass to 80% by mass and a magnesia raw material in a range of 20% by mass to 99% by mass. Thereby, the crack of the refractory material by heat spalling can be suppressed, and the erosion resistance with respect to a converter slag can be improved. On the other hand, if the content of graphite is less than 1% by mass, cracking of the refractory due to heat spalling cannot be suppressed, and crack resistance is greatly reduced. When the content of the magnesia raw material is less than 20% by mass, the resistance to erosion to the converter slag is lowered and the amount of erosion is increased.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the carbon fiber bundle 14.
  • the carbon fiber bundle 14 is formed by bundling a plurality of carbon fibers.
  • the length L1 of the carbon fiber bundle 14 is 100 mm or more, and is not longer than the length along the longitudinal direction of the carbon fiber bundle 14 in the magnesia-carbonaceous refractory 10 in which the carbon fiber bundle 14 is disposed.
  • the carbon fiber bundle 14 has an end face width L2 of 1.0 mm to 20.0 mm, a thickness L3 of 0.001 mm to 6.0 mm, and a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m so that the length of L2 is longer than L3.
  • Carbon fibers in the range of / fibers to 45 ⁇ m / fiber are bundled in the range of 1000 to 300000.
  • the carbon fiber bundle 14 is formed by bundling carbon fibers having a fiber diameter in the range of 1 ⁇ m / fiber to 45 ⁇ m / fiber in the range of 1000 to 300,000. Yes.
  • the effect which suppresses the progress of the crack by the carbon fiber bundle 14 expresses in the site
  • the carbon fiber bundle has a fiber diameter of less than 1 ⁇ m / number and the number of carbon fibers is less than 1000, the carbon fiber bundle is too thin, so the carbon fiber bundle cannot suppress the progress of cracks, and the bending strength and The destruction energy cannot be increased.
  • the carbon fiber bundle 14 may be formed by bundling carbon fibers within a range of 1000 or more and 60000 or less.
  • the carbon fiber bundle 14 is a bundle of the above-mentioned carbon fibers, such as phenol resin, epoxy resin, melamine resin, urea resin, alkyd resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyurethane, thermosetting polyimide, alumina sol, silica sol, zirconia sol, chromia sol, titania sol, It is preferable to attach one or more adhesives selected from magnesia sol, calcia sol, yttria sol, pitch, tar, and starch paste.
  • Adhesion of carbon fiber bundles improves adhesion between carbon fibers and between carbon fiber bundles and refractory raw materials, so that the compact can be densified, so the bending strength of magnesia-carbonaceous refractory 10 And destruction energy becomes high.
  • the length of the end face width L2 of the carbon fiber bundle 14 is longer than the end face thickness L3.
  • anisotropy of bending strength can be imparted to the carbon fiber bundle 14.
  • the magnesia-carbon refractory 10 also has the bending strength anisotropy by aligning the orientation of the carbon fiber bundle 14 to which the bending strength anisotropy is imparted in this manner and arranging it inside the refractory. To have.
  • the magnesia-carbonaceous refractory 10 is a refractory manufactured by being pressed and molded from a direction perpendicular to the molding surface 16.
  • the longitudinal directions of the end surfaces of the carbon fiber bundle 14 are aligned in the same direction, and the angle ⁇ 1 between the molding surface 16 and the longitudinal direction of the end surface is 90 °.
  • a dotted line 18 is a line parallel to the molding surface 16 described to represent the angle ⁇ 1 between the molding surface 16 and the longitudinal direction of the end surface of the carbon fiber bundle 14.
  • the width direction of the end faces of the carbon fiber bundles 14 in the same direction so that the angle ⁇ 1 between the longitudinal direction of the end faces and the forming face 16 is 90 °, it is possible to press the forming press.
  • the magnesia / carbonaceous raw material 12 is likely to enter the periphery of the carbon fiber bundle 14 and the moldability of the magnesia / carbonaceous refractory 10 is improved.
  • the magnesia-carbon refractory 10 also has bending strength anisotropy, and the angle ⁇ 1 between the longitudinal direction and the molding surface 16 is 90 °.
  • the bending strength in the direction can be increased.
  • the angle ⁇ 1 between the longitudinal direction and the molding surface 16 is preferably 90 °, but an error of about 90 ⁇ 45 ° is acceptable in terms of construction accuracy.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing an example in which the magnesia-carbon refractory 10 is used as a converter refractory.
  • the magnesia / carbon refractory 10 when used in the converter, the magnesia / carbon refractory 10 has a molding surface 16 in the circumferential direction of the converter (arrow 20 in FIG. 3). It is installed so that In this case, the magnesia-carbonaceous refractory 10 repeats expansion and contraction due to a rapid temperature change during the converter operation, thereby generating stress in the circumferential direction, that is, in a direction perpendicular to the molding surface 16.
  • the magnesia-carbon refractory 10 has anisotropy in bending strength, and is perpendicular to the molding surface 16 with respect to the bending strength in a direction parallel to the molding surface 16. High bending strength in direction. For this reason, by arranging the molding surface 16 of the magnesia / carbonaceous refractory 10 in the circumferential direction in which stress is generated in the converter, magnesia that can exhibit high bending strength against the stress generated in the converter. -Carbon refractory 10 is obtained.
  • magnesia-carbonaceous refractory 10 As described above, the magnesia-carbonaceous refractory 10 according to the present embodiment having anisotropy in bending strength is arranged so that the direction in which the bending strength is high is directed to the direction in which stress is generated in the converter.
  • the durability of the carbon refractory 10 can be improved.
  • the magnesia / carbonaceous refractory 10 is perpendicular to the molding surface 16 of the magnesia / carbonaceous refractory 10 and the direction along the length L ⁇ b> 1 of the carbon fiber bundle 14.
  • the angle ⁇ 2 is 90 °.
  • FIG. 4 shows the magnesia-carbon refractory 10 in which the angle ⁇ 2 between the direction perpendicular to the molding surface 16 of the magnesia-carbon refractory 10 and the direction along the length L1 of the carbon fiber bundle 14 is 45 °. It is the perspective view and side view which show.
  • FIG. 5 shows the magnesia-carbon refractory 10 in which the angle ⁇ 2 between the direction perpendicular to the molding surface 16 of the magnesia-carbon refractory 10 and the direction along the length L1 of the carbon fiber bundle 14 is 135 °. It is the perspective view and side view which show. As shown in FIGS.
  • the angle ⁇ 2 between the direction perpendicular to the molding surface 16 of the magnesia-carbonaceous refractory 10 and the direction along the length L1 of the carbon fiber bundle 14 is 45 ° or more and 135 °. It is preferable to arrange the carbon fiber bundles 14 so as to be within the following range. Thereby, magnesia is more than the case where the carbon fiber bundle 14 is arranged so that the direction perpendicular to the molding surface 16 of the magnesia-carbonaceous refractory 10 and the direction along the length L1 of the carbon fiber bundle 14 are parallel. -The bending strength and fracture energy of the carbonaceous refractory 10 can be increased.
  • the magnesia-carbonaceous refractory 10 further has a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m / fiber to 45 ⁇ m / fiber, a fiber length of 1 mm or less, and a ratio of fiber length to fiber diameter (fiber length / fiber diameter).
  • the short carbon fiber in the range of 2 or more and 1000 or less may be included in the range of 0.10% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less with respect to the magnesia / carbonaceous raw material 12. By including the short carbon fiber, the short carbon fiber suppresses the progress of cracks in the magnesia / carbonaceous refractory 10, thereby increasing the bending strength and fracture energy of the magnesia / carbonaceous refractory 10.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a manufacturing flow of the magnesia / carbonaceous refractory 10 according to the present embodiment.
  • a method for producing the magnesia-carbonaceous refractory 10 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the magnesia / carbonaceous refractory 10 includes a carbon fiber bundling step, a magnesia / carbonaceous raw material 12 blending step, a magnesia / carbonaceous raw material 12 kneading step, a filling step, a molding step, and a drying step. , Manufactured by.
  • the carbon fiber bundling step (S101) first, for example, a commercially available cloth-like carbon fiber having a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m / fiber or more and 45 ⁇ m or less is disassembled to form a filamentous carbon having a length of 100 mm or more. Take out the fiber.
  • Commercially available carbon fibers include carbon fibers having various shapes such as filaments, tows, and cloths, any of which can be used as appropriate.
  • the taken-out filamentous carbon fibers are bundled within a range of 1,000 to 300,000 to obtain a carbon fiber bundle having a length of 100 mm or more.
  • the carbon fiber bundle is immersed in an adhesive such as phenol resin for about 1 to 2 minutes.
  • the carbon fiber bundle is taken out from an adhesive such as a phenol resin and is naturally dried for 24 hours or more.
  • the content of graphite is 1% by mass to 80% by mass with respect to the magnesia / carbonaceous raw material 12, and the content of the magnesia / carbonaceous raw material 12 is The magnesia-carbonaceous raw material 12 is blended so as to be 20% by mass or more and 99% by mass or less. Further, in the blending step, a predetermined amount of a curing agent and a binder is added as an outer shell.
  • the fiber diameter is 1 ⁇ m or more and 45 ⁇ m or less
  • the fiber length is 1 mm or less
  • the ratio of the fiber length to the fiber diameter (fiber length / fiber diameter) is in the range of 2 to 1000.
  • a short carbon fiber may be further blended with the magnesia / carbonaceous raw material 12.
  • the magnesia / carbonaceous raw material 12 is kneaded using a kneading apparatus.
  • the filling step (S104) 5% by volume or more of the kneaded magnesia-carbonaceous raw material 12 is filled with respect to the volume of the refractory mold, and then the distance between the carbon fiber bundles 14 becomes 3 mm or more.
  • the carbon fiber bundles 14 are arranged side by side.
  • 5% by volume or more of the kneaded magnesia-carbonaceous raw material 12 is filled with respect to the volume of the mold, and then the carbon fiber bundle 14 is set so that the distance between the carbon fiber bundles 14 is 3 mm or more. Are placed side by side.
  • the filling of the magnesia / carbonaceous raw material 12 and the arrangement of the carbon fiber bundles 14 are repeated, and the magnesia / carbonaceous raw material 12 and the carbon fiber bundles 14 are filled into the mold.
  • the carbon fiber bundles 14 are arranged side by side so that the distance between the carbon fiber bundles 14 is 3 mm or more, and the filling of the magnesia / carbonaceous raw material 12 and the arrangement of the carbon fiber bundles are alternately repeated.
  • the contact area between the magnesia / carbonaceous raw material 12 and the carbon fiber bundle can be increased, and thereby the bending strength of the magnesia / carbonaceous refractory can be increased. And destruction energy becomes high.
  • the contact area between the magnesia / carbonaceous raw material 12 and the carbon fiber bundle cannot be increased, and the magnesia / carbonaceous refractory
  • the bending strength and fracture energy of 10 cannot be increased. It is preferable that the distance between the carbon fiber bundles 14 is 100 mm or less. When the distance between the carbon fiber bundles 14 exceeds 100 mm, the carbon fiber bundles 14 are reduced, and the effect of increasing the bending strength and fracture energy is reduced.
  • the carbon fiber bundle 14 is cut by the stirring blade provided in the kneader, which performs the kneading step after the carbon fiber bundle 14 is arranged, the effect of increasing the bending strength and fracture energy of the magnesia / carbonaceous refractory is reduced. It is not preferable.
  • the molding step (S105) pressing is performed from a direction perpendicular to the molding surface 16, the internal shape of the mold is transferred to the magnesia / carbonaceous material 12 filled in the mold of the refractory, and a molded body is molded.
  • a mold made of metal, wood, synthetic resin, rubber or the like can be used.
  • the formed body is dried at 230 ° C. for 18 hours in the drying step (S106), and the magnesia-carbonaceous refractory 10 having the carbon fiber bundle 14 disposed therein is manufactured.
  • a magnesia raw material as a refractory raw material
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and an alumina raw material and a silicon carbide raw material may be used instead of a magnesia raw material.
  • silica raw materials may be used.
  • the alumina raw material is blended within the range of 10% by mass to 95% by mass with respect to the graphite-containing refractory raw material, and the silicon carbide raw material is mixed with the graphite-containing refractory raw material. What is necessary is just to mix
  • the alumina raw material is blended within the range of 10% by mass to 95% by mass with respect to the graphite-containing refractory raw material, and the silicon carbide raw material is graphite-containing. What is necessary is just to mix
  • the blending amount of the alumina raw material 10 mass% or more and 95 mass% or less, it is possible to improve the erosion resistance against hot metal pretreatment slag and to suppress cracking due to thermal spalling.
  • the blending amount of the alumina raw material is less than 10% by mass, the melt resistance against hot metal pretreatment slag is lowered, which is not preferable. If the blending amount of the alumina raw material exceeds 95% by mass, the generation of cracks due to thermal spalling cannot be suppressed, and crack resistance is lowered, which is not preferable.
  • the compounding amount of the silicon carbide raw material 1% by mass or more, the oxidation of graphite in the air atmosphere can be suppressed, so that the high cracking resistance of the graphite-containing refractory can be maintained.
  • the blending amount of the silicon carbide raw material is less than 1% by mass, it is not preferable because oxidation of graphite in the air atmosphere cannot be suppressed and crack resistance of the graphite-containing refractory decreases.
  • the blending amount of the silica raw material 1% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, a graphite-containing refractory material having both high crack resistance and high resistance to erosion can be obtained.
  • the blending amount of the silica raw material is less than 1% by mass, the amount of expansion is small and fine cracks are not generated, so that the thermal shock fracture resistance cannot be increased and crack resistance is lowered, which is not preferable. If the blending amount of the silica raw material exceeds 50% by mass, the melt resistance is greatly reduced, which is not preferable.
  • the alumina raw material and the silicon carbide raw material, or the alumina raw material, the silicon carbide raw material and the silica raw material as described above, it is possible to improve the erosion resistance against the hot metal pretreatment slag of the graphite-containing refractory, In addition, the bending strength and fracture energy of the graphite-containing refractory can be increased. For this reason, the said refractory material can be used suitably as a lining refractory material of hot metal pretreatment containers, such as a toppe and a blast furnace pan.
  • magnesia raw material is used as a refractory raw material.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and an alumina raw material and a zirconia raw material may be used instead of the magnesia raw material.
  • the carbon fiber bundle according to the present embodiment for a plate refractory containing an alumina raw material, a zirconia raw material, and graphite, the bending strength and fracture energy of the plate refractory can be increased.
  • a magnesia raw material is used as a refractory raw material
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be obtained by pulverizing used alumina / silicon carbide / carbon refractory instead of a magnesia raw material.
  • Refractory waste may be used.
  • the refractory waste may be blended within the range of 10% by mass to 90% by mass with respect to the graphite-containing refractory raw material.
  • the refractory raw material contains 10% by mass or more of the virgin raw material, so that the refractory raw material has an Al 2 O 3 component. It is possible to suppress a significant decrease in the melt resistance.
  • the blending amount of the refractory scrap raw material exceeds 90% by mass, the blending amount of the virgin raw material becomes too small, and a significant decrease in the erosion resistance of the Al 2 O 3 component of the refractory scrap raw material is suppressed. Can not.
  • the blending amount of the refractory waste raw material is less than 10% by mass, the recycle rate of the refractory waste is too low, so that the processing cost of the refractory waste as industrial waste significantly increases.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a molding method by CIP molding.
  • FIG. 7A shows a state in which the molding container 36 is filled with the magnesia / carbonaceous raw material 12 and the carbon fiber bundle 14, and
  • FIG. b) shows a state in which the forming container 36 is inserted into the CIP device 38 filled with the pressure medium 40.
  • the support member 30 having the core metal 32, the upper support disk 34, and the lower support disk 35 the plurality of carbon fiber bundles 14 are placed on the upper support disk 34 and the lower support disk 35 so as to be parallel to the core metal 32. Stretch and place.
  • a support member 30 on which the carbon fiber bundle 14 is stretched is placed in a rubber-made container 36.
  • a space region formed by the support member 30 and the molding container 36 is filled with the magnesia / carbonaceous raw material 12, and the opening of the molding container 36 is closed and sealed.
  • the sealed molded container 36 is inserted into a CIP device 38 filled with a pressure medium 40 such as water or oil, and a pressure of 49 MPa or more and 490 MPa or less is applied to the pressure medium 40. Thereby, a uniform pressure can be applied to the forming container 36 through the pressure medium 40, and a formed body can be formed.
  • CIP molding is preferably used for molding large tuyere refractories.
  • the length of the cored bar 32, the diameter of the cored bar 32, the size of the upper support plate 34 and the lower support plate 35, and the size of the molding container 36 are as follows. It may be determined appropriately according to the desired tuyere refractory size such as tuyere diameter. When performing CIP molding, it is preferable to use rubber as the material of the molding container 36.
  • the graphite-containing refractories using the magnesia / carbonaceous material used in the converter as an aggregate were evaluated by the following methods. First, in order to examine the contents of the magnesia raw material and the graphite, as shown in Table 1, the content of the magnesia raw material and the content of the graphite were changed. And crack resistance were evaluated.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a melting loss test using the high-frequency induction furnace 50.
  • a graphite-containing refractory 60 is installed in a cylindrical shape on a bottom plate 54 of a high-frequency induction furnace 50 equipped with an induction coil 52, a test temperature is 1500 ° C., and a temperature holding time is 4 hours.
  • Synthetic slag 58 having the composition shown in Table 2 was added every hour, and the amount of erosion was measured after cooling.
  • the erosion resistance in Table 1 was evaluated by a erosion index with the erosion amount of Example Formulation Example 1-3 as 100. That is, when the erosion index is less than 100, it means that the amount of erosion is less than that of Example Formulation 1-3, and when the erosion index is more than 100, it is less than that of Example Compound 1-3. It means that there is a lot of loss.
  • the longitudinal elastic modulus E 0 of a 40 ⁇ 40 ⁇ 200 mm sample was measured according to the ultrasonic pulse method defined in JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) R 1605.
  • the spalling test was repeated 3 times, with heating at 1500 ° C. for 10 minutes, water cooling for 5 minutes, and air cooling for 10 minutes, and then the dynamic modulus E 3 was measured again, before and after the test.
  • the change rate E 3 / E 0 of the dynamic elastic modulus was calculated, and the crack resistance was evaluated with this value.
  • a small E 3 / E 0 which is the rate of change of the dynamic elastic modulus means that the crack resistance is low.
  • Examples Formulation Examples 1-2 to 1-8 in which the graphite content is 1% by mass to 80% by mass and the magnesia raw material content is 20% by mass to 99% by mass are resistant to erosion.
  • Example Formulation Example 1-1 in which the cracking resistance was constant but the graphite content was 0.5% by mass the cracking resistance was significantly reduced, and the magnesia raw material content was 10.0% by mass.
  • Example Formulation 1-9 the resistance to erosion was greatly reduced. From these results, when the magnesia raw material is used as the refractory raw material, the graphite content is 1% by mass to 80% by mass, and the content of the magnesia raw material is 20% by mass to 99% by mass. It was confirmed that the melt resistance and crack resistance of the contained refractories can be compatible.
  • Table 3 shows production conditions and evaluation results of the evaluated graphite-containing refractories.
  • the carbon fiber bundle is cut into lengths of 90 mm, 100 mm, 200 mm, 400 mm, 600 mm, 800 mm, and 1000 mm, respectively.
  • the carbon fiber bundles were immersed in a phenolic resin for 1 minute so as to adhere to each other, and then these carbon fiber bundles and magnesia / carbonaceous raw material were filled by the following method.
  • the bottom of the mold is filled with 10% by volume of magnesia-carbonaceous material with respect to the mold volume of the mold having a refractory size of 1000 mm in the longitudinal direction, 300 mm in the short direction, and 90 mm in height.
  • the angle ⁇ 2 between the perpendicular direction and the direction along the length L1 of the carbon fiber bundle was 90 °, and the distance between the carbon fiber bundles was 5 mm.
  • the magnesia-carbonaceous raw material filled in the mold is the magnesia-carbonaceous raw material of Example Formulation Example 1-5 shown in Table 1.
  • the magnesia / carbonaceous material and the carbon fiber bundle were filled in the mold by repeating the filling of the magnesia / carbonaceous material and the arrangement of the carbon fiber bundle.
  • the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 2-1 to 2-7 and Comparative Example 2-1 were manufactured by molding and drying according to the flow of FIG.
  • the graphite-containing refractory was measured for bending strength, fracture energy, erosion resistance and crack resistance.
  • the bending strength of the graphite-containing refractory is described in JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) R 2213, with the test piece size of 40 ⁇ 40 ⁇ 140 mm, the center-to-center distance of 100 mm, and the load application rate of 0.5 mm / min. The test was conducted according to the bending test method.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of a load-displacement curve obtained by the three-point bending test method.
  • the fracture energy can be calculated using a load-displacement curve obtained by the three-point bending test method.
  • the displacement showing the first peak value was taken as the reference position, and the area in the range where the displacement from the reference position was 1 mm was calculated as the fracture energy.
  • the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 2-1 to 2-7 in which a carbon fiber bundle having a length of 100 mm or more was charged had remarkably high bending strength and fracture energy.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of Comparative Example 2-1 using a carbon fiber bundle having a length of less than 100 mm had lower bending strength and fracture energy than the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 2-1 to 2-7. This is presumably because the graphite-containing refractory of Comparative Example 2-1 had a short carbon fiber bundle, so that the effect of suppressing the crack propagation of the refractory by the carbon fiber bundle was not exhibited. From these results, it was confirmed that the length of the carbon fiber should be 100 mm or more in order to increase the bending strength and fracture energy of the graphite-containing refractory.
  • Table 4 shows production conditions and evaluation results of the evaluated graphite-containing refractories.
  • the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 3-1 to 3-5 and Comparative Examples 3-1 and 3-2 have a length of 600 mm and a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m / piece, 7 ⁇ m / Carbon fiber bundles having 900, 1000, 10,000, 12,000, 30000, 60000, 300000, and 400000 carbon fibers bundled at 23, 45 ⁇ m / 45, and 50 ⁇ m / fiber It is a graphite-containing refractory placed on a graphite-containing refractory.
  • the raw material components of these graphite-containing refractories are the same as in Example 1-5, and the size of graphite-containing refractories is the same as in Example 2-1.
