WO2018209653A1 - 普鲁士蓝类正极材料及其制备方法、电化学储能装置 - Google Patents

普鲁士蓝类正极材料及其制备方法、电化学储能装置 Download PDF

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WO2018209653A1
WO2018209653A1 PCT/CN2017/084923 CN2017084923W WO2018209653A1 WO 2018209653 A1 WO2018209653 A1 WO 2018209653A1 CN 2017084923 W CN2017084923 W CN 2017084923W WO 2018209653 A1 WO2018209653 A1 WO 2018209653A1
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positive electrode
electrode material
prussian blue
neutral ligand
based positive
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王喜庆
郭永胜
梁成都
苏硕剑
王莹
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01CAMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C3/00Cyanogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01C3/08Simple or complex cyanides of metals
    • C01C3/11Complex cyanides
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    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01CAMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C3/00Cyanogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01C3/08Simple or complex cyanides of metals
    • C01C3/12Simple or complex iron cyanides
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/136Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/40Electric properties
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028Positive electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of energy storage devices, in particular to a Prussian blue cathode material, a preparation method thereof and an electrochemical energy storage device.
  • the Prussian blue-based positive electrode material is usually obtained by coprecipitating a transition metal cyanide anion (M'(CN) 6 m- ) with a transition metal cation (M n+ ) in an aqueous solution.
  • Carbon ligands in cyanide complex with transition metal M' to synthesize hexacoordinate octahedral structure M'(CN) 6 , M'(CN) 6 octahedron uncoordinated nitrogen ligand and transition metal M It also synthesizes a hexa-coordinated octahedral structure M(NC) 6 , so the M'(CN) 6 octahedron and the M(NC) 6 octahedron are alternately connected to each other to form a three-dimensional skeleton crystal structure (see left in Figure 1).
  • M'(CN) 6 holes are easily generated in the crystal of the Prussian blue cathode material (as shown in the right figure of Fig. 1).
  • a Prussian blue class obtained by coprecipitation of a +2 valence transition metal cation M 2+ with a four negatively charged [M'(CN) 6 ] 4- anion (where M' valence is also +2 valence)
  • the molar ratio of M to M' should be 2:1, so the proportion of M'(CN) 6 holes is as high as 50% (see Table 1).
  • the transition metal M has only five adjacent nitrogen ligands coordinated to it, and the remaining one is replaced by water. (called bound water), forming a MN 5 O octahedral structure.
  • bound water forming a MN 5 O octahedral structure.
  • MN 5 O octahedrons containing coordinating water are produced around each M'(CN) 6 hole; if the M'(CN) 6 hole ratio continues to increase, MN 4 O 2 may also occur.
  • Octahedron in the pores of the crystal structure of the Prussian blue cathode material, there is also crystal water (also known as interstitial water).
  • the interstitial water does not participate in the coordination of M, and may exist in the pores alone or in coordination. Water forms hydrogen bonds.
  • the molecular formula of the Prussian blue-based positive electrode material crystal can be expressed as A x M c [M'(CN) 6 ] 1-y ( bH 2 O) 6y ⁇ y ⁇ (iH 2 O) z , where A can be an alkali metal or Alkaline earth metal cation; M, M' is a transition metal, which may be Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, etc.; ⁇ is M'(CN) 6 hole; bH 2 O is a coordination water; iH 2 O is void water; 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 16.
  • Table 1 lists the ratio of M'(CN) 6 holes in the crystal of the Prussian blue-based positive electrode material in different cases, in which the coordination water and the void water in the molecular formula are omitted.
  • the presence of each cavity produces six coordination waters, which greatly enhances the water absorption of the positive electrode material.
  • the void water in the pores of the crystal structure of the Prussian blue-based positive electrode material is hydrogen-bonded due to easy formation and coordination water, thereby increasing the difficulty in removing void water. If the void water is not removed, these void waters occupy a portion of the space in the pores of the crystal structure of the Prussian blue-based positive electrode material, hindering the transport of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ions (such as Na + or Li + ).
  • the pore water will also be released into the electrolyte and cause side reactions with it, causing electrolyte consumption, unstable SEI membrane of the anode, and increased impedance, resulting in capacity decay of the electrochemical energy storage device. Bad consequences such as flatulence.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a Prussian blue-based positive electrode material, a preparation method thereof, and an electrochemical energy storage device.
  • a neutral ligand is involved in a transition metal. Coordination, partial or complete replacement of the coordination water, thereby reducing or even removing the content of the coordination water, so the water absorption performance of the Prussian blue cathode material is significantly reduced, thereby significantly improving the performance of the electrochemical energy storage device.
  • the present invention provides a Prussian blue-based positive electrode material having a molecular formula of A x M c [M'(CN) 6 ] 1-y ( bH 2 O) 6y- d L d ⁇ y ⁇ (iH 2 O) z .
  • A is one or more of an alkali metal cation, an alkaline earth metal cation, Zn 2+ , Al 3+ ; M is a metal of 2+ and 3+ valence; and M' is a metal of 2+ and 3+ valence;
  • bH 2 O is a coordination water;
  • is M′(CN) 6 hole;
  • L is a neutral ligand, and the neutral ligand is selected from one of CH 3 CN, NH 3 , CO, C 5 H 5 N Or several;
  • iH 2 O is void water; 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2; 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 1; 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1; 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 6 y; 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 16.
  • the invention provides a method for preparing a Prussian blue-based positive electrode material, comprising the steps of: synthesizing a compound of the formula A x M c [M'(CN) 6 ] 1-y ( bH 2 O) 6y ⁇ y ⁇ (iH 2 O) z
  • the positive electrode material is placed in the environment of neutral ligand L, and the molecular formula is A x M c [M'(CN) 6 by ligand exchange.
  • A is an alkali metal cation, an alkaline earth metal cation, Zn 2+ , Al 3+ One or more of them; M is a metal of 2+ and 3+ valence; M' is a metal of 2+ and 3+ valence; bH 2 O is a coordination water; ⁇ is M'(CN) 6 hole; L is a neutral ligand, and the neutral ligand is selected from one or more of CH 3 CN, NH 3 , CO, C 5 H 5 N; iH 2 O is void water; 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2;0 ⁇ c ⁇ 1; 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1; 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 6 y; 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 16.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a Prussian blue-based positive electrode material comprising the steps of: cyanide anion of transition metal M' and cation of transition metal M in neutral ligand L
  • a Prussian blue-based positive electrode material having a molecular formula of A x M c [M'(CN) 6 ] 1-y ( bH 2 O) 6y-d L d ⁇ y ⁇ (iH 2 O) z is prepared by coprecipitation in an environment; : A is one or more of an alkali metal cation, an alkaline earth metal cation, Zn 2+ , Al 3+ ; M is a metal of 2+ and 3+ valence; M' is a metal of 2+ and 3+ valence; bH 2 O is a coordination water; ⁇ is M′(CN) 6 hole; L is a neutral ligand, and the neutral ligand is selected from one of CH 3 CN, NH 3 ,
  • the invention provides an electrochemical energy storage device comprising: a positive electrode sheet; a negative electrode sheet; and a separator.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode film provided on the positive electrode current collector and containing the positive electrode material.
  • the positive electrode material comprises the Prussian blue-based positive electrode material according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the neutral ligand participates in the coordination of the transition metal, partially or completely replaces the coordination water, thereby reducing or even removing the content of the coordination water, so the Prussian blue-based positive electrode material
  • the water absorption performance is significantly reduced, which in turn can significantly improve the performance of the electrochemical energy storage device.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the crystal structure of a Prussian blue-based positive electrode material.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of ligand exchange of Prussian blue-based positive electrode materials.
  • a large gray sphere represents a metal M
  • a black larger sphere represents a metal M'
  • a gray smaller sphere represents a carbon atom
  • a black smaller sphere represents a nitrogen atom
  • the Prussian blue-based positive electrode material according to the present invention a preparation method thereof, and an electrochemical energy storage device will be described in detail below.
  • a Prussian blue-based positive electrode material according to a first aspect of the present invention, which has a molecular formula of A x M c [M'(CN) 6 ] 1-y ( bH 2 O) 6y-d L d ⁇ y ⁇ (iH 2 ) O) z .
  • A is one or more of an alkali metal cation, an alkaline earth metal cation, Zn 2+ , Al 3+ ; M is a metal of 2+ and 3+ valence; and M' is a metal of 2+ and 3+ valence;
  • bH 2 O is a coordination water;
  • is M′(CN) 6 hole;
  • L is a neutral ligand, and the neutral ligand is selected from CH 3 CN, NH 3 , CO, C 5 H 5 N
  • iH 2 O is void water; 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2; 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 1; 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1; 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 6 y; 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 16.
  • the neutral ligand L participates in the coordination of the transition metal M, partially or completely replaces the coordination water bH 2 O, thereby reducing or even removing the coordination water bH The content of 2 O, therefore, the water absorption performance of the Prussian blue-based positive electrode material is remarkably lowered.
  • the pore water iH 2 O in the Prussian blue-based positive electrode material is more easily removed by a heating process (for example, removed during the drying process of the positive electrode slurry), and does not affect the A ion (the A ion is an alkali metal cation, an alkaline earth metal) cations, Zn 2+, Al 3+ in one or more) of a transmission; while reducing the negative impact of the pore water iH 2 O is present, for example iH 2 O pore water in the electrolyte will be free, impact The performance of electrochemical energy storage devices.
  • A may be selected from the group consisting of Li + , Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Al 3+ One or several.
  • M may be a transition metal. Further preferably, M may be selected from one of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Ru, Sn, In, Cd.
  • M' may be a transition metal. Further preferably, M' may be selected from one of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Ru, Sn, In, Cd.
  • a method for preparing a Prussian blue-based positive electrode material according to the second aspect of the present invention for preparing the Prussian blue-based positive electrode material according to the first aspect of the present invention includes the steps of: pre-synthesizing a molecular formula of A x M c [M'(CN) 6 ] 1-y ( bH 2 O) 6y ⁇ y ⁇ (iH 2 O) z
  • the positive electrode material is placed in the environment of neutral ligand L, and the molecular formula is prepared by ligand exchange.
  • the neutral ligand is
  • the environment of the neutral ligand L may be a solution containing a neutral ligand L or a gas containing a neutral ligand L.
  • the solution containing the neutral ligand L may be a liquid formed of the neutral ligand L itself, an aqueous solution containing the neutral ligand L or a mixed solution of water and an organic solvent containing the neutral ligand L.
  • the organic solvent may be selected from one or more of methanol, ethanol, acetone, DMF, DMSO, tetrahydrofuran, n-propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, and propylene glycol.