  • the bending strength, fracture energy, erosion resistance and crack resistance of the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 3-1 to 3-5 and Comparative Examples 3-1 and 3-2 were measured.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of Comparative Example 3-1 using a carbon fiber bundle having a fiber diameter of less than 1 ⁇ m / fiber and the number of carbon fibers of less than 1000 was found in Example 2-5 and Example 3- Bending strength and fracture energy were lower than those of 1 to 3-5 graphite-containing refractories.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of Comparative Example 3-2 using a carbon fiber bundle in which a fiber diameter was bundled with more than 400000 carbon fibers with a fiber diameter of more than 45 ⁇ m / fiber and 50 ⁇ m / fiber was laminated at the time of molding, resulting in fire resistance.
  • the carbon fiber bundles protruded from the side of the object, making it difficult to mold.
  • the cause is considered to be that the carbon fiber bundle is too thick, the carbon fiber bundle is not entangled with the magnesia / carbonaceous raw material, and the spring back is generated by the carbon fiber bundle during molding.
  • Table 5 shows the production conditions and evaluation results of the evaluated graphite-containing refractories.
  • the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 4-1 to 4-11 were bundled with 12,000 carbon fibers having a length of 600 mm and a diameter of 7 ⁇ m / piece, a phenol resin as an adhesive, It is a graphite-containing refractory in which carbon fiber bundles bonded and bonded using alumina sol, silica sol, pitch, tar, and starch paste are arranged.
  • the raw material components of these graphite-containing refractories are the same as in Example 1-5, the size is the same as in Example 2-1, and the production method is the same as the method described in the explanation of Table 3.
  • the bending strength, fracture energy, melt resistance, and crack resistance of the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 4-1 to 4-11 were measured.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of Example 4-11 using an unbonded carbon fiber bundle is higher in bending strength and fracture energy than the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 2-5 and Examples 4-1 to 4-10.
  • carbon fibers are bonded using one or more adhesives selected from phenol resin, alumina sol, silica sol, pitch, tar and starch paste. It was confirmed that a carbon fiber bundle was preferable.
  • epoxy resin epoxy resin, melamine resin, urea resin, alkyd resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyurethane, thermosetting polyimide, zirconia sol, chromia sol, titania sol, magnesia sol, calcia sol and yttria sol similar to the above adhesive may be used. It is considered that the same effect can be obtained.
  • Table 6 shows production conditions and evaluation results of the evaluated graphite-containing refractories.
  • the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 5-1 to 5-3 have a length of 600 mm, and a carbon fiber bundle obtained by bundling 12,000 carbon fibers having a diameter of 7 ⁇ m / piece is a refractory.
  • a graphite-containing refractory disposed so that the angle ⁇ 2 with respect to the short side direction is 0 °, 45 °, 90 °, and 135 °.
  • the raw material components of these graphite-containing refractories are the same as in Example 1-5, the size of the graphite-containing refractories is the same as in Example 2-1, and the production method is the same as the method described in the explanation of Table 3. The same.
  • the graphite-containing refractory in which the carbon fiber bundle is arranged such that the angle ⁇ 2 with respect to the short direction of the refractory is 90 ° is a graphite-containing refractory as shown in FIG. 1, and the angle ⁇ 2 is 45 °.
  • the graphite-containing refractory arranged as shown in FIG. 4 is a graphite-containing refractory as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the graphite-containing refractory arranged so that the angle ⁇ 2 is 135 ° is the graphite shown in FIG. Contains refractories. The bending strength, fracture energy, melt resistance, and crack resistance of the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 5-1 to 5-3 were measured.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of Example 5-1 in which the carbon fiber bundles are arranged as described above and the graphite-containing refractory in Example 5-2 in which the carbon fiber bundles are arranged so that the angle ⁇ 2 with respect to the short side direction is 135 ° are The bending strength and fracture energy were high.
  • the graphite-containing refractories of Example 5-3 in which the carbon fiber bundles are arranged so that the angle ⁇ 2 with respect to the lateral direction is 0 ° are the same as those of Example 2-5 and Examples 5-1, 5-2. Bending strength and fracture energy were lower than graphite-containing refractories. From these results, in order to increase the bending strength and fracture energy of the graphite-containing refractory, the carbon fiber bundle should be arranged so that the angle ⁇ 2 with the short direction of the graphite-containing refractory is 45 ° or more and 135 ° or less. Was confirmed to be preferable.
  • Table 7 shows the production conditions and evaluation results of the evaluated graphite-containing refractories.
  • the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 6-1 to 6-4 have a length of 600 mm, and a carbon fiber bundle obtained by bundling 12,000 carbon fibers having a diameter of 7 ⁇ m / piece is a carbon fiber. It is a graphite-containing refractory disposed so that the distance between the bundles is 1 mm, 3 mm, 30 mm, and 100 mm.
  • the raw material components of these graphite-containing refractories are the same as in Example 1-5, the size of the graphite-containing refractories is the same as in Example 2-1, and the production method is the same as the method described in the explanation of Table 3. The same.
  • the bending strength, fracture energy, melt resistance and crack resistance of the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 6-1 to 6-4 were measured.
  • the bending strength and fracture energy of the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 6-1 and 6-2 in which the carbon fiber bundles are arranged so that the distance between the carbon fiber bundles is 3 mm and 30 mm are: It was slightly higher than the bending strength and fracture energy of the graphite-containing refractory of Example 6-3 arranged so that the distance between the carbon fiber bundles was 100 mm. In the graphite-containing refractory of Example 6-4 in which the distance between the carbon fiber bundles was 1 mm, the intervals between the carbon fiber bundles were too narrow, and lamination was likely to occur during molding.
  • the bending strength and fracture energy of the graphite-containing refractory of Example 6-4 were lowered, and the resistance to melting and spalling was also lowered.
  • the bending strength and breaking energy when the distance between the carbon fiber bundles was set to 100 mm were almost the same although they were slightly lower than when the distance between the carbon fiber bundles was set to 3 mm or more and 30 mm or less. From these results, in order to increase the bending strength and fracture energy of the graphite-containing refractory, the distance between the carbon fiber bundles is preferably 3 mm or more and 100 mm or less, and the distance between the carbon fiber bundles is 3 mm or more and 30 mm or less. It was confirmed that it is more preferable.
  • Table 8 shows the production conditions and evaluation results of the evaluated graphite-containing refractories.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of Example 7-1 was not repeatedly subjected to magnesia / carbonaceous material filling and carbon fiber bundle arrangement, had a length of 600 mm, and a diameter of 7 ⁇ m / This is a graphite-containing refractory in which 12,000 carbon fibers are bundled in a single layer.
  • the raw material components of this graphite-containing refractory are the same as in Example 1-5, and the size of the graphite-containing refractory is the same as in Example 2-1.
  • the graphite-containing refractory was measured for bending strength, fracture energy, erosion resistance and crack resistance.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of Example 2-5 in which the carbon fiber bundles were arranged in layers had high bending strength and fracture energy.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of Example 7-1 in which the carbon fiber bundles were arranged in one layer had low bending strength and fracture energy. From this result, in order to increase the bending strength and fracture energy of the graphite-containing refractory, it was confirmed that it is preferable to arrange the carbon fiber bundles in layers by repeatedly filling the magnesia / carbonaceous raw material and arranging the carbon fiber bundles. It was.
  • Table 9 shows the production conditions and evaluation results of the evaluated graphite-containing refractories.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of Example 8-1 had a length of 1200 mm, and a magnesia powder after kneading a carbon fiber bundle of 24,000 bundles of carbon fibers having a diameter of 7 ⁇ m / piece. It is a graphite-containing refractory that is manufactured by being placed on a carbonaceous raw material.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of Example 8-2 is a graphite-containing refractory manufactured by placing the same carbon fiber bundle on the magnesia-carbonaceous raw material before kneading and then kneading.
  • the raw material components of these graphite-containing refractories are the same as in Example 1-5, and the size of graphite-containing refractories is the same as in Example 2-1.
  • the bending strength, fracture energy, melt resistance, and crack resistance of the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 8-1 and 8-2 were measured.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of Example 8-1 in which carbon fiber bundles were arranged in the kneaded magnesia / carbonaceous raw material had high bending strength and fracture energy.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of Example 8-2, in which the carbon fiber bundle was blended before kneading and then kneaded had lower bending strength and fracture energy than the graphite-containing refractory of Example 8-1. This is thought to be because, when the carbon fiber bundles were kneaded after being arranged, the carbon fiber bundles were cut by the stirring blades during the kneading, and the fiber length was shortened. It is done.
  • Table 10 shows the production conditions and evaluation results of the evaluated graphite-containing refractories.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view showing the charging angles of the carbon fiber bundles of Examples 9-1 to 9-3.
  • 2400 carbon fibers having a fiber length of 800 mm and a diameter of 7 ⁇ m / piece are bundled between the upper support plate 34 and the lower support plate 35.
  • An angle ⁇ 3 formed by the length direction of the carbon fiber bundle and the short direction of the graphite-containing refractory is 45 ° (see FIG. 10 (b) in the carbon fiber bundle bonded by the same method as the bonding method described in the description of Table 3. )), 90 ° (FIG. 10A), 135 ° (FIG.
  • the support member 30 on which the carbon fiber bundle 14 is disposed is placed in the molding container 36, and the space formed by the support member 30 and the molding container 36 is filled with the magnesia / carbonaceous raw material 12, and then the opening is closed and sealed. .
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state of molding with a CIP device.
  • the sealed forming container 36 was inserted into the CIP device 38 filled with the pressure medium 40, and the forming container 36 was pressurized through the pressure medium 40.
  • the molded body was taken out from the molding container 36, and graphite-containing refractories of Examples 9-1 to 9-4 were manufactured.
  • the raw material components of these graphite-containing refractories are the same as in Example 1-5, and the size of graphite-containing refractories is the same as in Example 2-1.
  • the bending strength, fracture energy, melt resistance and crack resistance of the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 9-1 to 9-4 were measured.
  • the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 9-1 to 9-3 in which the angle ⁇ 3 with respect to the short-side direction of the graphite-containing refractory is 45 °, 90 °, and 135 ° are stresses in the short-side direction.
  • the bending strength and fracture energy were high.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of Example 9-4 in which the angle ⁇ 3 with respect to the short-side direction of the graphite-containing refractory is 5 ° is shorter than the graphite-containing refractory of Examples 9-1 to 9-3. Bending strength and fracture energy against stress were low.
  • the angle ⁇ 3 with respect to the short direction of the graphite-containing refractory is 45 ° or more and 135 °. It was confirmed that the carbon fiber bundles are preferably arranged so as to be as follows.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the charging angles of the carbon fiber bundles of Examples 10-1 to 10-3.
  • the upper support plate 34 and the lower support plate 35 are used.
  • a bundle of 24,000 carbon fibers having a fiber length of 1200 mm and a diameter of 7 ⁇ m / piece is bonded between the carbon fiber bundle and the carbon fiber bundle bonded in the same manner as the bonding method described in Table 3.
  • the angle ⁇ 4 formed by the longitudinal direction of the contained refractory is 45 ° (FIG.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state of forming with a CIP device.
  • the sealed molding container 36 was inserted into the CIP device 38 filled with the pressure medium 40, and the molding container 36 was pressurized with the pressure medium 40.
  • the molded body was taken out from the molding container 36 to produce graphite-containing refractories of Examples 10-1 to 10-4.
  • the raw material components of these graphite-containing refractories are the same as in Example 1-5, and the size of graphite-containing refractories is the same as in Example 2-1.
  • the bending strength, fracture energy, melt resistance, and crack resistance of Examples 10-1 to 10-4 were measured.
  • the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 10-1 to 10-3 in which the angle ⁇ 4 with respect to the longitudinal direction of the graphite-containing refractory was 45 °, 90 °, and 135 ° were bent with respect to the stress in the longitudinal direction.
  • Strength and fracture energy were high.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of Example 10-4 in which the angle ⁇ 4 with respect to the longitudinal direction of the graphite-containing refractory is 5 ° is bent with respect to the stress in the longitudinal direction of the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 10-1 to 10-3.
  • the strength and fracture energy were low.
  • the carbon fiber bundle 14 is arranged so that the angle ⁇ 4 with respect to the longitudinal direction of the graphite-containing refractory is 45 ° or more and 135 ° or less. It was confirmed that it was preferable.
  • Table 12 shows production conditions and evaluation results of the evaluated graphite-containing refractories.
  • the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 11-1 to 11-11 were obtained by using a graphite-containing refractory raw material in which the amount of the alumina raw material, silicon carbide raw material, silica raw material, and graphite was changed.
  • This is a graphite-containing refractory in which a carbon fiber bundle in which 12,000 carbon fibers having a diameter of 7 ⁇ m / fiber are bundled is arranged.
  • the size of these graphite-containing refractories is the same as in Example 2-1, and the production method is the same as the method described in the explanation of Table 3.
  • the bending strength, fracture energy, melt resistance, and crack resistance of the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 11-1 to 11-11 were measured.
  • the amount of the alumina raw material is in the range of 10% by mass to 95% by mass
  • the amount of the silica raw material is in the range of 1% by mass to 50% by mass
  • the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 11-3 to 11-5 and Examples 11-7 to 11-10 with an amount of 1% by mass or more have high fracture energy, and have both high crack resistance and high erosion resistance. did it.
  • the blending amount of the alumina raw material is 10 It is confirmed that it is preferable that the amount is within a range of not less than 95% by mass and not more than 95% by mass, the amount of silicon carbide raw material is 1% by mass or more, and the amount of silica raw material is within the range of 1% by mass to 50% by mass. It was done.
  • the blending amount of refractory waste obtained by pulverizing used alumina / silicon carbide / carbonaceous refractory waste used for the refractory lining the hot metal pretreatment container is the bending strength of the graphite-containing refractory.
  • Table 13 shows the production conditions and evaluation results of the evaluated graphite-containing refractories.
  • the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 12-1 to 12-4 are graphite-containing refractory raw materials in which the blending amounts of refractory waste, alumina raw material, silicon carbide raw material, silica raw material, and graphite are changed. It is a graphite-containing refractory having a carbon fiber bundle in which 12,000 carbon fibers having a length of 600 mm and a diameter of 7 ⁇ m / fiber are arranged. The size of these graphite-containing refractories is the same as in Example 2-1, and the production method is the same as the method described in the explanation of Table 3. The bending strength, fracture energy, melt resistance, and crack resistance of the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 12-1 to 12-4 were measured.
  • the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 12-1 to 12-3 in which the amount of refractory waste was within the range of 10% by mass to 90% by mass were graphite using only virgin raw materials. It was confirmed to have crack resistance and melt resistance similar to those of the contained refractories.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of Example 12-4 in which the blending amount of refractory waste was 95.0% by mass decreased in resistance to melting.
  • the amount of refractory waste is preferably in the range of 10% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less in order to increase
  • Table 14 shows the production conditions and evaluation results of the evaluated graphite-containing refractories.
  • the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 13-1 to 13-6 were made of a graphite-containing refractory material in which the blending amount of the alumina raw material, the silicon carbide raw material, and the graphite was changed, and the length was 600 mm.
  • the graphite-containing refractory is provided with a carbon fiber bundle in which 12,000 carbon fibers having a diameter of 7 ⁇ m / fiber are bundled.
  • the size of these graphite-containing refractories is the same as in Example 2-1, and the production method is the same as the method described in the explanation of Table 3.
  • the bending strength, fracture energy, melt resistance, and crack resistance of the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 13-1 to 13-6 were measured.
  • the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 13-2 to 13-5 in which the blending amount of the alumina raw material is in the range of 10% by mass to 95% by mass maintain high bending strength and fracture energy.
  • both high crack resistance and resistance to melting damage can be achieved.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of Example 13-1 in which the blending amount of the alumina raw material was 6.0% by mass decreased in bending strength and fracture energy.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of Example 13-6 in which the blending amount of the alumina raw material was 98% by mass could not suppress the occurrence of cracks due to thermal spalling, the crack resistance was lowered, and the melt resistance was also lowered.
  • the blending amount of the alumina raw material is 10 mass% or more and 95 mass% or less. It was confirmed that it was preferable that the amount of silicon carbide raw material was within the range and the amount of silicon carbide raw material was 1% by mass or more.
  • Table 15 shows the production conditions and evaluation results of the evaluated graphite-containing refractories.
  • the graphite-containing refractory materials in Examples 14-1 to 14-4 and Comparative Example 14-1 are graphite-containing refractory materials in which the compounding amounts of silica material, silicon carbide material, and graphite are changed.
  • the graphite-containing refractory is provided with a carbon fiber bundle having a length of 600 mm and a bundle of 12,000 carbon fibers having a diameter of 7 ⁇ m / piece.
  • the size of these graphite-containing refractories is the same as in Example 2-1, and the production method is the same as the method described in the explanation of Table 3.
  • the bending strength, fracture energy, melt resistance, and crack resistance of the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 14-1 to 14-4 and Comparative Example 14-1 were measured.
  • the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 14-2 to 14-3 in which the blending amount of the silica raw material is in the range of 1% by mass to 50% by mass maintain high bending strength and fracture energy.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of Example 14-1 in which the blending amount of the silica raw material is less than 1% by mass has a small blending amount of the silica raw material and a large blending amount of 99.0% by mass. Sexually decreased.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of Example 14-4 in which the blending amount of the silica raw material was 98.0% by mass could not suppress the occurrence of cracks due to thermal spalling, and the crack resistance was lowered and the fracture energy was also lowered. From these results, in order to increase the bending strength and fracture energy of the graphite-containing refractory when the silica-carbonaceous graphite-containing refractory is used, the blending amount of the silica raw material is 1 mass% or more and 50 mass% or less. It was confirmed that it was preferable to be within the range.
  • Table 16 shows the production conditions and evaluation results of the evaluated graphite-containing refractories.
  • the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 15-1 to 15-9 were prepared using graphite-containing refractory raw materials in which short carbon fibers having different fiber diameters and fiber lengths were blended in different amounts. It is a graphite-containing refractory in which a carbon fiber bundle having a length of 600 mm and a bundle of 12,000 carbon fibers having a diameter of 7 ⁇ m / piece is arranged. The size of these graphite-containing refractories is the same as in Example 2-1, and the production method is the same as the method described in the explanation of Table 3. The bending strength, fracture energy, melt resistance, and crack resistance of the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 15-1 to 15-9 were measured.
  • short carbon fibers having a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m / fiber to 25 ⁇ m / fiber, a fiber length of 2 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, and a ratio of the fiber length to the fiber diameter of 2 to 40 are graphite-containing refractory.
  • the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 15-1 to 15-4 blended in the range of 0.10% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less as an outer shell with respect to the raw materials had high bending strength and fracture energy.
  • Example 15-5 In the graphite-containing refractory of Example 15-5, in which short carbon fibers with a fiber diameter of more than 45 ⁇ m / fiber and 50 ⁇ m / fiber were blended, the short carbon fiber had a large fiber diameter and lamination occurred during molding. For this reason, the graphite-containing refractory of Example 15-5 had lower bending strength and fracture energy than the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 15-1 to 15-4.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of Example 15-6 in which short carbon fibers having a fiber length of more than 1000 ⁇ m (1 mm) and 2000 ⁇ m (2 mm) were blended, had poor entanglement between the carbon fiber and the refractory material, and had a lamination when molded. Occurred. For this reason, the graphite-containing refractory of Example 15-6 had lower bending strength and fracture energy than the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 15-1 to 15-4.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of Example 15-7 in which one short carbon fiber having a ratio of fiber length to fiber diameter of less than 2 was blended had poor entanglement between the carbon fiber and the refractory raw material.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of -7 had lower bending strength and fracture energy than the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 15-1 to 15-4.
  • the graphite-containing refractory of Example 15-8 in which the short carbon fiber was blended so as to be 0.05% by mass, which is less than 0.10% by mass, was too small in the amount of carbon fiber to cause crack propagation due to the short carbon fiber. The suppression effect cannot be obtained. For this reason, the graphite-containing refractory of Example 15-8 had lower bending strength and fracture energy than the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 15-1 to 15-4.
  • Example 15-9 In the graphite-containing refractory of Example 15-9 in which short carbon fibers were blended so as to be 15% by mass exceeding 10% by mass, the carbon fiber and the refractory raw material were not entangled at all, and lamination occurred. For this reason, the graphite-containing refractory of Example 15-9 had lower bending strength and fracture energy than the graphite-containing refractories of Examples 15-1 to 15-4.
  • the fiber diameter is 1 ⁇ m / line to 25 ⁇ m / line
  • the fiber length is 2 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m
  • the ratio of the fiber diameter to the fiber length is It was confirmed that 2-40 short carbon fibers were preferably blended in the range of 0.10% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less with respect to the graphite-containing refractory raw material.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