  • the gas containing the neutral ligand L may be a gas formed by the pure neutral ligand L itself or a mixed gas of the neutral ligand L and an inert gas.
  • the inert gas may be selected from one or more of N 2 , CO 2 , Ar, He.
  • a x M c [M'(CN) 6 ] 1-y ( bH 2 O) 6y ⁇ y ⁇ (iH 2 O) z can be prepared by a conventional coprecipitation reaction.
  • a method for preparing a Prussian blue-based positive electrode material according to the third aspect of the present invention for preparing the Prussian blue-based positive electrode material according to the first aspect of the present invention comprising the steps of: cyanide anion and transition metal of transition metal M'
  • the cation of M is coprecipitated in the environment of neutral ligand L to prepare a formula of A x M c [M'(CN) 6 ] 1-y ( bH 2 O) 6y-d L d ⁇ y ⁇ (iH 2 O ) z Prussian blue-based cathode materials; wherein: a is an alkali metal cation, one or more alkaline earth metal cations, Zn 2+, Al 3+ in; M is a metal price 2+ and 3+; M 'is 2+ and 3+ valence metals; bH 2 O is a coordination water; ⁇ is M′(CN) 6 holes; L is a neutral ligand, and the neutral ligand is
  • the environment of the neutral ligand L may be a solution containing a neutral ligand L or a gas containing a neutral ligand L.
  • the solution containing the neutral ligand L may be a liquid formed of the neutral ligand L itself, an aqueous solution containing the neutral ligand L or a mixed solution of water and an organic solvent containing the neutral ligand L.
  • the organic solvent may be selected from one or more of methanol, ethanol, acetone, DMF, DMSO, tetrahydrofuran, n-propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, and propylene glycol.
  • the gas containing the neutral ligand L may be a gas formed by the pure neutral ligand L itself or a mixed gas of the neutral ligand L and an inert gas.
  • the inert gas may be selected from one or more of N 2 , CO 2 , Ar, He.
  • an electrochemical energy storage device comprising: a positive electrode sheet; a negative electrode sheet; and a separator.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode film provided on the positive electrode current collector and containing the positive electrode material.
  • the positive electrode material comprises the Prussian blue-based positive electrode material according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the electrochemical energy storage device may be a lithium ion battery, a sodium ion battery, a potassium ion battery, a zinc ion battery, or an aluminum ion battery.
  • the Prussian blue-based positive electrode material according to the first aspect of the present invention is a Prussian blue-based positive electrode material containing A ions for improving the performance of an electrochemical energy storage device corresponding to A ions, wherein the A ions are alkali metal cations.
  • the negative electrode sheet may include a negative electrode current collector and an anode negative film provided on the negative electrode current collector and containing the negative electrode material, the negative electrode material being selected from the group consisting of carbon-based One or more of materials, silicon-based materials.
  • the negative electrode sheet may also be an A metal or an A metal alloy, wherein A is one or more of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, Zn, and Al.kind.
  • Example 2 1.85 Mn[Fe(CN) 6 ] 0.96 (bH 2 O) 0.24-d1 (CH 3 CN) d1 ⁇ 0.04 ⁇ (iH 2 O) 1.61 , the water content decreased from 2311ppm to 1044ppm after drying at 120 °C for 12h. The water content was only 3157 ppm after being placed in the air for 1 h, indicating that the water absorption of the sodium-containing Prussian blue-based positive electrode material obtained in Example 1 was greatly reduced; and the sample in Example 2 was synthesized by coprecipitation in an aqueous ammonia solution, NH 3 .
  • Example 3 Comparing the water content test results of Example 3 and Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that Na 1.58 Fe[Fe(CN) 6 ] 0.90 (bH 2 O) 0.60 ⁇ 0.10 ⁇ (iH 2 O) 1.34 after drying at 120 ° C for 12 h It still contains 3296ppm of water, and its water absorption is particularly strong. After being placed in air for 1h, the water content is increased to 10372ppm. However, after the sample in Example 3 is exchanged with acetonitrile, some of the coordination water is replaced by acetonitrile to become Na 1.58 Fe.
  • a neutral ligand L is introduced into the Prussian blue-based positive electrode material of the present invention, and the neutral ligand L partially or completely replaces the coordination water bH 2 O to reduce or even remove the coordination water bH 2 in the Prussian blue-based positive electrode material.
  • the content of O significantly reduces the water absorption properties of the Prussian blue cathode material.