従来の耐火物よりも曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが高い黒鉛含有耐火物およびその耐火物の製造方法を提供する。 黒鉛の含有量が1質量%以上80質量%以下の範囲内である黒鉛含有耐火物であって、繊維径が1μm/本以上45μm/本以下の範囲内である炭素繊維を1000本以上300000本以下の範囲内で束ねた、長さ100mm以上の炭素繊維束が内部に配置されている。

Description

黒鉛含有耐火物および黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法
 本発明は、内部に炭素繊維束が配置された黒鉛含有耐火物および黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法に関する。
 製鉄所において製銑工程や製鋼工程で使用される設備(精錬容器、搬送容器など)は、高温下で長期間の使用に耐えられるように耐火物が内張り施工されている。精錬工程において使用される転炉にはマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物が使用され、溶銑予備処理工程において使用されるトピードや高炉鍋の内張りにはアルミナ・炭化珪素・カーボン質耐火物が使用されている。これらの耐火物は、装入物による機械的衝撃、溶鋼および溶融スラグの撹拌による摩耗、溶融スラグによるスラグ浸食および操業中の急激な温度変化など非常に苛酷な条件下で使用される。このため、安定した操業を行うためにも、苛酷な条件に耐えられる耐用性の高い耐火物を使用することが好ましい。
 耐火物の耐用性を高める技術として、特許文献1には、棒状または網状の高強度繊維束を合成樹脂などで固化して、高強度繊維束の形状を崩すことなく内部に配置された耐火物が開示されている。このように、高強度繊維束の形状を崩すことなく耐火物の内部に配置することで、耐火物の機械的強度および耐スポール性を高められることが記載されている。特許文献2には、耐熱性の接着剤によって、引張り強度の高い繊維からなる一方向の束、撚り紐または織物が、表面の一部または全体に接着された耐火物が開示されている。このように、表面の一部または全体に引張り強度の高い繊維からなる一方向の束、撚り紐または織物を耐火物に接着することで、引張り強度が改善され、亀裂発生や破壊が抑制され、これにより耐火物の寿命が向上できることが記載されている。
特開2005-320196号公報 特開2007-106618号公報
 特許文献1および特許文献2に開示された耐火物に配置された炭素繊維の長さは90mm以下であり、過酷な条件に曝される転炉等に用いる耐火物としては強度が不十分である、という課題があった。本発明は、上記課題を鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、従来の耐火物よりも曲げ強度および耐火物を破壊するために要するエネルギー(以後、「破壊エネルギー」と記載する)が高い黒鉛含有耐火物ならびに黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法を提供することにある。
 このような課題を解決する本発明の特徴は、以下の通りである。
(1)黒鉛の含有量が1質量%以上80質量%以下の範囲内である黒鉛含有耐火物であって、長さが100mm以上の炭素繊維束が内部に配置され、前記炭素繊維束は、繊維径が1μm/本以上45μm/本以下の範囲内である炭素繊維が1000本以上300000本以下の範囲内で束ねられて形成される、黒鉛含有耐火物。
(2)前記炭素繊維は、1000本以上60000本以下の範囲内で束ねられる、(1)に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物。
(3)前記黒鉛含有耐火物は、マグネシア原料を20質量%以上99質量%以下の範囲内で含む、(1)または(2)に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物。
(4)前記黒鉛含有耐火物は、アルミナ原料を10質量%以上95質量%以下の範囲内で含み、炭化珪素原料を1質量%以上含む、(1)または(2)に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物。
(5)前記黒鉛含有耐火物は、さらにシリカ原料を1質量%以上50質量%以下の範囲内で含む、(4)に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物。
(6)前記黒鉛含有耐火物は、使用済み耐火物を粉砕した耐火物屑を10質量%以上90質量%以下の範囲内で含む、(1)または(2)に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物。
(7)前記炭素繊維束は、フェノール樹脂、アルミナゾル、シリカゾル、ピッチおよびタールから選定される1種以上の接着剤を用いて接着される、(1)から(6)の何れか1つに記載の黒鉛含有耐火物。
(8)前記炭素繊維束は、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ユリア樹脂、アルキド樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、ポリウレタン、熱硬化性ポリイミド、アルミナゾル、シリカゾル、ジルコニアゾル、クロミアゾル、チタニアゾル、マグネシアゾル、カルシアゾル、イットリアゾル、ピッチ、タールおよびでんぷん糊から選定される1種以上の接着剤を用いて接着される、(1)から(6)の何れか1つに記載の黒鉛含有耐火物。
(9)前記黒鉛含有耐火物は、繊維径が1μm/本以上45μm/本以下であって、繊維長が1mm以下であり、繊維径に対する繊維長の比率(繊維長/繊維径)が2以上1000以下である短炭素繊維を、前記黒鉛含有耐火物に対して外掛けで0.10質量%以上10質量%以下の範囲内でさらに含む、(1)から(8)の何れか1つに記載の黒鉛含有耐火物。
(10)黒鉛を1質量%以上80質量%以下の範囲内で含有し、内部に炭素繊維束が配置された黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法であって、炭素繊維を束ねて前記炭素繊維束にする束化工程と、耐火物原料に黒鉛を配合して黒鉛含有耐火物原料にする配合工程と、前記炭素繊維束が配置された前記黒鉛含有耐火物原料を成形して成形体にする成形工程と、前記成形体を乾燥する乾燥工程と、を有し、前記束化工程では、繊維径が1μm/本以上45μm/本以下の範囲内である前記炭素繊維を、1000本以上300000本以下の範囲内で束ねて、長さ100mm以上の炭素繊維束とする、黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
(11)前記束化工程では、前記炭素繊維を1000本以上60000本以下の範囲内で束ねる、(10)に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
(12)前記耐火物原料は、マグネシア原料であり、前記配合工程では、前記マグネシア原料を20質量%以上99質量%以下の範囲内で配合する、(10)または(11)に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
(13)前記耐火物原料は、アルミナ原料および炭化珪素原料であり、前記配合工程では、前記アルミナ原料を10質量%以上95質量%以下の範囲内で配合し、前記炭化珪素原料を1質量%以上配合する、(10)または(11)に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
(14)前記耐火物原料は、アルミナ原料、炭化珪素原料およびシリカ原料であり、前記配合工程では、アルミナ原料を10質量%以上95質量%以下の範囲内で配合し、前記炭化珪素原料を1質量%以上配合し、前記シリカ原料を1質量%以上50質量%以下の範囲内で配合する、(13)に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
(15)前記耐火物原料は、使用済み耐火物を粉砕した耐火物屑であり、前記配合工程では、前記耐火物屑を10質量%以上90質量%以下の範囲内で配合する(10)また(11)に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
(16)前記束化工程では、前記炭素繊維をフェノール樹脂、アルミナゾル、シリカゾル、ピッチおよびタールから選定される1種以上の接着剤を用いて接着する、(10)から(15)の何れか1つに記載の黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
(17)前記束化工程では、前記炭素繊維をフェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ユリア樹脂、アルキド樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、ポリウレタン、熱硬化性ポリイミド、アルミナゾル、シリカゾル、ジルコニアゾル、クロミアゾル、 チタニアゾル、マグネシアゾル、カルシアゾル、イットリアゾル、ピッチ、タールおよびでんぷん糊から選定される1種以上の接着剤を用いて接着する、(10)から(15)の何れか1つに記載の黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
(18)前記成形工程の前に、前記黒鉛含有耐火物原料を混練する混練工程と、前記黒鉛含有耐火物原料を成形する型枠に、混練された黒鉛含有耐火物原料と前記炭素繊維束とを充填する充填工程をさらに有する、(10)から(17)の何れか1つに記載の黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
(19)前記充填工程では、前記型枠の容積に対して5容積%以上の前記黒鉛含有耐火物原料を充填した後、相互間距離が3mm以上になるように前記炭素繊維束を並べて配置することを繰り返し、前記型枠に前記黒鉛含有耐火物原料と前記炭素繊維束とを充填する、(18)に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
(20)前記成形工程の前に、前記黒鉛含有耐火物原料を混練する混練工程と、前記黒鉛含有耐火物原料を成形する成形容器に、混練された黒鉛含有耐火物原料と前記炭素繊維束とを充填する充填工程をさらに有し、前記成形工程では、圧力媒体を介して前記成形容器に圧力を印加して成形体を成形する、(10)から(17)の何れか1つに記載の黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
(21)前記配合工程では、繊維径が1μm以上45μm以下であり、繊維長が1mm以下であり、繊維径に対する繊維長の比率(繊維長/繊維径)が2以上1000以下の範囲内である短炭素繊維を、前記黒鉛含有耐火物原料に対して外掛けで0.10質量%以上10質量%以下の範囲内で配合する、(10)から(20)の何れか1つに記載の黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
 100mm以上の長さを有する炭素繊維束を内部に配置することによって、従来よりも曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが高い黒鉛含有耐火物を製造できる。このように曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが高められた黒鉛含有耐火物を、例えば、転炉耐火物に用いることで安定した転炉操業が実現でき、黒鉛含有耐火物の寿命を延ばすことができる。
図1は、本実施形態に係るマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の一例を示す斜視図と側面図である。 図2は、炭素繊維束14の斜視図である。 図3は、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10を転炉耐火物として使用した一例を示す概略斜視図である。 図4は、短手方向と炭素繊維束14との角度θ2が45°であるマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10を示す斜視図と側面図である。 図5は、短手方向と炭素繊維束14との角度θ2が135°であるマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10を示す斜視図と側面図である。 図6は、本実施形態に係るマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の製造フローの一例を示す図である。 図7は、CIP成形による成形方法を説明する図である。 図8は、高周波誘導炉50を用いた溶損試験を説明する断面模式図である。 図9は、3点曲げ試験方法により得られた荷重―変位曲線の一例を示す。 図10は、実施例9-1~9-3の炭素繊維束の装入角度を示す断面模式図である。 図11は、CIP装置で成形する状態を示す断面模式図である。 図12は、実施例10-1~10-3の炭素繊維束の装入角度を示す断面模式図である。 図13は、CIP装置で成形する状態を示す断面模式図である。
 転炉の内張りに使用するマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物は、装入物による機械的衝撃、溶鋼および溶融スラグの撹拌による摩耗、溶融スラグによるスラグ浸食および転炉操業中の急激な温度変化など、非常に苛酷な条件下で使用される。このため、安定した操業を行うには、このような苛酷な条件に耐える耐用性の高いマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物を使用することが好ましい。同様に、トピードや高炉鍋など溶銑予備処理容器の内張りに使用するアルミナ・炭化珪素・カーボン質耐火物も非常に苛酷な条件下で使用されることから、これらの条件に耐える耐用性の高いアルミナ・炭化珪素・カーボン質耐火物を使用することが好ましい。
 本発明者らは、繊維径が1μm/本以上45μm/本以下の炭素繊維を1000本以上300000本以下の範囲内で束ねた、長さ100mm以上の炭素繊維束を耐火物の内部に配置することで、従来よりも黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが高くなることを見出して本発明を完成させた。以下、本発明の実施形態としてマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物の例を用いて本発明を説明する。
 図1は、本実施形態に係るマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の一例を示す斜視図と側面図である。図1(a)は、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の斜視図であり、図1(b)は、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の側面図である。本実施形態に係るマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10には、黒鉛にマグネシア原料を配合したマグネシア・カーボン質原料12の内部に、複数の炭素繊維束14が長手方向に沿って配置されている。これにより、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーは高くなる。
 本実施形態に係るマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10では、黒鉛を1質量%以上80質量%以下の範囲内で含み、マグネシア原料を20質量%以上99質量%以下の範囲内で含む。これにより、熱スポーリングによる耐火物の割れを抑制でき、かつ、転炉スラグに対する耐溶損性を向上できる。一方、黒鉛の含有量を1質量%未満にすると、熱スポーリングによる耐火物の割れを抑制できず、耐割れ性が大幅に低下する。マグネシア原料の含有量を20質量%未満にすると、転炉スラグに対する耐溶損性が低下し、溶損量が増大する。
 図2は、炭素繊維束14の斜視図である。炭素繊維束14は、複数の炭素繊維が束ねられて形成される。炭素繊維束14の長さL1は、100mm以上であって、炭素繊維束14を配置したマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10における炭素繊維束14の長手方向に沿った長さ以下にしている。炭素繊維束14は、端面の幅L2が1.0mm以上20.0mm以下、厚さL3が0.001mm以上6.0mm以下、L2の長さがL3よりも長くなるように、繊維径が1μm/本以上45μm/本以下の範囲内の炭素繊維が1000本以上300000本以下の範囲内で束ねられている。
 このように、本実施形態において、炭素繊維束14は、繊維径が1μm/本以上45μm/本以下の範囲内である炭素繊維を1000本以上300000本以下の範囲内で束ねられて形成されている。これにより、炭素繊維束14が配置された部位に炭素繊維束14による亀裂の進展を抑制する効果が発現し、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが高くなる。一方、炭素繊維の繊維径が1μm/本未満であって本数が1000本未満の炭素繊維束とすると、炭素繊維束が細すぎるので、炭素繊維束が亀裂の進展を抑制できず、曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高めることができない。炭素繊維の繊維径が45μm/本超えであって本数が300000本超えの炭素繊維束とすると、炭素繊維束が太すぎるので炭素繊維束と耐火物原料との絡みが悪化し、成形した際にスプリングバックが発生し、成形が困難になる。炭素繊維束14は、炭素繊維を1000本以上60000本以下の範囲内で束ねられて形成されてもよい。
 炭素繊維束14は、上記炭素繊維の束をフェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ユリア樹脂、アルキド樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、ポリウレタン、熱硬化性ポリイミド、アルミナゾル、シリカゾル、ジルコニアゾル、クロミアゾル、チタニアゾル、マグネシアゾル、カルシアゾル、イットリアゾル、ピッチ、タールおよびでんぷん糊から選定される1種以上の接着剤をつけて接着することが好ましい。炭素繊維の束を接着することで、炭素繊維間の密着性および炭素繊維束と耐火物原料との密着性が向上し成形体をより緻密化できるので、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが高くなる。