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Abstract

本发明提供一种普鲁士蓝类正极材料及其制备方法、电化学储能装置。所述普鲁士蓝类正极材料的分子式为AxMc[M'(CN)6]1-y(b-H2O)6y-dLd·□y·(i-H2O)z。其中:A为碱金属阳离子、碱土金属阳离子、Zn2+、Al3+中的一种或几种;M为2+和3+价位的金属;M'为2+和3+价位的金属;b-H2O为配位水;□为M'(CN)6空穴;L为中性配体,中性配体选自CH3CN、NH3、CO、C5H5N中的一种或几种;i-H2O为空隙水;0<x≤2;0<c≤1;0<y<1;0<d≤6y;0≤z≤16。在本发明的普鲁士蓝类正极材料中,中性配体L参与过渡金属M的配位,部分或完全取代配位水,从而降低甚至去除配位水的含量,因此所述普鲁士蓝类正极材料的吸水性能显著降低,进而能明显改善电化学储能装置的性能。

Description

普鲁士蓝类正极材料及其制备方法、电化学储能装置 技术领域
本发明涉及储能装置领域,具体涉及一种普鲁士蓝类正极材料及其制备方法、电化学储能装置。
背景技术
普鲁士蓝类正极材料通常是通过将一种过渡金属氰化物阴离子(M′(CN)6 m-)与一种过渡金属阳离子(Mn+)在水溶液中共沉淀而得。氰根中的碳配体与过渡金属M′络合成六配位的八面体结构M′(CN)6,M′(CN)6八面体中的未配位的氮配体与过渡金属M也络合成六配位的八面体结构M(NC)6,因此M′(CN)6八面体与M(NC)6八面体相互交替相连而形成三维的骨架晶体结构(如图1的左图所示)。同时出于电荷平衡的缘故,普鲁士蓝类正极材料晶体中极易产生M′(CN)6空穴(如图1的右图所示)。例如,在+2价的过渡金属阳离子M2+与带四个负电荷的[M′(CN)6]4-阴离子(其中M′的价态也是+2价)共沉淀得到的普鲁士蓝类正极材料晶体中,为了保持电荷平衡,M与M′的摩尔比应为2:1,因此M′(CN)6空穴的比例高达50%(见表1)。
当普鲁士蓝类正极材料晶体结构中有碱金属或碱土金属阳离子的存在时,由于氰根不与这些金属阳离子配位,所以碱金属或碱土金属阳离子可以起到平衡电荷的作用,从而降低普鲁士蓝类正极材料晶体结构中M′(CN)6空穴的比例。即使如此,M′(CN)6八面体中的未配位的氮配体与过渡金属M的络合能力非常强,产物在水溶液中的溶度积常数(Ksp)非常小,因此当过渡金属氰化物阴离子(M′(CN)6 m-)与过渡金属阳离子(Mn+)一混合立即就生成沉淀,致使普鲁士蓝类正极材料晶体结构中M′(CN)6空穴的比例仍然会很高。
如图1的右图所示,在有M′(CN)6空穴存在的单元中,过渡金属M只有五个相邻的氮配体与之配位,剩下的一个配位由水取代(称为配位水,bound  water),形成MN5O八面体结构。这样,每个M′(CN)6空穴周围就产生六个含配位水的MN5O八面体;如果M′(CN)6空穴比例继续增多的话,还有可能出现MN4O2八面体。同时在普鲁士蓝类正极材料晶体结构的孔道中还存在结晶水(lattice water,又称空隙水,interstitial water),空隙水不参与M的配位,可以单独存在于孔道中,也可以和配位水形成氢键。
普鲁士蓝类正极材料晶体的分子式可以表示为AxMc[M′(CN)6]1-y(b-H2O)6y·□y·(i-H2O)z,其中A可为碱金属或碱土金属阳离子;M、M′为过渡金属,可以为Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cr等;□为M′(CN)6空穴;b-H2O为配位水;i-H2O为空隙水;0<c≤1,0<x≤2,0<y<1,0≤z≤16。表1列出了不同情况下普鲁士蓝类正极材料晶体中M′(CN)6空穴的比例,其中,分子式中的配位水和空隙水均省略。
表1普鲁士蓝类正极材料晶体中M′(CN)6空穴比例
Figure PCTCN2017084923-appb-000001
在普鲁士蓝类正极材料中,每个空穴的存在,产生六个配位水,使正极材料的吸水性大大增强了。且在普鲁士蓝类正极材料晶体结构的孔道中的空隙水由于易和配位水形成氢键,从而增加了去除空隙水的难度。如果空隙水没有除尽,这些空隙水会占据普鲁士蓝类正极材料晶体结构的孔道中的部分空间,阻碍了碱金属或碱土金属离子(例如Na+或Li+)的传输。如果空隙水没有除尽,这些孔隙水还会游离到电解液中,并与之发生副反应,引起电解液消耗、负极SEI膜不稳定、阻抗增大,导致电化学储能装置出现容量衰减、胀气等不良后果。
由此,如何去除空隙水是合成普鲁士蓝类正极材料的主要难题之一。去除空隙水通常是将普鲁士蓝类正极材料粉料或由其制备的电极片放置在真空干燥箱中,并长时间抽真空加热。但是由于这类材料的吸水性很强,普鲁 士蓝类正极材料粉料或由其制备的电极片从真空干燥箱取出后也非常容易重新吸附空气中的水分。如果将电极片的制造工艺放置在干燥房内进行,会极大地增加制造成本,无法进行大规模生产。
发明内容
鉴于背景技术中存在的问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种普鲁士蓝类正极材料及其制备方法、电化学储能装置,在所述普鲁士蓝类正极材料中,中性配体参与过渡金属的配位,部分或完全取代配位水,从而降低甚至去除配位水的含量,因此所述普鲁士蓝类正极材料的吸水性能显著降低,进而能明显改善电化学储能装置的性能。
为了达到上述目的,在本发明的第一方面,本发明提供了一种普鲁士蓝类正极材料,其分子式为AxMc[M′(CN)6]1-y(b-H2O)6y-dLd·□y·(i-H2O)z。其中:A为碱金属阳离子、碱土金属阳离子、Zn2+、Al3+中的一种或几种;M为2+和3+价位的金属;M′为2+和3+价位的金属;b-H2O为配位水;□为M′(CN)6空穴;L为中性配体,中性配体选自CH3CN、NH3、CO、C5H5N中的一种或几种;i-H2O为空隙水;0<x≤2;0<c≤1;0<y<1;0<d≤6y;0≤z≤16。
在本发明的第二方面,本发明提供了一种普鲁士蓝类正极材料的制备方法,其包括步骤:将预先合成好的、分子式为AxMc[M′(CN)6]1-y(b-H2O)6y·□y·(i-H2O)z的正极材料置于中性配体L的环境中,通过配体交换的方式制备分子式为AxMc[M′(CN)6]1-y(b-H2O)6y-dLd·□y·(i-H2O)z的普鲁士蓝类正极材料;其中:A为碱金属阳离子、碱土金属阳离子、Zn2+、Al3+中的一种或几种;M为2+和3+价位的金属;M′为2+和3+价位的金属;b-H2O为配位水;□为M′(CN)6空穴;L为中性配体,中性配体选自CH3CN、NH3、CO、C5H5N中的一种或几种;i-H2O为空隙水;0<x≤2;0<c≤1;0<y<1;0<d≤6y;0≤z≤16。
在本发明的第三方面,本发明提供了另一种普鲁士蓝类正极材料的制备方法,其包括步骤:将过渡金属M′的氰化物阴离子与过渡金属M的阳离子在中性配体L的环境中共沉淀反应制备分子式为AxMc[M′(CN)6]1-y(b-H2O)6y-dLd·□y·(i-H2O)z的普鲁士蓝类正极材料;其中:A为碱金属阳离子、碱土金属阳离子、Zn2+、Al3+中的一种或几种;M为2+ 和3+价位的金属;M′为2+和3+价位的金属;b-H2O为配位水;□为M′(CN)6空穴;L为中性配体,中性配体选自CH3CN、NH3、CO、C5H5N中的一种或几种;i-H2O为空隙水;0<x≤2;0<c≤1;0<y<1;0<d≤6y;0≤z≤16。
在本发明的第四方面,本发明提供了一种电化学储能装置,其包括:正极片;负极片以及隔离膜。正极片包括正极集流体以及设置于正极集流体上且含有正极材料的正极膜片。其中,所述正极材料包括根据本发明第一方面所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料。
相对于现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:
在本发明所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料中,中性配体参与过渡金属的配位,部分或完全取代配位水,从而降低甚至去除配位水的含量,因此所述普鲁士蓝类正极材料的吸水性能显著降低,进而能明显改善电化学储能装置的性能。
附图说明
图1为普鲁士蓝类正极材料的晶体结构示意图。
图2为普鲁士蓝类正极材料配体交换示意图。
其中,灰色较大球体表示金属M,黑色较大球体表示金属M′,灰色较小球体表示碳原子,黑色较小球体表示氮原子。
具体实施方式
下面详细说明根据本发明的普鲁士蓝类正极材料及其制备方法、电化学储能装置。
首先说明根据本发明第一方面的普鲁士蓝类正极材料,其分子式为AxMc[M′(CN)6]1-y(b-H2O)6y-dLd·□y·(i-H2O)z。其中:A为碱金属阳离子、碱土金属阳离子、Zn2+、Al3+中的一种或几种;M为2+和3+价位的金属;M′为2+和3+价位的金属;b-H2O为配位水;□为M′(CN)6空穴;L为中性配体(ligand),中性配体选自CH3CN、NH3、CO、C5H5N中的一种或几种;i-H2O为空隙水;0<x≤2;0<c≤1;0<y<1;0<d≤6y;0≤z≤16。
在根据本发明第一方面所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料中,中性配体L参与 过渡金属M的配位,部分或完全取代配位水b-H2O,从而降低甚至去除了配位水b-H2O的含量,因此,所述普鲁士蓝类正极材料的吸水性能显著降低。所述普鲁士蓝类正极材料中的孔隙水i-H2O更容易通过加热过程去除(例如在正极浆料的干燥过程中一并去除),不会影响A离子(A离子为碱金属阳离子、碱土金属阳离子、Zn2+、Al3+中的一种或几种)的传输;同时减低了孔隙水i-H2O的存在带来的负面影响,例如孔隙水i-H2O会游离到电解液中,影响电化学储能装置的性能。
在根据本发明第一方面所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料中,优选地,A可选自Li+、Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Al3+中的一种或几种。
在根据本发明第一方面所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料中,优选地,M可为过渡金属。进一步优选地,M可选自Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Nb、Ru、Sn、In、Cd中的一种。
在根据本发明第一方面所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料中,优选地,M′可为过渡金属。进一步优选地,M′可选自Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Nb、Ru、Sn、In、Cd中的一种。
其次说明根据本发明第二方面的普鲁士蓝类正极材料的制备方法,用于制备本发明第一方面所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料,包括步骤:将预先合成好的、分子式为AxMc[M′(CN)6]1-y(b-H2O)6y·□y·(i-H2O)z的正极材料置于中性配体L的环境中,通过配体交换的方式制备分子式为AxMc[M′(CN)6]1-y(b-H2O)6y-dLd·□y·(i-H2O)z的普鲁士蓝类正极材料;其中:A为碱金属阳离子、碱土金属阳离子、Zn2+、Al3+中的一种或几种;M为2+和3+价位的金属;M′为2+和3+价位的金属;b-H2O为配位水;□为M′(CN)6空穴;L为中性配体,中性配体选自CH3CN、NH3、CO、C5H5N中的一种或几种;i-H2O为空隙水;0<x≤2;0<c≤1;0<y<1;0<d≤6y;0≤z≤16。参照图2,经过配体交换后,中性配体L部分或完全地取代了配位水b-H2O。
在根据本发明第二方面所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料的制备方法中,所述中性配体L的环境可为含有中性配体L的溶液或含有中性配体L的气体。所述含有中性配体L的溶液可为中性配体L自身形成的液体、含有中性配体L的水溶液或含有中性配体L的水和有机溶剂的混合溶液。其中,所述有机溶 剂可选自甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、DMF、DMSO、四氢呋喃、正丙醇、异丙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇中的一种或几种。所述含有中性配体L的气体可为纯中性配体L自身形成的气体或中性配体L与惰性气体形成的混合气体。惰性气体可选自N2、CO2、Ar、He中的一种或几种。
在根据本发明第二方面所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料的制备方法中,AxMc[M′(CN)6]1-y(b-H2O)6y·□y·(i-H2O)z可通过常规的共沉淀反应制备。