 炭素繊維束14の端面の幅L2の長さは、端面の厚さL3よりも長い。このように、炭素繊維束14の端面の幅L2の長さが端面の厚さL3よりも長い扁平形状にすることで、炭素繊維束14に曲げ強度の異方性を付与できる。そして、このように曲げ強度の異方性が付与された炭素繊維束14の向きを揃えて耐火物の内部に配置することで、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10も、曲げ強度の異方性を有するようになる。
 本実施形態に係るマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10は、成形面16に垂直となる方向からプレスされ成形され、製造された耐火物である。図1に示すように、炭素繊維束14は、炭素繊維束14の端面の長手方向の向きが同一方向に揃えられ、成形面16と端面の長手方向との角度θ1が90°になるように配置されている。図1(b)において、点線18は、成形面16と炭素繊維束14の端面の長手方向との角度θ1を表すために記載した成形面16に平行な線である。
このように、端面の長手方向と成形面16との角度θ1が90°になるように、炭素繊維束14の端面の幅方向の向きを同一方向に揃えて配置することで、成形のプレス時に炭素繊維束14の周囲にマグネシア・カーボン質原料12が入りこみやすくなり、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の成形性が向上する。さらに、長手方向の向きを同一方向に揃えて配置することで、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10も曲げ強度の異方性を有するようになり、長手方向と成形面16との角度θ1が90°になるように炭素繊維束14を配置することで、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の炭素繊維束14の端面の短手方向となる方向の曲げ強度より、炭素繊維束14の端面の長手方向となる方向の曲げ強度を高めることができる。長手方向と成形面16との角度θ1は、90°とすることが好ましいが、施工上の精度で90±45°程度の誤差は許容できる。
 図3は、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10を転炉耐火物として使用した一例を示す概略斜視図である。図3に示すように、転炉にマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10が用いられた場合、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10は、転炉の円周方向(図3中、矢印20)に成形面16が向くように設置される。この場合において、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10は、転炉操業中の急激な温度変化により膨張と収縮を繰り返し、これにより円周方向、すなわち、成形面16に垂直となる方向に応力が生じる。
 上述したように、本実施形態に係るマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10は、曲げ強度の異方性を有し、成形面16に平行となる方向の曲げ強度に対して成形面16に垂直となる方向の曲げ強度が高い。このため、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の成形面16を、転炉において応力が発生する円周方向に向けて配置することで、転炉で発生する応力に対して高い曲げ強度を発現できるマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10になる。このように、曲げ強度の異方性を有する本実施形態に係るマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10を、曲げ強度の高い方向を転炉において応力が発生する方向に向けて配置することで、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の耐用性を向上できる。
 本実施形態に係るマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10は、図1に示すように、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の成形面16に垂直となる方向と炭素繊維束14の長さL1に沿った方向との角度θ2が90°になるように配置されている。このように、炭素繊維束14を配置することで、成形面16に垂直となる方向と炭素繊維束14の長さL1に沿った方向とが平行になるように配置された場合よりも、成形面16に垂直となる方向の力に対するマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが高くなる。
 図4は、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の成形面16に垂直となる方向と炭素繊維束14の長さL1に沿った方向との角度θ2が45°であるマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10を示す斜視図と側面図である。図5は、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の成形面16に垂直となる方向と炭素繊維束14の長さL1に沿った方向との角度θ2が135°であるマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10を示す斜視図と側面図である。図4および図5に示したように、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の成形面16に垂直となる方向と炭素繊維束14の長さL1に沿った方向との角度θ2を45°以上135°以下の範囲内となるように、炭素繊維束14を配置することが好ましい。これにより、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の成形面16に垂直となる方向と、炭素繊維束14の長さL1に沿った方向が平行になるように炭素繊維束14を配置した場合よりもマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高めることができる。図4、図5では各炭素繊維束14を平行とし、面AEHDに対して平行に配置した例を示しているが、角度θ1とθ2がそれぞれ45°以上135°以下の範囲内であれば、それぞれの炭素繊維束14が平行でなくてもマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが高くなる。
 本実施形態に係るマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10は、さらに繊維径が1μm/本以上45μm/本以下であり、繊維長が1mm以下、繊維径に対する繊維長の比率(繊維長/繊維径)が2以上1000以下の範囲内である短炭素繊維を、マグネシア・カーボン質原料12に対して外掛けで0.10質量%以上10質量%以下の範囲内で含んでもよい。短炭素繊維を含むことで、当該短炭素繊維がマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の亀裂の進展を抑制し、これにより、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが高くなる。
 図6は、本実施形態に係るマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の製造フローの一例を示す図である。図6を用いてマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の製造方法を説明する。マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10は、炭素繊維の束化工程と、マグネシア・カーボン質原料12の配合工程と、マグネシア・カーボン質原料12の混練工程と、充填工程と、成形工程と、乾燥工程と、によって製造される。
 炭素繊維の束化工程(S101)では、まず、例えば、炭素繊維の繊維径が1μm/本以上45μm以下である市販の布状の炭素繊維を解して、長さが100mm以上の糸状の炭素繊維を取り出す。市販の炭素繊維としては、フィラメント状、トウ状、クロス状等種々の形状の炭素繊維があるが、いずれも適宜使用できる。次に、取り出した糸状の炭素繊維を1000本以上300000本以下の範囲内で束ねて、長さが100mm以上の炭素繊維束とする。次に、炭素繊維束をフェノール樹脂等の接着剤に1~2分程度浸漬させる。炭素繊維束をフェノール樹脂等の接着剤から取出し、24時間以上自然乾燥させる。
 マグネシア・カーボン質原料12の配合工程(S102)では、黒鉛の含有量がマグネシア・カーボン質原料12に対して1質量%以上80質量%以下、マグネシア原料の含有量がマグネシア・カーボン質原料12に対して20質量%以上99質量%以下になるように配合してマグネシア・カーボン質原料12とする。さらに、配合工程では、硬化剤およびバインダーが外掛けで所定量添加される。
 配合工程では黒鉛に加え、繊維径が1μm以上45μm以下であって、繊維長が1mm以下であって、繊維径に対する繊維長の比率(繊維長/繊維径)が2以上1000以下の範囲内である短炭素繊維をさらにマグネシア・カーボン質原料12に配合してもよい。
 マグネシア・カーボン質原料12の混練工程(S103)では、マグネシア・カーボン質原料12を、混練装置を用いて混練する。充填工程(S104)では、耐火物の型枠の容積に対して5容積%以上の混練されたマグネシア・カーボン質原料12を充填し、その後、炭素繊維束14の相互間距離が3mm以上になるように、炭素繊維束14を並べて配置する。次に、型枠の容積に対して5容積%以上の混練されたマグネシア・カーボン質原料12を充填し、その後、炭素繊維束14の相互間距離が3mm以上になるように、炭素繊維束14を並べて配置する。このマグネシア・カーボン質原料12の充填と、炭素繊維束14の配置とを繰り返し実施し、型枠にマグネシア・カーボン質原料12と、炭素繊維束14とを充填する。
 このように、炭素繊維束14の相互間距離が3mm以上になるように、炭素繊維束14を並べて配置するとともに、マグネシア・カーボン質原料12の充填と炭素繊維束の配置とを交互に繰り返し、横方向および高さ方法に炭素繊維を分散させて配置することで、マグネシア・カーボン質原料12と炭素繊維束との接触面積を増やすことができ、これにより、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが高くなる。一方、炭素繊維束を横方向および高さ方向に分散させずに配置した場合には、マグネシア・カーボン質原料12と炭素繊維束との接触面積を増やすことができず、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高めることができない。炭素繊維束14の相互間距離は、100mm以下になるように配置することが好ましい。炭素繊維束14の相互間距離を100mm超えとすると、炭素繊維束14が少なくなり曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高める効果が小さくなる。
 混練工程でマグネシア・カーボン質原料12の混練を実施した後に、充填工程で混練されたマグネシア・カーボン質原料12に炭素繊維束14を配置することが好ましい。炭素繊維束14を配置した後に混練工程を実施する、混練機に設けられた撹拌羽根によって炭素繊維束14が切断され、マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高める効果が小さくなるので好ましくない。
 成形工程(S105)では、成形面16に垂直となる方向からプレスし、耐火物の型枠内に充填したマグネシア・カーボン質原料12に型枠の内部形状を転写させ、成形体を成形する。型枠としては、金属、木材、合成樹脂、ゴム等の材質の型枠が使用できる。成形体は、乾燥工程(S106)において230℃で18時間乾燥されて、炭素繊維束14が内部に配置されたマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物10が製造される。
 本実施形態においては、耐火物原料としてマグネシア原料を用いた例を示したが、これに限らず、マグネシア原料に代えて、アルミナ原料および炭化珪素原料を用いてもよく、アルミナ原料、炭化珪素原料およびシリカ原料を用いてもよい。アルミナ原料および炭化珪素原料を用いた場合においては、アルミナ原料を、黒鉛含有耐火物原料に対して10質量%以上95質量%以下の範囲内で配合し、炭化珪素原料を、黒鉛含有耐火物原料に対して1質量%以上配合すればよい。アルミナ原料、炭化珪素原料およびシリカ原料を用いた場合においては、アルミナ原料を、黒鉛含有耐火物原料に対して10質量%以上95質量%以下の範囲内で配合し、炭化珪素原料を、黒鉛含有耐火物原料に対して1質量%以上配合し、シリカ原料を黒鉛含有耐火物原料に対して1質量%以上50質量%以下の範囲内で配合すればよい。
 アルミナ原料の配合量を10質量%以上95質量%以下にすることで、溶銑予備処理スラグに対する耐溶損性を向上できるとともに、熱スポーリングによる割れも抑制できる。一方、アルミナ原料の配合量を10質量%未満にすると、溶銑予備処理スラグに対する耐溶損性が低下するので好ましくない。アルミナ原料の配合量を95質量%超えとすると、熱スポーリングによる亀裂の発生を抑制できず、耐割れ性が低下するので好ましくない。
 炭化珪素原料の配合量を1質量%以上にすることで、大気雰囲気下における黒鉛の酸化を抑制できるので、黒鉛含有耐火物の高い耐割れ性を維持できる。一方、炭化珪素原料の配合量を1質量%未満にすると、大気雰囲気下における黒鉛の酸化を抑止できず、黒鉛含有耐火物の耐割れ性が低下するので好ましくない。
 シリカ原料の配合量を1質量%以上50質量%以下にすることで、高い耐割れ性と高い耐溶損性が両立された黒鉛含有耐火物にできる。一方、シリカ原料の配合量を1質量%未満にすると、膨張量が少なく微細亀裂が生成しないので、熱衝撃破壊抵抗を大きくできず、耐割れ性が低下するので好ましくない。シリカ原料の配合量を50質量%超えにすると、耐溶損性が大幅に低下するので好ましくない。
 このように黒鉛に上記のようにアルミナ原料および炭化珪素原料、または、アルミナ原料、炭化珪素原料およびシリカ原料を配合することで、黒鉛含有耐火物の溶銑予備処理スラグに対する耐溶損性を向上でき、かつ、黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高めることができる。このため、当該耐火物は、トピードや高炉鍋等の溶銑予備処理容器の内張り耐火物として好適に用いることができる。
 本実施形態においては、耐火物原料としてマグネシア原料を用いた例を示したが、これに限らず、マグネシア原料に代えて、アルミナ原料およびジルコニア原料を用いてもよい。アルミナ原料、ジルコニア原料および黒鉛を含むプレート耐火物に対しても本実施形態に係る炭素繊維束を配置することで、当該プレート耐火物の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高めることができる。
 本実施形態においては、耐火物原料としてマグネシア原料を用いた例を示したが、これに限らず、マグネシア原料に代えて、使用済みのアルミナ・炭化珪素・カーボン質耐火物を粉砕して得られた耐火物屑を用いてもよい。耐火物屑を用いた場合においては、耐火物屑を、黒鉛含有耐火物原料に対して10質量%以上90質量%以下の範囲内で配合すればよい。これにより、使用されていないバージン原料のみを用いた場合の黒鉛含有耐火物と同程度の耐割れ性および耐溶損性を実現できる。
 耐火物屑を用いた耐火物屑原料は、バージン原料と比較して純度が低いが、耐火物屑にバージン原料を10質量%以上配合することで、耐火物原料が有するAl成分が有する耐溶損性の大幅な低下を抑制できる。一方、耐火物屑原料の配合量を90質量%超えにすると、バージン原料の配合量が少なくなり過ぎ、耐火物屑原料中が有するAl成分が有する耐溶損性の大幅な低下が抑制できない。耐火物屑原料の配合量を10質量%未満にすると、耐火物屑の再利用率が低すぎるので、産業廃棄物としての耐火物屑の処理費用が大幅に上昇する。
 本実施形態においては、型枠に黒鉛含有耐火物原料と炭素繊維束14を充填して、成形体を成形する例を示したが、これに限らない。例えば、図7に示すような成形容器を用いたCIP成形によって成形体を成形してもよい。図7は、CIP成形による成形方法を説明する図であり、図7(a)は、成形容器36にマグネシア・カーボン質原料12と炭素繊維束14を充填した状態を示しており、図7(b)は、成形容器36を圧力媒体40が満たされたCIP装置38に装入された状態を示している。
 まず、成形容器36にマグネシア・カーボン質原料12と、炭素繊維束14を充填する方法について説明する。芯金32と、上支持盤34と、下支持盤35とを有する支持部材30において、芯金32と平行になるように、上支持盤34および下支持盤35に複数の炭素繊維束14を張り渡して配置する。炭素繊維束14が張り渡された支持部材30をゴム製の成形容器36内に配置する。支持部材30と成形容器36で形成される空間領域にマグネシア・カーボン質原料12を充填して、成形容器36の開口を閉じて密閉する。密封された成形容器36を、例えば、水や油等の圧力媒体40で満たされたCIP装置38に装入し、圧力媒体40に49MPa以上490MPa以下の圧力を印加する。これにより、圧力媒体40を介して成形容器36に均等な圧力を印加でき、成形体を成形できる。CIP成形は、大きな羽口耐火物の成形に用いることが好ましく、芯金32の長さ、芯金32の径、上支持盤34、下支持盤35の大きさ、成形容器36の大きさは、所望する羽口耐火物の羽口径等の大きさに合わせて適宜定めてよい。CIP成形を行う場合は、成形容器36の材質はゴムを使用することが好ましい。
 次に、実施例について説明する。転炉に使用するマグネシア・カーボン質原料を骨材とした黒鉛含有耐火物を以下に示す方法で評価した。まず、マグネシア原料および黒鉛の含有量を検討するため、表1の通り、マグネシア原料の含有量と、黒鉛の含有量を変え、図6のフローに従って、黒鉛含有耐火物を製作した後、耐溶損性および耐割れ性を評価した。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
 
 耐溶損性については、図8に示す高周波誘導炉を用いた内張り分け法を用いて測定した。
図8は、高周波誘導炉50を用いた溶損試験を説明する断面模式図である。図8に示すように、誘導コイル52を備えた高周波誘導炉50の底板54上に黒鉛含有耐火物60を筒状に設置し、試験温度1500℃、温度保持時間を4時間として、溶銑56または表2に示す組成の合成スラグ58を1時間ごとに投入し、冷却後に溶損量を測定した。表1の耐溶損性は、実施配合例1-3の溶損量を100とした溶損指数で評価した。すなわち、溶損指数が100未満の場合には、実施配合例1-3よりも溶損量が少ないことを意味し、溶損指数が100超えの場合には、実施配合1-3よりも溶損量が多いことを意味する。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
 
 耐割れ性については、40×40×200mmの試料の長手方向の動弾性率EをJIS(日本工業規格) R 1605に規定された超音波パルス法に従って測定した。1500℃で10分間加熱し、5分間水冷し、10分間大気冷却することを1サイクルとしたスポーリング試験を繰り返し3回実施し、その後、再び動弾性率Eを測定し、試験前後での動弾性率の変化率E/Eを算出し、この値で耐割れ性を評価した。この動弾性率の変化率であるE/Eが小さいことは、耐割れ性が低いことを意味する。
 表1に示すように、黒鉛の含有量を1質量%以上80質量%以下、マグネシア原料の含有量を20質量%以上99質量にした実施配合例1-2~1-8は、耐溶損性、耐割れ性が一定であったが、黒鉛の含有量を0.5質量%とした実施配合例1-1は、耐割れ性が大幅に低下し、マグネシア原料の含有量を10.0質量%にした実施配合例1-9は、耐溶損性が大幅に低下した。これらの結果から、耐火物原料としてマグネシア原料を用いた場合、黒鉛含有量を1質量%以上80質量%以下にし、マグネシア原料の含有量を20質量%以上99質量%以下にすることで、黒鉛含有耐火物の耐溶損性と耐割れ性とが両立できることが確認された。
 次に、黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊強度、耐溶損性および耐割れ性に及ぼす炭素繊維束の長さの影響について説明する。評価した黒鉛含有耐火物の製造条件および評価結果を表3に示す。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000003
 
 表3に示すように、繊維径が0.8~7μm/本の炭素繊維を炭素繊維束14の端面が扁平形状となるように990~12000本束ねた所、炭素繊維束14の端面の幅寸法は1.0mm以上20.0mm以下の範囲内、厚さは0.001mm以上10.0mm以下の範囲内に収まっていた。炭素繊維は、東レ株式会社製のトレカ(登録商標)品番CK6261Cを解したものを用いた。この炭素繊維束を90mm、100mm、200mm、400mm、600mm、800mm、1000mmの長さにそれぞれ切出し、炭素繊維間の密着性および炭素繊維束とマグネシア・カーボン質原料との密着性を向上させるため、炭素繊維束をフェノール樹脂に1分間浸漬させて密着させた後、これらの炭素繊維束とマグネシア・カーボン質原料を以下の方法で充填した。
 耐火物の大きさが長手方向1000mm、短手方向300mm、高さ90mmである型枠の型枠容積に対して10容積%のマグネシア・カーボン質原料を型枠の底部に充填し、成形面に垂直となる方向と炭素繊維束の長さL1に沿った方向との角度θ2が90°となり、炭素繊維束の相互間距離が5mmとなるように配置した。型枠に充填したマグネシア・カーボン質原料は、表1に示した実施配合例1-5のマグネシア・カーボン質原料である。
 このマグネシア・カーボン質原料の充填と炭素繊維束の配置とを繰り返すことでマグネシア・カーボン質原料と炭素繊維束とを型枠に充填した。充填完了後、図6のフローに従い、成形、乾燥を行って実施例2―1~2-7および比較例2-1の黒鉛含有耐火物を製作した。この黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊エネルギー、耐溶損性および耐割れ性を測定した。
 黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度は、試験片サイズを40×40×140mm、中心間距離を100mm、荷重印加速度を0.5mm/minとして、JIS(日本工業規格) R 2213に記載された3点曲げ試験方法に準拠して行った。
 図9は、3点曲げ試験方法により得られた荷重―変位曲線の一例を示す。破壊エネルギーは、3点曲げ試験方法で得られた荷重―変位曲線を用いて算出できる。荷重―変位曲線上において、第1ピーク値を示した変位を基準位置とし、当該基準位置からの変位が1mmとなる範囲の面積を破壊エネルギーとして算出した。
 表3に示すように、長さが100mm以上の炭素繊維束を装入した実施例2-1~2-7の黒鉛含有耐火物は、曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが著しく高かった。一方、長さが100mm未満の炭素繊維束を用いた比較例2-1の黒鉛含有耐火物は、実施例2-1~2-7の黒鉛含有耐火物より曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが低かった。この原因としては、比較例2-1の黒鉛含有耐火物は、炭素繊維束の長さが短かったので、炭素繊維束による耐火物の亀裂進展抑制効果が発揮されなかったためと考えられる。これらの結果から、黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高めるには、炭素繊維の長さを100mm以上にすればよいことが確認された。
 次に、黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊強度、耐溶損性および耐割れ性に及ぼす炭素繊維径および炭素繊維束の本数の影響について説明する。評価した黒鉛含有耐火物の製造条件および評価結果を表4に示す。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000004
 