再次说明根据本发明第三方面的普鲁士蓝类正极材料的制备方法,用于制备本发明第一方面所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料,包括步骤:将过渡金属M′的氰化物阴离子与过渡金属M的阳离子在中性配体L的环境中共沉淀反应制备分子式为AxMc[M′(CN)6]1-y(b-H2O)6y-dLd·□y·(i-H2O)z的普鲁士蓝类正极材料;其中:A为碱金属阳离子、碱土金属阳离子、Zn2+、Al3+中的一种或几种;M为2+和3+价位的金属;M′为2+和3+价位的金属;b-H2O为配位水;□为M′(CN)6空穴;L为中性配体,中性配体选自CH3CN、NH3、CO、C5H5N中的一种或几种;i-H2O为空隙水;0<x≤2;0<c≤1;0<y<1;0<d≤6y;0≤z≤16。参照图2,经过在含有中性配体L的溶液中共沉淀后,中性配体L部分或完全地取代了配位水b-H2O。
在根据本发明第三方面所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料的制备方法中,所述中性配体L的环境可为含有中性配体L的溶液或含有中性配体L的气体。所述含有中性配体L的溶液可为中性配体L自身形成的液体、含有中性配体L的水溶液或含有中性配体L的水和有机溶剂的混合溶液。其中,所述有机溶剂可选自甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、DMF、DMSO、四氢呋喃、正丙醇、异丙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇中的一种或几种。所述含有中性配体L的气体可为纯中性配体L自身形成的气体或中性配体L与惰性气体形成的混合气体。惰性气体可选自N2、CO2、Ar、He中的一种或几种。
接下来说明根据本发明第四方面的电化学储能装置,其包括:正极片;负极片以及隔离膜。正极片包括正极集流体以及设置于正极集流体上且含有正极材料的正极膜片。其中,所述正极材料包括根据本发明第一方面所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料。
在根据本发明第四方面所述的电化学储能装置中,所述电化学储能装置可为锂离子电池、钠离子电池、钾离子电池、锌离子电池或铝离子电池。根据本发明第一方面所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料为含A离子的普鲁士蓝类正极材料,以用于改善对应含A离子的电化学储能装置的性能,其中,A离子为碱金属阳离子、碱土金属阳离子、Zn2+、Al3+中的一种或几种。
在根据本发明第四方面所述的电化学储能装置中,所述负极片可包括负极集流体以及设置于负极集流体上且含有负极材料的负极膜片,所述负极材料选自碳基材料、硅基材料中的一种或几种。
在根据本发明第四方面所述的电化学储能装置中,所述负极片还可为A金属或A金属合金,其中,A为碱金属、碱土金属、Zn、Al中的一种或几种。
下面结合实施例,进一步阐述本申请。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本申请而不用于限制本申请的范围。
对比例1
将适量的Na4Fe(CN)4溶解于适量的去离子水中得到溶液(1),将适量的MnCl2溶解于适量去离子水中得到溶液(2),之后在搅拌下将溶液(2)缓慢滴加至溶液(1)中,搅拌24h后过滤、干燥,得到所需样品。ICP及TG测试结果表明该样品的分子式为Na1.85Mn[Fe(CN)6]0.96(b-H2O)0.24·□0.04·(i-H2O)1.61
对比例2
将适量的Na4Fe(CN)4溶解于适量的去离子水中得到溶液(1),将适量的FeCl2溶解于适量去离子水中得到溶液(2),之后在搅拌下将溶液(2)缓慢滴加至溶液(1)中,搅拌24h后过滤、干燥,得到所需样品,为了防止Fe2+被氧化,合成过程中使用惰性气体进行保护。ICP及TG测试结果表明该样品的分子式为Na1.58Fe[Fe(CN)6]0.90(b-H2O)0.60·□0.10·(i-H2O)1.34
对比例3
将适量的K4Fe(CN)4溶解于适量的去离子水中得到溶液(1),将适量的MnCl2溶解于适量去离子水中得到溶液(2),之后在搅拌下将溶液(2)缓慢滴加至溶液(1)中,搅拌24h后过滤、干燥,得到所需样品。ICP及TG测试结果表明该样品的分子式为K1.33Mn[Fe(CN)6]0.82(b-H2O)1.08·□0.18·(i-H2O)2.58
实施例1
称取适量的对比例1中合成的样品分散于适量的乙腈(CH3CN)溶液中,室温下搅拌12h进行配体交换,交换之后通过过滤干燥得到乙腈交换后的样品Na1.85Mn[Fe(CN)6]0.96(b-H2O)0.24-d1(CH3CN)d1·□0.04·(i-H2O)1.61,0<d1<0.24。
实施例2
将适量的Na4Fe(CN)4溶解于20%氨水中得到溶液(1),将等比例的MnCl2溶解于适量去离子水中得到溶液(2),之后在搅拌下将溶液(2)缓慢滴加至溶液(1)中,搅拌24h后过滤、干燥,即得到在氨水溶液中共沉淀经过NH3交换后的样品Na1.85Mn[Fe(CN)6]0.96(b-H2O)0.24-d2(NH3)d2·□0.04·(i-H2O)1.61,0<d2<0.24。
实施例3
称取适量的对比例2中合成的样品分散于适量的乙腈溶液中,室温下搅拌12h进行配体交换,交换之后通过过滤干燥得到乙腈交换后的样品Na1.58Fe[Fe(CN)6]0.90(b-H2O)0.60-d3(CH3CN)d3·□0.10·(i-H2O)1.34,0<d3<0.60。
实施例4
称取适量的对比例3中合成的样品分散于适量的乙腈溶液中,室温下搅拌12h进行配体交换,交换之后通过过滤干燥得到乙腈交换后的样品K1.33Mn[Fe(CN)6]0.82(b-H2O)1.08-d4(CH3CN)d4·□0.18·(i-H2O)2.58,0<d4<1.08。
为了测试普鲁士蓝类正极材料的吸水性能,所有实施例与对比例中的样品都在120℃下干燥12h,然后将干燥后的样品分成两组(第一组和第二组), 第一组马上使用卡尔-费休水分仪测试水含量,第二组在空气中放置1h后使用卡尔-费休水分仪测试水含量。水含量的测试截止温度为170℃。
表2实施例1-4和对比例1-3的样品的水含量测试结果
Figure PCTCN2017084923-appb-000002