 表4に示すように、実施例3-1~3-5および比較例3-1、3-2の黒鉛含有耐火物は、長さが600mmであって、繊維径が1μm/本、7μm/本、23μm/本、45μm/本、50μm/本である炭素繊維の束ねる本数を900本、1000本、10000本、12000本、30000本、60000本、300000本、400000本とした炭素繊維束が黒鉛含有耐火物に配置された黒鉛含有耐火物である。これら黒鉛含有耐火物の原料成分は実施配合例1-5と同じであり、黒鉛含有耐火物の大きさは実施例2-1と同じである。実施例3-1~3-5および比較例3-1、3-2の黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊エネルギー、耐溶損性および耐割れ性を測定した。
 表4に示すように、繊維径が1μm/本以上45μm/本以下の範囲内の炭素繊維を1000本以上300000本以下の範囲内の本数束ねられた炭素繊維束を用いた実施例3-1~3-5および実施例2-5の黒鉛含有耐火物は、曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが高かった。一方、繊維径が1μm/本未満であって炭素繊維の本数が1000本未満である炭素繊維束を用いた比較例3-1の黒鉛含有耐火物は、実施例2-5および実施例3-1~3-5の黒鉛含有耐火物より曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが低かった。繊維径が45μm/本を超える50μm/本の炭素繊維を300000本を超える400000本束ねられた炭素繊維束を用いた比較例3-2の黒鉛含有耐火物は、成形時にラミネーションが発生し、耐火物の側面から炭素繊維束がはみ出して成形が困難であった。この原因としては、炭素繊維束が太くなりすぎ、炭素繊維束とマグネシア・カーボン質原料とが絡まず、成形時に炭素繊維束によるスプリングバックが発生したことが原因であると考えられる。これらの結果から、黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高めるには、繊維径が1μm/本以上45μm/本以下の範囲内の炭素繊維を1000本以上300000本以下の範囲内の本数束ねられた炭素繊維束を用いればよいことが確認された。
 次に、黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊強度、耐溶損性および耐割れ性に及ぼす炭素繊維束の接着の有無の影響について説明する。評価した黒鉛含有耐火物の製造条件および評価結果を表5に示す。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000005
 
 表5に示すように、実施例4―1~4-11の黒鉛含有耐火物は、長さが600mmであって、径が7μm/本の炭素繊維を12000本束ね、接着剤としてフェノール樹脂、アルミナゾル、シリカゾル、ピッチ、タールおよびでんぷん糊を用いて接着した炭素繊維束および接着していない炭素繊維束が配置された黒鉛含有耐火物である。これらの黒鉛含有耐火物の原料成分は実施配合例1-5と同じであり、大きさは実施例2-1と同じであり、製造方法は表3の説明に記載した方法と同じである。実施例4―1~4-11の黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊エネルギー、耐溶損性および耐割れ性を測定した。
 表5に示すように、フェノール樹脂、アルミナゾル、シリカゾル、ピッチ、タール、でんぷん糊を用いて接着した炭素繊維束を用いた実施例2-5、4-1~4-5の黒鉛含有耐火物は、曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが高かった。フェノール樹脂とアルミナゾル、フェノール樹脂とシリカゾル、フェノール樹脂とピッチ、フェノール樹脂とタール、フェノール樹脂とでんぷん糊を用いて接着した炭素繊維束を用いた実施例4-6~4-10の黒鉛含有耐火物は、曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが高かった。
 一方、接着していない炭素繊維束を用いた実施例4-11の黒鉛含有耐火物は、実施例2-5および実施例4-1~4-10の黒鉛含有耐火物より曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが低かった。この原因としては、炭素繊維束を接着することで、炭素繊維間の密着性および炭素繊維束とマグネシア・カーボン質原料との密着性がより向上したからと考えられる。これらの結果から、黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高めるには、フェノール樹脂、アルミナゾル、シリカゾル、ピッチ、タールおよびでんぷん糊から選定される1種以上の接着剤を用いて炭素繊維を接着し、炭素繊維束とすることが好ましいことが確認された。また、上記接着剤に類するエポキシ樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ユリア樹脂、アルキド樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、ポリウレタン、熱硬化性ポリイミド、ジルコニアゾル、クロミアゾル、チタニアゾル、マグネシアゾル、カルシアゾルおよびイットリアゾルを用いたとしても同様の効果が得られると考えられる。
 次に、黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊強度、耐溶損性および耐割れ性に及ぼす炭素繊維束の傾きの影響について説明する。評価した黒鉛含有耐火物の製造条件および評価結果を表6に示す。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000006
 
 表6に示すように、実施例5-1~5-3の黒鉛含有耐火物は、長さが600mmであって、径が7μm/本の炭素繊維を12000本束ねた炭素繊維束が耐火物の短手方向との角度θ2が0°、45°、90°、135°になるように配置された黒鉛含有耐火物である。これら黒鉛含有耐火物の原料成分は実施配合例1-5と同じであり、黒鉛含有耐火物の大きさは実施例2-1と同じであり、製造方法は表3の説明に記載した方法と同じである。
 炭素繊維束を耐火物の短手方向との角度θ2が90°になるように配置した黒鉛含有耐火物とは、図1に示すような黒鉛含有耐火物であり、当該角度θ2が45°になるように配置した黒鉛含有耐火物とは、図4に示すような黒鉛含有耐火物であり、当該角度θ2が135°になるように配置した黒鉛含有耐火物とは、図5に示した黒鉛含有耐火物である。実施例5-1~5-3の黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊エネルギー、耐溶損性および耐割れ性を測定した。
 表6に示すように、炭素繊維束を短手方向との角度θ2が90°になるように配置した実施例2-5の黒鉛含有耐火物、短手方向との角度θ2が45°になるように炭素繊維束を配置した実施例5-1の黒鉛含有耐火物および短手方向との角度θ2が135°になるように炭素繊維束を配置した実施例5-2の黒鉛含有耐火物は、曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが高かった。一方、炭素繊維束を短手方向との角度θ2が0°になるように配置した実施例5-3の黒鉛含有耐火物は、実施例2-5および実施例5-1、5-2の黒鉛含有耐火物より曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが低かった。これらの結果から、黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高めるには、黒鉛含有耐火物の短手方向との角度θ2が45°以上135°以下になるように炭素繊維束を配置することが好ましいことが確認された。
 次に、黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊強度、耐溶損性および耐割れ性に及ぼす炭素繊維束の間隔の影響について説明する。評価した黒鉛含有耐火物の製造条件および評価結果を表7に示す。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000007
 
 表7に示すように、実施例6-1~6-4の黒鉛含有耐火物は、長さが600mmであって、径が7μm/本の炭素繊維を12000本束ねた炭素繊維束が炭素繊維束の相互間距離が1mm、3mm、30mm、100mmになるように配置された黒鉛含有耐火物である。これら黒鉛含有耐火物の原料成分は実施配合例1-5と同じであり、黒鉛含有耐火物の大きさは実施例2-1と同じであり、製造方法は表3の説明に記載した方法と同じである。実施例6-1~6-4の黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊エネルギー、耐溶損性および耐割れ性を測定した。
 表7に示すように、炭素繊維束の相互間距離が3mm、30mmになるように炭素繊維束を配置した実施例6-1、6-2の黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーは、炭素繊維束の相互間距離が100mmになるように配置した実施例6-3の黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーよりも若干高かった。炭素繊維束の相互間距離を1mmにして配置した実施例6-4の黒鉛含有耐火物は、炭素繊維束の間隔が狭すぎ、成形する際にラミネーションが発生し易くなった。このため、実施例6-4の黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーは低下し、耐溶損性と耐スポール性も低下した。炭素繊維束の相互間距離を100mmにした場合の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーは、炭素繊維束の相互間距離を3mm以上30mm以下にした場合より若干低下したもののほとんど変わらなかった。これらの結果から、黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高めるには、炭素繊維束の相互間距離を3mm以上100mm以下にすることが好ましく、炭素繊維束の相互間距離を3mm以上30mm以下にすることがより好ましいことが確認された。
 次に、黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊強度、耐溶損性および耐割れ性に及ぼす成形方向の炭素繊維束の間隔の影響について説明する。評価した黒鉛含有耐火物の製造条件および評価結果を表8に示す。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000008
 
 表8に示すように、実施例7-1の黒鉛含有耐火物は、マグネシア・カーボン質原料の充填と炭素繊維束の配置を繰り返し実施されず、長さが600mmであって、径が7μm/本の炭素繊維を12000本束ねた炭素繊維束が一層に配置された黒鉛含有耐火物である。この黒鉛含有耐火物の原料成分は実施配合例1-5と同じであり、黒鉛含有耐火物の大きさは実施例2-1と同じである。この黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊エネルギー、耐溶損性および耐割れ性を測定した。
 表8に示すように、炭素繊維束を層状に配置した実施例2-5の黒鉛含有耐火物は、曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが高かった。一方、炭素繊維束を一層に配置した実施例7-1の黒鉛含有耐火物は、曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが低かった。この結果から、黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高めるには、マグネシア・カーボン質原料の充填と炭素繊維束の配置を繰り返して炭素繊維束を層状に配置することが好ましいことが確認された。
 次に、黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊強度、耐溶損性および耐割れ性に及ぼす炭素繊維束の配置のタイミングの影響について説明する。評価した黒鉛含有耐火物の製造条件および評価結果を表9に示す。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000009
 
 表9に示すように、実施例8-1の黒鉛含有耐火物は、長さが1200mmであって、径が7μm/本の炭素繊維を24000本束ねた炭素繊維束が混練した後のマグネシア・カーボン質原料に配置されて製作された黒鉛含有耐火物である。実施例8-2の黒鉛含有耐火物は、同じ炭素繊維束が混練する前のマグネシア・カーボン質原料に配置され、その後に混練されて製作された黒鉛含有耐火物である。これら黒鉛含有耐火物の原料成分は実施配合例1-5と同じであり、黒鉛含有耐火物の大きさは実施例2-1と同じである。実施例8-1、8-2の黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊エネルギー、耐溶損性および耐割れ性を測定した。
 表9に示すように、混練後のマグネシア・カーボン質原料に炭素繊維束を配置した実施例8-1の黒鉛含有耐火物は、曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが高かった。一方、混練前に炭素繊維束を配合し、その後に混練した実施例8-2の黒鉛含有耐火物は、実施例8-1の黒鉛含有耐火物より曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが低かった。この原因としては、炭素繊維束を配置後に混練すると、当該混練中に撹拌羽根によって炭素繊維束が切断され、繊維長が短くなった結果、炭素繊維束の亀裂進展抑制効果が少なくなったからと考えられる。これらの結果から、黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高めるには、耐火物原料を混練した後であって、成形工程を実施する前に炭素繊維束を耐火物原料に配置することが好ましいことが確認された。
 次に、CIP成形で製造された黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊強度、耐溶損性および耐割れ性に及ぼす炭素繊維束の短手方向に対する角度の影響について説明する。評価した黒鉛含有耐火物の製造条件および評価結果を表10に示す。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000010
 
 図10は、実施例9-1~9-3の炭素繊維束の装入角度を示す断面模式図である。表10および図10(a)、(b)、(c)に示すように、上支持盤34と下支持盤35との間に繊維長800mm、径7μm/本の炭素繊維を2400本束ね、表3の説明に記載した接着方法と同様の方法で接着した炭素繊維束を、炭素繊維束の長さ方向と黒鉛含有耐火物の短手方向とがなす角度θ3が45°(図10(b))、90°(図10(a))、135°(図10(c))および5°になり、かつ、炭素繊維束の相互間距離が5mmになるように支持部材30に配置した。炭素繊維束14を配置した支持部材30を成形容器36の中に入れ、支持部材30と成形容器36とで形成された空間にマグネシア・カーボン質原料12を充填した後、開口を閉じて密閉した。
 図11は、CIP装置で成形する状態を示す断面模式図である。図11に示すように、圧力媒体40で満たされたCIP装置38に密閉した成形容器36を装入し、圧力媒体40を介して成形容器36を加圧した。所定時間圧力を加えた後、成形容器36から成形体を取り出して実施例9-1~9-4の黒鉛含有耐火物を製作した。これら黒鉛含有耐火物の原料成分は実施配合例1-5と同じであり、黒鉛含有耐火物の大きさは実施例2-1と同じである。実施例9-1~9-4の黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊エネルギー、耐溶損性および耐割れ性を測定した。
 表10に示すように、黒鉛含有耐火物の短手方向に対する角度θ3を45°、90°、135°にした実施例9-1~9-3の黒鉛含有耐火物は、短手方向の応力に対する曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが高かった。一方、黒鉛含有耐火物の短手方向に対する角度θ3を5°にした実施例9-4の黒鉛含有耐火物は、実施例9-1~9-3の黒鉛含有耐火物より、短手方向の応力に対する曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが低かった。これらの結果から、黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高めるには、CIP成形で成形された黒鉛含有耐火物においても、黒鉛含有耐火物の短手方向に対する角度θ3が45°以上135°以下になるように炭素繊維束を配置することが好ましいことが確認された。
 図10に示した黒鉛含有耐火物に対して炭素繊維束の配置方向を黒鉛含有耐火物の長手方向に沿った方向に変えてCIP成形で製造した黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊強度、耐溶損性および耐割れ性に及ぼす炭素繊維束の長手方向に対する角度の影響について説明する。評価した黒鉛含有耐火物の製造条件および評価結果を表11に示す。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000011
 
 図12は、実施例10-1~10-3の炭素繊維束の装入角度を示す断面模式図である。長手方向1500mm、短手方向150mm、高さ150mmの成形容器を用いて、表11および図12(a)、(b)、(c)に示したように、上支持盤34と下支持盤35との間に繊維長1200mm、径7μm/本の炭素繊維を24000本束ね、表3の説明に記載した接着方法と同様の方法で接着した炭素繊維束を、炭素繊維束の長さ方向と黒鉛含有耐火物の長手方向とがなす角度θ4が45°(図12(b))、90°(図12(a))、135°(図12(c))および5°になり、かつ、炭素繊維束の相互間距離が5mmになるように配置した。このように炭素繊維束14を配置した支持部材30を90°回転させた状態で成形容器36の中に入れ、支持部材30と成形容器36とで形成された空間にマグネシア・カーボン質原料12を充填した後、開口を閉じて密閉した。
 図13は、CIP装置で成形する状態を示す断面模式図である。図13に示すように、圧力媒体40で満たされたCIP装置38に密閉した成形容器36を装入し、圧力媒体40により成形容器36を加圧した。所定時間圧力を加えた後、成形容器36から成形体を取り出して実施例10-1~10-4の黒鉛含有耐火物を製作した。これら黒鉛含有耐火物の原料成分は実施配合例1-5と同じであり、黒鉛含有耐火物の大きさは実施例2-1と同じである。実施例10-1~10-4の曲げ強度、破壊エネルギー、耐溶損性および耐割れ性を測定した。
 表11に示すように、黒鉛含有耐火物の長手方向に対する角度θ4を45°、90°、135°にした実施例10-1~10-3の黒鉛含有耐火物は、長手方向の応力に対する曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが高かった。一方、黒鉛含有耐火物の長手方向に対する角度θ4を5°にした実施例10-4の黒鉛含有耐火物は、実施例10-1~10-3の黒鉛含有耐火物より長手方向の応力に対する曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが低かった。これらの結果から、黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高めるには、黒鉛含有耐火物の長手方向に対する角度θ4が45°以上135°以下になるように炭素繊維束14を配置することが好ましいことが確認された。
 次に、溶銑予備処理容器の内張り耐火物に使用されるアルミナ原料、炭化珪素原料およびシリカ原料の配合量が黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊強度、耐溶損性および耐割れ性に及ぼす影響について説明する。評価した黒鉛含有耐火物の製造条件および評価結果を表12に示す。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000012
 
 表12に示すように、実施例11―1~11―11の黒鉛含有耐火物は、アルミナ原料、炭化珪素原料、シリカ原料および黒鉛の配合量を変えた黒鉛含有耐火物原料を用いて、長さが600mmであって、径が7μm/本の炭素繊維を12000本束ねた炭素繊維束が配置された黒鉛含有耐火物である。これら黒鉛含有耐火物の大きさは実施例2-1と同じであり、製造方法は表3の説明に記載した方法と同じである。実施例11―1~11―11の黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊エネルギー、耐溶損性および耐割れ性を測定した。
 表12に示すように、アルミナ原料の配合量を10質量%以上95質量%以下の範囲内とし、シリカ原料の配合量を1質量%以上50質量%以下の範囲内とし、炭化珪素原料の配合量を1質量%以上とした実施例11-3~11-5および実施例11-7~11-10の黒鉛含有耐火物は、破壊エネルギーが高く、高い耐割れ性と高い耐溶損性を両立できた。一方、アルミナ原料の配合量を9.0質量%とし、シリカ原料の配合量を0.6質量%とした実施例11-1の黒鉛含有耐火物は、曲げ強度および耐溶損性が低下した。シリカ原料の配合量を0.6質量%とした実施例11-2の黒鉛含有耐火物は、耐溶損性が低下した。シリカ原料の配合量を55.0質量%とした実施例11-6の黒鉛含有耐火物も耐溶損性が低下した。さらに、アルミナ原料の配合量を99.0質量%とした実施例11-11の黒鉛含有耐火物は、曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが低下した。これらの結果から、黒鉛含有耐火物原料として、アルミナ原料、炭化珪素原料、シリカ原料および黒鉛を用いた場合において黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高めるには、アルミナ原料の配合量を10質量%以上95質量%以下の範囲内とし、炭化珪素原料の配合量を1質量%以上とし、シリカ原料の配合量を1質量%以上50質量%以下の範囲内とすることが好ましいことが確認された。
 次に、溶銑予備処理容器の内張り耐火物に使用される使用済みのアルミナ・炭化珪素・カーボン質耐火物屑を粉砕して得られた耐火物屑の配合量が黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊強度、耐溶損性および耐割れ性に及ぼす影響について説明する。評価した黒鉛含有耐火物の製造条件および評価結果を表13に示す。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000013
 
 表13に示すように、実施例12―1~12―4の黒鉛含有耐火物は、耐火物屑、アルミナ原料、炭化珪素原料、シリカ原料および黒鉛の配合量を変えた黒鉛含有耐火物原料を用いて、長さが600mmであって、径が7μm/本の炭素繊維を12000本束ねた炭素繊維束が配置された黒鉛含有耐火物である。これら黒鉛含有耐火物の大きさは実施例2-1と同じであり、製造方法は表3の説明に記載した方法と同じである。実施例12―1~12―4の黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊エネルギー、耐溶損性および耐割れ性を測定した。
 表13に示すように、耐火物屑の配合量を10質量%以上90質量%以下の範囲内とした実施例12-1~12-3の黒鉛含有耐火物は、バージン原料のみを用いた黒鉛含有耐火物と同程度の耐割れ性および耐溶損性を有することが確認された。一方、耐火物屑の配合量を95.0質量%とした実施例12-4の黒鉛含有耐火物は、耐溶損性が低下した。これらの結果から、黒鉛含有耐火物原料として、使用済みのアルミナ・炭化珪素・カーボン質耐火物屑を粉砕して得られた耐火物屑を用いた場合において黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高めるには、耐火物屑の配合量を10質量%以上90質量%以下の範囲内にすることが好ましいことが確認された。
 次に、アルミナ・カーボン質系の黒鉛含有耐火物におけるアルミナ原料および炭化珪素原料の配合量が黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊強度、耐溶損性および耐割れ性に及ぼす影響について説明する。評価した黒鉛含有耐火物の製造条件および評価結果を表14に示す。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000014
 
 表14に示すように、実施例13―1~13―6の黒鉛含有耐火物は、アルミナ原料、炭化珪素原料および黒鉛の配合量を変えた黒鉛含有耐火物原料を用いて、長さが600mmであって、径が7μm/本の炭素繊維を12000本束ねた炭素繊維束が配置された黒鉛含有耐火物である。これら黒鉛含有耐火物の大きさは実施例2-1と同じであり、製造方法は表3の説明に記載した方法と同じである。実施例13―1~13―6の黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊エネルギー、耐溶損性および耐割れ性を測定した。
 表14に示すように、アルミナ原料の配合量を10質量%以上95質量%以下の範囲内とした実施例13-2~13-5の黒鉛含有耐火物は、曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高く維持でき、さらに、高い耐割れ性および耐溶損性を両立できることが確認された。一方、アルミナ原料の配合量を6.0質量%とした実施例13-1の黒鉛含有耐火物は、曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが低下した。アルミナ原料の配合量を98質量%とした実施例13-6の黒鉛含有耐火物は、熱スポーリングによる亀裂の発生を抑制できず、耐割れ性が低下し、耐溶損性も低下した。これらの結果から、アルミナ・カーボン質系の黒鉛含有耐火物を用いた場合において黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高めるには、アルミナ原料の配合量を10質量%以上95質量%以下の範囲内とし、炭化珪素原料の配合量を1質量%以上にすることが好ましいことが確認された。
 次に、シリカ・カーボン質系の黒鉛含有耐火物におけるシリカ原料および炭化珪素原料の配合量が黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊強度、耐溶損性および耐割れ性に及ぼす影響について説明する。評価した黒鉛含有耐火物の製造条件および評価結果を表15に示す。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000015
 
 表15に示すように、実施例14―1~14―4、比較例14-1の黒鉛含有耐火物は、シリカ原料、炭化珪素原料および黒鉛の配合量を変えた黒鉛含有耐火物原料を用いて、長さが600mmであって、径が7μm/本の炭素繊維を12000本束ねた炭素繊維束が配置された黒鉛含有耐火物である。これら黒鉛含有耐火物の大きさは実施例2-1と同じであり、製造方法は表3の説明に記載した方法と同じである。実施例14―1~14―4、比較例14-1の黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊エネルギー、耐溶損性および耐割れ性を測定した。
 表15に示すように、シリカ原料の配合量を1質量%以上50質量%以下の範囲内とした実施例14-2~14-3の黒鉛含有耐火物は、曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高く維持でき、さらに、高い耐割れ性および耐溶損性を両立できることが確認された。一方、シリカ原料の配合量を1質量%未満とした実施例14-1の黒鉛含有耐火物は、シリカ原料の配合量が少なく、黒鉛の配合量が99.0質量%と多いので、耐溶損性が大幅に低下した。シリカ原料の配合量を98.0質量%とした実施例14-4の黒鉛含有耐火物は、熱スポーリングによる亀裂の発生を抑制できず、耐割れ性が低下し、破壊エネルギーも低下した。これらの結果から、シリカ・カーボン質系の黒鉛含有耐火物を用いた場合において黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高めるには、シリカ原料の配合量を1質量%以上50質量%以下の範囲内とすることが好ましいことが確認された。
 次に、短炭素繊維を配合した黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊強度、耐溶損性および耐割れ性に及ぼす短炭素繊維の影響について説明する。評価した黒鉛含有耐火物の製造条件および評価結果を表16に示す。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000016
 
 表16に示すように、実施例15―1~15―9の黒鉛含有耐火物は、繊維径および繊維長を変えた短炭素繊維を異なる配合量で配合した黒鉛含有耐火物原料を用いて、長さが600mmであって、径が7μm/本の炭素繊維を12000本束ねた炭素繊維束が配置された黒鉛含有耐火物である。これら黒鉛含有耐火物の大きさは実施例2-1と同じであり、製造方法は表3の説明に記載した方法と同じである。実施例15―1~15―9の黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度、破壊エネルギー、耐溶損性および耐割れ性を測定した。
 表16に示すように、繊維径が1μm/本~25μm/本であり、繊維長が2μm~1000μmであり、繊維径に対する繊維長の比率が2~40である短炭素繊維が、黒鉛含有耐火物原料に対して外掛けで0.10質量%以上10質量%以下の範囲内で配合された実施例15-1~15-4の黒鉛含有耐火物は、曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが高かった。繊維径が45μm/本を超える50μm/本の短炭素繊維が配合された実施例15-5の黒鉛含有耐火物は、短炭素繊維の繊維径が太く、成形時にラミネーションが発生した。このため、実施例15-5の黒鉛含有耐火物は、実施例15-1~15-4の黒鉛含有耐火物より曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが低かった。
 繊維長が1000μm(1mm)を超える2000μm(2mm)の短炭素繊維が配合された実施例15-6の黒鉛含有耐火物は、炭素繊維と耐火物原料の絡みが悪く、成形した際にラミネーションが発生した。このため、実施例15-6の黒鉛含有耐火物は、実施例15-1~15-4の黒鉛含有耐火物より曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが低かった。
 繊維径に対する繊維長の比率が2未満である1の短炭素繊維が配合された実施例15-7の黒鉛含有耐火物は、炭素繊維と耐火物原料の絡みが悪く、このため、実施例15-7の黒鉛含有耐火物は、実施例15-1~15-4の黒鉛含有耐火物より曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが低かった。
 0.10質量%未満である0.05質量%となるように短炭素繊維を配合した実施例15-8の黒鉛含有耐火物は、炭素繊維の配合量が少な過ぎて短炭素繊維による亀裂進展抑制効果が得られない。このため、実施例15-8の黒鉛含有耐火物は、実施例15-1~15-4の黒鉛含有耐火物より曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが低かった。
 10質量%を超える15質量%となるように短炭素繊維を配合した実施例15-9の黒鉛含有耐火物は、炭素繊維と耐火物原料が全く絡まず、成形した際にラミネーションが発生した。このため、実施例15-9の黒鉛含有耐火物は、実施例15-1~15-4の黒鉛含有耐火物より曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーが低かった。
 これらの結果から、黒鉛含有耐火物の曲げ強度および破壊エネルギーを高めるには、繊維径が1μm/本~25μm/本であり、繊維長が2μm~1000μmであり、繊維径と繊維長の比率が2~40である短炭素繊維を黒鉛含有耐火物原料に対して外掛けで0.10質量%以上10質量%以下の範囲内で配合することが好ましいことが確認された。
 10 マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物
 12 マグネシア・カーボン質原料
 14 炭素繊維束
 16 成形面
 18 点線
 20 矢印
 30 支持部材
 32 芯金
 34 上支持盤
 35 下支持盤
 36 成形容器
 38 CIP装置
 40 圧力媒体
 50 高周波誘導炉
 52 誘導コイル
 54 底板
 56 溶銑
 58 合成スラグ
 60 黒鉛含有耐火物

Claims (21)