对比实施例1-2与对比例1的水含量测试结果可以看出,Na1.85Mn[Fe(CN)6]0.96(b-H2O)0.24·□0.04·(i-H2O)1.61经过120℃干燥12h后仍含有2311ppm的水分,并且其吸水性特别强,在空气中放置1h后水含量升高到了8091ppm;而实施例1中的样品经过乙腈交换后部分配位水被乙腈取代,变成Na1.85Mn[Fe(CN)6]0.96(b-H2O)0.24-d1(CH3CN)d1·□0.04·(i-H2O)1.61,其120℃干燥12h后水含量从2311ppm降低到了1044ppm,在空气中放置1h后水含量也只有3157ppm,表明实施例1得到的含钠的普鲁士蓝类正极材料的吸水性大大的降低了;而实施例2中的样品在氨水溶液中共沉淀合成时,NH3进入普鲁士蓝类正极材料的晶体结构中取代部分配位水,变成Na1.85Mn[Fe(CN)6]0.96(b-H2O)0.24-d2(NH3)d2·□0.04·(i-H2O)1.61,其120℃干燥12h后水含量从2311ppm降低到了1287ppm,在空气中放置1h后水含量也只有3573ppm,表明实施例2得到的含钠的普鲁士蓝类正极材料的吸水性大大的降低了。
对比实施例3与对比例2的水含量测试结果可以看出,Na1.58Fe[Fe(CN)6]0.90(b-H2O)0.60·□0.10·(i-H2O)1.34经过120℃干燥12h后仍含有3296ppm的水分,并且其吸水性特别强,在空气中放置1h后水含量升高 到了10372ppm;而实施例3中的样品经过乙腈交换后部分配位水被乙腈取代,变成Na1.58Fe[Fe(CN)6]0.90(b-H2O)0.60-d3(CH3CN)d3·□0.10·(i-H2O)1.34,其120℃干燥12h后水含量从3296ppm降低到了2252ppm,在空气中放置1h后水含量也只有6100ppm,表明实施例3得到的含钠的普鲁士蓝类正极材料的吸水性大大的降低了。
对比实施例4与对比例3的水含量测试结果可以看出,K1.33Mn[Fe(CN)6]0.82(b-H2O)1.08·□0.18·(i-H2O)2.58经过120℃干燥12h后仍含有3583ppm的水分,并且其吸水性特别强,在空气中放置1h后水含量升高到了15928ppm;而实施例4中的样品经过乙腈交换后部分配位水被乙腈取代,变为K1.33Mn[Fe(CN)6]0.82(b-H2O)1.08-d4(CH3CN)d4·□0.18·(i-H2O)2.58,其120℃干燥12h后水含量从3583ppm降低到了2309ppm,在空气中放置1h后水含量也只有6901ppm,表明实施例4得到的含钾的普鲁士蓝类正极材料的吸水性大大的降低了。
综上,在本发明的普鲁士蓝类正极材料中引入中性配体L,中性配体L部分或完全取代配位水b-H2O,降低甚至去除普鲁士蓝类正极材料中配位水b-H2O的含量,显著降低普鲁士蓝类正极材料的吸水性能。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种普鲁士蓝类正极材料,其特征在于,所述普鲁士蓝类正极材料的分子式为AxMc[M′(CN)6]1-y(b-H2O)6y-dLd·□y·(i-H2O)z
    其中:
    A为碱金属阳离子、碱土金属阳离子、Zn2+、Al3+中的一种或几种;
    M为2+和3+价位的金属;
    M′为2+和3+价位的金属;
    b-H2O为配位水;
    □为M′(CN)6空穴;
    L为中性配体,中性配体选自CH3CN、NH3、CO、C5H5N中的一种或几种;
    i-H2O为空隙水;
    0<x≤2;
    0<c≤1;
    0<y<1;
    0<d≤6y;
    0≤z≤16。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料,其特征在于,A选自Li+、Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Al3+中的一种或几种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料,其特征在于,M为过渡金属。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料,其特征在于,M选自Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Nb、Ru、Sn、In、Cd中的一种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料,其特征在于,M′为过渡金属。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料,其特征在于,M′选自Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Nb、Ru、Sn、In、Cd中的一种。
  7. 一种普鲁士蓝类正极材料的制备方法,用于制备权利要求1-6中任一项所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料,其特征在于,包括步骤:
    将预先合成好的、分子式为AxMc[M′(CN)6]1-y(b-H2O)6y·□y·(i-H2O)z的正极材料置于中性配体L的环境中,通过配体交换的方式制备分子式为AxMc[M′(CN)6]1-y(b-H2O)6y-dLd·□y·(i-H2O)z的普鲁士蓝类正极材料;
    其中:
    A为碱金属阳离子、碱土金属阳离子、Zn2+、Al3+中的一种或几种;
    M为2+和3+价位的金属;
    M′为2+和3+价位的金属;
    b-H2O为配位水;
    □为M′(CN)6空穴;
    L为中性配体,中性配体选自CH3CN、NH3、CO、C5H5N中的一种或几种;
    i-H2O为空隙水;
    0<x≤2;
    0<c≤1;
    0<y<1;
    0<d≤6y;