  1.  黒鉛の含有量が1質量%以上80質量%以下の範囲内である黒鉛含有耐火物であって、
     長さが100mm以上の炭素繊維束が内部に配置され、
     前記炭素繊維束は、繊維径が1μm/本以上45μm/本以下の範囲内である炭素繊維が1000本以上300000本以下の範囲内で束ねられて形成される、黒鉛含有耐火物。
  2.  前記炭素繊維は、1000本以上60000本以下の範囲内で束ねられる、請求項1に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物。
  3.  前記黒鉛含有耐火物は、マグネシア原料を20質量%以上99質量%以下の範囲内で含む、請求項1または請求項2に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物。
  4.  前記黒鉛含有耐火物は、アルミナ原料を10質量%以上95質量%以下の範囲内で含み、炭化珪素原料を1質量%以上含む、請求項1または請求項2に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物。
  5.  前記黒鉛含有耐火物は、さらにシリカ原料を1質量%以上50質量%以下の範囲内で含む、請求項4に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物。
  6.  前記黒鉛含有耐火物は、使用済み耐火物を粉砕した耐火物屑を10質量%以上90質量%以下の範囲内で含む、請求項1または請求項2に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物。
  7.  前記炭素繊維束は、フェノール樹脂、アルミナゾル、シリカゾル、ピッチおよびタールから選定される1種以上の接着剤を用いて接着される、請求項1から請求項6の何れか一項に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物。
  8.  前記炭素繊維束は、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ユリア樹脂、アルキド樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、ポリウレタン、熱硬化性ポリイミド、アルミナゾル、シリカゾル、ジルコニアゾル、クロミアゾル、チタニアゾル、マグネシアゾル、カルシアゾル、イットリアゾル、ピッチ、タールおよびでんぷん糊から選定される1種以上の接着剤を用いて接着される、請求項1から請求項6の何れか一項に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物。
  9.  前記黒鉛含有耐火物は、繊維径が1μm/本以上45μm/本以下であって、繊維長が1mm以下であり、繊維径に対する繊維長の比率(繊維長/繊維径)が2以上1000以下である短炭素繊維を、前記黒鉛含有耐火物に対して外掛けで0.10質量%以上10質量%以下の範囲内でさらに含む、請求項1から請求項8の何れか一項に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物。
  10.  黒鉛を1質量%以上80質量%以下の範囲内で含有し、内部に炭素繊維束が配置された黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法であって、
     炭素繊維を束ねて前記炭素繊維束にする束化工程と、
     耐火物原料に黒鉛を配合して黒鉛含有耐火物原料にする配合工程と、
     前記炭素繊維束が配置された前記黒鉛含有耐火物原料を成形して成形体にする成形工程と、
     前記成形体を乾燥する乾燥工程と、
     を有し、
     前記束化工程では、繊維径が1μm/本以上45μm/本以下の範囲内である前記炭素繊維を、1000本以上300000本以下の範囲内で束ねて、長さ100mm以上の炭素繊維束とする、黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
  11.  前記束化工程では、前記炭素繊維を1000本以上60000本以下の範囲内で束ねる、請求項10に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
  12.  前記耐火物原料は、マグネシア原料であり、
     前記配合工程では、前記マグネシア原料を20質量%以上99質量%以下の範囲内で配合する、請求項10または請求項11に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
  13.  前記耐火物原料は、アルミナ原料および炭化珪素原料であり、
     前記配合工程では、前記アルミナ原料を10質量%以上95質量%以下の範囲内で配合し、
     前記炭化珪素原料を1質量%以上配合する、請求項10または請求項11に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
  14.  前記耐火物原料は、アルミナ原料、炭化珪素原料およびシリカ原料であり、
     前記配合工程では、アルミナ原料を10質量%以上95質量%以下の範囲内で配合し、
     前記炭化珪素原料を1質量%以上配合し、
     前記シリカ原料を1質量%以上50質量%以下の範囲内で配合する、請求項13に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
  15.  前記耐火物原料は、使用済み耐火物を粉砕した耐火物屑であり、
     前記配合工程では、前記耐火物屑を10質量%以上90質量%以下の範囲内で配合する請求項10または請求項11に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
  16.  前記束化工程では、前記炭素繊維をフェノール樹脂、アルミナゾル、シリカゾル、ピッチおよびタールから選定される1種以上の接着剤を用いて接着する、請求項10から請求項15の何れか一項に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
  17.  前記束化工程では、前記炭素繊維をフェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ユリア樹脂、アルキド樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、ポリウレタン、熱硬化性ポリイミド、アルミナゾル、シリカゾル、ジルコニアゾル、クロミアゾル、 チタニアゾル、マグネシアゾル、カルシアゾル、イットリアゾル、ピッチ、タールおよびでんぷん糊から選定される1種以上の接着剤を用いて接着する、請求項10から請求項15の何れか一項に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
  18.  前記成形工程の前に、
     前記黒鉛含有耐火物原料を混練する混練工程と、
     前記黒鉛含有耐火物原料を成形する型枠に、混練された黒鉛含有耐火物原料と前記炭素繊維束とを充填する充填工程をさらに有する、請求項10から請求項17の何れか一項に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
  19.  前記充填工程では、前記型枠の容積に対して5容積%以上の前記黒鉛含有耐火物原料を充填した後、相互間距離が3mm以上になるように前記炭素繊維束を並べて配置することを繰り返し、前記型枠に前記黒鉛含有耐火物原料と前記炭素繊維束とを充填する、請求項18に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
  20.  前記成形工程の前に、
     前記黒鉛含有耐火物原料を混練する混練工程と、
     前記黒鉛含有耐火物原料を成形する成形容器に、混練された黒鉛含有耐火物原料と前記炭素繊維束とを充填する充填工程をさらに有し、
     前記成形工程では、圧力媒体を介して前記成形容器に圧力を印加して成形体を成形する、請求項10から請求項17の何れか一項に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
  21.  前記配合工程では、繊維径が1μm以上45μm以下であり、繊維長が1mm以下であり、繊維径に対する繊維長の比率(繊維長/繊維径)が2以上1000以下の範囲内である短炭素繊維を、前記黒鉛含有耐火物原料に対して外掛けで0.10質量%以上10質量%以下の範囲内で配合する、請求項10から請求項20の何れか一項に記載の黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法。
PCT/JP2018/003333 2017-02-24 2018-02-01 黒鉛含有耐火物および黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法 Ceased WO2018155118A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16/487,248 US11156403B2 (en) 2017-02-24 2018-02-01 Graphite-containing refractory and method of producing graphite-containing refractory
KR1020197024278A KR102341900B1 (ko) 2017-02-24 2018-02-01 흑연 함유 내화물 및 흑연 함유 내화물의 제조 방법
JP2018516590A JP6593529B2 (ja) 2017-02-24 2018-02-01 黒鉛含有耐火物および黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法
EP18757658.2A EP3587378B1 (en) 2017-02-24 2018-02-01 Graphite-containing refractory article and method for manufacturing graphite-containing refractory article
BR112019017208-4A BR112019017208B1 (pt) 2017-02-24 2018-02-01 Refratário que contém grafite e seu método de produção
RU2019126662A RU2730718C1 (ru) 2017-02-24 2018-02-01 Графитсодержащий огнеупорный материал и способ получения графитсодержащего огнеупорного материала
CN201880013645.5A CN110352183B (zh) 2017-02-24 2018-02-01 含石墨的耐火物及含石墨的耐火物的制造方法
US17/326,424 US11629916B2 (en) 2017-02-24 2021-05-21 Graphite-containing refractory and method of producing graphite-containing refractory

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2017033126 2017-02-24
JP2017-033126 2017-02-24

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US16/487,248 A-371-Of-International US11156403B2 (en) 2017-02-24 2018-02-01 Graphite-containing refractory and method of producing graphite-containing refractory
US17/326,424 Division US11629916B2 (en) 2017-02-24 2021-05-21 Graphite-containing refractory and method of producing graphite-containing refractory

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018155118A1 true WO2018155118A1 (ja) 2018-08-30

Family

ID=63252730

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/JP2018/003333 Ceased WO2018155118A1 (ja) 2017-02-24 2018-02-01 黒鉛含有耐火物および黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (2) US11156403B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP3587378B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP6593529B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR102341900B1 (ja)
CN (1) CN110352183B (ja)
RU (1) RU2730718C1 (ja)
TW (1) TWI691473B (ja)
WO (1) WO2018155118A1 (ja)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109748576A (zh) * 2019-02-25 2019-05-14 长兴南冶冶金材料有限公司 一种高炉水冲沟陶瓷耐磨预制件
JP2023089721A (ja) * 2021-12-16 2023-06-28 Jfeスチール株式会社 黒鉛含有耐火物およびその製造方法
JP2023130033A (ja) * 2022-03-07 2023-09-20 Jfeスチール株式会社 黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法
JP2023130030A (ja) * 2022-03-07 2023-09-20 Jfeスチール株式会社 黒鉛含有耐火物、および黒鉛含有耐火物を備えた製鉄容器
JP2023149344A (ja) * 2022-03-31 2023-10-13 Jfeスチール株式会社 黒鉛含有耐火物
JP2023149350A (ja) * 2022-03-31 2023-10-13 Jfeスチール株式会社 黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法
JP2023166932A (ja) * 2022-05-10 2023-11-22 Jfeスチール株式会社 黒鉛含有耐火物
JP2023166933A (ja) * 2022-05-10 2023-11-22 Jfeスチール株式会社 黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法
JP2024072595A (ja) * 2022-11-16 2024-05-28 Jfeスチール株式会社 溶融金属精錬容器の装入壁用耐火物の選定方法および溶融金属精錬容器

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11156403B2 (en) * 2017-02-24 2021-10-26 Jfe Steel Corporation Graphite-containing refractory and method of producing graphite-containing refractory
KR102475182B1 (ko) * 2020-12-28 2022-12-06 이준영 차화기능을 갖는 복합섬유시트

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07206535A (ja) * 1993-12-29 1995-08-08 Osaka Gas Co Ltd 繊維補強耐火構造物およびその製造方法
JPH08259311A (ja) * 1995-03-28 1996-10-08 Nippon Steel Corp マグネシア−カーボン質耐火れんがの製造方法
JP2005320196A (ja) 2004-05-07 2005-11-17 Nippon Steel Corp 機械的強度および耐スポール性に優れる耐火物およびその製造方法
JP2007106618A (ja) 2005-10-12 2007-04-26 Nippon Steel Corp 繊維強化耐火物
JP2013001606A (ja) * 2011-06-17 2013-01-07 Jfe Steel Corp 使用済みマグネシアカーボンレンガの再利用方法およびマグネシアカーボンレンガの製造方法

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5418063A (en) * 1989-01-18 1995-05-23 Loral Vought Systems Corporation Carbon-carbon composite and method of making
US5439627A (en) 1990-06-29 1995-08-08 Flexline Services Ltd. Process for manufacturing reinforced composites
US5177039A (en) * 1990-12-06 1993-01-05 Corning Incorporated Method for making ceramic matrix composites
US5389716A (en) * 1992-06-26 1995-02-14 Georgia-Pacific Resins, Inc. Fire resistant cured binder for fibrous mats
DE19711829C1 (de) * 1997-03-21 1998-09-03 Daimler Benz Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung einer faserverstärkten Verbundkeramik
JP4452030B2 (ja) * 2002-04-03 2010-04-21 新日本製鐵株式会社 無機繊維からなる棒状成形体で補強した耐火物とその製造方法
US7297368B2 (en) 2003-04-15 2007-11-20 Ultramet Method of making carbon fiber-carbon matrix reinforced ceramic composites
RU2337083C2 (ru) * 2006-06-07 2008-10-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-производственная фирма "Кераком" (ООО "НПФ "Кераком") Способ получения волокнисто-армированного углерод-карбидокремниевого композиционного материала
JP4206454B2 (ja) * 2006-08-18 2009-01-14 福井県 多軸補強積層成型品及びその製造方法
EP2080781A4 (en) * 2006-11-09 2014-06-11 Teijin Chemicals Ltd COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
TWI396785B (zh) 2009-06-10 2013-05-21 Mitsubishi Rayon Co 碳纖維用丙烯腈膨潤絲、前驅體纖維束、防焰纖維束、碳纖維束及它們的製造方法
JP5944619B2 (ja) * 2010-02-18 2016-07-05 日立化成株式会社 炭素繊維複合材、及びこの炭素繊維複合材を用いたブレーキ用部材、半導体用構造部材、耐熱性パネル、ヒートシンク
JP2011213519A (ja) 2010-03-31 2011-10-27 Kurosaki Harima Corp 厚肉鱗状黒鉛含有耐火物
KR101722041B1 (ko) 2013-03-21 2017-04-03 구로사키 하리마 코포레이션 내화물 및 주조용 노즐
US11156403B2 (en) * 2017-02-24 2021-10-26 Jfe Steel Corporation Graphite-containing refractory and method of producing graphite-containing refractory

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07206535A (ja) * 1993-12-29 1995-08-08 Osaka Gas Co Ltd 繊維補強耐火構造物およびその製造方法
JPH08259311A (ja) * 1995-03-28 1996-10-08 Nippon Steel Corp マグネシア−カーボン質耐火れんがの製造方法
JP2005320196A (ja) 2004-05-07 2005-11-17 Nippon Steel Corp 機械的強度および耐スポール性に優れる耐火物およびその製造方法
JP2007106618A (ja) 2005-10-12 2007-04-26 Nippon Steel Corp 繊維強化耐火物
JP2013001606A (ja) * 2011-06-17 2013-01-07 Jfe Steel Corp 使用済みマグネシアカーボンレンガの再利用方法およびマグネシアカーボンレンガの製造方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP3587378A4

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109748576A (zh) * 2019-02-25 2019-05-14 长兴南冶冶金材料有限公司 一种高炉水冲沟陶瓷耐磨预制件
JP7563370B2 (ja) 2021-12-16 2024-10-08 Jfeスチール株式会社 黒鉛含有耐火物およびその製造方法
JP2023089721A (ja) * 2021-12-16 2023-06-28 Jfeスチール株式会社 黒鉛含有耐火物およびその製造方法
JP2024152749A (ja) * 2021-12-16 2024-10-25 Jfeスチール株式会社 黒鉛含有耐火物およびその製造方法
JP2023130033A (ja) * 2022-03-07 2023-09-20 Jfeスチール株式会社 黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法
JP2023130030A (ja) * 2022-03-07 2023-09-20 Jfeスチール株式会社 黒鉛含有耐火物、および黒鉛含有耐火物を備えた製鉄容器
JP7619306B2 (ja) 2022-03-07 2025-01-22 Jfeスチール株式会社 黒鉛含有耐火物、および黒鉛含有耐火物を備えた製鉄容器
JP7607605B2 (ja) 2022-03-07 2024-12-27 Jfeスチール株式会社 黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法
JP2023149344A (ja) * 2022-03-31 2023-10-13 Jfeスチール株式会社 黒鉛含有耐火物
JP2023149350A (ja) * 2022-03-31 2023-10-13 Jfeスチール株式会社 黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法
JP7709125B2 (ja) 2022-03-31 2025-07-16 Jfeスチール株式会社 黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法
JP7709124B2 (ja) 2022-03-31 2025-07-16 Jfeスチール株式会社 黒鉛含有耐火物
JP2023166933A (ja) * 2022-05-10 2023-11-22 Jfeスチール株式会社 黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法
JP2023166932A (ja) * 2022-05-10 2023-11-22 Jfeスチール株式会社 黒鉛含有耐火物
JP7704066B2 (ja) 2022-05-10 2025-07-08 Jfeスチール株式会社 黒鉛含有耐火物
JP2024072595A (ja) * 2022-11-16 2024-05-28 Jfeスチール株式会社 溶融金属精錬容器の装入壁用耐火物の選定方法および溶融金属精錬容器
JP7732146B2 (ja) 2022-11-16 2025-09-02 Jfeスチール株式会社 溶融金属精錬容器の装入壁用耐火物の選定方法および溶融金属精錬容器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20190368815A1 (en) 2019-12-05
JPWO2018155118A1 (ja) 2019-03-07
JP6593529B2 (ja) 2019-10-23
EP3587378A1 (en) 2020-01-01
KR102341900B1 (ko) 2021-12-21
BR112019017208A2 (pt) 2020-04-14
EP3587378A4 (en) 2020-01-15
US11629916B2 (en) 2023-04-18
KR20190105238A (ko) 2019-09-16
US20210270529A1 (en) 2021-09-02
CN110352183A (zh) 2019-10-18
TW201835005A (zh) 2018-10-01
TWI691473B (zh) 2020-04-21
EP3587378B1 (en) 2024-06-05
RU2730718C1 (ru) 2020-08-25
US11156403B2 (en) 2021-10-26
CN110352183B (zh) 2022-03-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP6593529B2 (ja) 黒鉛含有耐火物および黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法
JP6631611B2 (ja) マグネシア・カーボン質耐火物及びマグネシア・カーボン質耐火物の製造方法
JP6957544B2 (ja) 黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法
JP7607605B2 (ja) 黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法
JP6974801B2 (ja) 黒鉛含有耐火物
JP7709124B2 (ja) 黒鉛含有耐火物
JP7704066B2 (ja) 黒鉛含有耐火物
JP4945257B2 (ja) 耐火物
JP7709125B2 (ja) 黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法
JP7563370B2 (ja) 黒鉛含有耐火物およびその製造方法
JP7619306B2 (ja) 黒鉛含有耐火物、および黒鉛含有耐火物を備えた製鉄容器
JP2022074684A (ja) 炭素含有耐火物
JP2023166933A (ja) 黒鉛含有耐火物の製造方法
JP6375555B2 (ja) マグネシア・カーボンれんがの製造方法
JP5556043B2 (ja) 耐スポーリング性に優れた耐火物及びその製造方法
JP2005231953A (ja) 黒鉛含有煉瓦
KR101370635B1 (ko) 철강용 내화물
JP2006089321A (ja) 流し込み耐火材
JP2006021980A (ja) 流し込み耐火材
JPH06107469A (ja) 鋳造用耐火物の製造方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2018516590

Country of ref document: JP

Kind code of ref document: A

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 18757658

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 20197024278

Country of ref document: KR

Kind code of ref document: A

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: BR

Ref legal event code: B01A

Ref document number: 112019017208

Country of ref document: BR

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2018757658

Country of ref document: EP

Effective date: 20190924

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 112019017208

Country of ref document: BR

Kind code of ref document: A2

Effective date: 20190819