    0≤z≤16。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中性配体L的环境为含有中性配体L的溶液或含有中性配体L的气体。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含有中性配体L的溶液为中性配体L自身形成的液体、含有中性配体L的水溶液或含有中性配体L的水和有机溶剂的混合溶液。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、DMF、DMSO、四氢呋喃、正丙醇、异丙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇中的一种或几种。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含有中性配体L的气体为纯中性配体L自身形成的气体或中性配体L与惰性气体形成的混合气体。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,惰性气体选自N2、CO2、Ar、He中的一种或几种。
  13. 一种普鲁士蓝类正极材料的制备方法,用于制备权利要求1-6中任一项所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料,其特征在于,包括步骤:
    将过渡金属M′的氰化物阴离子与过渡金属M的阳离子在中性配体L的环境中共沉淀反应制备分子式为AxMc[M′(CN)6]1-y(b-H2O)6y-dLd·□y·(i-H2O)z的普鲁士蓝类正极材料;
    其中:
    A为碱金属阳离子、碱土金属阳离子、Zn2+、Al3+中的一种或几种;
    M为2+和3+价位的金属;
    M′为2+和3+价位的金属;
    b-H2O为配位水;
    □为M′(CN)6空穴;
    L为中性配体,中性配体选自CH3CN、NH3、CO、C5H5N中的一种或几种;
    i-H2O为空隙水;
    0<x≤2;
    0<c≤1;
    0<y<1;
    0<d≤6y;
    0≤z≤16。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中性配体L的环境为含有中性配体L的溶液或含有中性配体L的气体。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含有中性配体L的溶液为中性配体L自身形成的液体、含有中性配体L的水溶液或含有中性配体L的水和有机溶剂的混合溶液。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、DMF、DMSO、四氢呋喃、正丙醇、异丙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇中的一种或几种。
  17. 根据权利要求14所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含有中性配体L的气体为纯中性配体L自身形成的气体或中性配体L与惰性气体形成的混合气体。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,惰性气体选自N2、CO2、Ar、He中的一种或几种。
  19. 一种电化学储能装置,包括:
    正极片,包括正极集流体以及设置于正极集流体上且含有正极材料的正极膜片;
    负极片;以及
    隔离膜;
    其特征在于,
    所述正极材料包括根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的普鲁士蓝类正极材料。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的电化学储能装置,其特征在于,所述电化学储能装置为锂离子电池、钠离子电池、钾离子电池、锌离子电池或铝离子电池。
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CN114583120A (zh) * 2021-12-27 2022-06-03 武汉理工大学 富锂材料表面设计和构筑具有金属离子成分梯度结构的方法
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CN114836786A (zh) * 2022-04-25 2022-08-02 长安大学 一种镍钴普鲁士蓝类似物纳米薄膜材料及其制备方法
CN115939376A (zh) * 2023-02-15 2023-04-07 深圳华钠新材有限责任公司 一种能够减少结晶水生成的普鲁士蓝正极材料的制备方法
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WO2024230880A1 (de) 2023-05-09 2024-11-14 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Natriumionenbatterie, verfahren zum herstellen einer natriumionenbatterie und verwendung einer natriumionenbatterie
DE102023112153A1 (de) 2023-05-09 2024-11-14 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Natriumionenbatterie, Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Natriumionenbatterie und Verwendung einer Natriumionenbatterie
CN117448935A (zh) * 2023-11-21 2024-01-26 哈尔滨工业大学 一种单晶普鲁士蓝类钠电正极材料的固相合成方法
WO2025108513A1 (de) 2023-11-21 2025-05-30 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Natriumionenbatterie mit natriummetallanode und verfahren zum herstellen einer natriumionenbatterie
PL451442A1 (pl) * 2025-03-10 2026-04-27 Politechnika Poznańska Sposób wytwarzania elektrody, w szczególności katody, do baterii sodowo-jonowych

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